US2073788A - Building wall structure - Google Patents

Description

I March 16,1937.

J. C. GARVEY ET AL BUILDING WALL STRUCTURE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 17, 1933 FIGURE 25 INVENTORS. JOHN C. GARVEY ,ADOLIPH AJQCEB LIN ATTORNEY.

March 16, 1937. J. c. GARVEY ET AL 2,073,788

BUILDI'NG WALL STRUCTURE Filed May 17, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS. E Y

ATTORNEY.

FIGURE 7 U Q B v E n Cl f? n flcuRf. 6,

FIGURE 5 TIGUR 4;

JOHN c GARV ADOLPH A. KEEBLIN FIGURE 5 Marh 16, 1937.

J. C. GARVEY ET AL BUILDING WALL STRUCTURE 4 Sheets-$heet 3 Filed May 17, 1933 F IGURE [6.

FIGURE [5.

Q m m E i R mv V u RR m AK F 1 G 4: 7 m W L I Q 9 m Ho n F. 0 D JAM i ,0 AV v 7 m m 1 m n F .R m i u a 0 G. Q 0 1 4%. r1

ATTORNEY.

March-16, 1937. J. c. GARVEY ET AL BUILDING WALL STRUCTURE Filed May 17, 1953 4 Sheets-Shet 4 OR S. Y N

W} cm n l W? Z I I V A V JWV FIGURE 20.

UNETED STATES BUILDING WALL STRUCTURE John C. Garvey and Adolph A. Kreblin, Milwaukee, Wis.

Application May 17, 1933, Serial No. 671,460

1 Claims.

This invention relates to weatherproof building wall structures and to building elements of improved form for producing the same.

Walls of ordinary brick construction, exposed to the Weather, are liable to substantial injury and disfigurement by the entry and penetration of rain and moisture into and through the horizontal and vertical joints between bricks, particuql larly in the case of tall buildings, whose walls are exposed to unusually high wind pressures and severe driving rains. The interior surface of the wall is thusnot only disfigured, but the mortar or other binder between the bricks, attacked by this moisture, loosens and falls away, thereby seriously impairing the strength and durability of the wall. This condition is aggravated by cracks developed in the joints as the result of shrinkage of materials, settling of the building, expansion and contraction due to temperature changes, and other natural causes.

An object of the present invention is to provide a strong, durable, weatherproof wall structure which will afford unusually high and effective resistance to penetration by wind, rain, or the like.

This we accomplish by a system of building elements or blocks of novel and improved form which may be laid rapidly and accurately by ordinary methods and which combine in an improved manner to provide effective barriers against penetration through either the horizontal or vertical joints therebetween.

Other more specific objects and advantages will appear, expressed or implied, from the following description of several wall structures constructed in accordance with the present invention.

In the accompanying drawings:-

Figure l is an isometric view of a wall section composed of building elements embodying the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an isometric View of another section of the same wall.

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional View of another wall section, having a window opening therein,

F and composed of elements shaped like those employed in Figs. land 2.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a double-thickness wall section composed of hollow building block embodying the present invention.

50 Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional View of the upper portion of the wall shown in Fig. 4.

Figs. 6 and '7 are views similar to Figs. 4 and 5, respectively, showing a single thickness Wall section.

55 Figs. 8 to 16, both inclusive, are isometric views of individual building blocks, of which the Walls hereinabove mentioned are composed.

Fig. 17 is an isometric view of a partially completed circular wall structure constructed of longitudinally curved elements embodying the present invention.

Fig. 2181s an isometric view of one of the elements employed in the wall of Fig. 1'7.

Fig. 19 is an isometric view of a modified form t of elements constructed in accordance with the '10 present invention and employed in the wall structure shown in Figs. 20, 21, and 22.

Fig. 20 is a vertical section, Fig. 21 a plan, and Fig. 22 an isometric view of a partially completed hollow wall structure. 15

Fig. 23 is a top plan, and Fig. 24 a vertical section, of interlocking elements of modified form embodying the present invention.

Each of the wall sections shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 comprises a front or outer portion composed of elements in the form of bricks, laid in mortar or like cementitious material in a conventional manner, but specially shaped to interlock and to provide effective weather repellent barriers in both horizontal and vertical joints between the bricks, together with a rear or inner wall portion, composed of larger elements in the form of hollow building blocks of similar interlocking formation, also laid and cemented to-' gether in the usual manner.

In this instance, the front portion of each wall is made up largely of side bricks A, laid horizontally in superposed courses, joined by layers I0 and H of mortar or the like, and arranged so that the vertical joints 1 l of successive courses 35 are staggered or broken, all in accordance with good brick laying practice.

An individual side brick A is shown in detail in Fig. 13. Each is provided on its top face with an elevated portion in the form of a longitudinal 4o rib I2, preferably centrally arranged, which merges at one end in a like vertical rib l3 provided at one end of the brick. Each of these bricks is also provided at its other end with a vertical recess or groove 14 to accommodate the vertical end rib of an adjacent brick, and, at its bottom, with a longitudinal groove IE to accommodate the aligned top ribs of the bricks in the next lower course. Each of the grooves I4 and 15 are of a width somewhat greater than that of its mating rib to accommodate and there'- by preserve the continuity of the layer of mortar between adjacent bricks.

The arrangement is such that, when laid in the manner described, the top longitudinal ribs I2 of aligned bricks in each course provide a substantially continuous shoulder which serves as an effective weather repellent barrier within each horizontal joint I0, and. each end rib I2 provides a'similar barrier within each vertical joint I I.

It will be noted that, when laying the bricks, the mortar or other cementitious material therebetween is compressed between the confining walls of the grooves I4 and I5 and the coacting ribs I3 and I2 so as to compact the same and thereby increase its resistance to penetration by water, moisture, or the like, and to render its interlock within the joint more secure. It will be further noted that this interlocking relation between bricks substantially eliminates a tendency of the bricks to swim, an undesirable tendency so commonly experienced in the laying of ordinary brick, particularly when wet.

Special forms of corner bricks D and E are also preferably employed in producing the wall sections shown in Figs. 1 and 2. These bricks are designed to be laid at right angles with their superposed ends overlapping in the usual manner, and so that each connects the corresponding side brick courses at opposite sides of .the corner. Each is provided on its top with a rib bent at right angles to form a longitudinal portion I 6, disposed to register with the longitudinal rib I2 of an adjacent side brick A of one course, and a transverse portion l1, disposed to register with the longitudinal rib I2 of the adjacent side brick A of the connected coiuse, so as to continue and complete the weather repellent barrier formed by the ribs I2 of each course.

Each of the corner bricks D and E is also provided in its bottom face with a similarly bent groove I8, which parallels the top rib portions I6-I1, and which is of a width to accommodate the top ribs I2, I6 and I! of the bricks in the underlying courses and the layer of mortar therebetween. In the brick D the longitudinal portion I6 of the top rib terminates in a vertical end groove I9 disposed to accommodate the end I3 of an adjacent side brick, and the transverse portion I1 merges into a vertical rib 20 on one side face of the brick positioned to register with an end groove I4 of an adjacent side brick. In the brick E the parts are reversed, the longitudinal portion I 6 of the top rib merging in a vertical end rib 20 and the transverse portion I1 terminating in a vertical groove I9 formed in the side face of the brick.

Although the side bricks A are normally laid horizontally, they may be laid on end to form a soldier course, such as illustrated in the lower part of the wall section of Fig. 1, and when so laid, the aligned end ribs I3 form a barrier for the horizontal joint, the longitudinal ribs l2 constitute barriers for the vertical joints, and the end grooves I4 accommodate the horizontal barrier ribs in the next lower course.

Other special forms of bricks may be conveniently employed, such as the bricks C, which form the rowlock course, shown immediately above the soldier course in the wall section of Fig. 1. These bricks are substantially identical with the bricks A, except they are only half as long. They may be laid on. end, as indicated in Fig. 1, or laid horizontally, as in Figs. 21 and 22, where they are conveniently employed to fill out a side brick course.

Another special brick A" is shown in Fig. 8. This brick is identical with the bricks A, except that it is formed at longitudinal intervals with interstices of crevices 2| arranged parallel to the end faces of the brick and defining planes of cleavage which facilitate breaking of the brick into short lengths, as desired, and maintaining the desired end contour thereof. Such short lengths may be conveniently employed to fill out courses.

Another special brick B, shown in detail in Fig. 16, is designed for use as a bonding or header brick. Many of such bricks are employed in the Walls of Figs. 1, 2 and 3. They are ordinarily laid in horizontal courses, at desired intervals, and serve to securely tie together the front and rear portions of the wall. Each is provided on its top with a transverse rib 22 disposed to register with the bottom groove I5 of a brick A in the next upper course, and on its bottom with a transverse groove 23 disposed to register with a top rib I2 of a brick in the next lower course. As in each of the bricks A, the top rib 22 of each brick l3 merges at one end in a vertical rib 24 and the bottom groove 23 merges at one end in a vertical groove 25.

Another special brick, shown in Fig. 12, is designed for use as an end brick in a double-thickness parapet wall or the like. It is provided with a substantially U-shaped top rib 26, one leg of which terminates in a vertical groove 2'! and the other of which merges into a vertical rib 23. The rib 28 and groove 2'! are formed on one side of the brick, the rib 28 being disposed to register with an end groove I4 of one side brick and the groove 27 with an end rib 13 of another parallel side brick. A U-shaped groove 29, paralleling the rib 26, is formed in the bottom of this brick to accommodate the rib 25 of the next lower brick.

The barrier producing rib formations, thus consistently carried out throughout the system of bricks hereinabove described, also provides a secure anchorage for the individual bricks, thus interlocked, and also provides a secure anchorage for other building units which go to make up an entire structure. Note, for example, the interlocking relation between the upper bricks A and the coping 30, shown in Fig. 3, and between the bricks A and the sill 35. This rib and groove formation is also utilized to advantage in securely anchoring the roof flashing shown at J.

Although the rear or inner wall portion may be variously constructed, the inner portion of each of the wall sections shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is I composed of building blocks of cement or like material of a size larger than the front bricks but provided with a rib and groove formation quite similar to that of the bricks.

All of the building blocks shown are of hollow construction, each being provided with central vertical openings 32 which are vertically tapered in accordance with usual practice. They are laid horizontally in horizontal courses, with vertical joints broken, and bound together by mortar or other cementitious material.

Each of the side blocks A is provided on its top with a central longitudinal rib I2, and on its bottom with a central longitudinal groove L5 to accommodate the aligned ribs I2 of the blocks in the next lower course, the groove I5 being wider than the rib to also accommodate the layer of mortar or other binding material therebetween. The rib I2 merges at one end in a vertical end rib I3 and the bottom groove I5 merges with a vertical end groove I4. Each end rib I3 has a vertical channel 32' formed in the face thereof and disposed to register with a corresponding groove 32 in the end groove I 4 of an adjacent block. Each top rib I2 is preferably somewhat wider than the openings 32 so that the side faces thereof provide unbroken shoulders which combine with the side walls of the bottom groove l5 in the next upper block to confine and compact the mortar therebetween.

Some of the blocks Ab may be formed with a longitudinal recess in the upper portion thereof to receivethe bonding brick B, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 3.

The corner blocks D and E, shown in detail in Figs. 11 and 9, are also ribbed and grooved in a manner similar to the bricks D and E, each having a bent top rib having longitudinal and transverse portions 16 and I1, each of which merges into a vertical rib 20 or groove I9, and also having a bottom groove l8 paralleling the top rib.

The blocks A, D, and E may be employed to advantage in building an exceptionally strong and durable, double-thickness wall, such as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, or single thickness wall, such as shown in Figs. 6 and '7.

In the single thickness wall, the top ribs of the blocks in each course provide a substantially continous weather repellent barrier and interlock with the bottom grooves of the next upper course to securely retain the intervening mortar in place and to thus securely tie the blocks together. A similar weather repellent barrier and interlocking relation is also provided in the vertical joints by the interlocking relation between the end ribs 20 with the end grooves 19 of successive blocks.

In the double thickness wall of Figs. 4 and 5, each alternate course comprises a double course of blocks A laid right side up, and each intermediate course comprises a central course of inverted blocks A and outside courses of half blocks formed by splitting blocks A longitudinally. By this arrangement the inverted blocks in each central intermediate course interlock with and tie together the double row of blocks in the adjacent alternate courses, the longitudinal grooves I8 in the tops of the inverted blocks having received the adjacent longitudinal bottom shoulders L of the double row of blocks in the next upper course. Also the upper longitudinal shoulders K of the half-blocks interlock with the bottom grooves in the double row of blocks in the next upper course. An exceptionally secure weatherproof joint is thus provided between successive courses. Vertical joints of like construction are also obtained as a result of the interlocking relation between the rib and groove formations at the abutting ends of adjacent blocks.

The circular wall, shown in Fig. 17, is composed of blocks F, shown in detail in Fig. 18, which are substantially the same as blocks A except that they are longitudinally curved. These blocks are laid in horizontal courses preferably with broken vertical joints, and each is provided with top and end ribs 12 and I3, and with bottom and. end grooves l5 and M, which coact and interengage in the same manner as the ribs and grooves of blocks A to form secure weatherproof joints. A similar circular wall construction may also be built of longitudinally curved bricks having rib and groove formations like the bricks A.

The wall section shown in Figs. 20, 21 and 22 comprises spaced front and rear wall portions spaced apart to provide an air chamber therebetween. In this instance both portions are formed primarily of side bricks A and corner bricks D and E in a manner, similar to the front portion of the wall sections shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, and

are bound together at intervals by bonding bricks B2 of novel design,

One of the bricks B2 is shown in detail in Fig.

19. It is somewhat similar to the bonding brick B hereinabove described except that it is somewhat longer and is provided at both ends with the characteristic rib and groove formation includingthe transverse top ribs 22, bottom grooves 23, and vertical edge ribs 24 and grooves 25, adapted to interlock'with the other ribbed and grooved bricks in the front and rear wall portions.

The bonding bricks B2 may be variously arranged. In the left hand portion of the wall section, they are shownstaggered. In the right hand portion they are shown arranged in vertically aligned, pairs in alternate courses, the bricks of each pair being horizontally spaced by intermediate half-length bricks C. When thus arranged, a column Q of cement may be provided projecting through the rectangular spaces thus formed by and between those bricks, to thereby further strengthen and rigidify the wall. This column may contain appropriate reinforcing rods R.

The use of the rib and groove formations hereinabove described results in a wall structure which is truly weatherproof in the sense that it is highly resistant to penetration by the weather and in the additional sense that it is unusually durable as against weather attacks. Furthermore the grooves not only provide a secure interlock between the elements or blocks and the interposed mortar but also may be advantageously utilized to receive appropriate reinforcing steel, such as shown at R in Figs. 17, 20, 21 and 22, to strengthen structure.

The elements shown in Figs. 23 and 24 are provided with rib and groove formations similar to those hereinabove described. In this instance, however, the top and end ribs 12 and i3", and bottom and end grooves l5 and M", are all undercut to provide a flaring, dovetail, interlocking design. Each groove is wider than its mating rib to freely admit the rib and the layer of mortar therebetween, but when the mortar has set, it provides a rigid key which coacts with the undercut surfaces to securely lock the blocks against separation.

Various changes may be made in any of the several embodiments of the invention hereinabove specifically described without departing from or sacrificing the invention as defined in the appended claims.

We claim:

l. A weatherproof building wall structure having inner and outer portions, said outer portion comprising a multiplicity of elements laid end to end in superposed courses with layers of binding material therebetween, each of said elements having an intermediate shoulder extending longitudinal of its top face, and another coplanar shoulder extending vertically across an end face thereof, each of said elements also having a longitudinal recess in its bottom face to accommodate both the longitudinal shoulder of the next lower element and the layer of binding material therebetween, each of said elements also having a vertical recess in its other end face to accommodate both the end shoulder of an adjacent element and the layer of binding material therebetween, said several shoulders combining to produce weather repellent barriers within the horizontal and vertical joints between said elements, and bonding elements engaged with both of said wall portions to permanently connect the same.

2. A weatherproof building wall structure having inner and outer portions, said outer portion comprising a multiplicity of bricks laid end to end in superposed courses with layers of binding material therebetween, each of said bricks having an intermediate shoulder extending longitudinally of its top face, and another coplanar shoulder extending vertically across an end face thereof, each of said bricks also having a longitudinal recess in its bottom face to accommodate both the longitudinal shoulder of the next lower brick and the layer of binding material therebetween, each of said bricks also having a vertical recess in its other end face to accommodate both the end shoulder of an adjacent brick and the layer of binding material therebetween, said several shoulders combining to produce weather repellent barriers within the horizontal and vertical joints between said bricks, and bonding bricks each having adjacent one end correspondingly arranged shoulders and recesses for coaction with those of said first named bricks and each being engaged at its opposite end within said inner wall portion to secure said wall portions together.

3. A weatherproof building wall structure comprising a multiplicity of elements laid end to end in superposed courses with layers of binding material therebetween, each of said elements having on its top a substantially central uninterrupted longitudinal rib and at one end a vertical rib merging with said first named rib, each of said elements also having on its bottom a substantially central uninterrupted longitudinal groove wider than said first named ribs to accommodate both the rib of the next lower element and the layer of binding material therebetween, and each of said elements also having on its other end a vertical groove wider than said end rib to accommodate both the end rib of the next adjacent element and the layer of binding material therebetween, said several ribs combining to produce continuous weather repellent barriers throughout the horizontal and vertical joints between said elements.

4. A weatherproof building wall including a corner structure, said wall comprising block-like side wall elements laid in superposed side wall courses and having longitudinal top ribs aligned to form weather repellent barriers between courses, said elements also having bottom recesses to accommodate the top ribs of the elements in the next lower course, block-like corner elements connecting corresponding side wall courses and having their ends superposed in overlapping relation, said corner elements having bent top ribs connecting and completing the weather repellent barriers of the corresponding side wall courses, and said corner elements also having bottom recesses to accommodate the top ribs of the elements therebeneath, said several recesses being wider than said ribs to also accommodate a layer of binding material therebetween.

JOHN C. GARVEY. ADOLPH A. KREBLIN.

Images