US2227536A - Apparatus for ether anesthesia - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 7, 1941. F. D'AGQSTlNQ 2,22 7,536

APPARATUS FOR ETHER ANESTHESIA i?? @MM Jan. 7, 1941. F. D'AcsosTlNo APPARATUS FOR ETHER ANESTHESIA.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 1, 1937 Patented Jan. 7, 1941 i, :2,227,536

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR ETHER ANESTHESIA Francesco diAgostino, Imola, Italy Application December 1, 1937, Serial No. 177,632 In Italy December 12, 1936 9 Claims. (Cl. 12B-192) My invention relates to a new apparatus for When the patient to which the mask is applied ether anesthesia allowing the formation of a subbreathes out, the valve I1 will be opened, wherestantially perfect mixture which is continually as the valves l1 and I3 remain closed, the bladproportioned according to the surgeons intender I4 will be inflated and receive the expired air.

5 tions and consists in overheated ether fumes When afterwards the patient breathes in, the combined with air and anhydrous carbonic acid valve I1 will be closed and the valve I1 and I3 breathed out by the patient. will be opened. The bladder I4 will release its The constructional features and the operation content of anhydrous carbonio acid (expired air) of the apparatus according to my invention may to the tube I2, where it is mixed with fresh air be understood by reference to the following dewhich enters through the open valve I3 and Am, scription taken in connection with the accompasses through the chamber II and the pipes I0 panying somewhat diagrammatical drawings. to the receiver 4 which contains wool cotton im- Fig. 1 represents a first form of carrying out pregnated with ether by the continuous regulated my present invention. supply from the drip-cock I9. The mixture is l5 Fig. 2 represents a second form of the apparacompelled by the inspiration of the patient to 15 tus according to my invention.' descend through the first compartment 4', to Fig. v3 shows a sectional view of a drip-cock pass through the net 6 in the lower free space of adapted for use in the apparatus. the receiver 4 and to rise then through the sec- Fig. 4 shows a sectional View of a double valve 0nd 00m-Parimenti 4", the pipes I0 and the operating in two directions without springs-and chamber II to the flexible inhalation tube I5 20 to be used with theapparatus. reaching at last the mask IE through the open The apparatus represented in Figure 1 convalve I1'. Thus the patient inspires a mixture sists in a boiler I containing water, which is 0f anhydrous carbonio acid (from the bladder heated by means of an eleetrie resistance 2, or by I4) of fresh air (from the valve I3), and of overany other suitable means; the temperature of the heated ether fumes (from the YeCeVeI' COmDflt- ,25 water is indicated by a thermometer 3. The ments 4 and 4). 'Ihe mixture contains also a main member of the apparatus is located in the certain degree of moisture collected from the boiler I that is to say a receiver 4 divided in two Water-Vet 3 warmed by a tube i', and VepOU-I compartments 4 and 4" separated from each formed therein is aspired by the described curother by a diaphragm 5 which contacts at its rent of the mixture towards the net in the re- .p30

lower edge a gauze-net 6, extending to the walls ceiver 4 and mixes with the said current. of the receiver. Below this net the receiver is In the fOrm O my apparatus ShOWrl in Fig. 2, @Xtended S0 as t0 form a funnel ending with the the boiler I is externally like the boiler accordpipe 1 in the water-vat 8. The wool cotton that ing to Fig. l, but besides the electric resistance absorbs the ether is placed in the two compart- 2 in the bottom, Other heating resistances 22 are 35 ments 4 and 4" of the receiver 4. Several pipes provided in the middle of the boiler in order to l!) and I connect the two compartments 4 and heat the pipes 23, 24, leading ffOm the JDWG 4" and the two chambers Il and I l' respectively. chambers 26 and 21 to the mixing chamber 2t From these two chambers the pipes I2 and I2 and in Order' D0 heel? furthermore the pipe 25 lead outside through the cover of the boiler I. through which the ether drops are falling to the The pipe I2 is provided with a valve I3 and an chamber 21. In this chamber a first mixing of 40 extensible bladder I4 from which a flexible tube ether fumes with air and vapour is obtained by I5 leads to the mask le, a suitable valve l1 being its being in connection with the valve 30, provided at the joining point. The other pipe through the pipe 29 and with the water vat 3l I2 also leads by a flexible tube I5 having a through the pipe 32. The water vat 3l is as 45 valve I1' to the mask IB. A graduated ether shown tightly closed and the water therein is ilask I8 with a drip-cock I9 communicates with slowly heated due to the thermic conductivity of the receiver 4 by means of the vertical pipe 2B the pipe 32. The Water Vapor therefore which is directly above the diaphragm 5. formed escapes through the pipe 32 and enters The pipe 'I is closed at the bottom and is prothe mixing receptacle 21. The mask for the pa- 50 vided with several lateral holes 9 through which tient is not shown in this gure, but only the inthe water of the container 8 may enter into the halation pipe 3B and the exhalation pipe 35 with interior of the pipe 1 where it will be evaporated the extensible bladder 33 and the valve 3ft havunder the action of the electrical resistance 2. ing the same functions as the analogous members The operation of the apparatus is as follows: I2-I4 of the Fig. 1. The manner in which they 55 different elements of the anesthetic mixture are mixed with each other are somewhat different in this second constructional form. The anhydrous carbonio acid which was collected in the extensible bladder 33 during the breathing Out phase, is released during the breathing in phase and mixed with fresh air in the chamber 2'5 from which, always under the effect of the partial vacuum, which in this latter phase is acting through the pipe 36 in the mixing chamber 28, it will be aspired through the pipe 23, where it is warmed by the resistance 22 and finally mixed with the other elements of the mixture in the chamber 28. These other elements, such as ether, moisture and fresh air, before reaching the mixing chamber 28 are premixed in the chamber 2l connected by the pipe 29 with the air valve 3i), by the pipe 32 with the water-vat 3| and by the pipe 25 with the graduated ether-flask 38. The top end 3l of the pipe 25 is enlarged and has a glass window to observe the effect of the manual regulation of the ether by the drip-cock 39. This drip-cock, as shown in section in Figure 3, is characterised by the Z-form of the inner channel 4i) and by the lateral penetration of the conical point of the needle 4I in the said channel for the purpose of regulation.

Fig. 4 shows a form of a double-acting valve which is in connection with the patients mask by means of the pipe 42 in which the current of breath passes inthe two directions, respectively opening and closing the two valves 43 and 44 which have no springs and in the state of rest are both closed only by gravity. The valve 43 is opened by the breathing out current and the valve 44 is opened by the breathing in current.

This form of execution of the apparatus has the advantage of securing a` greater individual regulation of the temperature for the several elements forming the anesthetic mixture. It is to be understood that the constructional elements may change and that parts may be omitted, as for instance, the water vats 8, 3| since moisture may be obtained also from the hot water contained in the boiler I.

The advantages of both forms of execution compared with the known type of apparatus for ether anesthesia are the following:

(1) No initial sensation of suffocation for the patient;

(2) A very eicient pulmonary ventilation is assured without applying to the volitive faculties of the potient;

(3) Absence of any irritation of the respirative ways;

(4) Absence of a period of excitation of the patient;

(5) The complete anesthesia is obtained in less time;

(6) Perfect releasing of abdominal walls;

('7) Presence of the reflexes during the anesthesia proving the absence of the poisonous eifect on the bulbary centres;

(8) Rapid awakening without vomiting;

(9) Possibility of controlling the conditions of the patient as his respiration is visible with the movements of the extensible bladder;

(10) Utilization of an autogen gas (anhydrous carbonic acid) for the physiological .excitation of the bulbary centres;

(l1) Possibilty to use the apparatus after the closure of the ether supply for facilitating the awakening by means of the excitation of the bulbary centres by the anhydrous carbonio acid breathed out;

(12) Consequent abolition of the bulbary complications (heart, respiration), pulmonary and cardial accidents (inflammation of the lungs, cardial paralyses, etc.);

(13) Simplicity of use;

(14) Economy of ether.

What I claim is:

1. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination of a container adapted to contain water forming a water bath, means for heating said Water, a receptacle located in said bath for the evaporation of ether, means supplying controlled quantities of ether to said receptacle, means for supplying fresh air to said receptacle, means for supplying expirated air to said receptacle, means for supplying moisture to said receptacle whereby said ether vapor, fresh air, expirated air and moisture may be mixed in said receptacle, a mask for a patient and exhalation and inhalation connections between said mask and said receptacle.

2. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination of a container adapted to contain water forming a water bath, means for heating said water bath, means for mixing ether vapor, fresh air, expirated air and moisture located in said water bath and means for supplying said mixture to a patient.

3. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination of a container adapted to contain water forming a water bath, means for heating said water bath, means having an inlet and an outlet end located in said water bath for mixing ether vapor, expirated air, fresh air and moisture, a mask for the patient, means connecting said mask to the inlet and of said mixing means, means connecting said mask to the outlet end of said mixing means and means automatically connecting the patient to either the inlet or the outlet of said mixing means dependent upon whether said patient is exhaling or inhaling.

4. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination of a container adapted to contain water forming a water bath, means for heating said water bath, means having an inlet end and an outlet end located in said Water bath for mixing ether vapor, expirated air, fresh air and moisture, a mask for the patient, means connecting said mask to the inlet end of said mixing means, means connecting said mask to the outl let end of said mixing means and means automatically connecting the patient to either the inlet or the outlet end of said mixing means dependent upon whether said patient is exhaling or inhaling and means controlling the quantity of ether vapor.

5. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination of a container adapted to contain Water forming a water bath, means for heating said water, a receptacle located in said water bath having an inlet compartment and an outlet compartment, a mask for a patient, means connecting said mask to said inlet compartment, a valve in said last named means communicating with the atmosphere, a bladder also in said last named means (for storing expirated air, means for supplying ether to said receptacle in regulated quantitles in order to be vaporized, means for supplying moisture to said receptacle and means ccnnecting said mask with said outlet compartment.

6. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination of a container adapted to contain Water forming a water bath, means for heating said Water, a receptacle located in said Water bath having an inlet compartment and an outlet com- Cie partment, a mask for a patient, means connecting said mask to said inlet compartment, a Valve in said last named means communicating with the atmosphere, a bladder also in said last named means for storing expirated air, means for supplying ether to said receptacle in regulated quantities in order to be vaporized, means for supplying moisture to said receptacle and means connecting said mask with said outlet compartment and `valve means controlling said means connecting said mask to said inlet and outlet compartments.

'7. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination comprising a container adapted to f contain water forming a water bath, means for heating said Water, a receptacle located in said bath for the evaporation of ether, means supplying controlled quantities of ether to said receptaole, means for supplying fresh air to said receptacle, means for supplying expirated air to said receptacle, means for supplying moisture to said receptacle whereby a mixture of ether Vapor, fresh air, expirated air and moisture may be mixed in said receptacle, a mask for a patient, exhalation and inhalation connections between said mask and said receptacle, said means for supplying fresh air including a conduit in said water bath whereby said air is heated and said inhalation connection including a conduit in said water bath whereby said mixture may be heated.

8. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination comprising a container adapted to contain water forming a water bath, means for heating said water bath, means for mixing ether vapor, fresh air, expirated air and moisture 1ocated in said water bath, means for supplying said mixture to a patient, means for heating said fresh air by said water bath prior to the mixing of said fresh air with said ether vapor and means for heating said mixture by said water bath before supplying said mixture to a patient.

9. In an apparatus for ether anesthesia, the combination comprising a container adapted to contain water forming a water bath, means for heating said water bath, means for mixing ether Vapor, fresh air, expirated air and moisture located in said water bath, means for supplying said mixture to a patient, means for heating said fresh air and expirated air by said Water bath prior to the mixing of said fresh air with said ether vapor and means for heating said mixture by said water bath before supplying said mixture to a patient.

FRANCESCO DAGOSTINO.

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