US2202830A - Metallic shingle - Google Patents

Description

June 4, 1940. uss 2,202,830

METALLIC SHINGLE Filed Jan. 6, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR 20 2 4 Fig. 2 .24Z'PNE5T BUSSL'Y ATTdRNEYs June 4, 1940. E. BUSSEY 2,202,830

METALLIC SH'INGLE Filed Jan. 6, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ERNEST BUSSZ'Y ATTORN EYs Patented June 4, Iliad messes I iunrsttro seniors Ernest Birmingham, Ala, assigno'r to Sta-Rite Corporation, a corporation of Alahama Application January 6, i939,

' 11 Claims.

My invention relates to a metallic shingle and constitutes an improvement on the shingle forming the subject matter of Letters Patent 2,142,996, issued to me on January 10th, 1939, wherein I show a shingle of approximately square stock, which is adapted. to-he laid with a diagonal normal to the cave, has its upper and lower tips truncated, and has approximately the meta. thus cut away at the tips forming oliset nailing ears at each of the side corners of the shingle, as laid. In the center of this shingle are formed a series of vertical beads intended both to stiffen shingle body and to provide a raised or relief configuration that would neutralize the plain, flat elfect of tie shingles in the roof.

While this patented shingle is successful i method of application and in its cove-ra t I have found that the following features of improve ment are desirable, viz; to produce more pronounced deformation of the shingle body so as to increase its shadow line effect; to preliminarily crimp the stockwith very corrugations to soften its effect, reduce light reflection, permit the requisite deformation without distortion of the shingle, and provide ventilation throu hout lapped areas; to arrange the crirnped corrugations so that they travers the lapped area in the direction which will enable them to checlr, trap, and discharge out of the lap area any nioisture seeking to creep transversely inwardly across the lapped joints in the roof; to d ign the shin le with its stiffening heads laid within its marginal lap areas and parallel with adjacent edges, and so matched that they not only facilitate the quick laying and accurate centering of the shingles, but also have the important effect of forming dams that run across the criinped corrugations in the lap areas and provide means to prevent any tend ency of water to he lolown in, or to move, responsive to capillary attraction, transversely the lap areas so as to produce a leak; and finally to modify the design of the nailing cars so as to provide them with rounded tips and with ve t cally' aligned notches in the horizontal and diagonal edges of. ear, the round tips reducing possible injury to the roofers and the notches l1aving advantages which will he later pointed out.

My invention also forms a continuation in part of my patent aforesaid in respect of the provision of seats struck up in nailin ears to conform to and receive the-lock lips on theshingle butts.

In the drawings: I

Fig. lis a plan view of a in which the fine crimped corrugations are omitted, because of the scale of this figure they would present a confusing shaded aspect.

- Fig. 2 illustrates a portion of a roof laid with the shingles as illustrated in Fi i, with, one shingle shown detached and ready to be moved diagonally downwardly into position on the roof.

3 is a iragrnental view showing a corner portion of the shingle in full size with the crimp corrugations ahpfiaring.

Fig. 4 is a cross sectional View taken on the line IV-IV of Fig. 3. I Fig. is a section on the line V-V of Fig. 3 with the overlying shingle lo'utt shown dotted in.

Similar reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout the drawings.

In the embodiment of my invention in the shingle design shown in the drawings, I show a metallic shingle having a substantially rectangular body with its lower butt tip truncated at it and upper tip at l l, the shingle being so out iron :bOCk that the metal displaced by these truncations is to present at the side corners of the shi reversely disposed oiiset nailing corners i2 the upper horizontal edge of the corner ii and the lower horizontal edge of the corner ii lying parallel with and equidistant from the interposed horizontal diagonal of the shingle. These shingles are laid as shown in Fig.

2 with a marginal lap only and the main central I body portion of he shingle lying between its marginal lap areas is struck up at l t to produce a pronounced laid. This raised portion i l is truncated at its upper and lower edges to leave corresponding plain surfaces it where the upper and lower tips overlie and underlie the nailing ears l 2 and it in the laid roof.

In thelap area along each side edge of the shingle I form one or more beads it, two being shown and being sufiicient for their purposes. Each outer head it is preferably struck along an edge of the shingle and lies parallel'therewith, and each inner head it is placed parallel with and close to the adjacent side of the-raised center portion it. These beads iii are all silnilar in length and in cross section and all stop short of the plain butt and tip areas li and the ears l2 and 53 of the shingle, the adjacent inner heads ineetingat each side corner having their ends juxtaposed to each other, while the outer heads have their ends terminating close to the notches ii and ill formed in the upper and lower edges of adjacent ear. The notch l 'l carries a horizontal edge of its respective car into the body of the shingle and the notch i8 indents the diagonal edge of the ear, the inner vertical edges of the two notches at each corner standing in alignment and the horizontal edge of the notch l8 being parallel with the horizontal edge of its ear. In "the center of each tip edge ill and i l Iforrn a lock lip til, which on the butt tip. ill of the shingle as laid is bent under so as to'interlock beneath the horizontal under edge of the ear E3 on a subsequent shingle. The lip l9 on the upper tip ii is left unbent.

It will he noted that the ends of the ears I2 shadow line eiieot in the roof as and I3 are rounded at 20 to avoid provision of a sharp point and prevent injury in handling. All of the beads l6 are similar in size and are correspondingly placed along the shingle edges in symmetrical relation to the horizontal diagonal of the shingle body l4 so that they not only permit the reversibility of the shingle, but they will always match and interfit with the corresponding ribs in the side lap areas of underlying shingles and thus will produce three important effects: namely, that of accurately centering the shingles by means of the interlocking of these ribs as they are laid so that the shingles cannot get out of line and can be laid rapidly and accurately without a preliminary lining of the roof; that of providing spaced dams to check the travel of water across the lapped areas of the shingles as laid; and that of both stiffening the edges and increasing the ornamental effect of the shingle.

The outer bead will check the ingress of water right at the outer edge of the shingle exposure and the inner beads form a second dam so displaced from the outer beads that any water that finds its way into the side laps inwardly of the outer beads will be checked at the base of the inner beads and will not escape inwardly so as to produce a leak. Further, these beads being similar in size do not have surface contact throughout their joint and thus they provide a means to check any capillary action and provide an inclined trough or channel along which any water gaining access to either of the bead joints will be guided down and discharged onto the plain area I5 of the subjacent shingle.

As a means for enabling the shingles to interlock themselves positively and accurately into position by means of relatively small beads, without being deformed as the result from the striking up of these beads H5 or of the center portion I4, and also as a means for enhancing the appearance of the roof and of further checking the lateral ingress of water across the lapped areas, I form the shingles from finely crimped stock, the original corrugations preferably having a maximum depth of approximately one thirty-second of an inch and being formed on centers approximately three-sixteenths of an inch apart. The corrugations are preferably disposed so as to lie parallel with the vertical diagonal of the shingle. In view of the very fine character of these corrugations 2| it was thought impractical to show them over Figs. 1 and 2, but they have been shown in exaggerated form in Figs. 3 and i, it being noted that in the operation of stamping out the shingles to form the beads 16 and raise the under panel 14 the corrugations will be stretched along the edges of such deformations and made substantially less pronounced than in the original stock. These corrugations 21 being disposed vertically or so as to serve to check water seeking to traverse the lapped area, will themselves form very small traps or drainage channels (see Fig. 4) through which any moisture, seeking to creep across the lapped area, will be trapped and diverted downwardly. These corrugations 2| not only soften the effect of the roof, but they supply the necessary amount of stock to enable the beads l6 and the center deformation M to be struck up without injuring the metal or breaking the spelter coat on the singles and without warping or adversely deforming the shingle body, this being important not only to enable the beads of lapping shingles always to match but also to permit a very pronounced deformation in the central area M, which in the laid roof will produce distinctive shadow lines and thus enhance the ornamental appearance of a roof laid with these shingles. These corrugations 2i afiord only line contacts between the lapped shingle surfaces and so will amply ventilate these joints and thus preserve the shingles.

The deformation 14, like all other parts of the shingle lies symmetrical with respect to its horizontal diagonal, thus permitting it to be inverted and the parts of out shingles to be used so as to reduce the waste in laying the roof in the manner described fully in my patent aforesaid.

In Fig.2 I have illustrated the manner of laying a roof with my improved shingles, and here I show a starting strip 22 laid along the eave and a starter course of half shingles 24, cut, if desired, with enough additional stock along their bottom edges to be turned in under and form an interlock with the edge of the starting strip, and when thus laid the diagonal center line of the half shingle will match with the lower edge of the starting strip. After this starting course is laid and secured by nails through their top lips IS, the first course of full sized shingles is laid, this being quickly accomplished by matching the beads IS on the sides of their butts with the beads E6 of the starting course shingles, in doing which the horizontal edges of the full sized shingle ears l2 are matched with the edges H of the subjacent starter shingle 24 and the corners of their respective notches I! are matched with the near corner of said edges ll. As seen in Fig. 3 this brings the diagonal edges of the meeting ears l2 and l3 of the first course shingles into engagement, whereupon their butt edges ID are bent to look under the half shingles and starter strip.

The matched ears l2 and I3 of adjacent pairs of whole shingles in the first course, as shown in Fig. 3, form foundations, each of which overlies the upper tip area W of a subjacent half shingle 24 and will underlie the butt tip area l5 of a superjacent whole shingle of the second course when laid.

The exposed butt tip of each shingle above the first course has its lip l9 bent back under and engaged in a seat [9a formed in the center of the horizontal bottom edge of the ear l3 of its subjacent foundation when its edge l0 matches the under edge of said ear and its corners match with the notches l1 and i8 in the ears of the subjacent shingles.

To match the seats 19a formed on the ears to receive the lock lips I9 I form on the butt tips opposite the lock lips l9 complemental raised portions Hlb which will match with the seats Na and permit the butts to lie flush with the under ear edge and to ride over the upper ear deformation l9b where the resulting slight separation of the metal surfaces will not produce any adverse condition in the roof. The seats I90. play an important part in facilitating the quick and accurate centering of the shingle butts on their underlying foundations because it is easy to catch the lip IS in its seat Mia and when it is so caught it is positively centered with respect to the subjacent car 13 and is in position for its beads to match with the beads of the subjacent shingles. Thus, by engaging l9 and Mia, aligning the edges in and H with the ears and their notches l1 and I8, and matching the beads "5, a roof can be very rapidly and accurately laid and the shingles cannot get out of line, because if they do it would be impossible to match the beads or to align the ears and notches with tips I0 and II.

A roof laid with my improved shingles and in the manner described will provide safely against leakage with so small a lap area that it will only require about 135. squares of the shingles to cover squares of roof.

It is further to be noted that the employment of the crimped stock will reduce the glare and both soften and enhance the appearance of the roof as a whole, even though the corrugationsZl are very fine.

While in my patent aforesaid I claimed broadly the provision of centering elements that would inter-engage to lock the shingle butts to subjacent ears, the provision of the lock lip seats Mia and deformation l9b were not specifically claimed in that case, not being so important there, as there were no beads IS in the lap areas to be accurately centered as in the present case.

parting from the spirit thereof; and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art or as are specifically set forth in the appended claims.

What I claim is:

its corrugations running in a direction to check water seeking to traverse a lap area and designed to allow for the bead deformation without distortion of the shingle.

2. A metallic shingle having side nailing corners and tapering end portions, said shingle having matching beads struck up along its side lap areas and being formed throughout its surface areas lying substantially level of finely crimped stock defining corrugations running normal to a horizontal diagonal line through the side nailing corners and at an angle to said heads.

3. A shingle according to claim 1, in which the central area lying within the marginal lap areas of the shingle as'laid is formed of firmly crimped stock and is substantially deformed to produce a center panel raised sufiiciently to provide a distinct shadow line eifect from the shingle as laid on a roof.

4. A shingle according to claim 1, in which substantially the whole central area lying within the marginal lap areas of the shingle is struck up from crimped stock to provide a polygonal raised substantially flat pan'el designed and arranged to produce a distinct shadow line from the shingle as laid on the roof, said deformation and marginal beads being symmetrical with respect to said horizontal diagonal of the shingle, to permit the latter to be reversed.

5. A metallic shingle having side nailing cor beads are struck up therefrom, said beads forming positive centering elements to properly align the shingles and being disposed to form a dam means to prevent the water traversing the crimped lapped area.

6. A metallic shingle formed wholly of finely crimped stock out to provide. therefrom side nailing corners and reversely tapered upper and lower body portions, the corrugations in the stock lying normal to a horizontal diagonal through nailing corners, a symmetrical raised central deformation, and symmetrical raised marginal deformations formed in the marginal lap areas of the shingle whereby the shingles can be positively matched and centered as laid on the roof, said crimped shingle body lying in a common plane except for said raised deformation.

7. A shingle according to claim 6, in which substantially the whole body area of the shingle lying inwardly of its marginal lap areas is struck up to form a flat central deformation raised sufficiently to give a pronounced shadow-line-proreversible.

8. A metallic shingle having truncated butt and tip and ofiset side nailing corners, centering,

a horizontal diagonal through said corners, said shingles having marginal lapped areas as laid on the roof, said areas having formed in each when laid in exposed position to engageunder a nailing corner of a subjacent shingle in the roof.

11. A metallic shingle having a generally square body with opposed reversible truncated upper and lower butts and with side nailing cars which are adapted in adjacent shingles of a row to abut and provide a foundation shaped to receive the butt of an overlying shingle and to provide a horizontal matching edge for the overlying butt tip, matching beads symmetrically disposed in the marginal lap edges of the shingle body, corresponding aligning lock lips projecting symmetrically from the center of both truncated butt edges, the lowermost lip being adapted to tip and shingle ear edge having complemental center deformations which are adapted to interfit and accurately center the shingles as laid.

, ERNEST BUSSEY.

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