US2104988A - Anesthetizing machine - Google Patents

Description

J. A. HEIDBRINK ANESTHETIZING MACHINE Jan. 11, 1938.

Filed May 4, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Gas Deliver'l'n a Machine Jamll, 1938.

J.'A. HEIDBRINK ANESTHETIZING MACHINE Filed May 4, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 .r. w 0K in M n r We 0 n H. Imww K K3 Pia-5 .Farg. 11, 1938. J. A. HEIDBRINK ANESTHETIZING MACHINE Filed May 4, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 MW R'ttor-neys B5 ww- Patented Jan. 11, 1938 UNITED "STATES PATENT OFFICE 7 Claims.

My invention relates to anesthetizing machines and has for its object to provide certain improved and advantageous features for thattype of gasadministering machine in which mixtures of gases 1 may be supplied to the patient and wherein at the will of the anesthetist ether vapor may be added to the mixture of gases. The aforesaid improvements are applied to a gas-administering machine in which there is a closed circuit, that is where the exhaled gases go through absorber mechanism to remove excess carbon dioxide therefrom and pass to the rebreathing bag and thence back to the inhale side and to the inhaler back to the patient, going through the ether vaporizer on the way.

Great advantages follow an arrangement of flow such that the exhaled gases pass through the ether vaporizer, since such gases are warm and are not'unreasonably cooled by the evaporation of ether into the circuit. It has been found, however, that passing the exhaled gases through the ether vaporizer has a tendency to condense moisture carried by the exhalations'from the patient and dilute the ether. This has a double disadvantage since the anesthetist determines the amount of ether from the liquid seen through the glass ether container, and, further, since ether diluted with Water will not have the same capacity for giving 01f its anesthetizing vapors that the normal pure ether will have. From the fact that both the ether and the Water vapor are colorless the anesthetist will have no way of determining with a sufiicient degree of accuracy whether the supply of ether in its container is pure ether or diluted with condensed water.

I have discovered that the advantages of keeping the ether vaporizer on the exhale side of the closed breathing circuit can be retained and the aforesaid difficulty of diluting the ether in its container be avoided by Passing the exhaled gases first through the absorber mechanism, which not only will remove the carbon dioxide therefrom but enough of the excess water vapor carried by it will also be removed so there will be little or no condensation of such water vapor in the ether container.

It is a principal object of my invention, therefore, to provide means in a closed breathing circuit for causing exhaled gases to pass first through absorber mechanism and then, where employment of ether is desired, through an ether vaporizer to the rebreathing bag and the inhale side of the breathing circuit.

It is a further object of my invention to provide in combination with the aforesaid means for controlling the flow of exhaled gases, a plurality of containers for soda lime or other carbon dioxide absorber material secured in the apparatus in such manner as readily to be removed for refilling or change of soda lime while another soda lime chamber may continue to be in use.

Other objects of the invention are to improve an anesthetizing apparatus having the features above defined so as to greatly increase its simplicity and the ease and efiicacy of its operation.

The full objects and advantages of my invention will appear in connection with the detailed description thereof, and its novel features are particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, illustrating an application of my invention in one form,-

Fig. 1 is a plan view of anesthetizing apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 5. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view taken on line 33 of Fig. 5. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary part sectional elevation view takenon line 4-4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation view taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a sectional plan view taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 5. Fig.7 is a sectional elevation view taken on line 'l'! of Fig. 2. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of my machine with some parts broken away and in section. Fig. 9 is a sectional plan view on line 99 of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a sectional plan view taken on line l0l 0 of Figs. 5 and. 8.

As clearly shown in Fig. l, a conduit ll leads to a gas-delivering machine wherein a mixture of anesthetizing gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen is formed-and delivered to the patient. From the conduit H a conduit, l2 leads to a valve chamber l3 above the inhale valve 14 of Fig. 8 and to inhale outlet I5 and inhale tubing Hi, from where it goes through inhaler valve mechanism IT to the inhaler mask l8. From the inhaler mask l8 gas passes through the valve mechanism I! to exhale tubing l9 to conduit 20, from which it goes to exhale valve chamber 2| below the valve disc 22 of Fig. 5. As shown in Figs. 5 and 8, mechanism is provided to close 01f the exhale valve 22 so that exhalations may go to atmosphere at the inhaler valve H but at the same time so as to provide safety escape against building up of excess pressure in the lungs of the patient. This is effected by means of a pressure plate 26 held to move freely on stem 21 by means of a coil spring 28 around said stem. The stem 21 is connected at 29 with a rockshaft 30 adapted to be operated by a finger lever 3| whereby the pressure plate 26 is brought in contact with the valve disc 22, which is thereby held time forms a housing for valve mechanism hereinafter described, .a' gas passageway .for. exhale gases and. a support for the soda lime containers 35 and 36. 51:1

My novel manner of forming and supportin these containers in gas-tight relation with the valve chambers 33 and 33a (for the lower part thereof) will now need to be described.

The casing member 34 carries upperand lower' sets of tubular bosses 31, 38, Fig. 5, which, as shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 10 are formed with the members of each pair extending at right'angles to each other as indicated at-38 and 38 of Figs.

Centrally mounted on vertical pins 39 carried in ears 40 2, and 3, and. at 31, '31 of Fig. 10.

on casing 34 are rods 4| 42, Figs. 2 and 5, which are positioned midway between bosses 31, 38 and 31', 38' respectively, and which are thus adapted for swinging movement in a horizontal plane.

These respective rods extend through tubular passageways 43 and 44', Figs. 2, 5 and 10, which extend across the bodies of the soda lime containers 35 and 36 and are sealed from the interiors thereof; The containers 35 'and' 36, as clearly shown in Fig. 5, embody upper and lower cylin-L drical apertured members 45 and 46," respectively, which are formed with annular seats'provided with gaskets 41 and. The swingingpins 4-l and 42 have threaded ends 49 adapted to extend outside of the bodies of containers 35"and 36. Upon these threaded ends 49 are screwed knurled thumb nuts 50, 5|. By these means the containers35 and 36 aresecurely' held locked ingas-: tight relation to the tubular bosses 131.38 of casing 34.

Extending through valve'chamber 33- within casing 34 is a valve-stein 52 upon which are mounted to rotate therewith upper and ' lower cup valves 53 and 54. The cup valve' 53 'isformed with an open top and a'bottomwall 55' which is imperforate except for a segment port 56 and which bottom rests on a partition 51 having a segment port 58-of the same shape and extent as the segment port 56 in cup valve 53. The cup valve 541s also open at the top and has an imperforate bottom wall 59. As clearly shown in Fig. 10,'the valve cup 53 is provided with an upper circular port 60 adaptedto registerpartly with one or the other of the openings in tubular bosses 31 and 31 or with both of them in greater or less relative proportions. As shown in Figs. 3 and 5, the bottom cup valve 54 is similarly provided with a circular port 6| which may open to either of lower tubular bosses 38 or 38' or to both at the same time in desired relative proportions. The openings or ports 60 and 6| are in alinement so that the degree of opening of each into containers 35 or 36, or'both of them, will be in the same proportional amount. The containers 35 and 36 are provided with screens 63 over the respective seat rings 45,- and also with screens 64 across the bottoms-ofthe containers above the cylindrical contact members and openings 46, and are also provided with screw caps 65 by which the containers may befopened and closed. It follows that either of thecontaim 2,104,988 ill i ers 35 or 36 may be simply and readily withdrawn for refilling while the other container is in use, in which case of course the ports 68 and 6| are in full register with the openings through tubular bosses 31 and 38.

Upon the casing 34, angularly disposed in reference to bosses 31, 38, is a third boss 66 to which, by means of a boss 61 on head casing 68, and a union nut 69, is secured said head casing 68 of an ether vaporizer. The passageway through tubular bosses 66 and 61 opens through port 16, Fig. 7, into valve chamber II in casing 68. A

. second port 12 leads from said valve chamber H to a tubular member 13, Figs. 2 and 8, which in "*turnopefis" into tubular standard 14 having at itsdower endrebreathing bag 15 and opening at its upper end into valve casing l3 below valve ber II a gas outlet chamber 11 which may be in communication with chamber through a port 18, Fig. 7. The bottom of chamber His in communication with an elongated passageway 19 which extends'into the space within ether jar 80 and has secured thereabout a removable tube 8| opening through a slot 82 to the interior of a cylindrical vaporizer 83 carried by member 8| and-formed with a multiplicity of vertical cords held between top and bottom plates 84 and 85, as shown in Fig. 7. with a port 86 through its bottom and into the space within ether container 80. Valves 81 and 88 are adapted to engage valve seats at the upper edges of passageways 86 and 19 to shut these passageways when ether is'not desired. A second valve 89 is secured to the same stem as valve rounding opening .18 to cut off all direct flow of gas from port 10 to port 12 and cause all gas to pass through the ether vaporizer when that is desired.- These valves are controlled by the rotary member to which is secured a handle 9| by means of which the valve members 81, 88 and 89*are operated. With these valves so operated all of the exhalation gas may go directly without passing into the ether vaporizer at all or all of the'gases may go through the ether vaporizer or part'of said exhalation gases may go directly and part go through the ether vaporizer. In passing through the ether vaporizer some pressure will be exercised upon the flexible cords forming the vaporizer member 83 tending to pushthose cords together and form not only a vaporizer member, but an excellent strainer member to eliminate any dust or other extraneous matter which may come through from the absorber material in the containers 35 and 36 through which, where absorption is employed, the exhalation gases must pass first before going to the ether vaporizer. The specific arrangement of control of gases in the ether vaporizer and of the vaporizing member are not claimed in this application, but form the subject-matter of my'copending applications Serial Numbers 37,499 and 59,578.' By means of a handle 92 on vertical shaft 52 and pointers 93, 94 movable therewith and cooperating with a scale 95, Fig. 1; the valve members 53, 54 may be properly adju'sted to deliver the exhaled gases either directly to the ether vaporizer or' (the usual manner of operation), first, through one or the other, or fractionally through both simultaneously of absorber containers 35, 36. The ether in sufiicient quantitiesis readily introduced into the container jar- 86 through a filler funnel 96, Fig. 8,

The chamber H is provided opening through an aperture 91, Fig. 2, into the chamber ll.

The advantages of my invention will be apparent from the foregoing description thereof. The containers for absorber material such as soda lime are connected in'the system by simple and efficient means which provide for instant and easy removal of either container. while the other container is being filled, so that the operation of filling or renewing one container may go on while the apparatus is in use. Always, where the absorber material is used, the exhaled gases will pass through the absorber material before going to the ether vaporizer, with the result that water carried in the exhaled gases which might be condensed in the ether vaporizer will be taken out before such exhaled gases reach the ether vaporizer and dilution of the ether therein will be avoided.

I claim:

1. In an anesthetizing machine embodying a closed breathing line and a pair of containers of absorber material, a vertical passageway in said breathing line including valve mechanism to cause the exhaled gases to pass through one or the other or simultaneously through both of said containers, a second vertical passageway having an inhale check valve at one end and a rebreathing bag at the other, and an ether vaporizer in said breathing line connected with both said vertical passageways, whereby exhale gases will pass to the rebreathing bag on the inhale side of the breathing line through one or both of said containers first and thereafter through the ether vaporizer.

2. In an anesthetizing machine embodying a closed breathing line, a vertical valve chamber in the exhale side of said line having upper and lower openings thereinto provided with surrounding circular seats, a container for'absorber material having'similar and similarly-positioned openings and seats, and means for removably clamping the seats of the container to the seats of the valve chamber to make a gas-tight union of the container with said valve chamber.

3. In an anesthetizing machine embodying a closed breathing line, a vertical valve chamber in the exhale side of said line having upper and lower openings thereinto provided with surrounding circular seats, a container for absorber material having similar and similarly-positioned openings and seats, a swinging pin connected with the valve chamber, a passageway through the container adapted to receive said pin, and removable means on said pin for clamping the seats of the container to the seats of the valve chamber to make a gas-tight union of the container with said valve chamber.

4. In an anesthetizing machine embodying a closed breathing line, a vertical valve chamber on the exhale side of said line having a plurality of similarly-positioned upper and lower openings thereinto each provided with surrounding circular seats, a corresponding number of containers for absorber material having similar and similarlypositioned openings and seats, and means for removably clamping the seats of each container to the sets of seats to the valve chamber to make gas-tight union of the containers with said valve chamber.

5. In an anesthetizing machine embodying a closed breathing line, a vertical valve chamber in the exhale side of said line having upper and lower openings thereinto provided with surrounding circular seats, a container for absorber material having similar and similarly-positioned openings and seats, means for removably clamping the seats of the container to the seats of the valve chamber to make a gas-tight union of the container with said valve chamber, and valve means in the valve chamber for controlling flow of exhaled gases through said openings and the absorber material in the container.

6. In an anesthetizing machine emboding a closed breathing line, a vertical valve chamber on the exhale side of said line having a plurality of similarly-positioned upper and lower openings thereinto each provided with surrounding circular seats, a corresponding number of containers for absorber material having similar and similarly-positioned openings and seats, means for removably clamping the seats of each container to the sets of seats to the valve chamber to make gas-tight union of the containers with said valve chamber, and means in the valve chamber for controlling fiow of exhaled gases through either or both said sets of openings and the absorber material in either or both said containers.

'7. In an anesthetizing machine embodying a closed breathing line and a container of absorber material, a vertical passageway in said breathing line including valve mechanism to cause the exhaled gases to pass through said container, to go directly past said containen'or to pass partly through said container and go partly directly, a second vertical passageway having an inhale check valve at oneend and a rebreathing bag at the other, and an ether vaporizer in said breathing line connected with both said vertical passageways whereby exhaled gases will pass to the rebreathing bag on the inhale side of the breathing line all or part through said container first and thereafter through the ether vaporizer.

JAY A. HEIDBRJNK.

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