US2260306A - Pump - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 28, 1941. A, D FERGUSAQN Y 2,260,306

PUMP

Filed April 16, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet l Oct. 2S, 1941. A, D FERGUSON. 2,260,306

PUMP Filed April 1e, 1938 5 sheets-sheet 2 7 l y 30 30 18 f3 12 u,

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Oct. 28, 1941.

A. D. FERGUSON 'PUMP Filed April 1e, 19:58 5 sheets-sheet 3 /7 15 18 ii --l/Z,

f5 M 39 a/ y/ "M 55 1/ 000,0 093 .63 0 W 71 y?. 7375 w, oo oo l? 774 'yryz 31 w27 51 5P@ (9h95 ziunZ/or:l Q Zexa nderlZ/Tzyyd'wz ,CML 4' :Awamoctu 28, 1941.

A. D. FERGUSON y PUMP Filed April 16, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 '4M/WM,

Patented Oct. 28, 1941 v.tzt-ogm;

Alexander D.

Ferguson, Michigan City, Ind., as-

signor to Sullivan Machinery Company, a cor- 10 Claims.

This invention relates to pumps, and more particularly to improvements chamber, diaphragm type which are especially useful in pumping liquids.

In oil well drilling, particularly where rotary drills, such as diamond core drills, are employed, it is desirable' to use mud fluid as a circulating fluid, so that the fluid, asv the rod line rapidly rotates, is throwny by centrifugal action into the walls of the drill hole to plaster the sides thereof, thereby to reduce the possibility of caving. Mud fluid is usually pumped into the drill hole under pressure by a conventional liquid pump of the piston type. It is relatively thick and often contains acid which exerts a corrosive action on the pump parts. Moreover, the conventional pumps are comparatively heavy, and it is desirable to cut down rtoa minimum the weight of the apparatus, so that transport thereof may be madeless difllcult. f

A primary object of provide a liquid pump, especially designed to be poration of Massachusetts Application April 16, 1938, Serial No. 202,374

in pumps of the multithe presentinvention 'is to used in pumping mud fluid in oil well drilling, inl

which the objectionable features of a conventional liquid pump are, to a substantial extent, eliminated. Another object is to provide an improved pump of the multi-chamber, diaphragm type having novel means for actuating the pump diaphragms, together with improved controlling valve means for regulating the pumping action. A further object is to provide an improved mud fluid pump especially designed tovuse in oil well drilling, for circulating the mud fluid in the drill hole. A still further object is toprovide a pump of the above character which is relatively simple and rugged in design and extremely compact and light in weight, well adapted to meet the demands of service in oil -well drilling work. Yet another object is to provide an improved pump especially designed to use generally in pumping liquids, and which is especially applicable to the pumping 0f liquids such as acids, which exert la corrosive action on metals. Still a further object is Yto provide an improved diaphragm-type, pressurefluid-operated pump having improved distribution means for vtheoperatlng fluid. Yet another object is to provide an improved vacuumactu, ated valve mechanism. Still another-object to provide an improved trigger-type valve actu-r ating system. Other objects and advantages of the invention will, moreover, hereinafter more fully appear. i In the accom shown for purposes which the invention may ying drawings there are of illustration two forms assume in practice. y

In these drawings,-

Fig. 1 is a plan view of one ment of the invention. I

Fig. 2 is a side elevationalview of the pump vshown in Fig. 1. i

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view ltaken substantially on line `3'3 of Fig. 2, and-with its showing partially diagrammatic.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken substantially' on line 4 4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but with parts omitted and with a number of the parts shown differently positioned.

illustrative embodi- Fig. 6 is a view' in longitudinal section talren substantially on line 6-6 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on line 1-1 of Figs. 2 and 6.

Fig. 8 is a detail sectional view, on a larger scale, showing a portion of the securing means for the pump diaphragm.

Fig. 9 is a detail view plate.

Fig. 10 Ill-III of Fig. 9. H

Fig. l1 is a horizontal sectional view somewhat similar to Fig. v3, showing anotherform of the invention.

Fig. 12 is a detail sectional view,

In the illustrative embodiment of the invention shownin Figs. 1 to` 10 inclusive, the numeral I generally designates a pump of themulti-chamber, diaphragm type, genemlly comprising a base 2, apump chamber casing `3, a motor driven pump I and a control valve mechanism generally designated 5. The pump chamber casing isherein shown as comprising a pair of -opposite end plates Ii, 6 and a. central body portion 1. A pedestal 8, herein integral with the pump casing 3 on the base, while a frame 9 supports the valve mechanism on the base. The pump casing body 1 and the heads 6,' 6 cooperate in providing laterally-spaced, circul vertical coaxial diaphragm chambers II and i2, and the bodyV 1 providesa` I3, intermediate pump chambers Il' and I5 and a top discharge chamber I8. As shown in Fig. 3, the chambers Il and I6 are divided by a diagonal vertical septum Il and communicate through perforated, disc-like strainer plates I8, I8 (see also Figs. 9 and 10) with the diaphragm cham-'- bers II and I2; `and as shown in Fig. 6, thepump chambers Il fand I5 are spaced from the dis-` charge chamber I6 by a generally horizontal wall showing a strainer screen wall 20. Inlet valves 2l,

is a detail sectional view taken on line the body 1, supports bottom liquid-'supply chamber` control the ow of liquidfrom the supply chamber I3 to the pump chambers |4 and I5, while 2,260,306 i 88 betweenthe .heads 84 and 85 and 89 between' discharge valves 22, 22, which may also be of any suitable type, control the discharge of liquid 'from the pump chambers |4 and I5 to the discharge chamber I8. The supply chamber is provided with a supply pipe 23, and the discharge chamber |8 is provided with'a discharge pipe 2 4.

As illustrated, clamped betweenjouter annular surfaces'on' the pump casing body and the detachable head members 8, 8 are iiexible diaphragms 28, 28, herein. preferably composed oIfav rubberized material, having their sides exposed 1 to the liquid to be pumped impregnated or coated'with a suitable acid-resistingsubstancel As phragm-clamping surfaces on the pump casing body and heads, between which the diaphragms are clamped, are serrated or roughened at 21, so

that'when the heads are clamped in position on the pump casing body, as by clamping bolts 28,

' shown most clearly-in Fig. 8,'thecoactinlg dia-I theheads 85 and 88. 'Ihe width of the grooves is such that each groove is capable of connect-l ing an adjacent pair of the portlngs 41, 48, 49, 59 and 5|. Rods 1| and 12 are xedly mounted,

coaxially with the valve 82, in the latter, and f project from the opposite ends of the valve, being surrounded byannular spring-receiving receses 13'and 14 openingthrough the yendsof the valve element.

in the bores 54 and 51. Connections 11 and 18 connect the motor spaces within the chambers II and I2, when the diaphragms 28 are in suchpoand 51.

the annular portions of the diaphragms adjacent their outer peripheries are securely held. It may be .noted that the remaining portions of the diaphragms 28 are movable withinv the diaphragm chambers-II and I2.and form movable ,l boundaries lfor the portions of- :such chambersv which -arein communication with the .pump chambers and I5 respectively, while the por,- tions oi' the diaphragm chambers whichlie to the `outsides of the diaphragms` respectively constitute motor spaces later to` be described lin more detail. 'I'he particular portions ofthe "diaphragm chambers I I, I2 which operateas motorspaces, are connected through suitable gratings 30,'with passages 3| Vand'32 respectively, which each constitute alternatively working fluid supply and exhaustv passages, and lead to'and are controlled by the valve mechanism 5. f y Referring now-in detailltofthev valve mecha*-` nismya d more particularlyto Figs.'3',`4 and V5, it win i `cludes a tr ated withy the chambers""|| *and I2.'A 'The valve 4|, 42 and 43. 'I'he chambers 40 and 42 'respec-L' ansversely extending valve cliestmex-y ber y35, herein connectedthrough couplings 38 and 81 with the heads 8, 8 respectively associ` l tivelyrcommunicate'with the passages and 32. The 'central annular chamber 14| yis a supply chamber, and the chambers 39 and 43, which'are` the outside, i. e. relatively most remote, cham- 3 bers, constitute exhaust chambers. -'I'he bore'38 "y y is provided withy av liner 145 suitably ported to] provide communicationhbetween itsinterior and the several annular chambers y39 to. 43 .through'f annular portings yrespectively designated 41, 48,

The ends of the valve chestmember 35 are pro;v l

videdv with closure members l52, 52. *Each of these is'provided ywith afprojecting'portion' of reduced size, ther left-hand head `in` Fig.' `Il having 1 its projecting portion v 53 vprovidedv withcoaxial bores 54 'and 55,'and the right-hand head mem# ber`52invFig. 3 having itsreduced-portion 58 i l provided with a bore 51 corresponding "tov the* .bore 54 and having a bushing'-` 5 8 bored at 59 to Suitable springs-19, having sulilcient strength trolof a valve 82, and'discharges through a line 83 tothe annular space ,4| in the valve chest memberv35. The annular exhaust spaces 39 and 43 are connected by lines 84 and 85 respectively with a return line 88, which maybe connected through a by-pass 81 withthe pumpintakezor v through a valve-controlled connection 88 Awith fr the liquid tank 8|. The rod 12, which isreciprocable, as abovexexplainedfwith the piston, valve 82, projects through the outer end of thebushing. 58, and is provided with a pair -of annular With these grooves, rollers grooves 9| and 92. 93 .carried by' pivoted arms 94 mounted for swinging movement by pivot --pins 95 .upon the` I head 52, are adaptedtofcoact. Springs 98 con-v '.nectadjustably locatable pins 91 carried in thearms 94 and cause 1 rollers- 93 to exertadditional holding force upon the. rod-,12, depending upon the location of the pins91. r Y z It should be understood vthat the pump 4 is of Vsuch a character "that it isr capable of vcontinued operation against veryv high pressures. Astaged centrifugal pump .would be one type which could be used. i The liquid system, includingthe motor spacesin the diaphragm chambers, the connections" 3| `and 32, the connections 11 and 18the distributingfvalve and vvalve chest spaces, :the n piping 83, 84,85, 88 and 81 andthe pump 4, -will be'provided with a quantity oiA liquid such that 'at the instant whenthedistributing valve is about tu be `thrown all thespaces to which it is conv nected to deliver iluid will be -illedwith liquid, and there will be sufficient fiuidin the spaces connected to the intake of the pump'4 so that, while a suction. sumcient to eiectmain pump' intake will be provided, vthe. pump 4 will stillfhave liquid at its intake. 1- v With the further understanding that the pressure necessary to move'the valve 82, when .the

latter is held stationary bythe rod 12 and trigger mechanism, exceeds `that'which is exerted'fby the plungers 15`or 18 and springs19 except when' the diaphragins have v completed their normal pumping movements, the operation of the-mecha-` nism will be readily understood. 'I'he mud il'uidr or other liquid to be pumped'is taken-into the intake chamber AI3, through the -pipe 23,'v and is adapted to be discharged from the discharge chamber through the discharge .line 24. With the'position oi' the -parts shown in Flg. 3, the por- L tion o! the-chamber I2 to the left of the-dia- Annular pistons 15 and 18 ksurround Y* the rods 1| and 12 respectively, and lit and slide lsp'ac'e 38, thel discharge' line l and 181s also'oi such phragni" 28 'and the v'pump' chamber'- 'I5 are filled 'W'ithf liquid "to be displaced, The ch'ambe l'l has thefspacet'its `Ieftfsitie filled 'withmtive liquid; butris connected withv the intake-"side *of the hydraulic' "umpv-4.- yThe'chamber |4 lsiilled withfmud' iiuid 'awaiting' entrance toV the portion of the chamber |I which will beto'the rightjbf the 'diaphragm 26 as that diaphragm `movesl to Now, the voperation of the arranged asin'lFig. 3--will force liquid'under 'con-f `sideable pressure'thrcugh the li e 88, the an'- vnular chamber! 4 I and' the 'porting `4'48,`V the" valve groove88,"the porting 50,"the annular chamber and conduit'32, andthe holesv in the grating, tov act upon the right-hand side of the diaphragm 26 arranged vin chamber I2; causing -thediaphragm to displace from chamber"v IZtheYinud fluid thereinand thereby effect a 'discharge'v 4oi? mud fluid fromA the' pumpfchaniber/ 5 through 'the ydischarge valve 'rn'ec'liianismly -22 thev discharge chamber I6, 'and t Aence throufg'h'fthe'discharge line 24'. Siniulta'neously,` the 'motiveliquid within the chamberl I Ito the leftfof the left hand'di- 'aphragm 26A willbe withdrawn throughgthe foon;-

4nection' 8 I', the annular groove 40, the porting 48,

thegroove 81l in* the valvefthe yporting 4l, 'the y 84 and'r the" return line 86; arid the left hand diaphragm'f 'will' be caused to move toe'irectl-tne'entryvof aoiaphragm chamber Aiull ofliquid from the" int'alt'e Achamber I4 tothe chamber II. *When the'diaphr'a'gm'26 associated Vwithffchar'nber' I2 li`asf i)eenvv moved to the position'shownin Fig; fco'ntinued operation of the pump will increase'thel pump discharge pressure "within the 'chamber y I2, vand since, with the"'diaphrf'gm` member offchar'nber I2,v moved pump vt iwitrrther parte vom from theV positionshownv in 'Fig.`^3,'- the pressure y acting upon its right When` this pressureA has increased sufliciently -to compressthe spring'within the spring chamber i 51, as will occur when the piston'l' moves tothe leftin Fig; 3,-to a position corresponding to` that o irfthe piston 15'; apresvsure sumcient-to 'move the r'o'd" "I2l longitudinally despite' vthe action or fthe rollers `93, `will be developed; and thevalve:` 82

groove '82 and hold the valve 'inthe position of Fig. 5 until conditions 'for a 'reverse iiow are brought about byv thedevelopment `oi "a high pressure to act upon the outer end oi the piston 15.-

It will be observed that the springs actingto move the piston valve 82 in'opposite directions are of such lengtluandthat the travel o i the pistons length, `that even attire completion of valvej'throwing there is a'prepon derance oipressure'in the throwing direction until after the piston 15 or 18 which has effected the throwing starts to lmove 'outwardly in'` itsrespective cylinder, It should ber noted with'respect to Fig'. 3 that this is kan instantaneous position, so to speak, and thatkthe piston 18 -is shown in the position it 'occupied' to effect the throwing of thedistributing valve A82, instead ,of in the position in the'left-handy Aend oi' theI cylinder 54 which it will yoccupy almst immediately' alter the position of'the distributing valve shown` in Fig. 3 isestablishec'l. It will be ynotedV that the points of4 communication of thepassages l171 and 18 .will be so related' relative tothediaphragm v clmbers that any small rises in pressure-during n sideis enabledfthrough the connectionfI8',"toact upon thelpiston' '18','Kthati piston will b'e subjected'to the increased pressure.

Qin

' grooved to enable `portings for connecting chamber l 4I', discharge cha l `mediate' the central chamber*4|"'1andf each 4of lthe "chambers l spacejthsef numbered respectivelyz40' `andra-42' material as Alnico.

.the 'chamber in which the lvalve `:hand endl oi 'the starting of diaphragm' movement 7 will: .not s be transmitted the facesv of the plates.L or. heads. 8',Y 8 coulda-.be l action,I onv a larger diaphragm area-*of 'the pumping i fliquid, immediatelyffs;r upon sunplvt'thereof, if 'desired'. l 1'- 1 AThelfv'alv'e mechanism described,l is: positiveein action; A does not lhave any tendency'ito `stop in anintermdiate position; and lisziirmly heldin itsy differentworking =positions\fwhile inl them. -By appropriate/selection i of materials,: the .pump chamber' ,'gratings, 1T the valve mechanisms. and the 'diaphragme' can be' made to berv very durable and'largelyimmune to injury by the mud-fluid o'raci'd;y "A light" and` powerful i pumping a-u'nit isi provided' by they structure described.l -l ri.

lligy.i-11=shows a different embodiment Yoffthe invention; v:The details 'ofi the fpu'riip `casing ibody, the pumpcasing .heads .arid most' ofthe 'structure 'of 'the distributing 'valve'fchamber' arezthel same as the a structure disclosedin-vliigs; 1 .tol 10..'in-

clusivebut' instead" o! 'fedectingf high@ pressure the holding-of the valvein its opposite :positions is effected by' magnetic, vrather thanftrigge'rtype; detent mechanism.

'Bearing 'in mind thatcorrespondingun- `changedfparts ywill be lnumbered the same 'asin I ber4 observed that lthe jvalve Fgsl Y1 to 10,'it may mechanism 51 of Fig; 11 'comprises a Lvalver chest member '-35' having si 'liner "45t pbvidedV with its interior'y at its longitudinal fc'e'nter `with Yan "annularffluid` supply andl its fends'l "with annular nuid mbers 38 'and43';` ndflinterand connectedthrough conduits 3|' and13lr 'with thechar'nbers II'and I2.'` The valve 182i' isfherei'n desirablyf'made of f light `material; as, lior example; of aluminum', 'and-` is provided at its'A opposite ends withI platesof'ironfor other suitable n material which may A"co'act with vstationary 'per- |00 flxe'dly arrangedlfin the `heads^|01 and'Y |08' oi'- the valve'fchestf-body 38'; The headsy |01 and |08 are preferably made of-nonmagnetic material'and'the magnets |85 and |08 may advantageously bemade 1 of such Each of :Lthe heads |01 and |08 isprovided withva chamber I|0` containing alspring-pressed 'checkv valve f| I having va stem II2` projecting into'the boreo'rthe liner vsuihciently far so that when'the valve'il'is in either of its extremeopposite positi'onspits end shall strike the lstemfof 'one Vof the'valves `I I2 and open the latter. The-left-handfendof |52" is` `reciprocable, is connected ing a check valve the passage 3|', with that passage andthe rightconnected* lthrough "a passage I I5* and'. a check valve `I I8 opening" towards theipassage', with the latter;

` 83;'connected` with th kchamber 4I. Lines-84 and 85 connectthe spaces l38' fand 43-withva returnv line 86 which'connects-throu'gh *a Ioy-pass With the intake Side `ofthe pump "Aliquid reservoir-is providedat tothe pistons andtlrr Obviously through' a` passage I3,1hav I |I4` therein opening Atowards distributing vvalve 'chamber `Ais` Theforce pump 4 has itsrdischarge' 8 I, 'and its 'fcomznunicacompletes this rright-'hand side tions with the return-line '86 and with theA suction'V side ofrthe pump` 4 arerespeetively con- 4 trolled by valves and 82, all as in F'lg. 3.I -Ob- Y .v1ous1y," by suitablecontrol of the valves AUZ- and 'y 88 therequisitef quantity of motive liquid'may be insured in the hydraulic system. Desirably,-the

' linerlifl'andpossibly'also the entire valve chest member f35.".may. be-lmade Vof non-magnetic f material, vSeniat `the accionar the'distributmg Letters Patent is: f

at atmosphericpressure into' the right-hand end ofthe valve vchest, thusrelievingthe vacuum.

The magnet-i |705; nowy holds thevalve 6 2 in the right-hand position. .-The-pump'yknow pumps liquid'4 throughr the passage V32- to act upon the of f thenright-hand diaphragm 26;V andtheliquidtothe. left of itheflefthand diaphragm 26- is pumped-out. yAssoon asthe' diaphragm-Nin the chamber Il reaches its left- 'hand' extreme; position, a substantial vacuum willy be-produced'in thep'as'sage 3|' and this-.will

result f inria reduction in .l pressure, .Within the Yspace to the left of the Ivalve A62v in the chamber in which the `-f1 atter moves, so great vthat the -diilerential in pressure-on the opposite ends of the valve will overcome the holdingforce of the magnet |05, .and lvalve 62 will be .snapped-.over Zito its 4'left-handiposition. It will therel open f valve l l lin .the head 108, Vbreaking the. vacuum; yand'jbepheldinfitsnew position bythe magnet klliil. vIt willbe.v noted that thev pumping .fluid cannot r-be .discharged from either the.I passage 3|! or the passage 32' into either offthe opposite ends-ofI the lchamber in which the valve. 21 moves... The'quantity ofliquid in the pump operating system will bechosenso that itwill be less :than vsufcierit completelyfto ll the entire `f system, It'heactuaiamount being-'determined similarly to the methodused in connection with the system of Figs. 1A to 10. `As air in small quan`1 `for admission. to said motor titywill be 'takeninto thefsystem upon each re-3 Vversaly ofthe valve,'suitable= means for itsV discharge must be provided. Such means must pre-3 Y ,floatvalve I I 8 .descriptionso-far given. r

.fluidatatmospheric.pressureacting upon one end overcome a magnetic .valve lioldingforce.A

Whue, there are in .this eppueatin speeinf clude, liquid discharge-'so' a combination-of aV and-,ajcheck valve l|9such as isvv show n iniFig. 12 may be advantageouslyrusedn Av location at the. top of each 'diaphragmy chamvber will be advisable;y ,and any suitable-,valve `means maybe employed. The continuousvoperationof lthe'fpumpy will be apparent fromthe1 i6@ ofthe valve,v followinggthe production of a vac- Y' uum'l atgthe other fendqof the valve; acting to In -bothembodimentsortheinventiomit: will i l be appreciatedfthat,therey is provided acom- .1 paratively simpleconstruction of relativelylight 'l -weight,fcapableof theproduction of therequisite f pumping pressures, not likelyto beiinjulred bythe 1, presence. of. subst ances `in ftl'iefliquid pumped i which would be harmflulfto ordinary steel,.recipl rocating-type pumps; and;v Vofl generalwapplicaj .tion, as well,as especiallyadapted to the particf f 'ular eld for-whichthepresent villustrative em l ,bodiments arepxjimarily intended. f

.ated vvalve having V4.Y In combination,l in

.ingon'eend of said valve l Y ceeding atmospheric, means for subjectingfthe op# fled and vembodied -in various other forms without departing i'romvits spirit or the yscope of -the l appended claims.y

lWhat Ifclaim as new 1,. In combination, in a diaphragm p1in ip,` a chamber having a movable diaphragm dividing its interior into pump andmotor spaces, means for supplying and exhaustingmotive iiuid rela.

tive to said motor space actuated valve. and acontrolling passage including a pressure duid Space. i

V2.- InV combination, in .a .diaphragm"pump,l av

chamber havinga movable diaphragm dividing its `interior into pump "and motor spacesmeans vfor supplying and exhausting motive iiuid relative to said.. motor space associated therewith means for holding the same he valve is subjected to a greater pressure than is lifiorxriallv present in said motor space during. displacement-.of fluid from said pump space, and ya throwing passage for said -valve connectedwith saidmotor 'space at apoint covered by said diaphragxn when said valve e space.V y 3,.. In combination, in a diaphragm pump, a chamber having a diaphragm movable thereinfto vary inversely the of, inlet and .exhaust valvesffiy a iiuid to, be pumped connected with said chamber at one side of said diaphragm', means withdrawing Afromv the other sideof said diaphragm a fluid underpressure, and means for switching the pressure .fluid connections, said last mentioned means having .oppositely facing surfaces one subjected to .atmosphericupressure to effectactuation of said means when. the other surface. is subjected to subatmo'spheric pressure produced at one side of,saidl diaphragm rafter the latter reaches one ofits extreme positlons;

a pressure-nuid-operated pump having a'filuid actuated pump element,

lpump operating fluid Asupply mean'sincluding'a reversely movable valve for controlling. thesuprplyoif pump operating iiuid; relative to said pump element, magnetic means for holding said valvel in oppositeextreme positions, and means for subjecting the opposite end s of said .valve alter natelyto Lvacuum andto atmospheric pressurefto eiectthrowing of saidlvalve.

5.v In combination, in a pressuree-iluidfoperated pump yhaving a Viluid actuated Vpumpfelement,` pumpeoperating iluid supply means includingv a Arevers'ely-movable valve for controlling rthe supply of pumpkope'rating fluid relative' tofsaid pump elementmagnetic meansl for holding said valve in extreme opposite positions, meansfor subjectposite endr of Vvsaid valve tol a lower pressureto produce al dierential throwingy pressure thereon, andV means actuated by 'said valve for ad- .inittingfpressur'e to restore thelower pressurelto atmospheric.

" v6.l,"n combination, in apr'essure-fluid-operated pumpliavinga Atluidfactuat-ed pump element..

-pump operating ifiuid supplymeans includinga Iit' will be understood l desire to s ecure I for said .valve connected with said motor space at a pointy covered by said diaphragm when'said valve as- .sumes 'the-position for admission to saidmotor including a pressure iluidactue f against throwing except when assumesuthe .position f volumes atoppositesidestherf Iordelivering lto and toa pressure not exreversely movable valve for controlling the supply of pump operating iluid relative to said pump element, magnetic means for holding said valve in extreme opposite positions, means for subjecting one end oi said valve atmospheric, means forv subjecting the opposite end of said valve to a lower pressure to produce a differential throwing pressure thereon, and means for admitting pressure to restore the lower pressure to atmospheric.

7. In combination, in a pressure-fluid-operated pump having a fluid actuated pump element, pump operating fluid supply means including a reversely movable valve fr controlling the supply of pump operating fluid relative to said pump element, permanent magnetic means for holding said valve in opposite extreme positions, and means for effecting opposite throwing movements of said valve.

8. Infoombination, in a pressure-iluid-operated pumpv having a uid actuated pump element, pump operating fluid supply means including a valve for controlling the supply of pump operating fluid, springsf exerting opposite pressures on said valve in directions ter, pistons movable to vary the compression of said springs, and means for subjecting said pisto a pressure not exceeding l tons alternately to pressures transmitted"l past said valve.

9. In combination, ber pump, a distributing valve for supplying pressures to effect discharge from one chamber and intake into the other and viceversa in alternation, springs alternatively active to throw said valve, and means for loading said springs to a valve-throwing pressure including pistons coaxial longitudinally of the lat- 25 with said valve.

10. In a pump, chambers having` in combination, diaphragm diaphragms therein dividing their interiors `into pump and motor spaces, meansk for subjecting the motor space side of one diaphragm to pressure and the motor spaceside of the other to suction, means forreversing the' pressure conditions upon said diaphragms including a reclprocably movable valve, means vfor connecting one end of said valve to atmosphere when in oneof its extreme positions, and means subjected to the pressures in said motor spaces and operative at a predetermined subatmospheric pressure therein for connecting ythe other end of said valve to the motor space in which the subatmospheric pressure exists and producing a` differential throwing pressure thereon.

ALEXANDER D. FERGUSON.

in a multi-Working-cham--

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