US2132618A - Press - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 11, 1938.

R. H. HILL PRESS Filed May 29, 1936 I fife/ 22g.

lfatented on. 11, was

' UNITED STATE s PATENT orrlca PRESS Robert a. mu, Elgln, 111., assignor to J. E. Taylor, doing businesses Taylor Engineering Com- Application Ma 29, 1930, Serial No. 82,503

This invention relates" to presses and more particularly to presses for compacting into solid blocks carbon dioxide solidified upon expansion of liquid carbon dioxide.

of liquid carbon dioxide but in this form it is not suitable for most commercial and other usages wherefore this snowlike solid is compacted into solid blocks, and such solid blocks are often divided into smaller blocks to facilitate handllnx and usage of solidified carbon dioxide.

Heretoiore it has been difllcuit to compact snowlike solidified carbon dioxide .into uniform blocks because of, among other things, the

structural characteristics of the chamber whereliquid carbon dioxide is expanded and to compact the snowlilre solidified carbon dioxide in such chamber; to prevent escape 01 carbon dioxide gas during expansion of liquid carbon dioxide; and .to open the chamber to the atmosphere dur ing compacting oi the snowlike solidified carbon dioxide.

Still further objects are to lnsure proper distribution of the applied pressure duringthe compacting of snowlike solidified carbon dioxide; to facilitate extraction of the solid blocks produced by compactingsnowlike solidified carbon dioxide; to open a gas escapement valve upon closure of the chamber in whichliquid carbon dioxide is expanded and to close such valve prior to the compacting of the-snowlike solidified carbon .dioxide collected in the chamber when liquid carbon dioxide is expanded therein; and to provide a novel apparatus of simple and economical construction and eificient and positive operation for collecting and compacting snowlike solidified carbon dioxide.

A selected embodiment of my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing wherein Fig. 1 is a side elevational view;

- Fig. 2 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken substantiallyonthe line 2-2 on Fig. l and showing certain oi" the elements inone of the operative positions thereof; l

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 and showing certain of the elements. in still another operative position;

Fig. .4 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially on the line 4-4 on Fig. 3; and

Fig.- 5 is a top plan view.

A snowlike solid is produced uponexpanslon (c1. Bit- 121) i In the form of my nova apparatus illustrated in the accompanying drawing I provide a pair a the tie'plates of square tie plates 6 and I. A sleeve as 8 extends between corresponding corners of the tie plates and a belt as 9 is passed therethrough whereby nuts as ll may be tightened down onto to thereby securely clamp the tie plates against the ends of the sleeves in An arrangement such as this is provided at each corner of the tie plates whereby the tie plates are securely connected together.

A medially located square opening II is provided in the plate 6 and a square cylinder l2 has the lower end rested on the upper surface of the plate I about the opening ll whereby the opening in the cylinder I2 isaligned with he opening II. A head I! rests on the upper en of the cylinder I2 and closes the opening therein. ll is clamped against the cylinder l2 and the cylinder I2 is in turn clamped against the plate 6 by tierodsas ll.

A manually operated inlet valve I5 is mounted in the head I! and a supply pipe i6 is connected thereto. An outlet valve I1 is also mounted in the head I! and includes a plunger l8. One end of a lever l9 bears on the outer free end of the plunger It. The upper end of a push rod is engageable with the other end of the lever is. The push rod 20 is passed through aligned'openings 2| and 22 respectively provided in the head It and tie plate 8 whereby the lower end of said push rod is extended below the tie plate 8. A collar 23 on the push rod 20 limits the extent thereof below said tie plate 6, this collar engaging the upper surface of the head l3. An outlet pipe 2! leads from the outlet valve H. A liner L is provided for the opening in the cylinder l2 and the opening i i. The inner suriaces of the liner L are tapered in a manner and for a purpose explained more fully hereinafter.

Ahead tie plate I by tie rods 3| extended trolling flow therethrough.

The liner L in' cooperation with the head i3 and with elements explained more i'ully'hereinafter provides a chamber C and the valves 15 and i1 open into the upper. end of this chamber.

A medially located, cylindrical opening 25 is The head provided in the tie plate I through which a piston 2B is extended. A iollower 21 is secured to the lower end oi'the piston 26 and rides on the walls of a cylinder 28, the upper end of which is fitted in a groove 29 in the lower face of the tie plate I in spaced relation with the opening 25.

cylinder cylinder, and the cylinder iscIamped against the between said head and-tie plates A supply pipe 32 opens into 39 is provided'in the lower end of the 28 and this head is clamped against the the cylinder 28 through the head 30 below the;

follower 21 and-has a valve ".therein for con- Another supply pipe 24 also having a. valve (not shown) therein opens into the cylinder 28 near the top thereof to admit fluid into the cylinder 28 about the piston 28 and above the follower 21, suitable packing generally indicated by 38 being provided about the 5 piston 28.1n the opening 28 to prevent escapement past the piston of fluid admitted into the chamber 28 above the follower 21. Rings 38 .or other packing means are provided on the periphery of the follower 21 to prevent leakage thereby.

A piston head 31 is provided at the top of the piston 28. This piston head 31 is. shaped complementary to the liner L but the faces of the head 31 are adapted to be spaced from the adjacent faces of the liner L even when the piston head 31 is moved upinto the chamber C, the taper on said liner being such that the chamber is smaller at its upper end than at its lower end through which the piston head 31 enters said chamber. A sealing head generally indicated by 38 is provided which, in cooperation with the piston head 31, is adapted to close the lower end of the chamber C. A gasket 38 is mounted onv the upper side of the head 38 and is adapted to engage the lower surface of the tie plate 8 at the margins of the opening H. A tapered socket 40 is provided in the upper surface of the head 38 about the medially located opening 4i therein through which the piston 28 is extended. The lower outer marginal edges of the head 31, indi- 30 cated by 42, are tapered complementary to the socket and a gasket 43 is provided between the faces of the socket 48 and the adjacent edges 42. This gasket 43, in' cooperation with the gasket 38, provides a gas-tight seal at the 5 lower end of-the'chamber C when the head 38 is held in clamping relation with the tie plate 8.

Acollar 44 is provided on the piston 28 immediately below the piston head 31 and shoulders as 48 are provided on the outer faces of this 40 collar 44; Pockets as 48 are provided in the head 38 andlatch dogs as 41 are slidably mounted in the pockets- 48. Springs as 48 extend into bores in the latch dogs 41 and engage heads as 48 and these springs force the latch dogs 41 into 45 engagement with the shoulders 48 whereby the head 38 is latched to the piston 28.

Pockets as 88 extend into the head 38 from the lower surface thereof andbufler springs M are mounted in these pockets and extend beyond the,

50 lower face of the head 38. Packing, generally indicated by 82, is provided-in the opening 4| about the piston 28 to prevent leakage past the piston.

w'Asbest illustrated in Fig. 4, foraminated discs 53 and 84 are provided in the lower wall of the head l3, said discs and the valves l8 and l1 'being disposed in said head l3 to open into the ehamber C. The foraminated discs ,83 and 84 close open ends of a passage 88 that extends transversely across the head I 3. A valve 88 opens into the passage 88 and a supply pipe 81 leads to this valve from asource of fluid under high pressure. A K, v Normally the follower 21 is positioned near ther bottom of the cylinder 28 and the head 38 is latched to the piston 28 and the buifer springs 8| rest on the upper surface of the tie plate 1, the elements being shown in ,this position in Fig; 1. When, however, the valve 3: is opened' and fluid under high pressure is admitted into v the cylinder 28 belowthe follower 21, said follower and therefore'the piston 28 is forced up.-

wardly through the cylinder 28. The pipe 33 p 78 leads to ,a source of liquid underhigh pressure and the follower 21 and cylinder 28 providean hydraulic press.

At the initiation. of an operation liquid at --a predetermined pressure is admitted into the cylinder 28 below the follower 21 to cause the follower 21 and piston 28 to rise, and this liquid is admitted until the head 38 is in clamping relation with the lower surface of the tie plate 8 whereupon admission of further liquid into the cylinder 28 is interrupted but the predetermined pressure is maintained on the liquid which has been admitted into the cylinder. At the end ,of this phase of. the operation the elements are disposed as shown in Fig. 2 and when in this position the gaskets 28 and 43 afford ages-tight seal at the lower end of the chamber C.

The lower end of the push rod 28 is normally disposed in the position shown in Fig. l and therefore Just prior to the time the head 38 attains the position shown in Fig. 2 said head engages the push rod .28 which is therefore forced upwardly and acts on the lever l8 to so pivot the lever that the plunger I8 of the valve I1 is forced downwardly wherefore the valve I1 is opened.

The pipe l8 leads to a source of liquid carbon dioxide. Thus, when the parts are positioned, as Just described, the valve I 8 is opened and liquid carbon dioxide at proper pressure flows into the chamber C where it expands. Part of the expanded carbon dioxide solidifies and is collected in the chamber C. That part of the carbon dioxide which does not solidify passes out of the chamber through the open valve l1 as a gas and flows through the pipe 24 to suitable gas collecting means. The valve I8 is permitted to remain open until a predetermined quantity of snowlike solidified carbon dioxide is collected in the chamber C above the piston head 31, and when the desired amount of solidified carbon dioxide has been collected the valve I8 is closed.

Then the pressure of liquid admitted through the pipe 32 is raised above the predetermined pressure which has maintained the head 38 in sealing position and additional liquid is admitted into the cylinder 28 whereupon the follower 21 and piston 28 are forced up into. the chamber C. The springs 48 which maintain the latch dogs 41 in engagement with the shoulders 48 exert suflicient pressure on the latch dogs to prevent disengagement or the latch dogs from the shoulders 48 by the aforesaid predetermined pressure. when, however, the liquid pressure is raised and the follower 21 is forced upwardly to cause the piston head "to rise in the chamber 0, the pressure exerted by the, springs 48 .is overcome whereupon the shoulders 48 move from engagement with the latch dogs 41 and the head 38 is unlatched from thepiston 28. The head, then descends into. its initial position, the buffer springs 8| absorbing the shock incident to the descent of the head 38. Suitable means may be provided to force the head to descend but preferably the weight ofsaid-head is .suiiicient to cause itto descend when it is unlatched from the piston 28.

When the head 38 is thus unlatched and descends into its normal position, as in, Figs. 1 and 3, the push rod 28, being no longer held in raised position by the head 38, also descends into its normal position, as in Fig. l, whereupon the 70 valve I1 is closed by'its spring.

As soonas the head 38 descends, the gasket 38 disengages the lower surface of the tie'plate 8 and the gasket 43 disengages the edges 42.

- to the atmosphere is afforded past the faces of said head whereby as said head 31 ascends in the chamber C and presses the snowlike solidified carbon dioxide into the solid blockagainst the head 13 any gas remaining in the chamber C escapes to the atmosphere past said head 31.

Inasmuch as the liner L is so tapered that the chamber C is larger adjacent the head 31 than at the other end thereof, the pressure impressed by the head 31 on the'carbon dioxide causes the solidified carbon dioxide to be firmly compacted especially at the smaller end thereof adjacent the head I3 and therefore compacting of the snowlike solidified carbon dioxide into a solid uniform block is insured. v

The taper of the liner L also facilitates removal of the solid block into which the snowlike solidified carbon dioxide is compacted by the ascent of the head 31 for after the head has been moved into a position like that shown in Fig. 3, which results in compacting the solidified carbon dioxide into a solid uniform block, the application of further pressure through the pipe 32 into. the cylinder 23 is interrupted and means controlling flow through the pipe 33 are opened whereby fluid pressure is applied on the upper side of the follower 21 which thereupon starts to descend and therefore the head 31 starts to descend. At this time the valve 56 is opened whereupon fluid at high pressure, such as air or carbon dioxide, is admitted into the passage 55,

and this high pressure fluid passes through the foraminated discs 53 and 54 wherefore pressure is applied to the upper side of the block of compacted solidified carbon dioxide, and this pressure is sufllcient, in cooperation with the taper oi the liner L, to loosen the block from the liner and thereforethe block descends with the head 31 which is returned to the position shown in Fig. 1.

When the head 31 attains the position shown in Fig. 1 the block of compacted solidified carbon dioxide may be removed therefrom between the 3 oxide which does not convert into a solid may.

bolts 3. At this time the elements will have been returned to the posltion'shown in Fig. 1 and the above described operation may be repeated.

It will be manifest from the foregoing description that I have provided a press including a chamber wherein carbon dioxide may be expanded to thereby afford a supply 'of snowlike 'Solidified carbon dioxide. Any of the carbon dibe withdrawn so as to prevent collection thereof in the chamber in which the expansion is effected. I have so arranged the press that the expansion may be carried out in a gas-tight chamber and alsoso that when a desired amount of solidifiedcarbon dioxide has been collected in thechamber, the chamber may be opened to the atmosphere so that when pressure is applied to compact the snowlike' solidified carbon dioxide into a solid block any gas remaining in the chambermayescape freely.

I have so shaped the chamber that the compacting pressure will be so distributed that the snowllke solidified carbon dioxide will be compa'cted into a uniform, solid block and furthermore the shape of this chamber is such that removal of the solid block from the chamber is facilitated. The taper of the chamber wall need not. be extended throughout the extent thereof ply the pressure thereto whereby removal of the block from the chamber is further facilitated.

It will be apparent that I am enabled to ac complish the foregoing by providing a head and enabling this head to be latched to, the pressure applying means in such a way that upon the Thus while I' have illustrated and described a I r preferredform of my invention it is to be understood that this is capable o'f'variation and modification and I therefore do not wish to be limited to the precise detailsset forth but desire to avail myself of such changes and alterations as fall within the scope of the following claims. I

I claim:

1. Apparatus of the character described, in-

eluding a chamber having a normally open end, means forsupplying a volatile fluid to the chamber for expansion therein to afford an accumulation of solid in the chamber, movable means for closing the normally open end of said chamber and for'compressing the solid accumulated in the chamber into a compact form, and means for operatingsaid movable means to seal the normally open end of said chamber during accumulation of the solid in said chamber and to subsequently' unseal the normally open end of said chamber and compress the accumulated solid, the unsealing of the normally open end of said chamber permitting any unsolidifled gas remaining inthe chamber to pass therefrom through the said normally open end of the same during the compressing of the accumulated solid into compact form. p a

2. Apparatus of the character described, in-

eluding a chamber having a normally open end,

means for supplying a volatile liquid to the chamber for expansion therein to afford an accumulation of solid in the chamber, movable means including separable parts for closing the normally open end of said chamber and for compressing the solid accumulated in the chamber Y into a compact form, and means for operating said movable means to position said parts so as to close the normally open end of said chamber during accumulation of solid therein and to subsequently effect separation of said parts so as to unseal the normally open end of said chamber and, compress the accumulated solid, the unsealing of the normally'open end of said chamber permitting any unsolidified gas remaining in the chamber to pass' therefrom through the said normally open end of the same during the compressing of the accumulated solid into compact form.

' 3. Apparatus of the character described, including-a chamber having a normally open end, means for supplying a volatile fluid to the chamber for expansion therein to afford an accumulation of solid in the chamber, movable means including separableparts for closing the normally open end of said chamber and for compressing the solid accumulated in the chamber into a compact form, means for latching the separable parts of said movable means together, and means for moving the latched separable parts as a unit into position to close the normally open end of said chamber during the accumulation of the solid therein and to subsequently move one of said parts relative to the other whereby the latching means is released and said parts are separated to thereby unseal the normally open end of said chamber and compress the accumulated ber for expansion therein to afford an accumulation of solid in the chamber, movable means including separable parts for closing the normally open end of said chamber and. for compressing the solid accumulated in the chamber into a compact form, and pressure operated means for moving the separable parts of said movable means, said pressure operated means moving said separable parts as a unit upon the application of a predetermined pressure into position to close the normally open end of said chamber during the accumulation of solid therein, said .pressure operated means moving one of said parts relative to theother upon the application of a pressure higher than the predetermined pressure to thereby unseal the normally open end of said chamber' and compress the accumulated solid, the unsealing of the normally open end of said chamber permitting any unsolidifled gas remaining in the chamber to pass therefrom through said normally open end during the compressing of the accumulated solid into compact form. n

5. In a device of the character described, the combination of a chamber having a closed end and a normally open end, means for supplying a volatile fluid to the chamber for expansion therein to afford an accumulation of solid in the chamber, and a piston movable through said chamber from the normally open end thereof toward the closed end of the same to compress the solid accumulated in the chamber at the closed end thereof, said chamber being larger in diameter at the normally open erir'i, thereof than at the closed end of the same the compressed solid may be withdrawn from the said chamber,

by way of the said larger end thereof after the operation of compressing thesame.

6. Apparatus of the character described, including a chamber having a closed end and a normally open end, said chamber having the wall thereof tapered whereby the chamber is smaller at the closed end than at the open end thereof, means for supplying a volatile fluid to the chamber for expansion therein to afford an accumulation .of solid in the chamber, and a piston movable through said chamber fromthe normally open end thereof toward the closed end ofthe sameto compress the solid accumulated .in the chamber at the smaller end thereof, said piston being spaced from the wall of said'chamber to permit escape of unsolidifled gas remainopen end thereof, means for supplying a. volatile fluid to the chamber for expansion therein to afford an accumulation of solid in the chamber, a piston movable through said chamber from the normally open end thereof toward the closed end of the same to compress the solid accumulated in the chamber at the smaller end thereof, said piston being spaced from the wall of said chamber to permit escape of unsolidifled gas remaining in said chamber during the compressing of the accumulated solid, closing means co: operating with the piston to close the normally open end of said chamber during the accumulation of the solid in the chamber, and meanszfor releasably latching the closing means to the piston, said latching means releasing said closing means from the piston upon movement of the piston toward the closed end of said chamber to thereby unseal the normally open end of said chamber during the compressing of the accumulated solid.

8. Apparatus of the character described, in cluding a chamber having a normally open end, means for supplying avolatile fluid to the chamher for expansion therein to afford an accumulation of solid in the chamber, normally closed valve means through which unsolidified gas may pass from said chamber, movable means for closing the normally open end of said chamber and for compressing the solid accumulated in the chamber into a compact form, means for operating said movable means to close the normally open end of said chamber during accumulation of the'solid in said chamber and to subsequently unseal the normally open end of said chamber and compress the accumulated solid, the unsealing of the normally open end of said chamber permitting any unsolidified gas remaining in the chamber to pass therefrom through said normally open end during the compressing simulated solid -rand means controlled by sai .;movable means 1 r; openihg said valve during" the accumulation lof the solid in said chamber, the means controlled by said movable means permitting said valve to close upon the unsealing of the normally open end of said chamber.

9. Apparatus of the character described, in-

eluding a chamber, means for supplying a volatile fluid to said chamber for expansion therein to afford an accumulation of solid in the chamber,

means for compressing the solid accumulated in the chamber at ,one end of said chamber, and

means at said end of said chamber connected to a source of fluid under pressure and through which pressure may be applied on the compressed solid in said chamber to effect removal of .the compressed solid from the said chamber.

10. Apparatus of the character described, in-' cluding a chamber, said chamber being smaller at one end then at the other end thereof, means for. supplying a volatile fluid to the chamber for expansion therein to afford an accumulation of solid in the chamber, means for compressing the accumulated solid at the smaller end of the chamber, and means at the smaller end of the chamber connected to a source of fluid under pressure and through which pressure may be applied on the compressed solid in said chamber to efiect removal of the compressed solid from the larger end of said chamber.

RoBnn'r H. HILL.

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