US20160302866A1 - Microwave antenna having a reactively-loaded loop configuration - Google Patents
Microwave antenna having a reactively-loaded loop configuration Download PDFInfo
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- US20160302866A1 US20160302866A1 US15/194,343 US201615194343A US2016302866A1 US 20160302866 A1 US20160302866 A1 US 20160302866A1 US 201615194343 A US201615194343 A US 201615194343A US 2016302866 A1 US2016302866 A1 US 2016302866A1
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- microwave antenna
- inner conductor
- ablation system
- radiating section
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00005—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe
- A61B2018/00011—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids
- A61B2018/00023—Cooling or heating of the probe or tissue immediately surrounding the probe with fluids closed, i.e. without wound contact by the fluid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00059—Material properties
- A61B2018/00071—Electrical conductivity
- A61B2018/00077—Electrical conductivity high, i.e. electrically conducting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00107—Coatings on the energy applicator
- A61B2018/0013—Coatings on the energy applicator non-sticking
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00577—Ablation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
- A61B2018/1823—Generators therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
- A61B2018/183—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves characterised by the type of antenna
- A61B2018/1838—Dipole antennas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
- A61B2018/183—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves characterised by the type of antenna
- A61B2018/1846—Helical antennas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
- A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
- A61B2018/1869—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves with an instrument interstitially inserted into the body, e.g. needles
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to microwave antennas. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to microwave antennas having a reactively-loaded loop configuration defining a portion of a radiating section of the microwave antenna.
- Microwave ablation procedures e.g., such as those performed for menorrhagia, are typically done to ablate the targeted tissue to denature or kill the tissue.
- Many procedures and types of devices utilizing electromagnetic radiation therapy are known in the art.
- Such microwave therapy is typically used in the treatment of tissue and organs such as the prostate, heart, and liver.
- One non-invasive procedure generally involves the treatment of tissue (e.g., a tumor) underlying the skin via the use of microwave energy.
- the microwave energy is able to non-invasively penetrate the skin to reach the underlying tissue.
- microwave energy is generated by a power source, e.g., microwave generator, and transmitted to tissue via a microwave antenna that is fed with a coaxial cable that operably couples to a radiating section of the microwave antenna.
- impedance associated with the coaxial cable, the radiating section and/or tissue need to equal to one another, i.e., an impedance match between the coaxial cable, the radiating section and/or tissue.
- an impedance mismatch may be present between the coaxial cable, the radiating section and/or tissue, and the energy delivery efficiency from the microwave generator to the microwave antenna is compromised, e.g., decreased, which, in turn, may compromise a desired effect to tissue, e.g., ablation to tissue.
- the present disclosure provides a microwave ablation system.
- the microwave ablation system includes a power source.
- a microwave antenna is adapted to connect to the power source via a coaxial cable feed including an inner conductor defining a portion of a radiating section of the microwave antenna, an outer conductor and dielectric shielding.
- the inner conductor loops back around and toward the outer conductor of the coaxial cable feed such that a distal end of the inner conductor is operably disposed adjacent the dielectric shielding.
- the inner conductor includes one or more reactive components disposed thereon forming a reactively-loaded loop configuration.
- the present disclosure provides a microwave antenna adapted to connect to a power source for performing a microwave ablation procedure.
- the microwave antenna includes a coaxial cable feed including an inner conductor defining a portion of a radiating section of the microwave antenna, an outer conductor and dielectric shielding.
- the inner conductor loops back around and toward the outer conductor of the coaxial cable feed such that a distal end of the inner conductor is operably disposed adjacent the dielectric shielding.
- the inner conductor includes one or more reactive components disposed thereon forming a reactively-loaded loop configuration.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a microwave ablation system adapted for use with a microwave antenna that utilizes a reactively-loaded loop configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1B is a perspective view of another type of microwave antenna that utilizes a reactively-loaded loop configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and is adapted for use with the microwave ablation system depicted in FIG. 1A ;
- FIG. 2A is partial, cut-away view of a distal tip of the microwave antenna depicted in FIG. 1B illustrating a radiating section associated with microwave antenna;
- FIG. 2B is a cross-section view taken along line segment “ 2 B- 2 B” illustrated in FIG. 2A ;
- FIG. 3 is partial, cut-away view of the distal tip of the microwave antenna depicted in FIG. 1B illustrating an alternate embodiment of the radiating section depicted in FIG. 2A ;
- FIG. 4 is partial, cut-away view of the distal tip of the microwave antenna depicted in FIG. 1B illustrating a conductive shield operably positioned adjacent the radiating section depicted in FIG. 2A ;
- FIG. 5 is partial, cut-away view of the distal tip of the microwave antenna depicted in FIG. 1B illustrating a conductive shield operably positioned adjacent the radiating section depicted in FIG. 2A according to an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 6 is partial cut-away view of the distal tip of the microwave antenna depicted in FIG. 1B illustrating a conductive shield operably positioned adjacent the radiating section depicted in FIG. 2A according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- distal refers to the portion which is furthest from the user and the term “proximal” refers to the portion that is closest to the user.
- proximal refers to the portion that is closest to the user.
- terms such as “above”, “below”, “forward”, “rearward”, etc. refer to the orientation of the figures or the direction of components and are simply used for convenience of description.
- the system 10 includes microwave antenna 100 that is adapted to connect to an electrosurgical power source, e.g., an RF and/or microwave (MW) generator 200 that includes or is in operative communication with one or more controllers 300 and, in some instances, a fluid supply pump 40 .
- an electrosurgical power source e.g., an RF and/or microwave (MW) generator 200 that includes or is in operative communication with one or more controllers 300 and, in some instances, a fluid supply pump 40 .
- microwave antenna 100 includes an introducer 116 having an elongated shaft 112 and a radiating or conductive tissue piercing tip 114 operably disposed within elongated shaft 112 , a cooling assembly 120 having a cooling sheath 121 , a handle 118 , a cooling fluid supply 122 and a cooling fluid return 124 , and an electrosurgical energy connector 126 .
- Connector 126 is configured to connect the microwave antenna 100 to the electrosurgical power source 200 , e.g., a generator or source of radio frequency energy and/or microwave energy, and supplies electrosurgical energy to the distal portion of the microwave antenna 100 .
- the electrosurgical power source 200 e.g., a generator or source of radio frequency energy and/or microwave energy
- Conductive tip 114 and elongated shaft 112 are in electrical communication with connector 126 via an internal coaxial cable 126 a that extends from the proximal end of the microwave antenna 100 and includes an inner conductor 126 b (shown in phantom) operably disposed within the shaft 112 and adjacent a radiating section 138 (shown in phantom) and/or the conductive or radiating tip 114 .
- the internal coaxial cable 126 a includes a dielectric material and an outer conductor surrounding each of the inner conductor 126 b and the dielectric material.
- a connection hub (not explicitly shown) disposed at a proximal end of the microwave antenna 100 operably couples connector 126 to internal coaxial cable 126 a, and cooling fluid supply 122 and a cooling fluid return 124 to a cooling assembly 120 .
- Radiating section 138 by way of conductive tip 114 is configured to deliver radio frequency energy (in either a bipolar or monopolar mode) or microwave energy to a target tissue site.
- Elongated shaft 112 and conductive tip 114 may be formed of suitable conductive material including, but not limited to copper, gold, silver or other conductive metals having similar conductivity values.
- elongated shaft 112 and/or conductive tip 114 may be constructed from stainless steel or may be plated with other materials, e.g., other conductive materials, such as gold or silver, to improve certain properties, e.g., to improve conductivity, decrease energy loss, etc.
- the conductive tip 114 may be deployable from the elongated shaft 112 .
- microwave antenna 512 that utilizes a reactively-loaded loop configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and adapted for use with the microwave ablation system depicted in FIG. 1A is illustrated.
- microwave antenna 512 operably couples to generator 200 including a controller 300 via a flexible coaxial cable 516 .
- generator 200 is configured to provide microwave energy at an operational frequency from about 300 MHz to about 10 GHz.
- Microwave antenna 512 includes a radiating section or portion 518 that may be connected by a feedline or shaft 520 to coaxial cable 516 that extends from the proximal end of the microwave antenna 512 and includes an inner conductor operably disposed within the shaft 520 and adjacent radiating section 518 and/or a conductive or radiating tissue piercing tip 524 . More specifically, the microwave antenna 512 is coupled to the cable 516 through a connection hub 522 .
- the connection hub 522 also includes an outlet fluid port 530 (similar to that of cooling fluid return 124 ) and an inlet fluid port 532 (similar to that of cooling fluid supply 122 ) that are connected in fluid communication with a sheath 538 .
- the sheath 538 encloses the radiating portion 518 and the shaft 520 allowing for coolant fluid from the ports 530 and 532 to be supplied to and circulated around the antenna assembly 512 via respective fluid lumens 530 a and 532 a.
- the ports 530 and 532 may also couple to supply pump 40 .
- loop 400 a reactively-loaded loop configuration
- “reactively-loaded” is meant to mean including an element or component that opposes alternating current, caused by a build up of electric or magnetic fields in the element or component due to the current.
- Loop 400 may be operably associated with either of the radiating sections 138 or 518 .
- loop 400 is described in terms of the radiating section 518 associated with the microwave antenna 512 .
- Loop 400 is constructed by extending an inner conductor 516 a, associated with the coaxial cable 516 distally past a dielectric material 516 b and an outer conductor 516 c.
- inner conductor 516 a is looped around and back toward the outer conductor 516 c of the coaxial cable 516 such that a radiating section 518 having a generally “loop” like configuration is formed, the significance of which is described in greater detail below.
- loop 400 includes a diameter that ranges from about 3 mm to about 15 mm.
- Inner conductor 516 a may have any suitable configuration including but not limited to wire, strip, etc.
- inner conductor 516 a includes a wire configuration having a diameter that ranges from about 0.0010 inches to about 0.0020 inches.
- the strip may include a width that ranges from about 0.0010 inches to about 0.0020 inches.
- a length of the loop 400 is configured for tuning, i.e., impedance matching, an impedance associated with the inner conductor 516 a, microwave antenna 512 and tissue at a target tissue site such that optimal transfer of electrosurgical energy is provided from the generator 200 to the radiating section 518 such that a desired tissue effect is achieved at a target tissue site.
- one or more reactive elements or components are operably disposed along a length of loop 400 associated with the inner conductor 516 a to achieve a desired electrical effect at the radiating section 518 .
- one or more coiled sections 402 (one coiled section is shown for illustrative purposes) that serves as an inductive component is formed (or in some instances positioned, such as, for example, when an inductive component is utilized) adjacent a proximal end of the inner conductor 516 a.
- the coiled section 402 may include any number of suitable turns such that a desired voltage may be induced therein by an electromagnetic field present in the coiled section 402 when electrosurgical energy is transmitted to the microwave antenna 512 and, more particularly, to the radiating section 518 .
- One or more capacitive components 404 (three capacitive components are shown for illustrative purposes) are operably disposed at distal end of the loop 400 and/or inner conductor 516 a. More particularly, capacitive components 404 are positioned adjacent outer conductor 516 c and/or dielectric material 516 b.
- the capacitive components 404 are in the form of three capacitor disks 404 that function to provide a capacitive effect at the distal end of the loop 400 when the distal end of the loop 400 is positioned adjacent (or contacts) the outer conductor 516 c and/or the dielectric material 516 b.
- the inductive and capacitive components 402 and 404 may be arranged in any suitable electrical configuration, i.e., series or parallel.
- the inductive and capacitive components 402 and 404 are arranged in series with respect to each other.
- the respective inductive and capacitive components 402 and 404 may be arranged in a parallel configuration with respect to each other. That is, inner conductor 516 a may be split into two branches forming a parallel configuration, wherein each branch includes a respective reactive component. More particularly, one branch may include one or more inductive components 402 and one branch may include one or more capacitive component 404 .
- a thickness of the inner conductor 516 a may varied (i.e., increased or decreased) as needed.
- Loading the loop 400 with one or more reactive components described herein enables the radiating section 518 to be shortened or lengthened during the manufacturing process such that a desired electrical effect (e.g., impedance) or output may be achieved at the radiating section 518 and/or conductive tip 524 . Additionally, reactive loading of the loop 400 allows for miniaturization of the radiating section 518 , which, in turn, provides for a more practical invasive microwave antenna 512 and/or radiating section 518 .
- the loop 400 may include a spiral loop configuration.
- the loop 400 includes one or more spiral sections 406 that provide one or more reactive effects, e.g., an inductive effect described above.
- a distal end of the spiral section 406 of loop 400 and/or the inner conductor 516 a is positioned adjacent (or contacts) the outer conductor 516 c and/or the dielectric material 516 b.
- one or more of the reactive components described above may be operably disposed within the electrical path of the spiral section 406 of the loop 400 . That is, the inductive component 402 and/or a capacitive component 404 may be arranged in series or parallel configurations with respect to each other and/or the spiral section 406 of loop 400 .
- one or more structure(s) or device(s) may be employed to concentrate the electrosurgical energy radiating from the radiating section 518 and/or conductive tip 524 to tissue at a target tissue site. More particularly, and with reference to
- a reflector or shield 408 may be operably positioned adjacent and partially wrapped (or in some instances substantially wrapped) around the loop 400 , e.g., configuration of loop 400 illustrated in FIG. 2A (or other suitable configuration of loop 400 ). More particularly, the shield 408 is operably secured to and disposed at a distal end of the coaxial cable 516 adjacent the loop 400 . Shield 408 may be secured to coaxial cable 516 by any suitable securement methods including but not limited to soldering, brazing, welding, adhesives, etc. In the illustrated embodiments, shield 408 is secured to coaxial cable 516 by way of brazing. In certain embodiments, shield 408 may be monolithically formed with the radiating section 518 .
- shield 408 may be grounded or secured to an internal portion of the shaft 520 of the microwave antenna 512 .
- Shield 408 may be made from any suitable material including but not limited to materials that are conductive, non-conductive or partially conductive. More particularly, shield 408 may be made from metal, metal alloys, plastic, ceramic, etc. In one particular embodiment, shield 408 is made from metal, such as, for example, a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, platinum, stainless steel and titanium.
- Shield 408 is configured to provide enhanced directionality of the radiating pattern of the electrosurgical energy transmitted to the radiating section 518 and/or conductive tip 524 .
- the shield 408 may include a generally hemispherical or clamshell configuration ( FIG. 5 ).
- the shield 408 may be elongated having a generally triangular cross-section configuration ( FIG. 6 ). In either instance, the shield 408 concentrates and/or directs the electrosurgical energy transmitted to the radiating section 518 and/or conductive tip 524 to the target tissue site. Examples of other suitable types of reflectors or shields (and operative components associated therewith) are described in commonly-owned
- the generator is shown operably coupled to fluid supply pump 40 .
- the supply pump 40 is, in turn, operably coupled to a supply tank 44 .
- the supply pump 40 is operatively disposed on the generator 200 , which allows the generator to control the output of a cooling fluid 42 from the supply pump 40 to the microwave antenna 512 according to either open and/or closed control loop schemes.
- providing the cooling fluid 42 (see FIGS. 2A and 3 ) to the radiating section 518 and/or the loop 400 increases the power handling capability of the microwave antenna.
- a microwave antenna e.g., microwave antenna 100
- the deployable conductive tip 114 includes a configuration of loop 400 proportioned small enough in diameter to facilitate deployment of the conductive tip 114 .
- a portion of the loop 400 may be positioned around a tumor or soft tissue.
- a portion of the microwave antenna may be coated with a non-stick material 140 (see FIG. 1A , for example), such as, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, commonly referred to and sold under the trademark TEFLON® owned by DuPontTM
- a dielectric material 517 may surround the radiating section 518 and/or the loop 400 and reactive components associated therewith to achieve an impedance match between the microwave antenna 100 and tissue to emit a radiating pattern from the radiating section 518 of the microwave antenna 512 .
- a portion of the microwave antenna e.g., a radiating section 518 and/or conductive tip 524 , is positioned adjacent tissue at a target tissue site (or in some instances, a portion of the microwave antenna 512 , e.g., a portion of loop 400 , may be wrapped around tissue, e.g., a tumor).
- a fluid 42 may be circulated through the fluid lumens 530 a and 532 a and around the radiating section 518 , see FIG. 2A , for example.
- the loop 400 improves electrosurgical energy transfer from the generator 200 to the microwave antenna 512 and/or the target tissue site and allows the microwave antenna 512 or portion associated therewith, e.g., radiating section 518 and/or conductive portion 524 , to be utilized with more invasive ablation procedures.
- one or more modules associated with the generator 200 and/or controller 300 may be configured to monitor the reactive elements or components, e.g., inductive element 402 , associated with the loop 400 such that a specific electromagnetic field is generated by the reactive elements or components during the transmission of electrosurgical energy from the generator 200 to the microwave antenna 512 .
- one or more sensors e.g., one or more voltage and current sensors
- the senor(s) may be operably disposed along a length of the loop 400 and in operative communication with the module(s) associated with the generator 200 and/or controller 300 .
- the sensor(s) may react to voltage and/or current fluctuations associated with the loop 400 and caused by electromagnetic fields fluctuations generated by one or more of the reactive components, e.g., inductive element 402 , associated with the loop 400 .
- the sensor(s) may be configured to trigger a control signal to the module(s) when an electromagnetic field of predetermined strength is generated.
- the module(s) detects a control signal, the module may send a command signal to the generator 200 and/or controller 300 such that the electrosurgical power output to the microwave antenna 512 may be adjusted accordingly.
Abstract
Description
- The present application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/189,769, filed on Feb. 25, 2014, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/826,902, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,672,933, filed on Jun. 30, 2010, the entire contents of each of which is incorporated by reference herein.
- 1. Technical Field
- The present disclosure relates to microwave antennas. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to microwave antennas having a reactively-loaded loop configuration defining a portion of a radiating section of the microwave antenna.
- 2. Background of Related Art
- Microwave ablation procedures, e.g., such as those performed for menorrhagia, are typically done to ablate the targeted tissue to denature or kill the tissue. Many procedures and types of devices utilizing electromagnetic radiation therapy are known in the art. Such microwave therapy is typically used in the treatment of tissue and organs such as the prostate, heart, and liver.
- One non-invasive procedure generally involves the treatment of tissue (e.g., a tumor) underlying the skin via the use of microwave energy. The microwave energy is able to non-invasively penetrate the skin to reach the underlying tissue. Typically, microwave energy is generated by a power source, e.g., microwave generator, and transmitted to tissue via a microwave antenna that is fed with a coaxial cable that operably couples to a radiating section of the microwave antenna.
- For optimal energy delivery efficiency from the microwave generator to the microwave antenna, impedance associated with the coaxial cable, the radiating section and/or tissue need to equal to one another, i.e., an impedance match between the coaxial cable, the radiating section and/or tissue. In certain instances, an impedance mismatch may be present between the coaxial cable, the radiating section and/or tissue, and the energy delivery efficiency from the microwave generator to the microwave antenna is compromised, e.g., decreased, which, in turn, may compromise a desired effect to tissue, e.g., ablation to tissue.
- The present disclosure provides a microwave ablation system. The microwave ablation system includes a power source. A microwave antenna is adapted to connect to the power source via a coaxial cable feed including an inner conductor defining a portion of a radiating section of the microwave antenna, an outer conductor and dielectric shielding. The inner conductor loops back around and toward the outer conductor of the coaxial cable feed such that a distal end of the inner conductor is operably disposed adjacent the dielectric shielding. The inner conductor includes one or more reactive components disposed thereon forming a reactively-loaded loop configuration.
- The present disclosure provides a microwave antenna adapted to connect to a power source for performing a microwave ablation procedure. The microwave antenna includes a coaxial cable feed including an inner conductor defining a portion of a radiating section of the microwave antenna, an outer conductor and dielectric shielding. The inner conductor loops back around and toward the outer conductor of the coaxial cable feed such that a distal end of the inner conductor is operably disposed adjacent the dielectric shielding. The inner conductor includes one or more reactive components disposed thereon forming a reactively-loaded loop configuration.
- The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a microwave ablation system adapted for use with a microwave antenna that utilizes a reactively-loaded loop configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 1B is a perspective view of another type of microwave antenna that utilizes a reactively-loaded loop configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and is adapted for use with the microwave ablation system depicted inFIG. 1A ; -
FIG. 2A is partial, cut-away view of a distal tip of the microwave antenna depicted inFIG. 1B illustrating a radiating section associated with microwave antenna; -
FIG. 2B is a cross-section view taken along line segment “2B-2B” illustrated inFIG. 2A ; -
FIG. 3 is partial, cut-away view of the distal tip of the microwave antenna depicted inFIG. 1B illustrating an alternate embodiment of the radiating section depicted inFIG. 2A ; -
FIG. 4 is partial, cut-away view of the distal tip of the microwave antenna depicted inFIG. 1B illustrating a conductive shield operably positioned adjacent the radiating section depicted inFIG. 2A ; -
FIG. 5 is partial, cut-away view of the distal tip of the microwave antenna depicted inFIG. 1B illustrating a conductive shield operably positioned adjacent the radiating section depicted inFIG. 2A according to an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure; and -
FIG. 6 is partial cut-away view of the distal tip of the microwave antenna depicted inFIG. 1B illustrating a conductive shield operably positioned adjacent the radiating section depicted inFIG. 2A according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. - Embodiments of the presently disclosed microwave antenna are described in detail with reference to the drawing figures wherein like reference numerals identify similar or identical elements. As used herein and as is traditional, the term “distal” refers to the portion which is furthest from the user and the term “proximal” refers to the portion that is closest to the user. In addition, terms such as “above”, “below”, “forward”, “rearward”, etc. refer to the orientation of the figures or the direction of components and are simply used for convenience of description.
- Referring now to
FIG. 1A , amicrowave ablation system 10 adapted for use with amicrowave antenna 100 that utilizes a reactively-loaded loop configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Thesystem 10 includesmicrowave antenna 100 that is adapted to connect to an electrosurgical power source, e.g., an RF and/or microwave (MW)generator 200 that includes or is in operative communication with one ormore controllers 300 and, in some instances, afluid supply pump 40. Briefly,microwave antenna 100 includes anintroducer 116 having anelongated shaft 112 and a radiating or conductivetissue piercing tip 114 operably disposed withinelongated shaft 112, acooling assembly 120 having acooling sheath 121, ahandle 118, acooling fluid supply 122 and acooling fluid return 124, and anelectrosurgical energy connector 126.Connector 126 is configured to connect themicrowave antenna 100 to theelectrosurgical power source 200, e.g., a generator or source of radio frequency energy and/or microwave energy, and supplies electrosurgical energy to the distal portion of themicrowave antenna 100.Conductive tip 114 andelongated shaft 112 are in electrical communication withconnector 126 via an internalcoaxial cable 126 a that extends from the proximal end of themicrowave antenna 100 and includes aninner conductor 126 b (shown in phantom) operably disposed within theshaft 112 and adjacent a radiating section 138 (shown in phantom) and/or the conductive orradiating tip 114. As is common in the art, the internalcoaxial cable 126 a includes a dielectric material and an outer conductor surrounding each of theinner conductor 126 b and the dielectric material. A connection hub (not explicitly shown) disposed at a proximal end of themicrowave antenna 100operably couples connector 126 to internalcoaxial cable 126 a, and coolingfluid supply 122 and a coolingfluid return 124 to acooling assembly 120.Radiating section 138 by way of conductive tip 114 (or in certain instances without conductive tip 114) is configured to deliver radio frequency energy (in either a bipolar or monopolar mode) or microwave energy to a target tissue site.Elongated shaft 112 andconductive tip 114 may be formed of suitable conductive material including, but not limited to copper, gold, silver or other conductive metals having similar conductivity values. Alternatively,elongated shaft 112 and/orconductive tip 114 may be constructed from stainless steel or may be plated with other materials, e.g., other conductive materials, such as gold or silver, to improve certain properties, e.g., to improve conductivity, decrease energy loss, etc. In an embodiment, theconductive tip 114 may be deployable from theelongated shaft 112. - With reference now to
FIG. 1B , amicrowave antenna 512 that utilizes a reactively-loaded loop configuration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and adapted for use with the microwave ablation system depicted inFIG. 1A is illustrated. Briefly,microwave antenna 512 operably couples togenerator 200 including acontroller 300 via a flexiblecoaxial cable 516. In this instance,generator 200 is configured to provide microwave energy at an operational frequency from about 300 MHz to about 10 GHz.Microwave antenna 512 includes a radiating section orportion 518 that may be connected by a feedline orshaft 520 tocoaxial cable 516 that extends from the proximal end of themicrowave antenna 512 and includes an inner conductor operably disposed within theshaft 520 andadjacent radiating section 518 and/or a conductive or radiatingtissue piercing tip 524. More specifically, themicrowave antenna 512 is coupled to thecable 516 through aconnection hub 522. Theconnection hub 522 also includes an outlet fluid port 530 (similar to that of cooling fluid return 124) and an inlet fluid port 532 (similar to that of cooling fluid supply 122) that are connected in fluid communication with asheath 538. Thesheath 538 encloses the radiatingportion 518 and theshaft 520 allowing for coolant fluid from theports antenna assembly 512 via respectivefluid lumens ports pump 40. For a more detailed description of themicrowave antenna 512 and operative components associated therewith, reference is made to commonly-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/401,268 filed on Mar. 10, 2009. - With reference to
FIG. 2A , a reactively-loaded loop configuration (“loop 400”) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown and designated 400. As defined herein, “reactively-loaded” is meant to mean including an element or component that opposes alternating current, caused by a build up of electric or magnetic fields in the element or component due to the current.Loop 400 may be operably associated with either of the radiatingsections illustrative purposes loop 400 is described in terms of theradiating section 518 associated with themicrowave antenna 512.Loop 400 is constructed by extending aninner conductor 516 a, associated with thecoaxial cable 516 distally past adielectric material 516 b and anouter conductor 516 c. Theinner conductor 516 a is looped around and back toward theouter conductor 516 c of thecoaxial cable 516 such that aradiating section 518 having a generally “loop” like configuration is formed, the significance of which is described in greater detail below. In embodiments,loop 400 includes a diameter that ranges from about 3 mm to about 15 mm.Inner conductor 516 a may have any suitable configuration including but not limited to wire, strip, etc. In the illustrated embodiments,inner conductor 516 a includes a wire configuration having a diameter that ranges from about 0.0010 inches to about 0.0020 inches. In the instance where theinner conductor 516 a includes a strip configuration, the strip may include a width that ranges from about 0.0010 inches to about 0.0020 inches. To optimize electrosurgical energy transfer from thegenerator 200 to themicrowave antenna 512 it is important that an impedance match be present betweencoaxial cable 516, radiatingsection 518 and tissue at a target tissue site. In accordance with the present disclosure, a length of theloop 400 is configured for tuning, i.e., impedance matching, an impedance associated with theinner conductor 516 a,microwave antenna 512 and tissue at a target tissue site such that optimal transfer of electrosurgical energy is provided from thegenerator 200 to theradiating section 518 such that a desired tissue effect is achieved at a target tissue site. - With continued reference to
FIG. 2A , one or more reactive elements or components are operably disposed along a length ofloop 400 associated with theinner conductor 516 a to achieve a desired electrical effect at theradiating section 518. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 2A , one or more coiled sections 402 (one coiled section is shown for illustrative purposes) that serves as an inductive component is formed (or in some instances positioned, such as, for example, when an inductive component is utilized) adjacent a proximal end of theinner conductor 516 a. Thecoiled section 402 may include any number of suitable turns such that a desired voltage may be induced therein by an electromagnetic field present in thecoiled section 402 when electrosurgical energy is transmitted to themicrowave antenna 512 and, more particularly, to theradiating section 518. One or more capacitive components 404 (three capacitive components are shown for illustrative purposes) are operably disposed at distal end of theloop 400 and/orinner conductor 516 a. More particularly,capacitive components 404 are positioned adjacentouter conductor 516 c and/ordielectric material 516 b. Thecapacitive components 404 are in the form of threecapacitor disks 404 that function to provide a capacitive effect at the distal end of theloop 400 when the distal end of theloop 400 is positioned adjacent (or contacts) theouter conductor 516 c and/or thedielectric material 516 b. The inductive andcapacitive components - In the embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 2A , the inductive andcapacitive components capacitive components inner conductor 516 a may be split into two branches forming a parallel configuration, wherein each branch includes a respective reactive component. More particularly, one branch may include one or moreinductive components 402 and one branch may include one or morecapacitive component 404. To achieve desired capacitive or inductive effects at theloop 400 formed by theinner conductor 516 a, a thickness of theinner conductor 516 a may varied (i.e., increased or decreased) as needed. Loading theloop 400 with one or more reactive components described herein enables theradiating section 518 to be shortened or lengthened during the manufacturing process such that a desired electrical effect (e.g., impedance) or output may be achieved at theradiating section 518 and/orconductive tip 524. Additionally, reactive loading of theloop 400 allows for miniaturization of theradiating section 518, which, in turn, provides for a more practicalinvasive microwave antenna 512 and/or radiatingsection 518. - In an alternate embodiment, see
FIG. 3 , theloop 400 may include a spiral loop configuration. In this instance, theloop 400 includes one or morespiral sections 406 that provide one or more reactive effects, e.g., an inductive effect described above. Not unlike theloop 400 illustrated inFIG. 2A , a distal end of thespiral section 406 ofloop 400 and/or theinner conductor 516 a is positioned adjacent (or contacts) theouter conductor 516 c and/or thedielectric material 516 b. While not explicitly shown, it is within the purview of the present disclosure that one or more of the reactive components described above, e.g., aninductive component 402 and/or acapacitive component 404, may be operably disposed within the electrical path of thespiral section 406 of theloop 400. That is, theinductive component 402 and/or acapacitive component 404 may be arranged in series or parallel configurations with respect to each other and/or thespiral section 406 ofloop 400. - In one particular embodiment, one or more structure(s) or device(s) may be employed to concentrate the electrosurgical energy radiating from the radiating
section 518 and/orconductive tip 524 to tissue at a target tissue site. More particularly, and with reference to -
FIG. 4 , a reflector or shield 408 may be operably positioned adjacent and partially wrapped (or in some instances substantially wrapped) around theloop 400, e.g., configuration ofloop 400 illustrated inFIG. 2A (or other suitable configuration of loop 400). More particularly, theshield 408 is operably secured to and disposed at a distal end of thecoaxial cable 516 adjacent theloop 400.Shield 408 may be secured tocoaxial cable 516 by any suitable securement methods including but not limited to soldering, brazing, welding, adhesives, etc. In the illustrated embodiments,shield 408 is secured tocoaxial cable 516 by way of brazing. In certain embodiments, shield 408 may be monolithically formed with the radiatingsection 518. In another embodiment, shield 408 may be grounded or secured to an internal portion of theshaft 520 of themicrowave antenna 512.Shield 408 may be made from any suitable material including but not limited to materials that are conductive, non-conductive or partially conductive. More particularly, shield 408 may be made from metal, metal alloys, plastic, ceramic, etc. In one particular embodiment,shield 408 is made from metal, such as, for example, a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, silver, gold, platinum, stainless steel and titanium. -
Shield 408 is configured to provide enhanced directionality of the radiating pattern of the electrosurgical energy transmitted to theradiating section 518 and/orconductive tip 524. In one particular embodiment, theshield 408 may include a generally hemispherical or clamshell configuration (FIG. 5 ). In another embodiment, theshield 408 may be elongated having a generally triangular cross-section configuration (FIG. 6 ). In either instance, theshield 408 concentrates and/or directs the electrosurgical energy transmitted to theradiating section 518 and/orconductive tip 524 to the target tissue site. Examples of other suitable types of reflectors or shields (and operative components associated therewith) are described in commonly-owned - U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/542,348 and 12/568,524 filed on Aug. 17, 2009 and Sep. 28, 2009, respectively.
- In the embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 1A , the generator is shown operably coupled tofluid supply pump 40. Thesupply pump 40 is, in turn, operably coupled to asupply tank 44. In embodiments, thesupply pump 40 is operatively disposed on thegenerator 200, which allows the generator to control the output of a coolingfluid 42 from thesupply pump 40 to themicrowave antenna 512 according to either open and/or closed control loop schemes. As can be appreciated providing the cooling fluid 42 (seeFIGS. 2A and 3 ) to theradiating section 518 and/or theloop 400 increases the power handling capability of the microwave antenna. - As noted above, in some instances it may prove useful to utilize a microwave antenna (e.g., microwave antenna 100) that includes a
deployable tip 114. In this instance, the deployableconductive tip 114 includes a configuration ofloop 400 proportioned small enough in diameter to facilitate deployment of theconductive tip 114. During a surgical procedure, e.g., ablation procedure, a portion of theloop 400 may be positioned around a tumor or soft tissue. - In certain embodiments, a portion of the microwave antenna may be coated with a non-stick material 140 (see
FIG. 1A , for example), such as, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, commonly referred to and sold under the trademark TEFLON® owned by DuPont™ - In certain embodiments, a dielectric material 517 (see
FIG. 2A , for example) may surround theradiating section 518 and/or theloop 400 and reactive components associated therewith to achieve an impedance match between themicrowave antenna 100 and tissue to emit a radiating pattern from the radiatingsection 518 of themicrowave antenna 512. - Operation of
system 10 is now described with respect toFIGS. 1B and 2 . A portion of the microwave antenna, e.g., aradiating section 518 and/orconductive tip 524, is positioned adjacent tissue at a target tissue site (or in some instances, a portion of themicrowave antenna 512, e.g., a portion ofloop 400, may be wrapped around tissue, e.g., a tumor). In certain instances, a fluid 42 may be circulated through thefluid lumens radiating section 518, seeFIG. 2A , for example. Thereafter, electrosurgical energy is transmitted from thegenerator 200 to theradiating section 518 and/orconductive tip 524 of themicrowave antenna 512 such that a desired tissue effect may be achieved at the target tissue site. In accordance with the present disclosure, theloop 400 improves electrosurgical energy transfer from thegenerator 200 to themicrowave antenna 512 and/or the target tissue site and allows themicrowave antenna 512 or portion associated therewith, e.g., radiatingsection 518 and/orconductive portion 524, to be utilized with more invasive ablation procedures. - From the foregoing and with reference to the various figure drawings, those skilled in the art will appreciate that certain modifications can also be made to the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the same. For example, one or more modules associated with the
generator 200 and/orcontroller 300 may be configured to monitor the reactive elements or components, e.g.,inductive element 402, associated with theloop 400 such that a specific electromagnetic field is generated by the reactive elements or components during the transmission of electrosurgical energy from thegenerator 200 to themicrowave antenna 512. More particularly, one or more sensors (e.g., one or more voltage and current sensors) may be operably positioned at a predetermined location and adjacent theradiating section 518 and/orloop 400. More particularly, the sensor(s) may be operably disposed along a length of theloop 400 and in operative communication with the module(s) associated with thegenerator 200 and/orcontroller 300. The sensor(s) may react to voltage and/or current fluctuations associated with theloop 400 and caused by electromagnetic fields fluctuations generated by one or more of the reactive components, e.g.,inductive element 402, associated with theloop 400. In this instance, the sensor(s) may be configured to trigger a control signal to the module(s) when an electromagnetic field of predetermined strength is generated. When the module(s) detects a control signal, the module may send a command signal to thegenerator 200 and/orcontroller 300 such that the electrosurgical power output to themicrowave antenna 512 may be adjusted accordingly. - While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in the drawings and/or discussed herein, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (21)
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US20140180269A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
US8672933B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 |
US9375276B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
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