US2267607A - Refrigerating apparatus - Google Patents

Refrigerating apparatus Download PDF

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US2267607A
US2267607A US260601A US26060139A US2267607A US 2267607 A US2267607 A US 2267607A US 260601 A US260601 A US 260601A US 26060139 A US26060139 A US 26060139A US 2267607 A US2267607 A US 2267607A
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condenser
temperature
pressure
compressor
evaporator
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US260601A
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William J Harvey
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Detroit Lubricator Co
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Detroit Lubricator Co
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/17Condenser pressure control

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  • My invention relates to new and usei'ul improvements in refrigerating apparatus, and more particularly to means for controlling the operation of the same.
  • a further object of my invention is provide means by which a sufliciently frequent cycling of a refrigerating system will be accomplished to overcome this condition of deleterious condensation of moisture.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide a unit structure which is compact, economical of manufacture and easy to install.
  • the invention consists in the novel apparatus and the cooperative relation of the parts of the system.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing a refrigerating apparatus having means forcontrol-i ling the operation of the same in accordance with my invention
  • Fig. 2 is a modification of my invention showing an alternative means for controlling operation of my apparatus.
  • the numeral I designates a refrigerating compressor driven by a motor 2 by means of a belt 3.
  • the motor! is supplied with electrical energy from a source of supply through main lead wires 4, 5.
  • a control apparatus generally designated 6,.which operates to start and stop the motor 2.
  • Upon operation of the compressor l refrigerant vapor is discharged therefrom through a conduit I into a condenser-receiver 8 where it is condensed into a liquid.
  • the condensed liquid refrigerant flows from the condenser-receiver i through a conduit 9 to an evaporator, generally designated I 0, walk-in cooler or meat box, generally designated H.
  • a conduit or suction line I2 conveys the vaporous refrigerant from the evaporator it to the inlet of.the refrigerant compressor I.
  • the flow of liquid refrigerant'from the liquid conduit 8 to the evaporator I8 is controlled by means of an expansion valve l3 interposed in the conduit 9 adjacent the inlet to the evaporator l0.
  • a temperature sensitive bulb H Secured to the return line l2 adjacent the outlet of the evaporator I0 is a temperature sensitive bulb H communicatively connected by means of located within and for cooling a' the usual capillary tube l to the thermostatic power element or the expansion valve ll so that the valve is operable to maintain liquid refrigerant throughout the entire length or the evaporator I0.
  • the control apparatus 6 comprises a casing l5 having side walls l1, l8, 9. top wall I! and a bottom wall 20.
  • a pressure sensitive power element 22 is secured to the sidewall l8 by means of screws 2
  • An annular ring 26 is sealed to the inner wall of the member 24 adjacent its open end and carries one end or the bellows element 25. The other end of the bellows element 25 extends toward the bottom wall 25 of the cup-shaped member 24 and is sealed to a rigid, movable end wall 21.
  • the member 24, bellows element 25, ring 25, and wall 21 cooperate to form a sealed pressure sensitive chamber 28 communicatively connected with the suction line l2 through a conduit 29.
  • One end of a horizontally extending thrust member 80 is secured to the end wall 21 and the other end extends through an aperture in the casing side wall 18 into the interior of the casing Ii, and terminotes in a cone-shaped portion which engages a socket portion II on a vertically extending arm 82 of a. bell crank lever 38 pivotally secured, as at 54, to the casing 18.
  • the other or horizontal arm 85 of the bell crank lever 83 is spaced from and is parallel to the bottom wall 20 and projects toward the side wall Il.
  • a thrust member 59 has one end secured to the plate member 56 and its other end extending toward and operable to engage the top wall IQ of the casing l6 to limit collapsing movement of the bellows 55.
  • a lever member 60 is pivotally carried by the spacer member 52, as at SI, for rotational movement, and has one end 62 received within an aperture 63 in the lower end of the thrust member 59. The other end 64 of the lever member 60.pivotally carries the upper end 55 o! a thrust rod 66.
  • the thrust rod 66 extends through an aperture in the top wall 18 and into the casing l6 so that the lower end 51 is operable to engage the upper side of and to move the switch arm member 45 into circuit closed position upon a predetermined low pressure in the power element 5
  • a vertically extending adjustment member 10 having a slotted head-portion H is screw-threaded in the horizontal portion 6] and has a lower end portion 12 abutting a plate-like spring abutment member 18.
  • a helical coil adjusting spring 14 is held under compression between the plate 13 and a spring abutting plate 15 having a downwardly other end of the member 35* extends toward the abutment member 35 and a plate-like abutment member "having a portion 39 received within a socket 40 in the vertically extending arm 52 of the bell crank lever 88, and exerts a force opposing movement of the arm 32 by the power element 22, due to increase in pressure within the chamber 28.
  • a thrust rod 42 has. one end pivotally connected, as at 48, to the arm 85 and has its other end pivotally secured, as at 44, to a switch arm member 45.
  • the switch arm member 45 is fulcrumed, as at 45, on the wall IT.
  • a contact member 41 carried by the switch ann member 45 cooperates with a stationary contact member 48 to make and break the electrical circuit through the lead wire 4 to the motor 2.
  • 7 is secured to but spaced from the top wall l9 of easing I! by means of a hollow spacer mem- ,end oi'the bellows extends within the memher" and is sealed by a rigid plate'member 56.
  • the members 58, 54 and 58 and the bellows 55 cooperate to form a pressure sensitive chamber I! which is communicatively connected by means of a'conduit 58 to the compressor discharge conduit'l so that the power element 5
  • the member HI and spring 14 cooperate to regulate the predetermined low pressure at which the power element 5
  • the condenser-receiver 8 contains a water cooled condensing coil having an inlet 8
  • a pressure sensitive valve, generally designated 83, is secured to the outlet 82 and controls the flow of cooling water to the condenser-receiver coil 80.
  • a con-- duit 84 has one end 85 secured to the top end wall of and in communication with the condenser-receiver 8 and its other end 88 secured to and in communication with the power element 81 of the valve 83.
  • the bulb member I00 contains a quantity of volatile, temperature sensitive liquid and is communicatively connected bymeans of a capillary tube III to the power element SI of the control apparatus 6, so that the temperature, and consequently the pressure of the refrigerant within the condenser-receiver 8 is reflected by means of the pressure in the closed system comprising the bulb I00, capillary tube llll and power element 5
  • Liquid refrigerant of a suitable nature flows from the condenser-receiver-8 through the liquid conduit 8 to the expansionvalve, I ⁇ where it flows into the evaporator i0, and its flow is so regulated by the'valve I S'that during operation of the compressor the entire length oi the evaporator contains evaporating liquid refrigerant but none passes into the conduit I2.
  • the vaporous Cooling water is supplied to the,
  • refrigerant flows from the evaporator ll through the conduit I! to the inlet of the compressor l where it is compressed by the compressor and discharged through conduit 1 to the condenserreceiver 8 where the high pressure, vaporous refrigerant is condensed by means of the cooling coil 80 back to a liquid.
  • the valve '3 acts to control the flow of cooling water through the cooling coil 80 in response to fluid pressure in the condenser-receiver 8 to maintain a predetermined, substantially constant condensing temperature of the refrigerant during periods of compressor operation.
  • the control apparatus -6 normally operates to maintain the pressure in the suction line I!
  • and spring 14 cooperate to rotate the lever member 60 in a clockwise direction to release the switch arm member. 45 for normal operation under the influence of the Themedetermined pressures at which the power element 5
  • the predetermined minimum pressure at which the power element I is set to move the contact members I1,- I to circuit making posi-- tion is preferably above the normal pressure at which the power element 22 is operable to cause operation of the compressor so that the temperature of the compressor l and the condenserreceiver 8 will be maintained above the temperature at which the refrigerant from the evaporator acts to distill over into the crankcase to cause slugging or pumping of oilupon starting of'the compressor.
  • I also maintain the compressor I abovethe temperature at which the liquid might distill into the crankcase of the compressor l and. remain there at a pressure below the cut-in pressure of the power element 1! so that refrigeration within the meat box I I will cease.
  • Fig. 2 The operation of Fig. 2 is similar to that of I Fig. 1 except that operation of the power element 5
  • a refrigerating system having a liquidcooled condenser
  • means to supply warm refrigerant medium to the condenser and means operable to render said supply means effective upon a decrease of condenser temperature to a temperature below normal condenser operating temperature but above a subnormal condenser temperature which would cause freezing of the condenser liquid thereby to avoid deleterious effects on the condenser.
  • a refrigerating system having a condenser adapted for condensing a refrigerant medium, means for supplying the refrigerant medium to the condenser, means controlling operation of said supply means, and means operable to actuate said controlling means at a refrigerant medium condenser pressure below normal condenser'operating pressure to start the supplying of refrigerant medium to the condenser.
  • a refrigerating system having a condenseradapted for condensing a refrigerant medium, means for supplying the refrigerant medium to the condenser, means controlling operation of said supply means, and means to actuate said controlling means upon decrease of condenser pressure substantially to a pressure which would render the system inoperative.
  • operating refrigerating sys- I tem having a condenser for condensing a gaseous refrigerant medium, means operable to supply the gaseous refrigerant medium to said condenser and rendered effective at spaced intervals, and means operable upon a predetermined decrease in temperature of said condenser below normal condenser operating temperature to render said 5 means effective intermediate said intervals of and means operable intermediate said intervals of operation and upon occurrence of a predeter- 'mined condenser pressure to establish an increased condenser pressure.
  • a condenser operable to supply gaseous refrigerant medium to said condenser and rendered effective at spaced intervals, and means operable intermediate said intervals of operation and upon occurrence of a predetermined condenser pressure-to render said operable means effective.
  • a cyclically operating refrigerating system having a condenser and an evaporator, means operable to supply refrigerant medium withdrawn from the evaporator to the condenser, means operable intermittently to actuate said supply means, and means continuously effective to render said supply means operable irrespective of said intermittent means thereby to maintain the condenser pressure and temperature greater than the evaporator pressure and temperature.
  • an electric switch controlling operation of said compressor, means normally controlling said switch, and means operable in accordance with the pressure of the refrigerant medium discharged from said compressor and acting at a discharge pressure substantially below normal discharge operating pressure to actuate said switch to start operation of said compressor irrespective of said normaliy controlling means.
  • an electric switch controlling operation of said compressor, means to movesaid switch to closed position, and means operable in accordance with the pressure-o1 the refrigerant medium discharged from said oompressor and opposing closure of said switch by said switch moving means, said operable means acting upon decrease of discharge pressure below normal discharge operating pressure to release said moving means to close said switch.
  • a refrigerating system means defining a space to be cooled, a heat transfer means located in heat transfer relation with and for cooling said space, means operable upon energization to remove heat from said transfer means, means operable intermittently to energize said operable means so that heat is removed from said transfer means and the temperature of said transfer means is lowered thereby to maintain said space within a desired temperature range, means to discharge the heat removed from said transfer "means, and means responsive to the temperature of said discharge means and operable automatically upon a reduction of temperature of said discharge means to energize said first-named operable means prior to energization thereof by said intermittent means.
  • a heat transfer means having a predetermined range of temperature variation and located in heat transfer relation with and for cooling said space, means operable upon a temperature increase of said transfer means to the upper limit of said range to remove heat from and to lower the temperature of said transfer means to thelower limit of said predetermined range thereby to maintain said space within a desired temperature range, and means operable upon a reduction of temperature of the medium surrounding said space to start operation of said operable means irrespective of the temperature of said transfer means.
  • an enclosure to be maintained within a desired temperature range .andrsubject to variations in temperature
  • a heat abstracting unit affected by changes in ambient temperature external of said enclosure
  • a cooling coil located within said enclosure and operatively connected to said unit, means to start operation of said unit at a predetermined high temperature of said coil and to stop operation of said unit at a predetermined low temperature of said coil'to maintain the temperature of said cooling coil between predetermined high and low temperature limits, and means rendered effective by decrease of ambient temperature and operable upon such decrease to start operation of said unit.
  • an enclosure to be maintained within a desired temperature range and located in a space subject to variations in temperature, a refrigerant condenser located in the space and external of said enclosure, a
  • cooling coil located within said enclosure and operatively connected. to. said condenser, means to circulate refrigerant through --said coil and said condenser, means controlling said circulating means and operable to maintain the temperature of said cooling coil between predetermined high and low temperature limits, and means responsive to a temperature of said condenser lower than the desired operating temperature of said condenser and operable at such lower temperature to start operation of said circulating means.

Description

Dec. 23, 1941- w. J. HARVEY REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed March 8, 1939 INVENTOR i M ATTORNEY ceiver.
Patented Dec. 23, 1941 REFRIGERATING APPARATUS William J. Harvey, Detroit, Mich., assignor t D troit Lubricator Company, Detroit, Mich.,a corporation of Michigan 14 Claims.
My invention relates to new and usei'ul improvements in refrigerating apparatus, and more particularly to means for controlling the operation of the same.
In installations of refrigerating apparatus it frequently happens, particularly in commercial installations, that the compressor or condenser, or both, are positionedin an unheated space or are subject to atmospheric temperature. When the compressor is so situated it will occur, under certain conditions, that the refrigerant medium will distill over from the evaporator into the compressor crankcase during the off" periods of compressor operation, with the result that upon starting up of the compressor, oil will be pumped out of the crankcase and discharged with the refrigerant, resulting in serious damage to the compressor. In a pressure control system, should the compressor be sufficiently cooled, all of the refrigerant might distill over into the compressor, and since the pressure in the refrigerating system would not be great enough to start compressoroperation, refrigeration would cease entirely. Where the condenser is so situated, it may happen that the pressure of the refrigerant medium, when ambient temperature is low, will drop to a point such that the liquid refrigerant medium will not immediately be fed to the evaporator upon starting-up of the compressor, and under some conditions the compressor might not be able to build sufficient "high side pressure to feed refrigerant to the evaporator at all. Also, when the condenser is so situated and is water cooled, the cooling water which remains in the condenser during the "oif period of compressor operation may freeze, thereby mining the condenser. It is therefore one of the objects of my invention to provide means by which one or more or all of the foregoing disadvantages may be overcome.
In commercial installations of walk-in or meat box refrigerators it is common practice to install the compressor and condenser-receiver in a convenient place, adjacent the refrigerator, and in such an installation the ambient temperature affecting the heat leakage of the refrigerator is also affecting the compressor and condenser-re- In such installations, as the ambient temperature becomes low, the heat leakage to the interior of the refrigerator decreases and the compressor is required to run for less time and the evaporator approaches and may even assume the air temperature within therefrigerator so that air circulation is no longer maintained by the evaporator. Upon the occurrence of such an tion will be apparent therefore to Application March 8, 1939, Serial No. 260,601
event the air becomes very humid so that the moisture therein condenses out and deposits on the meats or other perishables stored in the refrigerator thereby causing sliming of the stored materials. A further object of my invention is provide means by which a sufliciently frequent cycling of a refrigerating system will be accomplished to overcome this condition of deleterious condensation of moisture.
Another object of my invention is to provide a unit structure which is compact, economical of manufacture and easy to install.
Further objects and advantages of my invenfrom the following specification and the appended claims.
The invention consists in the novel apparatus and the cooperative relation of the parts of the system.
In the accompanying drawing, to be taken as a part of this specification, I have fully and clearly illustrated my invention, in which drawin Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing a refrigerating apparatus having means forcontrol-i ling the operation of the same in accordance with my invention, and
Fig. 2 is a modification of my invention showing an alternative means for controlling operation of my apparatus.
Referring to the drawing by characters of reference the numeral I designates a refrigerating compressor driven by a motor 2 by means of a belt 3. The motor! is supplied with electrical energy from a source of supply through main lead wires 4, 5. Connected in series with the lead wire 4 is a control apparatus generally designated 6,.which operates to start and stop the motor 2. Upon operation of the compressor l refrigerant vapor is discharged therefrom through a conduit I into a condenser-receiver 8 where it is condensed into a liquid. The condensed liquid refrigerant flows from the condenser-receiver i through a conduit 9 to an evaporator, generally designated I 0, walk-in cooler or meat box, generally designated H. A conduit or suction line I2 conveys the vaporous refrigerant from the evaporator it to the inlet of.the refrigerant compressor I. The flow of liquid refrigerant'from the liquid conduit 8 to the evaporator I8 is controlled by means of an expansion valve l3 interposed in the conduit 9 adjacent the inlet to the evaporator l0. Secured to the return line l2 adjacent the outlet of the evaporator I0 is a temperature sensitive bulb H communicatively connected by means of located within and for cooling a' the usual capillary tube l to the thermostatic power element or the expansion valve ll so that the valve is operable to maintain liquid refrigerant throughout the entire length or the evaporator I0.
The control apparatus 6 comprises a casing l5 having side walls l1, l8, 9. top wall I! and a bottom wall 20. A pressure sensitive power element 22 is secured to the sidewall l8 by means of screws 2| and preferably comprises a hollow, cup-shaped member 24 having its open end adjacent the wall I8 and housing a pressure sensitive bellows element 25. An annular ring 26 is sealed to the inner wall of the member 24 adjacent its open end and carries one end or the bellows element 25. The other end of the bellows element 25 extends toward the bottom wall 25 of the cup-shaped member 24 and is sealed to a rigid, movable end wall 21. The member 24, bellows element 25, ring 25, and wall 21 cooperate to form a sealed pressure sensitive chamber 28 communicatively connected with the suction line l2 through a conduit 29. One end of a horizontally extending thrust member 80 is secured to the end wall 21 and the other end extends through an aperture in the casing side wall 18 into the interior of the casing Ii, and terminotes in a cone-shaped portion which engages a socket portion II on a vertically extending arm 82 of a. bell crank lever 38 pivotally secured, as at 54, to the casing 18. The other or horizontal arm 85 of the bell crank lever 83 is spaced from and is parallel to the bottom wall 20 and projects toward the side wall Il.
Secured to the side wall l1 and in substantially horizontal alignment with the thrust member 88 is one end of a threaded member 35". The
to fluid pressure in the condenser-receiver 8. A thrust member 59 has one end secured to the plate member 56 and its other end extending toward and operable to engage the top wall IQ of the casing l6 to limit collapsing movement of the bellows 55. A lever member 60 is pivotally carried by the spacer member 52, as at SI, for rotational movement, and has one end 62 received within an aperture 63 in the lower end of the thrust member 59. The other end 64 of the lever member 60.pivotally carries the upper end 55 o! a thrust rod 66. The thrust rod 66 extends through an aperture in the top wall 18 and into the casing l6 so that the lower end 51 is operable to engage the upper side of and to move the switch arm member 45 into circuit closed position upon a predetermined low pressure in the power element 5|. Carried by the casing 15 and extending above the wall I! thereof is an L-shaped member 68 having a horizontal portion 59 overlying the lever member 60. A vertically extending adjustment member 10 having a slotted head-portion H is screw-threaded in the horizontal portion 6] and has a lower end portion 12 abutting a plate-like spring abutment member 18. A helical coil adjusting spring 14 is held under compression between the plate 13 and a spring abutting plate 15 having a downwardly other end of the member 35* extends toward the abutment member 35 and a plate-like abutment member "having a portion 39 received within a socket 40 in the vertically extending arm 52 of the bell crank lever 88, and exerts a force opposing movement of the arm 32 by the power element 22, due to increase in pressure within the chamber 28. A thrust rod 42 has. one end pivotally connected, as at 48, to the arm 85 and has its other end pivotally secured, as at 44, to a switch arm member 45. The switch arm member 45 is fulcrumed, as at 45, on the wall IT. A contact member 41 carried by the switch ann member 45 cooperates with a stationary contact member 48 to make and break the electrical circuit through the lead wire 4 to the motor 2.
A permanent, U-shaped magnet 49 secured to the casing it, as by clips 50, cooperates with the witch and member 45 to cause a quick making and breaking of the circuit by the contact memm su. a.
I A second pressure sensitive power element 5| 7 is secured to but spaced from the top wall l9 of easing I! by means of a hollow spacer mem- ,end oi'the bellows extends within the memher" and is sealed by a rigid plate'member 56.
The members 58, 54 and 58 and the bellows 55 cooperate to form a pressure sensitive chamber I! which is communicatively connected by means of a'conduit 58 to the compressor discharge conduit'l so that the power element 5| is responsive extending portion 16 engaging the lever member 68. The member HI and spring 14 cooperate to regulate the predetermined low pressure at which the power element 5| operates to rotate the lever member 60 so that the switch arm member 45 is moved to circuit closed position.
The condenser-receiver 8 contains a water cooled condensing coil having an inlet 8| and an outlet 82. inlet 8l'of the condensing coil 80 from a suitable source of supply (not shown). A pressure sensitive valve, generally designated 83, is secured to the outlet 82 and controls the flow of cooling water to the condenser-receiver coil 80. A con-- duit 84 has one end 85 secured to the top end wall of and in communication with the condenser-receiver 8 and its other end 88 secured to and in communication with the power element 81 of the valve 83. Fluid pressure is thereby communicated from the interior of the condenser-receiver 8 to the power element 81 to contgtoil flow of cooling water through the cooling coil In Fig. 2 in which like parts are designated by like numerals, I have shown a bulb' member I00 located within the condenser-receiver 8 and sensitive to the temperature of the refrigerant medium contained in the condenser-receiver. The bulb member I00 contains a quantity of volatile, temperature sensitive liquid and is communicatively connected bymeans of a capillary tube III to the power element SI of the control apparatus 6, so that the temperature, and consequently the pressure of the refrigerant within the condenser-receiver 8 is reflected by means of the pressure in the closed system comprising the bulb I00, capillary tube llll and power element 5|.
The operation of my apparatus is as follows: Liquid refrigerant of a suitable nature flows from the condenser-receiver-8 through the liquid conduit 8 to the expansionvalve, I} where it flows into the evaporator i0, and its flow is so regulated by the'valve I S'that during operation of the compressor the entire length oi the evaporator contains evaporating liquid refrigerant but none passes into the conduit I2. The vaporous Cooling water is supplied to the,
spring 31 and the power element 22.
refrigerant flows from the evaporator ll through the conduit I! to the inlet of the compressor l where it is compressed by the compressor and discharged through conduit 1 to the condenserreceiver 8 where the high pressure, vaporous refrigerant is condensed by means of the cooling coil 80 back to a liquid. Preferably the valve '3 acts to control the flow of cooling water through the cooling coil 80 in response to fluid pressure in the condenser-receiver 8 to maintain a predetermined, substantially constant condensing temperature of the refrigerant during periods of compressor operation. The control apparatus -6 normally operates to maintain the pressure in the suction line I! between predetermined constant pressure limits, operating to start the compressor upon increase to a predetermined maximum pressure and to stop the operation of the same upon a predetermined low pressure so that the evaporator iii-maintained at a substantially constant temperature. It is to be understood however that operation of the compressor 1 could be controlled by any other suitable means responsive either to the temperature of the evaporator II or to the temperature of the meat boxil.
As the temperature of the space surrounding the condenser-receiver 8 and the compressor I becomes lower, the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant within the condenser-receiver 8 will decrease and upon a decrease thereof to a predetermined minimum pressure or temperature the power element BI and spring 14 cooperate to rotate the lever arm 80 so that the thrust rod 65 engages and rotates the switch arm member" to place contact members 41, ll in closed circuit position. This completes the electrical circuit through lead wires 4, and the motor 2 and operation of the compressor l will ensue regardless of the pressure within the suction line i2. Upon the attainment ofa predetermined constant pressure above the predetermined low pressure in the condenser-receiver 8, the power element 5| and spring 14 cooperate to rotate the lever member 60 in a clockwise direction to release the switch arm member. 45 for normal operation under the influence of the Themedetermined pressures at which the power element 5| cooperates to open and close the circuit to the motor 2 may be varied by means of the adjustment member 10, and the predetermined pressure at which the power element 22 cooperates to open and close the circuit may be varied by the adjustment of the member 36.
The predetermined minimum pressure at which the power element I is set to move the contact members I1,- I to circuit making posi-- tion is preferably above the normal pressure at which the power element 22 is operable to cause operation of the compressor so that the temperature of the compressor l and the condenserreceiver 8 will be maintained above the temperature at which the refrigerant from the evaporator acts to distill over into the crankcase to cause slugging or pumping of oilupon starting of'the compressor. I also maintain the compressor I abovethe temperature at which the liquid might distill into the crankcase of the compressor l and. remain there at a pressure below the cut-in pressure of the power element 1! so that refrigeration within the meat box I I will cease. By adjusting the predetermined pressure at which the power element 5| acts to move the switch arm member 4! into circuit closed po- -compressor at frequent intervals so as to maintain air circulation by the evaporator In in the meat box I! and also maintain the relative humidity therein below that which will cause condensation upon the stored food products.
The operation of Fig. 2 is similar to that of I Fig. 1 except that operation of the power element 5| is controlled by means of the temperature within the condenser-receiver.8 as reflected by the bulb I00 rather than directly by the fluid pressure of the refrigerant within the condenserreceiver. It is to be understood that pressures and temperatures may be used interchangeably as any temperature may be reflected as pressure in accordance with the teachings of the disclosure of Fig. 2.
It may now be seen that I have invented a new and'improved means for a refrigerating systern whereby I am able to prevent freezing of the condenser water in a water cooled condenser regardless of the ambient temperature. By utilizing my invention the distillation of the refrigerant from the evaporator into the compressor crankcase is prevented and also suflicient pressures and temperatures will be maintained at the compressor and condenser-receiver at all ambient temperatures to force the liquid refrigerant from the liquid receiver to the evaporator, and to cause frequent compressor operation. Furthermore, by utilizing my invention I auto-- matically change the operation of the refrigerating system from summer operation to winter operation without the necessity of manually adjusting the controls, and this automatic change in operation automatically prevents the formaticnof slime when such perishables as meat are stored in the refrigerated space.
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. In a refrigerating system having a liquidcooled condenser, means to supply warm refrigerant medium to the condenser, and means operable to render said supply means effective upon a decrease of condenser temperature to a temperature below normal condenser operating temperature but above a subnormal condenser temperature which would cause freezing of the condenser liquid thereby to avoid deleterious effects on the condenser.
2. In a refrigerating system having a condenser adapted for condensing a refrigerant medium, means for supplying the refrigerant medium to the condenser, means controlling operation of said supply means, and means operable to actuate said controlling means at a refrigerant medium condenser pressure below normal condenser'operating pressure to start the supplying of refrigerant medium to the condenser.
3. In a refrigerating system having a condenseradapted for condensing a refrigerant medium, means for supplying the refrigerant medium to the condenser, means controlling operation of said supply means, and means to actuate said controlling means upon decrease of condenser pressure substantially to a pressure which would render the system inoperative.
4. In a cyclically. operating refrigerating sys- I tem having a condenser for condensing a gaseous refrigerant medium, means operable to supply the gaseous refrigerant medium to said condenser and rendered effective at spaced intervals, and means operable upon a predetermined decrease in temperature of said condenser below normal condenser operating temperature to render said 5 means effective intermediate said intervals of and means operable intermediate said intervals of operation and upon occurrence of a predeter- 'mined condenser pressure to establish an increased condenser pressure.
6. In a cyclically operating refrigerating system having a condenser, means operable to supply gaseous refrigerant medium to said condenser and rendered effective at spaced intervals, and means operable intermediate said intervals of operation and upon occurrence of a predetermined condenser pressure-to render said operable means effective.
7. In a cyclically operating refrigerating system having a condenser and an evaporator, means operable to supply refrigerant medium withdrawn from the evaporator to the condenser, means operable intermittently to actuate said supply means, and means continuously effective to render said supply means operable irrespective of said intermittent means thereby to maintain the condenser pressure and temperature greater than the evaporator pressure and temperature.
8. In a refrigerating system having an evaporator, a condenser and a compressor communicatively connected together, an electric switch controlling operation of said compressor, means normally controlling said switch, and means operable in accordance with the pressure of the refrigerant medium discharged from said compressor and acting at a discharge pressure substantially below normal discharge operating pressure to actuate said switch to start operation of said compressor irrespective of said normaliy controlling means.
9. In a refrigerating system having an evaporator, a condenser and a compressor communicatively connected together, an electric switch controlling operation of said compressor, means to movesaid switch to closed position, and means operable in accordance with the pressure-o1 the refrigerant medium discharged from said oompressor and opposing closure of said switch by said switch moving means, said operable means acting upon decrease of discharge pressure below normal discharge operating pressure to release said moving means to close said switch.
10. In a refrigerating system, means defining a space to be cooled, a heat transfer means located in heat transfer relation with and for cooling said space, means operable upon energization to remove heat from said transfer means, means operable intermittently to energize said operable means so that heat is removed from said transfer means and the temperature of said transfer means is lowered thereby to maintain said space within a desired temperature range, means to discharge the heat removed from said transfer "means, and means responsive to the temperature of said discharge means and operable automatically upon a reduction of temperature of said discharge means to energize said first-named operable means prior to energization thereof by said intermittent means.
11. In a refrigerating apparatus having a space to be cooled, a heat transfer means having a predetermined range of temperature variation and located in heat transfer relation with and for cooling said space, means operable upon a temperature increase of said transfer means to the upper limit of said range to remove heat from and to lower the temperature of said transfer means to thelower limit of said predetermined range thereby to maintain said space within a desired temperature range, and means operable upon a reduction of temperature of the medium surrounding said space to start operation of said operable means irrespective of the temperature of said transfer means.
12. In a refrigerating system, an enclosure to be maintained within a desired temperature range .andrsubject to variations in temperature, a heat abstracting unit affected by changes in ambient temperature external of said enclosure, a cooling coil located within said enclosure and operatively connected to said unit, means to start operation of said unit at a predetermined high temperature of said coil and to stop operation of said unit at a predetermined low temperature of said coil'to maintain the temperature of said cooling coil between predetermined high and low temperature limits, and means rendered effective by decrease of ambient temperature and operable upon such decrease to start operation of said unit.
13. In a refrigerating system, an enclosure to be maintained within a desired temperature range and located in a space subject to variations in temperature, a refrigerant condenser located in the space and external of said enclosure, a
cooling coil located within said enclosure and operatively connected. to. said condenser, means to circulate refrigerant through --said coil and said condenser, means controlling said circulating means and operable to maintain the temperature of said cooling coil between predetermined high and low temperature limits, and means responsive to a temperature of said condenser lower than the desired operating temperature of said condenser and operable at such lower temperature to start operation of said circulating means.
,14. ha refrigerating apparatus, an enclosure, an evaporator within said enclosure and having a temperature range of operation, means to withdraw refrigerant medium from said evaporator, control means for said withdrawing means, means operable in accordance with an increasing evaporator temperature to actuate said control means to start said withdrawing means, means operable upon a decrease of evaporator temperature due to operation of said withdrawing meansto actuate said control means to stop said withdrawing means, and means operable to start-said withdrawing means upon reduction of ambient temperature surrounding said withdrawing means irrespective of the operation of said first-named and said second-named operable means.
WILLIAM J .HARVEY.
US260601A 1939-03-08 1939-03-08 Refrigerating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2267607A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3110160A (en) * 1963-01-03 1963-11-12 Trane Co Refrigeration system control
US3252295A (en) * 1963-09-27 1966-05-24 American Air Filter Co Refrigeration control system
US3807190A (en) * 1972-07-26 1974-04-30 Vilter Manufacturing Corp Refrigeration system with liquid cooled condenser
US4798057A (en) * 1986-03-28 1989-01-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Refrigerating apparatus and control method thereof
US5440894A (en) * 1993-05-05 1995-08-15 Hussmann Corporation Strategic modular commercial refrigeration
US20050172652A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2005-08-11 Mohamed Ben Yahia Motor vehicle air-conditioning installation equipped with an electronic control device
US11441828B2 (en) * 2014-04-16 2022-09-13 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP Method for operating a chiller

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3110160A (en) * 1963-01-03 1963-11-12 Trane Co Refrigeration system control
US3252295A (en) * 1963-09-27 1966-05-24 American Air Filter Co Refrigeration control system
US3807190A (en) * 1972-07-26 1974-04-30 Vilter Manufacturing Corp Refrigeration system with liquid cooled condenser
US4798057A (en) * 1986-03-28 1989-01-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Refrigerating apparatus and control method thereof
US5440894A (en) * 1993-05-05 1995-08-15 Hussmann Corporation Strategic modular commercial refrigeration
US20050172652A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2005-08-11 Mohamed Ben Yahia Motor vehicle air-conditioning installation equipped with an electronic control device
US7003968B2 (en) * 2001-12-20 2006-02-28 Valeo Climatisation S.A. Motor vehicle air-conditioning installation equipped with an electronic control device
US11441828B2 (en) * 2014-04-16 2022-09-13 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP Method for operating a chiller

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