US2187324A - Method of and means for repairing masonry structures - Google Patents

Description

Jan. '16, 1940. B. J. MANY 2,187,324

NETHOD OF AND MEANS FOR REPAIRING MASONRY STRUCTURES Filed Sept. 15, 1957 /gtwmu m gam 12.

HIS ATTORNEYS Patented Jan. 1 6 I -mmon ILDF'r'ANDwMEANS For: REPAIRING f i i i :MASQNB E UCT E H v My winvention relatesito" masonry structures;

@andahasmamong its objectsiand advantagesathe provision of i an improved method ofcranddmeans rfo r mstructurally rehabilitating mm: "moisturel wInwmany masonry structures,aparticularlyuin amass concrete work; leakagesioccur. .Thetcauses n of such leakage are usually :due. tolseparationrof the aggregates 1 in the fabrication :1 of the strucvrthelporous or: defective areasaarevlocatedhowthe inaccessible face of the structured and aietnot visible from: the accessible; face @Theidnfi-ltration of water togetherwith thelgr ound chemicals appear on the accessiblelgvface. I-t is a recognized ifact that to properly repair suchideiective areas itl is :necessary to prevent the ingress J of water from the inaccessible face of the structure. In: the past attempts have been' -madeto "drill a hole through the structure and thenforce grout or other material through thehole with aview to repairing the defective area. T'he"-'treating-material .has been delivered through thegopening under high andllow pressuresfibut there isno 35 assurance that the: ma'teriah will be -properly applied to the -:desired area. Treating material delivered under pressure tends to flow in the direction of the pressureapplied thereto; and after delivery to theopposite side of the wall, the material will follow the lines of least resistance. It frequently occurs that the obstruction on the inaccessible face of the wall-includes large channels or openings throug which the material flows and in'some cases sewers have'been blocked 45and damage caused to other adjacent installa- 1 tions. i i

:An object of my invention is to provide a method Jof and means":for repairing. heretofore I such a nature astto penetrate the masonry strucinaccessible areas in mass concrete construction. 50 Another object of my invention! iSJt OQ'pIOVidB a novel back pressure method"whereby treating material may be directly applied under pressure V to the heretofore inaeemible face of the structure. l

"ture. 1 In many cases. thehoney-combedtor .por-

"treating or patching purposes. :In:.many Leases will eventually .cause disintegrated areas to isignedtol convey treating anaterial jhrough-thev wall under-high pressure and;in"which the tool 1 l g is so constructed as to deflect the treat-ing ma-y terial under pressure back upon theydefective lama. n v6 In the taccompanyingdrawingz rEigi l isv a sectional view of a masonry struc- 1 ture illustrating themanner in which the method is applied to an overheadstructure for directly applying a treating material 'tova-sdefective :area

adjacent an obstruction I Fig; H2 is;a- ;sectional view. of 1 the masonry struc -:ture inthe mature of a verticallwall lying adjacentan"obstruction; 1 I

32;,is a sectional view of 3 the material -defleetin head of my conveyor;.; v l

. Fig. 4. is'a sectionalwiewsalongr the line 44 of F g-..3;eand j 5 is a diagrammatic view illustratingthe manner-=inwhich large defective. areasin the the 1: embodiment se1eetedv to illustrate. any

invention, Fig. 1 illustratesa masonrystructure I0 having a disintegratedarea l2. adjacent the uobstructiom 14' which is illustrated:as constituting earth. "The defective areamayconsist in deep surface pits orqcavities [I 5. i The structure illustrates-,;interior cavities [and fissures, qas at l8 awhich,sinwturn; communicate with a seepage channel; or crack 1 :20, which frequently extends" wcornpletely through the structure. Obviously, a I disintegrated structure according to the illustra- -1ti011 ;of -Fig. lk-cannot be properly treated 'unless thewtreating' "material ;is directly applied to the fidefectivarea. 1 To apply the materiaLI- bores.

hole 22 through the wall adjacent -.the seepage channelyllorin line with the seepage channel. A pressure tool or conveyoristinserted in the hole 22 and is so constructed at its end-26 asto :f orcibly deliver thetreatin material in a reverse t directionl-directly against the'defective area l 'l. In practicing my invention I prefer to anake ruse of 1a treating material consisting of a filler held in suspensionby a liquid medium. Such material is of afiuid nature and-may-be-effec tively applied with an air gun on otherequivalent a devices well known in the art. Thetrieating ma- ]terial embodies an element ,of penetration of ture to a depth greaterthan the normal penetration of moisture in the-structure. When napplied-l to leakage channels and. the dike, the material penetrates l-aterallyv of the defective area to a depth-beyond normal penetration -of moisture.

nt the samentime the leakage channels, surface v rAT; EN?! orries deposit of the filler. After application, the ma- "terial sets into a firm homogeneous mass which in the art and need not be described in further detail.

One end of the pipe 28 is constricted at 86 andincludes an exteriorally threaded shank 38 having threaded connection with aring which carries the deflecting head 42. head is integrally connected in spaced relation with the ring 40 through the medium of ribs 44.

Theouter end of the head 42 is curved, asat 45,

*to facilitate-insertion through the hole 22. The inner face of the'head 42 is concaved, as at 48, which concaved surfaceterminates in 'a conicallyshaped element positioned centrally of the head with its axis corresponding to the axis of the pipe 28. Ring 40 also has an outer diameter not exceeding-the outer diameter of thepipe 28 so that the head 42 and the ring 48 will pass easily through the'hole 22 with the pipe 28 fitting snugly therein.

5 Referring to Fig. 4, it will be noted that the ribs 50 are ovate in'cross section with their major axes aligned radially of the pipe 28. The

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concaved surface. 48" is spaced sufficiently far from the end 52 of the pipe 28 and the ring 40 to provide clearance" for the treating material delivered to the defective area l2. The constricted area 36 of the pipe 28 terminates in a curvature 54 while the ring 40 includes a curvature 56, both of which curvatures define a configuration substantially conforming to the shape of the concaved area 48,'thus permitting free flow of the laterally and backwardly defected material.

In operation, the pipe 28 is pushed into the hole 22 sufficiently far to bring the'end 52 in align- ,ment with or slightly beyond the face of the wall structure to be treated. Upon I the pipe 28 I mount an adjustable collar 58 arranged to engage the face .60 of the'structure l0 for-precisely positioning the head 42 in proper relation with the opposite face of the structure Ill. The collar 58 may be adjusted to different positions and secured in position by a bolt 62. The thickness of the wall is calculated and the collar 58 adjusted to the "proper location and then made secure. After proper adjustment of the collar, the pipe 28 is merely pushed through the hole 22 until the collar 58 engages the face 60.

After the pipe 28 has been positioned as illustrated in Fig. 1, the material and compressed air 'is admitted to the pipe through the medium of any suitable means, not illustrated, and which forms no part of the present invention. Such 'valve controls are well known in the art and need not be described.

Because of the fluid nature of the treating material and the high p'ressureemployed, which frequently'ranges between 350 and 500 pounds per square inch, the material will be discharged forctioned accordiri'g'to Fig. 1, the treating material The deflecting pits, cavities, and the like will be filled with a will be discharged laterally over a suflicient area to cover the defective area l2. The high pressure employed insures application of the treating material by force directly to the impaired area.

The treating material will flll the pits or cavities l4 and I8 as well as the seepage channel 20. Because of the penetrating properties of the treating material, deep penetration is attained, as indicated at 64, while the cavitiesand seepage channels will, be completely filled with a body material, as indicated at 66. Thus, in deeply impregnating the areas contacted by the treating material as well as filling the seepage channels and cavities with a body material, I prevent any circumvention of moisture around the treated area. After application, the treating material sets into a firm mass, thereby not only moisture-proofing the structure but also structurally rehabilitating the same so as to render the structure intact.

While Fig. 3 illustrates the head 42 having a [concaved area 48 of a given configuration, the

head 42 is so designed as to be readily disconnecte'd from the pipe 28 to permit substitution of .otherheads 42 of diiferently shaped concaved faces. Thus, the spread of the material may be determined by substituting a head 42 ofa given concavity. In narrowing the ribs 44 in the manner illustrated in Fig. 4, little resistance is offered to thelaterally moving material. In operation,

the concaved face 48 will, in fact, deflect the treating. material over the entire surface within a circular area depending upon the degree of curvature.

. Inapplying treating material by the back pressureymethod illustrated, I entirely eliminate eX- i cessive waste in addition to providing a system whereby the, treating material is directly and forciblyapplied to the area to be treated.

Fig. 2 illustrates the same back pressure system applied to a vertical masonry'structure in which 1 the obstruction is indicated at 61. The masonry structure 68 is bored at 10 for receiving the pipe 28 ,with its head 42 positioned in the same manner as in connection with Fig. 1. The structure 68 includes a' transverse seepage channel or crack 12. In both Figs. 1 and 2, it will be noted that the obstructions l4 and 61 are washed out at 74.

In many cases the cavities M are of large proportions, and it frequently happens that such cavities communicate With channels or other cav- 1 ities. Under such conditions the old method of treatment, which consisted inforcibly delivering treating material throughthe hole in the wall, the material will take the path of least resistance with no assurance that any of the treating material would reach the defective area. Under such conditions the treating material is wasted, the buildingstructure is not repaired, and there have been cases where sewers have been blocked and damage caused to other adjacent structures.

In my method, whether considered under the structural conditions of Fig. 1 or 2, the head 42 will forcibly deflect the treating material over the defective area so as to moisture-proof and structurally rehabilitate the entire area within the range of the head. If the defective area is of large proportions, as indicated at 16 in Fig. 5, a number of holes 22 may be drilled and the tool shifted from hole to hole to apply the material over the entire area 16. After treating the defecl tive area, the tool is removed and the hole or holes plugged.

Without further elaboration, the foregoing will so fully explain my invention that others may, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt the 1 same for use under 1 11 claim:

various conditions of service.

1. The method of treating masonry structures having an outer face and an inner face, which consists in boring a hole through the masonry structure inwardly of its outer face, inserting a treating material conveyor in said hole, and conveying treatingZmaterial through the conveyor and deflecting the treating material back upon a predetermined area on said inner fa eircumjacent said hole. 1 i i 2. The method of treating masonry structures ,havingan outer face and an inner face, which consists in boring a hole through th structure inwardly of its outer face, inserting a material conveyer through the hole and, deflecting the material directly and forcibly back upon a predetermined area of said inner fac circum jacent said hole. i i 3. A device of the type described comprising fluid material conveying tube, a, deflecting elementattachedto one end of the tube in spaced relation therewith, said deflecting element having a concaved face axially aligned with thetube for deflecting fluid treating material laterally and in all directions of the tube and reversely of its fluid treating material conveying tube, a fluid movement therethrough; i i v 4. A device of the type described comprising a treating material deflecting head, means for detachably connecting the fluid treatingmaterial deflecting head wlththetube, said fluid treating material deflecting head being arranged in axial alignment with thetube and havinga concaved face for deflecting the fluid treating material laterally in all directions and reversely of its flow through the tube. i

5. The method of treating masonry structure having an outer faceand an innerface, which consists in providing an opening through the structure inwardly of its outer face, positioning material deflecting means in axial alignment with said opening a predetermined distance be yond said inner face, and conveying fluid treating material forcibly through said opening and impinging the same against said deflecting means to deflect the treating material upon a predetermined area on the inner face circumjacent said opening. i v i l 6. The method of treating masonry structures havingan outer face and an inner face; which "consists in providing an opening through the

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