US2291289A - Apparatus for making siliceous fibers - Google Patents
Apparatus for making siliceous fibers Download PDFInfo
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- US2291289A US2291289A US296952A US29695239A US2291289A US 2291289 A US2291289 A US 2291289A US 296952 A US296952 A US 296952A US 29695239 A US29695239 A US 29695239A US 2291289 A US2291289 A US 2291289A
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- bushing
- fibers
- glass
- nipples
- blowers
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title description 39
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 30
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/0203—Cooling non-optical fibres drawn or extruded from bushings, nozzles or orifices
- C03B37/0213—Cooling non-optical fibres drawn or extruded from bushings, nozzles or orifices by forced gas cooling, i.e. blowing or suction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/022—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from molten glass in which the resultant product consists of different sorts of glass or is characterised by shape, e.g. hollow fibres, undulated fibres, fibres presenting a rough surface
Definitions
- the present invention relates to apparatus for making siliceous fibers, and more particularly to a novel method and apparatus for forming fibers by mechanical drawing of the glass or other siliceous material to form relatively continuous filaments or fibers.
- the objects of the present invention are substantially the same as those set forth in connection with the above identified application, insofar as actual fiberization is concerned.
- thecharacter of fiber produced is similar to that produced by the method and apparatus disclosed in the said application insofar as fineness of diameter, tensile strength, flexibility and weavability, stretchability, uniformity, and fiber continuity are concernecl.
- the present invention is primarily concerned with temperature control which is a necessity in maintaining the proper resistance for the attenuation of the fibers.
- the glass After the glass has been reduced to the proper size in the form of a fiber, it is essential that it is sufficiently cool and viscous so that it will not continue to attenuate and pull to nothing thus becoming severed. If the glass is too molten or fiuid at this stage, it will not have sufiicient resistance to maintain the desired diameter. This is especially true in high speed production of fibers and in such an instance the temperature control of the glass from the supply body to the finished fiber must be accurately maintained throughout.
- the attenuation may take place simultaneously over a long portion of its length. It has been found that in such a case it is considerably more difficult to regulate the final size of the fibers inasmuch as attenuation may not be uniform throughout the length of the fiber. Thick and thin spots and other irregularities may thus be present. Moreover, attenuation over a long range produces a fiber having a multiplicity of minute strains, checks, and discontinuities, particularly at the surface.
- the present invention is concerned with a novel method of temperature control which under certain conditions of manufacture may be more advantageously employed than the method disclosed in the above identified application or than other methods heretofore employed.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a temperature control apparatus of the character wherein the fibers undergoing attenuation are protected from the deleterious effect of dust or other suspended particles in the atmosphere and wherein such dust is excluded from the attenuating region and is thus maintained out of contact with the glass filaments undergoing fiberization.
- the invention contemplates the provision of an electrically or otherwise heated metal bushing having a plurality of orifices therein for feeding the molten glass together with a plurality of blowers which are positioned beneath the bushing and which are so located that jets of air or steam issuing from the same are directed against the bushing nipples and against the streams of molten glass issuing from the latter in such a manner that both the nipples and the streams issuing therefrom may be maintained at the proper temperature for most emcient attenuation of the fibers.
- the blowers above referred to may be located in close proximity to the bushing and may be so adjusted that the jets issuing there from are largely confined to the vicinity of th" bushing nipples, thus not only rendering the space immediately below the bushing accessible to the operator but also making it possible to bring the mechanical attenuating means into close proximity to the bushing.
- Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous in the production of crimped fibers by means of attenuating gears, in that it permits the combined mechanical attenuating and crimping mechanism to be located well within the attenuating region wherein the fibers may be still'more or less plastic and subject to the crimping operation.
- Fig. 1 is a side elevatlonal view, partially in section and diagrammatic in its representation
- Fig, 2 is a bottom plan view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1;
- An attenuating means which may be in the form of a Winding or packaging spool 30 is provided to draw the fibers and windup the thread as it is being formed.
- the grouped fibers, after having passed through the guide .28, are in parallel and close relationship and form a strand T which is wound upon the packaging spool 30 at high speed.
- the reference character I0 includes I a metal bushing I2 in which a supply body (3' of molten glass is contained.
- the bushing l2 preferably tapers downwardly and inwardly. as at l4 and is formed with a relatively narrow bottom wall l8 provided with a plurality of nipples l8 which are preferably arranged in parallel rows as shown.
- the nipples iii are formed with orifices I9 therethrough from which the molten glass issues to be attenuated into fibers. While in Figs.
- the temperature control means comprising the present invention comprises a pair of opposed blowers 3
- Aplurality of inwardly directedjet openings 32 are preferably provided at the inner sides of the blowers and air, steam,vor other cooling fluid admitted to the blowers 3
- a relatively small amount of pressure such as to 5 pounds is sufiicient in said produced as, the final product.
- the number of nipples contained in each row maybe varied to accommodate composite threads which are composed of a varying number of individual filaments.
- the bushing I2 is surrounded by a refractory insulating medium 20, theentire melting'unitl0 being suspended by means of hanger studs 22 and angle pieces 24.
- a pair of terminal ears or lugs 26 are Formed'on or connected to the opposite ends of the bushing l2 adjacent the bottom thereof.
- conductors (not shown) may be connected for regulably supplying electrical current to the bushing in order that the latter'may'be heated in the lower regions thereof by direct resistance of the metal of the bushing.
- a gathering eye or guide 28 Disposed below the melting unit I0 is a gathering eye or guide 28 in the form of a concave surface around which the multiplicity of fibers blowers.
- the jet' openings 32 are preferablylocated relatively close to each other and preferably exceed in number the number of nipples I8 in each row thereof in order that the streams of cooling fluid issuing therefrom may become intermingled and lose their identity prior to contact with the nipples l8 or streams of glass issuing therefrom.
- the jet openings 32 may be sufilciently wide to merge mto a single slot although generally greater economy of air may be effected with smaller openings.
- the jet openings 32 are preferably directed at an angle to the nipples l8 in such a manner that the streams impinge not only against the nipples but also against the glass issuing therefrom in the direction of movement thereof and thus fiberlzation is facilitated.
- a pair of baflie plates 31 Disposed between the blowers 3
- the plates 31 also serve as an additional support for the refractory medium 20.
- Adjustably mounted on the studs 38 are a' pluralityof blower clamps 40, each having an adjustable inner section 42 which bears against its respective blower 3i and clamps the same firmly against one of the baflie plates 31.
- the baflie plates 31 are provided with down wardly and inwardly inclined surfaces 44 against which the blowers 3
- the inner ends of the plates 31 are cut away'as at 45 to provide a clearance space in order that these inner ends will not be excess'ively heated. by direct contact with the insulating medium near the casting. Air or other cooling fiuid issuing from the Jet openings 32 passes over the inner edges of the plates 31 and impinges on the'fibers at the base thereof in the vicinity of the orifices l9 from which the streams of molten glass emanate.
- the fluid issuing from the jetiopenings 32 may if desired be caused to impinge directly upon the lower extremities of the nipples I8 as well as upon the fibers at the base thereof where the same are plastic. In this manner the air or other cooling medium cools the lower extremities of the nipples and also passes along a portion ofthe exposed surface of the glass. During attenuation'of the fibers when the attenuating means 30 is in operation the air or other fluid issuing from the jet openings 32 may assist attenuation to a certain extent.
- the bushing H2 is shown as being formed with a row of nipples H8 having orifices IIQ.
- Attenuating gears I80 are employed for drawing the fibers from the orifices I I9.
- the attenuating gears I30 are slightly longer than the row of nipples H8 provided in the bushing and the fibers are each drawn directly downwardly between the gears I30 which are rotated in oppositedirections at high speed.
- the gears I30 may be located well below the bushing I I2 in a region removed from the region of plasticity of the fibers being attenuated.
- the gears I30 may be located as shown in dotted lines in the vicinity of the nipples H8 and within the region of plasticity of the fibers. In this manner the fibers upon entering between the teeth provided on the gears I30 become distorted and crimped as shown in dotted lines.
- blowers I3I are positioned on opposite sides of the bushing II? and substantially on a level with the lower end of the latter, ample room is available beneath the bushing for positioning of the attenuating means.
- the blowers serve to impinge air upon the glass at the orifices while it is still in a mo]- ten, unfiberized state and increases its viscosity so that filaments may be drawn at extremely high speeds with a minimum length of attenuation.
- Apparatus for forming a substantially continuous fine glass fiber comprising a glass melting unit including a metal bushing having an orifice at the bottom thereof, an insulating mem-- her surrounding the bushing at the sides thereof and extending downwardly to aregion' adjacent the bottom of the bushing, said member having outer surfaces sloping upwardly and away from the bottom of the bushing, a pair of bailie plates in contact with said surfaces on opposite sides of the bushing and terminating adjacent said orfice, a blower in contact with each bailleplate, and means for clamping each blower against its respective baflle plate, said blowers having jet openings therein arranged to direct blasts of cooling fluid under pressure over the ends of said bame plates and against the glass issuing from the orifice to rapidly cool the glass issuing from the orifice.
- Apparatus for forming a substantially continuous fine glass fiber comprising a bushing for containing molten glass and having an orifice in its bottom wall for exposing the molten glass, cooling blowers arranged in proximity to said orifice on opposite sides-thereof and located substantially wholly above the leveloi the orifices and ,having jet openings directed toward the orifice for directing substantially horizontal blasts of cooling gases under pressure over said orifice and the glass issuing from the latter to rapidly cool the glass.
- Apparatus for forming a substantially continuous fine glass fiber comprising a bushing for containing molten glass and having an orifice in its bottom wall for exposing the glass, a blower positioned in proximity to said orifice and having a jet opening therein directed toward the orifice and arranged to direct a blast of cooling fiuid under pressure over said orifice and the glass issuing from the latter to rapidly cool the glass to solidification, said blower being substantially fiat thereof and extending downwardly to a region adjacent the bottom of the bushing, blowers respectively at opposite sides of said bushing provided with jet openings directed toward said orifice, said blowers being substantially fiat in cross-section and located closely adjacent the bottom of the insulating and supporting member and at a level at least as high as the level of the orifice. and means for clamping said blowers to said insulating and supporting member in such position.
- Glass fiber forming apparatus comprising a glass melting unit including a narrow elongated metal bushing for containing molten glass and having plural rows of orifices in its bottom wall, said rows extending in the direction of length of said bushing, an insulating and supporting member surrounding said bushing and extending downwardly to a region adjacent the bottom of the bushing, and blowers arranged respectively at opposite sides of said bushing and located closely adjacent the bottom of said insulating and supporting member, said blowers being substantially fiat in cross-section and being located at a level at least as high as the level of the orifices, and each of said blowers being provided with a series of jet openings extending the full length or the rows of orifices and directed toward said orifices.
- Glass fiber forming apparatus comprising a meta1 bushing for containing molten glass and having-plural rows of hollow nipples on its bottom wall through which said molten glass flows, an insulating and supporting member surrounding said bushing and extending downwardly to a region adjacent the bottom of the bushing, the bottom wall of said insulating member sloping upwardly away from the bottom or said bushing,
- blowers respectively at opposite sides 0! said bushing in contact with said inclined bottom wall and each provided with a series of jet openings extending the full length of said rows of nipples and directed toward said nipp1es,"said blowers being substantially wholly positioned above'the level of said nipples, and means for clamping said blowers to said insulating and supporting member in such position.
Description
July 28, 1942.
G. SLAYTER ETAL APPARATUS FOR MAKING SILICEOUS FIBERS Filed Sept. 28, 1939 INVENTORS Games Slayter w J Thomas,
ATTORNEY mened July 28, 1942 APPARATUS FOR MAKING SILICEOUS FIBERS Games Slayter, Newark, and John H. Thomas, Perrysburg, Ohio, assignors to Owens-Coming Fiberglas Corporation, a corporation of Delaware Application September 28, 1939, Serial No. 296,952
6 Claims.
The present invention relates to apparatus for making siliceous fibers, and more particularly to a novel method and apparatus for forming fibers by mechanical drawing of the glass or other siliceous material to form relatively continuous filaments or fibers.
This application is a continuation-in-part of our copending application Serial -No. 105,405, filed October 13, 1936, which issued as Patent No. 2,234,986, March 18, 1941.
Generally, and for the most part, the objects of the present invention are substantially the same as those set forth in connection with the above identified application, insofar as actual fiberization is concerned. Likewise thecharacter of fiber produced is similar to that produced by the method and apparatus disclosed in the said application insofar as fineness of diameter, tensile strength, flexibility and weavability, stretchability, uniformity, and fiber continuity are concernecl. The present invention is primarily concerned with temperature control which is a necessity in maintaining the proper resistance for the attenuation of the fibers.
After the glass has been reduced to the proper size in the form of a fiber, it is essential that it is sufficiently cool and viscous so that it will not continue to attenuate and pull to nothing thus becoming severed. If the glass is too molten or fiuid at this stage, it will not have sufiicient resistance to maintain the desired diameter. This is especially true in high speed production of fibers and in such an instance the temperature control of the glass from the supply body to the finished fiber must be accurately maintained throughout.
As explained in our copending application above referred to, without adequate temperature control, the attenuation may take place simultaneously over a long portion of its length. It has been found that in such a case it is considerably more difficult to regulate the final size of the fibers inasmuch as attenuation may not be uniform throughout the length of the fiber. Thick and thin spots and other irregularities may thus be present. Moreover, attenuation over a long range produces a fiber having a multiplicity of minute strains, checks, and discontinuities, particularly at the surface.
The present invention is concerned with a novel method of temperature control which under certain conditions of manufacture may be more advantageously employed than the method disclosed in the above identified application or than other methods heretofore employed.
It is among the principal objects of the present invention, in an apparatus of the character set forth in the above cited application, to provide an improved apparatus wherein accurate control of the temperature, and consequently the fluidity, of the fibers undergoing attenuation may be attained.
It is an equally important object of the invention to provide a means whereby the temperature of the bushing nipples from which the attenuated fibers emanate may also be controlled to produce fibers of a desired character and to prevent clogging of the bushing nipples during production of the fibers.
Another object of the invention is to provide a temperature control apparatus of the character wherein the fibers undergoing attenuation are protected from the deleterious effect of dust or other suspended particles in the atmosphere and wherein such dust is excluded from the attenuating region and is thus maintained out of contact with the glass filaments undergoing fiberization.
In carrying out the above mentioned objects, the invention contemplates the provision of an electrically or otherwise heated metal bushing having a plurality of orifices therein for feeding the molten glass together with a plurality of blowers which are positioned beneath the bushing and which are so located that jets of air or steam issuing from the same are directed against the bushing nipples and against the streams of molten glass issuing from the latter in such a manner that both the nipples and the streams issuing therefrom may be maintained at the proper temperature for most emcient attenuation of the fibers.
In a temperature control apparatus of this character, the blowers above referred to may be located in close proximity to the bushing and may be so adjusted that the jets issuing there from are largely confined to the vicinity of th" bushing nipples, thus not only rendering the space immediately below the bushing accessible to the operator but also making it possible to bring the mechanical attenuating means into close proximity to the bushing. Such an arrangement is particularly advantageous in the production of crimped fibers by means of attenuating gears, in that it permits the combined mechanical attenuating and crimping mechanism to be located well within the attenuating region wherein the fibers may be still'more or less plastic and subject to the crimping operation.
Other objects and advantages of the invention. not at this time enumerated, will become apunderstood. H I
In the accompanying single sheet of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side elevatlonal view, partially in section and diagrammatic in its representation,
36! an electrically heated bushing to which the improved temperature control apparatus has been applied;
Fig, 2 is a bottom plan view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1; and
- parent as the nature of the invention is better emerging from the nipples i 8 are drawn. An attenuating means which may be in the form of a Winding or packaging spool 30 is provided to draw the fibers and windup the thread as it is being formed. The grouped fibers, after having passed through the guide .28, are in parallel and close relationship and form a strand T which is wound upon the packaging spool 30 at high speed.
The arrangement of parts thus far described is more or less conventional in its design and no claim is made herein to any novelty associated therewith,'the,novelty of the present application residing ratherin the novel temperature control I means now to be more fully described.
tirety by the reference character I0 and includes I a metal bushing I2 in which a supply body (3' of molten glass is contained. The bushing l2 preferably tapers downwardly and inwardly. as at l4 and is formed with a relatively narrow bottom wall l8 provided with a plurality of nipples l8 which are preferably arranged in parallel rows as shown. The nipples iii are formed with orifices I9 therethrough from which the molten glass issues to be attenuated into fibers. While in Figs. 1 and 2 there are illustrated two rows of nipples, it its to be distinctly understood that a greater or lesser number of such rows may be employed, depending on the character of the thread to be The temperature control means comprising the present invention comprises a pair of opposed blowers 3| in the form of elongated tapered hollow members which are positioned beneath the unit I on opposite sides of the rows of nipples l8' and are substantially coextensive with or slightly longer than the latter. Aplurality of inwardly directedjet openings 32 are preferably provided at the inner sides of the blowers and air, steam,vor other cooling fluid admitted to the blowers 3| from a manifold conduit 34 and branch conduits 36 is expelled through the jet openings 32 and directedinwardly toward the nipples l8. Generally only a relatively small amount of pressure such as to 5 pounds is sufiicient in said produced as, the final product. Likewise the number of nipples contained in each row maybe varied to accommodate composite threads which are composed of a varying number of individual filaments.
In order to produce exceedingly fine fibers it.
has been found desirable to draw from a relatively small cross-sectional area of exposed molten glass. For example, successful attenuation has been achieved from nipples which-were in a range of from .02" to .08" in diameter, these figures being subject to variation in accordance with particular degrees of attenuation, etc. de-
high,temperature refractories or alloys capable of withstanding temperature above or near the clevitrification point of the particular glass contained in the bushing I2 may be used if desired The bushing I2 is surrounded by a refractory insulating medium 20, theentire melting'unitl0 being suspended by means of hanger studs 22 and angle pieces 24.
Formed'on or connected to the opposite ends of the bushing l2 adjacent the bottom thereof are a pair of terminal ears or lugs 26 to which conductors (not shown) may be connected for regulably supplying electrical current to the bushing in order that the latter'may'be heated in the lower regions thereof by direct resistance of the metal of the bushing.
Disposed below the melting unit I0 is a gathering eye or guide 28 in the form of a concave surface around which the multiplicity of fibers blowers. a
The jet' openings 32 are preferablylocated relatively close to each other and preferably exceed in number the number of nipples I8 in each row thereof in order that the streams of cooling fluid issuing therefrom may become intermingled and lose their identity prior to contact with the nipples l8 or streams of glass issuing therefrom. In other words, by closely spacing the jet openings 32, no pin point blasts of air or other fluid impinges upon the streams and a smooth blast of air which is substantially coextensive with the rows of nipples I8 is produced. If desired, the jet openings may be sufilciently wide to merge mto a single slot although generally greater economy of air may be effected with smaller openings.
The jet openings 32 are preferably directed at an angle to the nipples l8 in such a manner that the streams impinge not only against the nipples but also against the glass issuing therefrom in the direction of movement thereof and thus fiberlzation is facilitated.
Disposed between the blowers 3| and the refractory medium 20 are a pair of baflie plates 31 which are secured to the angle pieces 24 by means of studs38. The plates 31 also serve as an additional support for the refractory medium 20. Adjustably mounted on the studs 38 are a' pluralityof blower clamps 40, each having an adjustable inner section 42 which bears against its respective blower 3i and clamps the same firmly against one of the baflie plates 31.
The baflie plates 31 are provided with down wardly and inwardly inclined surfaces 44 against which the blowers 3|v bear and which terminate in close proximity to the lower end l6 of the bushing I2. The inner ends of the plates 31 are cut away'as at 45 to provide a clearance space in order that these inner ends will not be excess'ively heated. by direct contact with the insulating medium near the casting. Air or other cooling fiuid issuing from the Jet openings 32 passes over the inner edges of the plates 31 and impinges on the'fibers at the base thereof in the vicinity of the orifices l9 from which the streams of molten glass emanate. The fluid issuing from the jetiopenings 32 may if desired be caused to impinge directly upon the lower extremities of the nipples I8 as well as upon the fibers at the base thereof where the same are plastic. In this manner the air or other cooling medium cools the lower extremities of the nipples and also passes along a portion ofthe exposed surface of the glass. During attenuation'of the fibers when the attenuating means 30 is in operation the air or other fluid issuing from the jet openings 32 may assist attenuation to a certain extent. If for any reason whatsoever the attenuating operation is ceased, the blasts of air will keep the glass moving slowly and the orifices I9 clean and prevent clogging of the orifices ID by virtue of the glass wetting the outside surfaces of the nipples I8.
In actual operation it is most desirable to atv tain relatively high temperatures within the bushing I! in order to result in complete solution of the ingredients of the glass and also in order that the glass may become sufiiciently fiuid' to fiow freely through the small orifices I9 of the nipples I8. By the present temperature control system in which the cooling fiuid is caused to impinge either directly upon the lower ends of the nipples or upon the streamsoi glass immediately below the orifices, or both, the relatively hot glass which at this high temperature would or dinarily not be susceptible to the attenuating operation because of its high liquid state is'rendered sufilciently viscous in the vicinity of the nipples to permit attenuation thereof. Theobject sought is to pull or attenuate the glass at as low a viscosity as will permit the same to be attenuated into a fiber.
In Fig. 3 the bushing H2 is shown as being formed with a row of nipples H8 having orifices IIQ. Attenuating gears I80 are employed for drawing the fibers from the orifices I I9. The attenuating gears I30 are slightly longer than the row of nipples H8 provided in the bushing and the fibers are each drawn directly downwardly between the gears I30 which are rotated in oppositedirections at high speed. Where fibers of a straight character are desired, the gears I30 may be located well below the bushing I I2 in a region removed from the region of plasticity of the fibers being attenuated. If however crimped fibers are desired, the gears I30 may be located as shown in dotted lines in the vicinity of the nipples H8 and within the region of plasticity of the fibers. In this manner the fibers upon entering between the teeth provided on the gears I30 become distorted and crimped as shown in dotted lines.
Because of the fact that the blowers I3I are positioned on opposite sides of the bushing II? and substantially on a level with the lower end of the latter, ample room is available beneath the bushing for positioning of the attenuating means. The blowers serve to impinge air upon the glass at the orifices while it is still in a mo]- ten, unfiberized state and increases its viscosity so that filaments may be drawn at extremely high speeds with a minimum length of attenuation.
Modifications may be resorted to within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
We claim:
1. Apparatus for forming a substantially continuous fine glass fiber comprising a glass melting unit including a metal bushing having an orifice at the bottom thereof, an insulating mem-- her surrounding the bushing at the sides thereof and extending downwardly to aregion' adjacent the bottom of the bushing, said member having outer surfaces sloping upwardly and away from the bottom of the bushing, a pair of bailie plates in contact with said surfaces on opposite sides of the bushing and terminating adjacent said orfice, a blower in contact with each bailleplate, and means for clamping each blower against its respective baflle plate, said blowers having jet openings therein arranged to direct blasts of cooling fluid under pressure over the ends of said bame plates and against the glass issuing from the orifice to rapidly cool the glass issuing from the orifice.
2. Apparatus for forming a substantially continuous fine glass fiber comprising a bushing for containing molten glass and having an orifice in its bottom wall for exposing the molten glass, cooling blowers arranged in proximity to said orifice on opposite sides-thereof and located substantially wholly above the leveloi the orifices and ,having jet openings directed toward the orifice for directing substantially horizontal blasts of cooling gases under pressure over said orifice and the glass issuing from the latter to rapidly cool the glass.
3. Apparatus for forming a substantially continuous fine glass fiber comprising a bushing for containing molten glass and having an orifice in its bottom wall for exposing the glass, a blower positioned in proximity to said orifice and having a jet opening therein directed toward the orifice and arranged to direct a blast of cooling fiuid under pressure over said orifice and the glass issuing from the latter to rapidly cool the glass to solidification, said blower being substantially fiat thereof and extending downwardly to a region adjacent the bottom of the bushing, blowers respectively at opposite sides of said bushing provided with jet openings directed toward said orifice, said blowers being substantially fiat in cross-section and located closely adjacent the bottom of the insulating and supporting member and at a level at least as high as the level of the orifice. and means for clamping said blowers to said insulating and supporting member in such position.
5. Glass fiber forming apparatus comprising a glass melting unit including a narrow elongated metal bushing for containing molten glass and having plural rows of orifices in its bottom wall, said rows extending in the direction of length of said bushing, an insulating and supporting member surrounding said bushing and extending downwardly to a region adjacent the bottom of the bushing, and blowers arranged respectively at opposite sides of said bushing and located closely adjacent the bottom of said insulating and supporting member, said blowers being substantially fiat in cross-section and being located at a level at least as high as the level of the orifices, and each of said blowers being provided with a series of jet openings extending the full length or the rows of orifices and directed toward said orifices.
' .6. Glass fiber forming apparatus comprising a meta1 bushing for containing molten glass and having-plural rows of hollow nipples on its bottom wall through which said molten glass flows, an insulating and supporting member surrounding said bushing and extending downwardly to a region adjacent the bottom of the bushing, the bottom wall of said insulating member sloping upwardly away from the bottom or said bushing,
memes blowers respectively at opposite sides 0! said bushing in contact with said inclined bottom wall and each provided with a series of jet openings extending the full length of said rows of nipples and directed toward said nipp1es,"said blowers being substantially wholly positioned above'the level of said nipples, and means for clamping said blowers to said insulating and supporting member in such position.
GAMES SLAYTER. JOHN H. THOMAS.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US296952A US2291289A (en) | 1939-09-28 | 1939-09-28 | Apparatus for making siliceous fibers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US296952A US2291289A (en) | 1939-09-28 | 1939-09-28 | Apparatus for making siliceous fibers |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2291289A true US2291289A (en) | 1942-07-28 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US296952A Expired - Lifetime US2291289A (en) | 1939-09-28 | 1939-09-28 | Apparatus for making siliceous fibers |
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Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2489243A (en) * | 1944-04-27 | 1949-11-22 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for making fine glass fibers |
US2509845A (en) * | 1942-12-09 | 1950-05-30 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for forming ribbons of glass and other thermoplastic materials |
US2515738A (en) * | 1945-09-17 | 1950-07-18 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for producing glass fibers |
US2518744A (en) * | 1946-03-21 | 1950-08-15 | Glass Fibers Inc | Apparatus for making staple fiber |
DE967264C (en) * | 1952-02-08 | 1957-10-31 | Saint Gobain | Method and device for the production of fibers from glass and similar mineral substances |
US2855634A (en) * | 1954-12-22 | 1958-10-14 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Fibrous mat and method of making |
US2915170A (en) * | 1953-02-03 | 1959-12-01 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Co-acting wheels for feeding multifilament strands |
US3063094A (en) * | 1959-07-29 | 1962-11-13 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for producing filaments of heat-softenable materials |
US3068670A (en) * | 1954-11-22 | 1962-12-18 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for production of glass fibers |
US3150946A (en) * | 1960-12-30 | 1964-09-29 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for production of glass fibers |
US3232730A (en) * | 1960-11-14 | 1966-02-01 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Method and apparatus for producing fibers |
US3248192A (en) * | 1959-05-29 | 1966-04-26 | Saint Gobain | Method and apparatus for the manufacture of fibers from glass or other thermoplasticmaterials |
US3288581A (en) * | 1963-10-28 | 1966-11-29 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Method for producing fibers |
US4088469A (en) * | 1977-03-21 | 1978-05-09 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Environmental control of a glass fiber forming bushing |
US4146377A (en) * | 1977-08-17 | 1979-03-27 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of using bushing environmental control in glass fiber forming |
JPS5556028A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1980-04-24 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for forming glass fiber |
US4321074A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1982-03-23 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Method and apparatus for manufacturing glass fibers |
US4380462A (en) * | 1978-05-08 | 1983-04-19 | Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd. | Glass fiber apparatus and method |
US20110253226A1 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2011-10-20 | Park Eunyoung | Isopipe sag control using improved end support conditions |
-
1939
- 1939-09-28 US US296952A patent/US2291289A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2509845A (en) * | 1942-12-09 | 1950-05-30 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for forming ribbons of glass and other thermoplastic materials |
US2489243A (en) * | 1944-04-27 | 1949-11-22 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for making fine glass fibers |
US2515738A (en) * | 1945-09-17 | 1950-07-18 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for producing glass fibers |
US2518744A (en) * | 1946-03-21 | 1950-08-15 | Glass Fibers Inc | Apparatus for making staple fiber |
DE967264C (en) * | 1952-02-08 | 1957-10-31 | Saint Gobain | Method and device for the production of fibers from glass and similar mineral substances |
US2915170A (en) * | 1953-02-03 | 1959-12-01 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Co-acting wheels for feeding multifilament strands |
US3068670A (en) * | 1954-11-22 | 1962-12-18 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for production of glass fibers |
US2855634A (en) * | 1954-12-22 | 1958-10-14 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Fibrous mat and method of making |
US3248192A (en) * | 1959-05-29 | 1966-04-26 | Saint Gobain | Method and apparatus for the manufacture of fibers from glass or other thermoplasticmaterials |
US3063094A (en) * | 1959-07-29 | 1962-11-13 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for producing filaments of heat-softenable materials |
US3232730A (en) * | 1960-11-14 | 1966-02-01 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Method and apparatus for producing fibers |
US3150946A (en) * | 1960-12-30 | 1964-09-29 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for production of glass fibers |
US3288581A (en) * | 1963-10-28 | 1966-11-29 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Method for producing fibers |
US4088469A (en) * | 1977-03-21 | 1978-05-09 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Environmental control of a glass fiber forming bushing |
US4146377A (en) * | 1977-08-17 | 1979-03-27 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of using bushing environmental control in glass fiber forming |
US4380462A (en) * | 1978-05-08 | 1983-04-19 | Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd. | Glass fiber apparatus and method |
JPS5556028A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1980-04-24 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for forming glass fiber |
US4222757A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1980-09-16 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Method for manufacturing glass fibers |
US4321074A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1982-03-23 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Method and apparatus for manufacturing glass fibers |
JPS6320774B2 (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1988-04-30 | Ooensu Kooningu Fuaibaagurasu Corp | |
US20110253226A1 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2011-10-20 | Park Eunyoung | Isopipe sag control using improved end support conditions |
US9120691B2 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2015-09-01 | Corning Incorporated | Isopipe sag control using improved end support conditions |
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