US2147817A - Method of removably mounting sheet material - Google Patents

Description

Fb. 21, 1939. H. T. JOHNSON METHOD O REMOVABLY MOUNTING SHET MATERIAL Filed Sept. 26,` 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet l IN VEN TOR. l Hor/y 7.1/0/750/2 BYE;c

ATTO EY. i

Feb. 21,1939.

H; T. JoHNsQN METHOD OF REMOVABLY MOUNTING SHEET MATERIAL Filed Sept. 26, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb.21, 1939. HTQJOHNSON 2,147,817

METHOD OF REMOVABLY MOUNTING SHEET MATERIAL Filed Sept. 26, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 I lg H 4 l` IN V EN TOR.

A TTOIINEY.

Patented Feb. 21, 1939 METHOD OF RE OVABLY MOUNTING SHEET MATE RIAL Harry T. Johnson, Hollis, N. Y., afssignor to Johnson & Semonsen, Bellerose, N. Y.,'a partnership Applicatin September 26, 1936, Serial No. 102,753

11 Claims.

This invention relates to the detachable joining or mounting of sheet materials for artistic or decorative purposes, and, for the covering of surfaces such, for example, as the papering of walls, mounting of bill posters and like operations. The essential features of my invention are readily understood to be exemplified in the hanging of wall paper.

.According to present well known methods of hanging wall papers, the wall paper is made ,in decorated strips having opposite undecorated margins and formed in rolls for delivery. In preparation for repapering a surface according to the old-method, the old paper is removed from the wall by a laborious and time consuming wetting and scraping operation. Then successive lengths of paper are drawn `from the roll and are trimmed either along one edge in order to overlap the untrimmed margin -of a preceding strip after it has been applied to the wall or trimmed along both edges for preparing it for abutting relationship along opposite edges with strips that are to be respectively attached to the wall before and after its attachment thereto. The reverse sides of several of the trimmed strips are then coated with wet adhesive immediately before the application of said strips one after another to the wall. The trimmed edges are either overlapped over the untrimmed edge of the previously applied strip, or butted against the trimmed edge of the previously applied strip while matching the design portions on adjoining strips as nearly as possible before the wet adhesive hasv set. Under Vthis procedure, the hurried action required of the paper hanger usually leads to poorly registered designs along the joined edges. Furthermore, the wet adhesive greatly weakens the paper and renders it liable to rupture in case the paper is withdrawn for the purpose of securing better registry by reattachment tothe surface. Again, it is usual to paste several strips of wall paper at Vthe same timeand inasmuch as the strips of paper that have been moistened by the wet adhesive tend to elongate and as they elongate more and more depending upon the lapse of time before they are attached to the wall, saidstrips will be' of progressively greater lengths when they are at tached. These conditions not only give the paper hanger considerable trouble and prevent the proper positioning of the moistened strip on a surface to which it is attached but also lead 'to further troubles due to the fact that as the paste sets and dries the wall paper strips become distorted by shrinkage which is not uniformly (Cl. 21S-62) distributed. It sometimes happens furthermore that the colors in wall paper fade due to moisture, and discolor due to chemical changes.

While forms of adhesives other than paste, mucilage or glue'(the first named being usually employed with wall paper) have been made use of for somewhat similar purposes, such other forms of adhesives are not suitable for wall paper or other materials which are to be attached to surfaces in the manner contemplated by the present application. l

In one type of work, a sheet which is to be mounted on a given surface, is coated with a thin film of viscous rubber containing a suitable solvent. This method is not suitable for hanging wall paper, for example, due to the fact that the hanging operation must be completed before the solvent evaporates and henceinvolves considerable weakening of the material, more or less distortion therein, and a limited time within which the operation must be consummated.

Another form of adhesive is largely composed of resin which melts only at higher than normal temperatures and hence requires a supply of heat that is not readily available or is inconvenient in many cases. Furthermore, considerable pres-` sure is required with this form of adhesive while -the material is being applied to a given surface. At the same time adhesives composed largely of resin crack when drying under normal temperatures. This form of adhesive therefore is not suitable for the purpose contemplated by the present application. y

The use of gutta'percha has been resorted to in various kinds of Work and while this formof adhesive requires less heat and pressure and consumes less time than an adhesive composed largely of resin, this method is objectionable for the purposes contemplated by the present application due largely to the fact that the method requires the employment of a hot iron with its attending difliculties and disadvantages.

It is also an established practice in the mounting of photographs, to coat the reverse side of a photograph as well as the surface upon which it is to be mounted with dry adhesive and after these coatings have dried, to press the photograph to said surface. In this case, however, the contacting areas are usually small; there is no necessity for securing proper registration of design portions occurring on successively mounted sheets or strips, and inasmuch as the trimmed margins of a photograph are of quite limited extent and are to be mounted in well defined areas which` conform thereto, there is relatively little difliculty in properly disposing the sheet material. In consequence, there is little or no necessity for detachably mounting the photograph and hence no requirement for applying a predetermined amount of pressure proportional to the strength of the material available for resisting rupture during repeated detachments of the sheet material for the proper registration of adjacent portions of a design formed on successively mounted sheets or strips.

I propose in a general way to provide a novel method for preparing sheet materials at the place of manufacture for strengthening them and generally improving their inherent properties for detachably engaging surfaces upon which they are to be mounted; an improved method for packaging the sheet material at its place of manufacture to conserve its enhanced properties during subsequent handling and carriage to the place at which it is to be used; and a novel method for applying the sheet material to the surface to be covered or decorated.

I also propose to provide the sheet material during its process of manufacture with certain novel properties by virtue of which after its delivery at any desired place, the sheet material without further treatment of any kind, can be attached to and detached from a given surface the desired number of times until the desired placement of the sheet material is obtained.

I further propose to provide a novel method for forming an imperfect bond between a sheet of material and the surface to which it is to be attached-by reducing the adhesive power of the adhesive composition applied to the surface; to the material; or to both the surface and the material.

I also propose to provide a novel method for forming an incomplete bond between a sheet of material and a surface to which it is attached by means of adhesive interposed between isolated, spaced or scattered areas of regular or irregular contour.

I propose specifically to provide a novel method of removably attaching wall coverings having portions standing out in bold relief with respect to intervening depressions such, for example, as wall paper provided with so-called hills and valleys.

I also propose to provide an improved method of packaging the sheet material after its completion at the place of manufacture to insure its delivery at any desired place in a condition to be applied to a surface in an improved manner without further treatment of any kind.

I further propose to provide a novel method for removably attaching the fibrous surface of sheet materials to walls or other surfaces, said method including a partial impregnation of the fibrous surface of said sheet materials with a substance suitable for stiifening and strengthening the materials, and subsequently coating the partially impregnated fibrous surface with an adhesive which has its bonding power with the sheet impaired by the preliminary partial impregnation of the fibrous surface, for forming incomplete or imperfect bonds between sheet materials and walls or surfaces and thus providing for removal of sheet materials from wall or other surfaces at the line of impaired bond.

I also propose to provide a novel method for removably papering and repapering the walls of a room, or similarly removably or replaceably applying a display poster or the like to the surface, of a bill board or similar surface by an adhesive which obviates the diiculties referred to above in connection with the hanging of all paper by the employment of wet adhesive, and which permits the removal at any time during a protracted period of the attached sheet material by a simple stripping action.

The general object of my invention is therefore to provide a novel method for strengthening and in a general way preparing sheetI materials during their process of manufacture for repeated attachments to and detachments from a given surface without rupturing or distorting the material; to provide an improved method for packaging the sheet materials at the place of manufacture for protecting them from injury during transportation to any desired place at which they are to be used; and to provide a novel method of attaching sheet materials to surfaces for the purpose of obtaining accurate placement thereon.

Another object of my invention is to provide sheet materials for decorative purposes with certain novel adhesive properties to enable them to be repeatedly attached to and detached from prescribed surfaces a desired number of times without rupturing or distorting the materials and for perfecting the placement of the sheet materials.

A further object of my invention is to form an imperfect bond of novel form and character between a sheet of material and a given surface by the application of an adhesive composition having a reduced adhesive power to the surface or to the material or to both the surface and material.

Another object is to provide an incomplete bond of novel form and character between a sheet of material and the surface to which it is attached by adhesive interposed between isolated, spaced or scattered areas thereof of regular or irregular contour.

A specific object of my invention is to provide a novel method for attaching to walls wall coverings such, for example, as wall papers which have portions standing out in bold relief with respect to intervening depressions.

Another object of my invention is to provide a novel method for packaging the sheet materials after they have been completely finished at the manufacturing plant for transporting them to any desired place without impairment of their peculiar properties which enable them to be repeatedly attached to and detached from surfaces without further treatment.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a novel method for removably attaching fibrous materials to surfaces by means of adhesive compositions of novel form and character to form incomplete or imperfect bonds between the materials and surfaces for permitting repeated attachments to and detachments from said surfaces while at the same time serving to stiffen and strengthen the fibrous materials to avoid y scribed and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings there has been illustrated simple and preferred forms of my invention, it being understood however that no limitation is necessarily made to the precise structural details therein shown, but that alterations and modiilcationswithin the scope of the appended claims may be resorted to when desired.

In the drawings- Fig. l is a sectional perspective view of one pre` ferred embodiment of my invention showing an adaptationof the invention tothe hanging of wall paper.

Fig. 2 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary section of the wall paper with an applied coating of adhesive before its attachment to the wall.

Fig. 3 is a sectional perspective view of another preferred embodiment of my invention showing its adaptation to the hanging of wall paper provided with so called hills and valleys.

Fig. d is a greatly enlarged fragmentary secy tion of the unattached wall paper with adhesive coating according to Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a sectional perspective view of another embodiment of my invention according to which the sheet material is being applied to a surface under predetermined pressure, the sheet material being represented as a strip of wall paper which has been coated with dry adhesive after being partially impregnated with adhesive resistant. l

Fig. 6 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary section ofthe unattached coated partially impregnated paper shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 'l is a sectional perspective view of another embodiment of my invention showing its adaptation to the hanging of a strip of wall paper which has been partially impregnated with latex prior to its attachment to a wall'or surface which has also been coated with latex.

Fig. 8 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary rection of the prepared wall paper shown in Fig. l prior to its application to the wall surface.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of a sheet of material having scattered areas thereof coated with adhesive.

Fig. 4lil -is a. greatly enlarged fragmentary section of the prepared sheet material taken on the line lil-lil, of Fig. 9.

. Fig. ll is a perspective view of a sheet of material prepared in the novel manner disclosed in the present specication, said material being` made into a roll and provided with protective caps at opposite ends of the roll to form a package of novel formation which protects the finished material againstdistortion or mutilation during its conveyance .from place to place.

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary face view of two adjacently disposed detached wall paper strips of the form shown in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings, said sheets being shown with trimmed abutment edges to represent the loci of registration points for pattern markings on the respective strips.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, in the embodiment of my invention shown in Figs. l and 2, the surface of a wall I2 which may i be the wall'of a room which is being papered,

a bill board to lwhich a poster is being attached or other surface which is being covered, is provided with a coating I3 of adhesive of any suitable composition having the desired' properties such, for example, as a form of dry adhesive.

The sheet material I4 exemplified in the form of a strip of wall paper, has been previously coated with adhesive l5` of preferably similar composition to the coating i3 and as shown in a greatly exaggerated way in Fig. 2 at i6, is bonded with the fibrous surface of the paper. i4. In applying the wall paper i4 to the prepared surface of wall i2, the sheet material or wall paper is progressively attached or mounted under a' or stripped from the wall without distorting or' rupturing the paper. Under these conditions, the wall paper may be attached to and detached from the wall surface time and time again during a protracted period, without further application of adhesive so that the attachment and detachment of the strip can be repeated as many times as are necessary for securing a perfected It will be underu hanging of the wall paper. stood from this description that by 'carefully trimming the lateral edges of the completely finished wall paper at the place-of manufacture to provide, for example,` a common base line for corresponding or matched complementary design portions which may occur on adjoining strips of paper, the use of a suitable adhesive such,

for example, as some form of dry adhesive under predetermined pressure, permits repeated trial attachments and detachments at any time during a protracted period for accurately registering the markings on adjoining strips whichl are not liable to disarrangement or distortion by the absorption of moisture rapid settingof the adhesive nor by removal when inaccurately positioned. It is to be clearly understood that the use of the preferred adhesives is not subject to these objections. At the saine time they are not subject to subsequent warping and wrinkling by setting and drying as is the case where the usual form of moist adhesive is employed.

According to the embodiment of my invention shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the surface of wall il is provided with an adhesive coating it having a composition similar -to an adhesive coating i9 on the back surface of a strip 2li of wall paper which is deeply embossed to form hills and valleys. As' illustrated in greatly exaggerated form `in Fig. 4, the adhesive coating I 9 is bonded at 2| with the brous surface of the wall paper 20 and conforms to the general contour of the hills and valleys (relief portions when applied to the walls).in such a way as to provide incomplete or more or less powerful adhesive bonds by means of which the paper 20 may be attached tothe wall il with any desired tenacity and thus permit the paper to be removed at any time during'a protractedperiod and as often as desired and wholly determined by the amount of pressure applied to the valleys as aforesaid.

According to the embodiment of my invention shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the-surface of a wall 23 is provided with an adhesive coating 2t, a strip 25 being in process of being applied thereto by a brush 28. Prior to the application of the paper 2l to the surface of wall 2l and preferably at the place ,of manufacture, the wall paper is first partially impregnated with a relatively thin coating 28 of some suitable adhesive resistant substance which stiffens the fibers of and strengthens the paper while at the sameI time reducing the capacity of the paper to bond with an adhesive coating 21 which is then imposed thereon. An' adhesive resistant substance which I have found suitable for this purpose is composed of `carbonate of soda, latex, casein, and water in the proportions of 1, 25, '74, and 400 parts respectively. A thin coating of this compound serves to give rigidity to the ilbers of the paper and also strengthens the paper, yet it prevents perfeet bonding between the paper and the coating 21. It will be understood from this description that while the bond established between the adhesive coatings 2| and 21 may be rendered imperfect under predetermined pressure vof limited intensity, the bond between the adhesive and the partially impregnated surface of the paper canv be rendered incomplete to any desired degree. Thus the paper may be removed from the wall 23 at any time by separation along the line of lbond between coatings 26 and v21 when the bond between coatings 24 and 21 exceeds the bond between coatings 26 and 21.

Referring now to another embodiment of my invention shown in Figs. '7 and 8 of the drawings,

- the surface of a wall 30 is coated with dry adhesive 3i such as latex for the purpose of hanging thereon a strip 32 of wall paper which as shown on a,

greatly exaggerated scale in Fig. 8 has been previously partially impregnated with dry adhesive 33 preferably in the form of latex for providing a device whereby theV strength of the bond between paper and wall may be made dependent upon the degree of intimacy established between the impregnated fibrous surface of the paper and the coated surface of the Wall.

Referring now to Figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings, one method of preparing sheet material for an incompletely bonded attachment to any desired surface is exemplified in a strip 34 of wall paper provided with coatings 35 on isolated or scattered areas of one surface whereby the wall paper may be made to adhere to the given surface with any desired degree of tenacity under a predeltermined pressure applied thereto. As shown in Fig. 1l of the drawings, after the wall paper or other sheet material has been prepared in any of the prescribed forms described above, a suitable package for shipping `the completely prepared paper to any desired place at which it is to be used, may be provided by forming it into a roll 36 after the lateral edges have been trimmed. For this purpose, the roll of trimmed paper is provided at opposite ends with suitable lprotective caps 31 which encase the rolled trimmed edges of the nished product and thus serve to protect the accurately trimmed side edges creased intervals of time elapsing after their coating withwet adhesive. The detrimental effects of this exposure to moisture in the case of flat stripsof material have been pointed out above but where the wall paper is highly embossed to 5 produce the so-called hills and valleys, these detrimental effects are greatly aggravated. In Fig. 12 of the drawings is shown the approximate positioning of two strips 38 of wall paper of the type shown in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings, said l0 strips being provided with hills and valleys represented by pattern markings of irregular contour which during the lateral abutting of said strips during the paper hanging operation must be so positioned that the corresponding or complementary markings on adjacent strips will be in register.r For this purpose, the lateral edges of said strips are trimmed to define the loci of registration points l! and in each strip. In view of the explanation given above, it will be readily understood that the coating of a number of strips having hills and valleys formed therein with wet adhesive at the same time would result in anaggravated elongation of the strips vin progressively 5 greater amounts depending upon the lapsed times between the application of adhesive to the several strips and their successive attachments to the wall. At the same time, the embossed structure of the strips would be progressively more liable 30 to breaking down under the application of pressure thereto due to the graded increase in the amounts of moisture absorbed by the successively attached sheets.

In view of these conditions, it will that the employment of dry adhesive on the reverse surfaces of 4embossed wall paper strips which have their lateral edges trimmed to define registration points on the face surfaces of said strips,

will completely eliminate the elongation of said 40 I strips in progressively greater amounts; it will avoid rupture and distortion of the paper due to moisture; it will avoid distortion and wrinkling due to non-uniform drying of the wet adhesive after the strips have been attached to the wall;

and will permit repeated attachments and detachments at any time during a protracted period of each successive strip to secure a perfect placement thereof with respect to a previously mounted strip. By a protracted period" is meant a .50

period of time in excess of that required for the well known wet adhesives to set.

The adhesive that I prefer to employ is one in which, when in a dry state, adherence or coherence will occur only between coatings having a 5J common basic substance. The solution is applied to the material in any well known manner and, upon evaporation, the residue becomes a dry adhesive that will not adhere or cohere to other than coatings having a common basic substance. In view of the fact that dry coatings having the foregoing properties have become generally known in the art as dry adhesives", I have used this term in the appended claims.

By the term "dry adhesive", I include latex of o.

any suitable composition, rubber compounds or compositions other than latex which can be utilized for flexible coatings having thedesired properties and which after being applied at the 71 place of manufacture, for example, can be rolled or otherwise packaged and shipped ready prepared to the desired place at which it is to be utilized. I

- For the purpose of providing an adhesive with z.

be seen 35 understood that I have disclosed a novel method for strengthening and in a general way preparing sheet materials for repeated attachment to and detachment from a given surface without in- .jury or distortion to the materials; that I have provided a novel method of packaging the prepared sheet materials for transportation to their points of destination in readiness for use without further treatment of any kind; and that I have provided a novel method for removably mounting the sheet materials on surfaces when received.

It is obvious that I have provided sheet materials for decorative purposes having novel adhesive properties which enable them to be repeatedly attached to and detached from surfaces for the purpose of perfecting their placement thereon. i

It will be seen that I have provided an imperfect bond of novel form andcharacter by the employment of an adhesive compound with impaired bonding power due to the intermixture therewith of a filler or counter adhesive.

It is clear also that I have provided an incomplete bond of novel form and character Aby in- Aterposing adhesive between opposed, isolated,

spaced or scattered areas of the material and surface to which it is attached. y l

I have also provided a novel method for forming detachable bonds between the surface of a wall and a covering therefor having portions standing out in bold relief with respect to intervening depressions.

I have furthermore provided means of novel form for packaging wall paper which in its final form at the place of manufacture is ready to be removably mounted on a surface at a future time without injury from carriage and requiring no fur-ther treatment of any kind. l

It will be understood that I have provided a novel method for removably mounting fibrous materials on surfaces such, for example, asl the walls of a room, on bill boards and other surfaces, said method being suitable for stiifening and strengthening the fibrous materials =by the application thereto of adhesive `compositions which under predetermined pressures have limited bonding power which permit the fibrous materials to be stripped from the surfaces without liability of rupture or distortion.

I have also provided a novel method -for removably papering and repapering the walls of a roomby means of wall paper strips previously trimmed and provided with adhesive at the fac- 4 tory, said method contemplating trial attachments and detachments` of the trimmed and adhesive coated strips for accurate placement on the 4 walls.

Having thus described my invention and pointed out the novel features residing therein, what I claim is:

5 1. The method of removably attaching a sheet of material to a surface, which consists in coating oneside of the sheet of material and the surface with dry adhesive, applying the sheet of material to the surface with the coatings of dry adhesive in contact, applying pressure of predeterrninedv intensity to the sheet of material, whereby the sheet of material may be stripped from the surface at any time during a protracted period and separation of the sheet of material from the surface will occur between the coatings of dry adhesive. i

v2. The method of removably attaching a sheet of material to a surface, which consists in coating one side of the sheet of material and the surface with dryadhesive, applying the sheet of material to the surface with the coatings of dry adhesive in contact, applying pressure of predetermined intensity to the sheet of material,

lwhereby the sheet of material may be stripped from the surface at any time during a protracted period and separation of the sheet of material from the surface will occur within the combined coatings of dry adhesive. v

3. The method of attaching a sheet of material to a surface, which consists in coating one side of the sheet of material with adhesive and allowing the adhesive to dry, coating the surface/with adhesive, applying the sheet of material to the surface with the coatings of adhesive in contact,

applying pressure of predetermined intensity to the sheet of material, whereby the sheet of material may be stripped from the surface at any time during a protracted period and the line of least resistance to parting therebetween will occur within the combined coatings of adhesive, and adhesive willremain on the sheet of material and on the surface to provide for reattachment of the sheet of material to the surface.

4. The method of attaching a sheet of material to a surface, which consists in coating one side of the sheet of material and the surface with adhesive and allowing the adhesive to dry, applying the sheet of material to the surface with the coatings of adhesive in contact, applying pressure of predetermined intensity to the sheet of matey rial,` whereby the sheet of material may be stripped from the surface at any time during a protracted period and the line of least resistance to parting therebetween will occur within the combined coatings of adhesive, and adhesive will remain on the sheet of material and on the surface to provide for reattachment of the sheet of material to the surface.

5. The method of removably attaching a sheet of material to a surface, which consists in coating one side of the sheet of material with scatteredareas of dry adhesive, coating the surface with dry adhesive, applying the sheet of material to the surface with the coatings of dry adhesive in contact, applying pressure of predetermined intensity to the4 sheet of material, whereby the sheet of material may be stripped from the surface at any time during a protracted period and separation of the sheet of material from the surface will occur between the coatings of dry adhesive.

6. The method of removably attaching a sheet of material to a surface, which consists in coating one side of the sheet of material with scattered areas of dry adhesive, coating the surface with dry adhesive, applying the sheet of material to the surface with the coatings of dry adhesive in contact, applying pressure oi'v predetermined intensity to the sheet of material, whereby the sheet of material may be stripped from the surface at any time during a protracted period and separation of the sheet of material from the surface will occur within the combined coatings of dry adhesive.

'7. '.Ihe method of attaching a sheet of material to a surface, which consists in coating one side of the sheet of material and the surface with adhesive substance, which when dry, has greater adherence to the sheet of material and to the surface than coherence occurring between the 'respective coatings of adhesive when placed in contact, allowing the adhesive to dry, applying the sheet of material to the surface with the coatings of adhesive in contact, applying pressure of predetermined intensity to the sheet of material, whereby the sheet of material may be stripped from the surface at any time during a protracted period and separation of the sheet of material from the surface will occur Within the zone of cohesion of the coatings of adhesive.

8. The method of attaching a sheet of fibrous material to a surface, which consists in coating one side of the sheet of fibrous material and the surface with adhesive substance, which when dry, surrounds and binds together the surface fibers of the sheet of fibrous material and which adhesive substance when dry has greater adherence to the sheet of fibrous material and to the surface than coherence occurring between the respective coatings of adhesive when placed in contact, allowing the adhesive to dry, applying the sheet of fibrous material to the surface with the coatings of adhesive in contact, applying pressure of predetermined intensity to the sheet of fibrous material, whereby the sheet of fibrous material may be stripped from the surface, and separation of the fibrous sheet material from the surface will occur within the zone of cohesion of the'coatings of adhesive and the surface fibers of the sheet of fibrous material will not be removed therefrom.

9. The method of attaching a sheet of fibrous material to a fibrous surface, which consists in coating one side of the sheet of fibrous material and the fibrous surface with adhesive substance, which when dry, surrounds .and binds together the surface fibers of the sheet of fibrous material and the fibrous-surface and which adhesive substance when dry, has greater adherence to the sheet of fibrous material and to the fibrous surface than coherence occurring between the respective coatings of adhesive when placed in contact, allowing the adhesive to dry, applying the sheet of fibrous material tothe fibrous surface with the coatings of adhesive in contact, applying pressure of predetermined intensity to the sheet of fibrous material, whereby the sheet of fibrous material may be stripped from the fibrous surface, and separation will occur within the zone of cohesion of the coatings of adhesive and the surface fibers of the sheet of fibrous material and the brous surface will not be removed therefrom.

10. The method of attaching a sheet of material having an irregular contour comprising hills and valleys to a surface, which consists in coating the reverse side of the sheet of material with a coating of adhesive conforming to and defined in outline in accordance with the hills and valleys of the irregular contour of the sheet material, coating the surface with adhesive, allowing the adhesive coatings to dry, applying the sheet of material to the surface with the coating of adhesive on the hills of the reverse side of the sheet of material in contact with the coating of adhesive on the surface, applying pressure of predetermined intensity to the sheet of material to effect bonding between limited areas of adhesive on the hills of the reverse side of the sheet of material and the adhesive of the surface, whereby the sheet of material may be stripped from the surface at any time during a protracted period and separation of the sheet of material from the surface will occur within the bonded areas of the combined coatings of adhesive.

11. The method of attaching a sheet of fibrous material to a surface, which consists in coating one side of the sheet of brous material with adhesive substance, which when dry, surrounds and binds together the surface fibers of the sheet of fibrous material, allowing the adhesive to dry, coating the surface with adhesive, applying the sheet of material to the surface with the coatings of adhesive in contact, applying pressure of predetermined intensity to the sheet of material, whereby the sheet of material may be stripped from the surface and the line of least resistance to parting therebetween will occur within the combined coatings of adhesive, and adhesive will remain on the sheet of material and on the surface to provide for reattachment of the sheet of material to the surface.

HARRY T. JOHNSON.

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