US2313994A - Spray nozzle - Google Patents

Description

l, i943. J. W, GRANT SPRAY NOZZLE Filed July 24. 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 'ag'ch E6, 1943.

Filed July 24K 1941 5e if 54 53 7 SPRAY NOZ ZLE Humm w. GRANT 2,313,994

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 f Y ,4 frozen/5K5 Patented Mar. 16, 1943 SPRAY NOZZLE Jordan W. Grant, Portsmouth, Va., assignor to Akron Brass Manufacturing Company, Inc., Wooster, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application July 24, 1941, Serial No. 403,854

Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in spray nozzles for ejecting a stream in the form of a dense :loud of vapor or mist.

Heretofore in the construction of spray nozzles the ultimate object has always been to produce an extremely iine stream having all the characteristics and qualities of vapor or mist. However the spray obtainable through the use of the prior art nozzles is more aptly termed a coarse mist having for all purposes the appearance and feel of a spray consisting of small particles or streams of liquid. Furthermore, it was necessary, in the use of such prior nozzle, to eject the iluid therefrom under relatively high pressures which in itself materially restricted their use.

In the construction of these prior nozzles numerous designs have been employed in an effort to produce a spray of the desired volume and fineness, the most common of these being either the use of `a rotor within the nozzle or an adjustable sleeve telescopically engaging the discharge end of the nozzle and adapted to coact with a deflector head for breaking up the stream. Neither of these particular nozzle designs are capable of producing a spray having the density and fineness that is obtainable with a nozzle of the present invention. With the nozzle of the present invention the liquid is ejected therefrom as a spray consisting of closely spaced minute globules of liquid which might for all intents and purposes be described as a dense blanket or cloud of cold steam.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a nozzle having suitable mechanism associated therewith to produce a dense luidic cone of vapor or mist.

Another object of the invention resides in the provision of a nozzle having the inner surface of the outlet end configured to intercept and break up a liquid stream into a dense mist of minute particles.

Another object of the invention is to construct a nozzle having a delector head associated therewith, the peripheral surface of said head being formed to intercept and break up a liquid stream into a dense cone of minute globules of liquid.

A further object of the invention is to provide a nozzle capable of producing a dense cloud of vapor or inist at a relatively low pressure.

A further object is to provide the deflector head with a passage therethrough configured to produce a smaller or inner cone of vapor or mist.

A still further object is to construct the deflector head in such a manner as to be capable of independent adjustment to change the contour of the inner cone of vapor ory mist.

VOther objects of the invention arel to construct a nozzle that is simpleand-compact, relatively light n weight, economic of manufacture and which is eflicient in operation.

Other objects and advantages more or less ancillary to theforegoing and the manner in which all the various objects are realized will appear in the following description, which considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, sets forth the preferred embodiment of the invention.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevational view of the improved nozzle with a portion of the discharge end thereof shown in section:

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional-view of the improved nozzle showing the outer sleeve and deilector head in an actuated position;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional View of a fragmentary portion of the nozzle illustrating another position of the sleeve and deflector head;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary View similar to Fig. 3 showing the nozzle in still another actuated position;

Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view showing the supporting medium for the deflector head, the view being taken on a plane indicated by line 5-5 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view of the discharge end of the nozzle, the view being taken on a plane indicated by line 6 6 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified form of the invention, showing the nozzle in its closed position;

Fig. 8 is an end view of a portion of the nozzle disclosed in Fig.,'7;

Fig. 9 is an 'elevational view partially in section of the modified form of the nozzle, showing the nozzle in one of its actuated positions;

Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional View of the discharge end of the nozzle, the view being taken on a plane indicated by line Ill--lll of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a longitudinal View of a fragmentary portion of the nozzle illustrated in Figs. 7 to 10, showing the nozzle in position for producing the inner cone of vapor or mist;

Fig. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of a fragmentary portion of another modied form of the nozzle;

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig.

12 showing the nozzle in one of its actuated positions;

As shown in Fig. 2, the nozzle comprises a tubular inner sleeve I formed with an enlarged end portion which is threaded internally for engagement with an elongated hose coupling member I2. Interposed between the coupling member I2 and the enlarged end there is a resilient washer I4 for sealing the connection between the sleeve and coupling member. The outer end of the coupling member I2 is provided With an enlarged head l5, the inner surface of which is threaded for engagement with a hose line in the usual manner. A washer I6 is positioned within the head I to insure a fluidtight connection between the hose and nozzle.

The outer or forward end of the sleeve I0 is provided with an inwardly projecting annular shoulder I8 defining a cylindrical discharge'passageway of reduced diameter. Formed at the inner end of the sleeve I0 there is a pair of diametrically disposed inwardly extending arms |9, Fig. 5, havingone end of a tubular member secured thereto which terminates adjacent the inner edge of the shoulder I8. The tubular member 20 is bored throughout the major portion of its length for the reception of a coil spring 22. Within the outer end oi the tubular member 20, which is counterbored and tapped, there is a stem 24 of a defiector head 25 arranged in axial alignment with the passageway deilned by the shoulder I8. The outer diameter of the defiector head 25 is greater than the diameter of the passageway defined by the shoulder I8 and the rear or inner wall of the head 25 is provided with a concave surface 26 extending from the stem 24 to the outer edge of the head. 'I'he surface 26 of the head provides the nozzle with a flared outlet to facilitate the ejection of a conical stream.

The defiector head 25 is formed with an internal chamber or recess 28 which is in direct communication with the interior of sleeve I0 at all times through ports 29 provided in the concave rear wall 26. Formed on the outer face of the defiector head 25 circumambient the chamber 28 there is an annular bead or lip 30, the inner face 3| of which is preferably serrated, although it is within the scope of the present invention to provide the face 3| with a threaded, knurled, corduroy or ribbed surface.

The stem 24 of the defiector head 25 is bored throughout its length for the reception of a rod 33, the inner end of which projects through the coil spring 22 and an aperture formed in the base of the tubular member 20. A collar 34 is threaded upon the rod 33 intermediate the spring 22 and the inner end of the stem 24, while a nut 35 is threaded upon the rod subjacent the tubular member 20. 'I'he outer end of the rod 33 projects into the chamber 28 of the head 25 and is provided with an integrally formed head 31 which is spaced from the serrated surface 3| of the bead 3U to provide an inner annular discharge passage. Formed on the peripheral surface of the head 31 adjacent the base thereof there is a plurality of grooves 39 which are inclined slightly with respect to the vertical axis of the head. The'grooves 39 coact with the serrated surface 3| for intercepting and breakingI up a stream of water into a dense cloud of vapor or mist. The outer or forward end of the head 31 is spherical and of a diameter slightlyless than that of the grooved base portion to facilitate the ejection of any iluid that might possibly enter the grooves 39. Although the head 31, as shown,

is formed with grooves 39, it is within the scope of the present invention to provide the head 3l with surfaces of other types, such as threaded, knurled or ribbed. When two grooved surfaces define a passageway the grooves on one surface must be at a substantial angle to the grooves on the other surface.

An outer sleeve or member 40 is threaded upon the tubular inner sleeve I0 for movement longitudinally thereof. An inwardly extending annular shoulder 4| formed on the sleeve 40 adjacent the forward end is arranged to seat within a recess provided in the o..ter surface of the inner sleeve I0 upon the retraction of the outer sleeve 40. The diameter of the defiector head 25 is slightly less than the internal diameter of the annular shoulder 4I so as to form an outer annular discharge passage. The portion of the sleeve 40 beyond the shoulder 4| is flared outwardly to form an enlarged conical discharge opening 42. The annular shoulder 4| is provided with a grooved or threaded surface 43 arranged to cooperate with diagonal grooves 44 formed on the peripheral surface of the defiector he'ad 25 in a plane substantially normal to the threaded surface 43, Fig. 1, for intercepting and breaking up a stream of water into a dense cloud of vapor or mist. The contour of the outer cloud of vapor or mist ejected from the nozzle is determined by the position of the annular shoulder 4| with respect to the defiector head 25. It is to be understood that other types of surfaces such as serrated, knurled or ribbed may be formed on the shoulder 4I and defiector head 25 and still come within the spirit of the present invention.

The peripheral surface of the outer sleeve 40 and the enlarged end I of the sleeve I0 are preferably knurled to facilitate the longitudinal movement of the cuter sleeve with respect to the inner sleeve.

In the use of the nozzle, arranged as shown in Fig. 1, a stream of water flowing from a hose line will enter the coupling member I2 and inner sleeve I0 from which a portion of the fluid stream will flow through the ports 29 into the chamber 28 of the defiector head 25. As the water is forced from the chamber 28 through the annular passage between the head 31 and lip 30 it will strike the grooves 39 and serrated surface 3| where it -will be broken up and ejected in the form of minute globules possessing all the characteristics and appearances of a dense cloud of mist or vapor. The remaining portion of the stream impinges the rear wall 26 and flows along the concaved surface thereof finally entering the passage between the defiector head 25 and the outer sleeve 4D. The stream flowing between the head 25 and sleeve 40 will strike the serrated surface 43 and grooves 44 and be broken up into minute water particles and deflected out of the conical discharge opening 42 in the form of a dense cloud of mist or vapor of a cross sectional area greater than that of the cloud of mist discharged from the recess or chamber 28.

.The contour of the outer cone of mist or vapor eJected from the nozzle is determined by the position of the outer sleeve 40 with respect to the deilector head 25, while the contour of the inner cone is determined by the position of the head 31 with respect to the annular bead or lip 30 of the defiector head 25. As shown in l, the sleeve 40 and head 31 are so arranged with respect to the defiector head 25 that a stream of water is discharged from the nozzle in the form of straight streams of minute particles, with the particles of the inner stream being caught up and carried along by the outer stream to increase the volume thereof. As the outer sleeve 40 is retractedupon the inner sleeve IU the annular passage between the deector head and the sleeve 4U will be enlarged as shown in Fig. 2, thus changing the contour of the outer cone of mist or vapor in order to meet varying conditions as might occur in the case of a spreading re.

As shown in Fig. 3, the head 31 and rod 33 have been advanced beyond the annular bead formed on the deflector head 25 in order to enlarge the inner cone of mist or vapor produced by the nozzle. The' head 31 is susceptible of movement either forwardly or rearwardly in order to enlarge or restrict the size of the inner cone of mist or vapor. As shown in Fig. 4, the head 31 and rod 33 have been moved inwardly, against the action of the spring 22, in which position any foreign particles lodged within the recess 28 may be ejected therefrom by the stream flowing therethrough. The outward movement of the head 31 and rod 33 due to the action of thespring 22 will be limited by the collar 34 striking the inner end of the delector stem 24. The head 31 may be moved axially by first removing the sleeve ID, adjusting the rod 33 then tightening the nut 35 into locking engagement with the member 2E).

In the modied form of the nozzle shown in Figs. 7 through 11 the tubular inner sleeve 50 is provided with an enlargedend portion 5I which is threaded internally to facilitate the connection of a hose line thereto in the usual manner. A resilient washer 52 is disposed within the enlarged end 5| for sealing the connection between the nozzle and hose. An outer sleeve or body member 53 is threaded upon the inner sleeve 50 for axial movement with respect thereto. A packlng ring 54 disposed between the inner end of the outer sleeve 53 and the inner sleeve 50 is retained in place by a jam nut 55 threaded within the inner end of the outer sleeve.

Th forward end of the outer sleeve 53 is provided with an inwardly extending annular shoulder 51 having conical seats 58 and 59 formed cn opposite sides. The forward end portion of the outer sleeve 53 is coulterbored adjacent the conical seat 59 to provide an annular recess or ledge 6B, which is formed with a threaded or grooved surface 6|. The portion of the sleeve 53 beyond the ledge 60 is ared outwardly to provide an enlarged conical discharge opening 62. Secured within the inner end of the sleeve 5!) there is a spider 64 having one end of a stem B5 threaded therein coaxial with the inner sleeve 53. The outer end of the stem 65 is provided with an enlarged head B6, the forward surface of which is congured for engagement with the conical seat 58, Fig. '7, to completely shut oiT the passage of water through the nozzle.

Secured to the enlarged head 66 of the stern 65 there is a deflector head 68 of adiameter greater than that of the restricted passage 51 but less than that of the annular recess 6!)A so as to form an outer annular passage with the recess 60. The rear wall 69 of the deflector head 68 is substantially concave with a portion thereof adapted to engage the seat 59 to shut cff the passage of water between the deflector head 68 and the outer sleeve 53. The portion of the deflector head 68 complemeital to the recess or ledge 60 is provided with a plurality of diagonal grooves 10, Fig. 9, which are substantially normal to and adapted to cooperate with the threaded surface 6| to effect the ejection of a stream in the form of a dense cloud of vapor or mist. A chamber or recess 12 is formed in the deflector head 68 and is in direct communication with the interior of sleeve 50 through ports 13 provided in the rear wall 69. Secured within the deflector head 68 there is a member 15 the cuter end of which is spaced from the edge of the opening into the recess or chamber 12. The said edge is providedwith a serrated surface 16, While the peripheral surface of the member 15 is formed with a plurality of grooves 18 which are substantially normal to and adapted to coact with the serrated surface 16 to effect the discharge of an inner stream in the form of a dense cloud of mist or vapor. The contour of the member 15 is such as to facilitate the ejection of the inner stream in the form of a cone.

With the several parts of the nozzle assembled in the manner as shown in Fig. 1, the noz zle is completely shut off to the passage of a stream of water therethrough. Upon the rotativemovement of the outer sleeve 53 with respect to the inner sleeve 50 the conical seat 58 will be moved beyond the enlarged end portion 66 of the stem 65, Fig. 9, permitting a stream to flow through the inner and outer annular passages defined bythe outer sleeve 53, deiiector head 68 and member 15, As the outer sleeve 53 is moved forwardly the threaded surface 6l of the recess 60 will be moved into close proximity to the grooves" 10 formed on the deflector head 68 to facilitate the breaking up of the outer stream into a dense cloud of mist or vapor. The portion of the stream flowing through the ports 13 into the internal chamber or recess 12 of the deector head 68 will be impinged against the irregular surfaces formed on the member 15 and the deflector head to effect the ejection of the inner stream in the form of an inner cone of mist of minute particles.

Upon the continued forward movement of the outer sleeve 53 the contour of the outer cone of mist or vapor will be changed. With the outer sleeve 53 advanced to the position shown in Fig. 1l, the rear wall 69 of the dellector head will be disposed upon the conical seat 59 for completely shutting off the outer stream of water. Prior to the seatingr of the delector head upon the conical seat 59 the contour of the outer cone of mist or vapor ejected through the outer annular discharge outlet will be narrowed to such an extent as to produce a straight stream of mist or vapor which will tend to envelope the inner cone of vapor, thereby adding to the vol-v ume of the ejected vapor or mist. With the deector head supported upon the seat 59, as shown in Fig. ll, the stream flowing through the nozzle will pass through the ports 13 into the chamber 12 so that only the yinner cone of mist or vapor will be ejected from the nozzle.

Another modified form of the nozzle is shown in the Figs. l2 and 13 wherein the portion of the outer sleeve defining a restricted passageway through the nozzle is provided with a serrated or threaded surface 8l. The portion of the outer sleeve 80 rearwardly of the surface 8l is adapted to be engaged by the enlarged head 82 of thestem 83 for closing the valve against the passage of a stream therethrough.

As shown in Fig. 13, the peripheral surface of the dellector head 84 is formed with knurled grooves which are disposed at a slight angle to the threaded surface 8| to produce a dense cloud of vapor or mist. Mounted within the stem 83 and extending through the deflector head 84 there is a rod 86 having a head or knob 81 formed on the outer end thereof which is adapted to coact with the deflector head 84 in the same manner as the nozzle shown in Fig. 2 to effect the ejection of an inner cone of vapor or mist. The head 81 is capable of threaded adjustment with res; ct to the deector head 84 in order to vary the contour of the inner cone of vapor or mist. As shown in Figs. 12 and 13 the discharge end of the outer sleeve 80 is provided with a convex surface 89 to insure the ejection of an outer cone of mist or vapor at all times.

In the use of the nozzle, shown in Figs. 12 and 13, the forward face of the enlarged head 82 is adapted to engage the rear surface of the portion 8| for sealing the nozzle against the passage of a stream therethrough. Upon the forward movement of the outer sleeve 80 the uid flowing through the nozzle will pass through the ports 88 formed in the rear wall of the deflector head 84 and be ejected from the nozzle in the form of an inner cone of vapor or mist. The remaining portion of the uid flowing through the nozzle will pass between the deector head 84 and the outer sleeve 8U impinging the irregular surfaces 8| and 85 to produce an outer cone of vapor or mist.

As the outer sleeve 80 is moved forwardly beyond the deiiector head 84 the contour of the outer cone of mist will not be narrowed or restricted in the manner of the nozzle disclosed in Figs. 2 and 7, but will continue to be ejected in the form of a cone due to the stream flowing over the convex surface 89. The seating of the deector head 84 upon the conical seat 90, Fig. 13, will completely shut oi the outer cone of mist and permit the stream to ow through the deflector head 84 and be ejected therefrom in the form of an inner cone of minute particles.

By providing the discharge ports of the nozzle with irregular surfaces the cones of mist or vapor may be produced at extremely low pressure. This constitutes a material advantage over nozzles of the prior art in that the present nozzle is susceptible of use in many restricted low pressure areas.

Although the foregoing description is necessarily of a detailed character, in order that the invention may be completely set forth, it is to be understood that the specic terminology is not intended to be restrictive or confining, and that various rearrangements of parts and modications of detail may be resorted to without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as herein claimed.

I claim:

1. A nozzle comprising a tubular inner sleeve, and outer sleeve axially adjustable upon the inner sleeve and having grooves upon its inner surface, a. stem secured in the inner sleeve coaxial therewith, a deector head mounted thereon and spaced from the outer sleeve to define an outer annular discharge passage, said deector head provided with a recess in the outer end thereof in communication with said inner sleeve, a member in the recess in said deector head and spaced from the edge of the opening into said recess to form an inner annular discharge passageway, the

edge of the opening into said recess having grooves formed thereon, said member and deector head having grooves formed upon the peripheral surface substantially normal to the grooves on said sleeve and deflector head for producing a dense cloud of vapor.

2. A nozzle comprising inner and outer sleeves with the outer sleeve telescopically engaging the inner sleeve and movable longitudinally thereon, a stem secured in the inner sleeve coaxial therewith, a deilector head mounted thereon and arranged to coact with a portion of said outer sleeve to dene an outer annular discharge passage, the portions of said deflector head and outer sleeve which define the outer passage having grooves formed thereon substantially normal to one another to effect the ejection of a dense cloud of mist, a recess in said deiiectorhead, a member mounted in said recess so as to form an inner annular discharge passage communicating with the inner sleeve, the edge of the opening into said recess, and the edge of the said member cooperating to dene said passage, said passage s walls having grooves formed thereon, the grooves on the deflector being substantially normal to those on the member for intercepting and breaking up a stream into extremely fine minute particles of mist.

3. A nozzle comprising an inner sleeve having a tubular member secured therein coaxial therewith. a deiiector head affixed to the tubular member and extending beyond the end of the inner sleeve, a plurality of grooves formed on the peripheral surface of the head, said defiector head formed with a recess communicating with the inner sleeve, a rod extending through the deflecttor head and tubular member, an enlarged end formed on the outer end of the rod and spaced from the edge of the opening into said recess to form an inner discharge port, said enlarged end and deflector head having grooves formed thereon with the grooves of said enlarged end being substantially normal to the grooves of said deflector head to effect the ejection of a dense cloud of vapor, said rod being adjustable longitudinally of the deector head to vary the contour of the inner cloud of vapor. an outer sleeve mounted upon the inner sleeve and having a portion thereof spaced from the periphery of the deiiector head to clene an outer annular dis charge port, said outer sleeve having annular grooves formed therein substantially normal to the peripheral grooves of said head and arranged to coact with the peripheral grooves on the deilector head for intercepting and breaking up a stream into a dense cloud of mist, said outer sleeve being susceptible of adjustment longitudinally of the inner sleeve to vary the contour of the outer cloud of mist.

4. A nozzle comprising an inner tubular sleeve, an outer sleeve movable longitudinally thereon and having an inwardly extending shoulder, a stem secured within the inner sleeve coaxial therewith, an enlarged end formed thereon engageable with said shoulder upon the movement of the outer sleeve for sealing said nozzle, said outer sleeve having a cylindrical counterbored portion therein adjacent its outer end with internal grooves formed thereon, a delector head afxed to said enlarged end and having grooves formed on the periphery thereof substantially normal to the grooves of said sleeve; the grooves on said head being arranged to coact with the grooves of the counterbored portion for intercepting and breaking up a stream into minute globules, a recess communicating with the inner sleeve, a member positioned within. said recess and cooperating with the walls of the recess to form a discharge passage, grooves formed on the said walls and on the said member, with the grooves on the walls disposed at an angle to the grooves on the member to effect the ejection of a dense inner cloud of vapor.

5. A nozzle comprising inner and vouter sleeves with the outer sleeve movable longitudinally upon the inner sleeve, an'inwardly extending annular shoulder formed on the outer sleeve, and having grooves formed thereon, a stem secured within the inner sleeve coaxial therewith and terminating in an enlarged end for engaging the rear surface of the shoulder to seal the nozzle, an outwardly ilared convex surface formed in the discharge end of the outer sleeve, a deilector head disposed on the forward side of said shoulder and secured to said enlarged end, said deflector head having grooves formed on the periphery thereof substantially normal to the grooves of said shoulder for ejecting a conical stream of minute globules of vapor, said detlector head provided With a recess communicating with the said inner sleeve, a rod extending through said head and secured within said stem, a head formed on` JORDAN W. GRANT.

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