US2326361A - Building construction - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 10, 1943- o. s. JAcoBsr-:N

Aug. 10, 1943- o. s. JAcoBsEN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 22, 1941 2 Sheets-Shout 2 Id l 17 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Otto S. Jacobsen, Chicago, Ill., assignor to The Loek-Seal Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Application August 22, 1941, Serial No. 407,849

(Cl. "i2-29) 5 Claims.

This invention relates in general to improvements in building construction but also includes certain details of construction such as a novel locking joint which may be adapted for various purposes.

The objects of this invention are to provide an improved type of building construction and parts used therein; to provide structural elements for use in building Walls, floors, partitions and other parts of buildings; to provide interlocking blocks or plates and spacers which are adapted to be held in position by plastic fillers such as concrete or the like; to provide an improved wall or floor with inter-engaging sectional parts and insulating boards; to provide an improved floor including interlocking floor members which co-act with transverse reinforced beams: and to provide such other novel features and advantages as will appear more fully hereinafter.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating this invention,

Figure 1 is a perspective View of a portion of a wall including certain features of this invention, parts being broken away for convenience in illustration;

Figure 2 is a perspective detail of one of the building elements or wall plates;

Figure 3 is a perspective detail of a locking spacer or channel for connecting the wall plates;

Figure 4 is a perspective view ol a portion of a beam or column formed during the construction and comprising a portion of the locking joint;

Figure 5 is a plan view of my improved wall;

Figure 6 is a sectional View taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 5;

Figure 'l is a perspective view of a portion of floor and ceiling embodying this invention, and

Figure 8 is a sectional plan View showing a modification providing for insulation.

The principal building plates or blocks I0 intended to be incorporated in the wall. are made of any suitable material such as tile, cement, glass, asbestos or the like, and have transverse projections or flanges II at the ends and similar flanges I2 intermediate of the ends. These plates also have ribs, anges or locking members I3 adjacent to the flanges II the sides of said ribs which face the ends of the plates being beveled or inclined as shown particularly in Fig. 2. The

plates also have beveled ribs or flanges I4 on either side flanges I2. The undercut or beveled ribs or flanges I3 and I4 are engaged by channel shaped tie plates or locking spacers I5 which are shown in Figure 3. The inner faces of the anges of the channel shaped tie plates l5 are beveled at an angle of approximately 45 as shown at I6 for engagement with the beveled ribs or flanges and the opposite edges are preferably beveled or cut away as shown at I'I. These spacers may be of approximately the same length as the Width of the plates I0 or may be sufllciently long to interlock with a series of such plates.

Corner plates or blocks I8 may be rounded or curved as shown in Figure 1 and have transverse marginal grooves I9 for receiving the end flanges II of the straight or side plates, thus forming tongue and groove engagement between these parts.

When a wall is to be built utilizing these elements, the rst course of the plates or blocks I0 are set up in parallel relation and the tie plates or spreaders I5 placed in engaging positions as shown in Figures 1, 5 and 6. On account of having the anges of the tie plates beveled as shown to engage with the complementary beveled sides of the ribs of the plates, the parts do not need to be made with as great precision as in former proposed constructions, and the parts may also be assembled or built up with greater rapidity. The lowermost spreaders may be of about half the width of the blocks as shown in Figure 6 and the next spreaders placed thereon will extend upwardly beyond the tops of the blocks of the first course so as to break the joints and to interlock the different courses. The plates or blocks I0 are also preferably of different lengths so as to conveniently break the joints between the inside blocks and outside blocks as shown in Figure 5. The spacers may be held temporarily in position by any suitable holders (not shown) but as these spacers are also preferably made of the same material as the plates or blocks, they may ordinarily be set up and will remain in position for the finishing or completing operation. This constitutes pouring any suitable filler such as concrete or cement into the spaces between the adjacent locking spacers which provides fillings 20 which tend to press the beveled flanges of the spacers closely against the beveled sides o f the ribs or flanges I3 or I4 and lock the parts securely together. Where the joints are broken between the inside and outside plates the abutting end flanges will be held together after the concrete has set and the oppositely disposed fianges I2 will also be imbedded in the concrete. These fillings 20 together with the locking spacers will provide columns along the wall whereby a particularly substantial and rigid wall structure is provided. The concrete or cement filling 2| in the corner tends to press the adjacent plates together or into interlocking relations and when the concrete has set, a particularly rigid and subsantial corner structure is formed. My improved construction and building elements may be utilized for forming floors and ceilings as shown in Figure 7. In this arrangement the blocks or plates 22 and 23 are shaped similarly to the block I0 and are made of suitable material for ceiling and floor surfaces respectively. When the floors are to be formed the plates are assembled in the manner shown and held by temporary supports preparatory to securing the locking plates with concrete as shown at 24. For this purpose, the upper plates 23 are preferably made shorter than the lower plate to provide spaces 25 for placing the concrete in position. The top plates are preferably staggered as shown so that each alternate row will have an opening for inserting the concrete. The concrete or filling 24 may be reinforced with rods 26 in order to strengthen the floor beams or joists which results from the placing of the concrete in the locking joints, such concrete being carried across the floor and the end sections or portions being supported on walls or the like in any well known manner. By means of this arrangement, sanitary and flreproof walls and floors or complete buildings may be rapidly constructed and will be durable in use. It will be apparent that either the outside or inside surfaces may be coated or plastered if desired.

While the air entrapped between the plates will provide a certain amount of insulation, additional insulation may be readily secured by inserting insulating boards 21 in the spaces between the plates, the ends of these boards being held between the flanges I3 and lugs or projections 28 on the locking spacers I5.

It will be noted that the means for fastening the side plates or blocks together by means of interlocking spacers which are forced in locking position by any suitable means such as the concrete flllers or other means for spreading them apart, constitutes a locking joint which is unique in building construction and which may also be utilized for other purposes if desired.

While I have shown and described a preferred form of my invention and certain elements utllized in connection with the same, it is apparent that changes may be made in the shape or form of the parts to adapt the same for different constructions and therefore I do not wish to be limited to the particular construction shown and described, except as specified in the following claims in which I claim:

1. A building construction comprising a wall formed of spaced apart flat blocks each block having a transverse flange at either end thereof and a similar flange intermediate the ends thereof and also having beveled flanges adjacent to the first named flanges, the blocks on one side of the wall being staggered with relation to the blocks on the other side of the wall, channel members extending across between the blocks and having their edges beveled on one side only for engagement with the beveled flanges, and concrete lllling in the spaces between adjacent channels for holding the beveled edges of the channels in engagement with the beveled flanges and also locking together the flanges on the abutting ends of the blocks.

2. A wall comprising a series of spaced apart flat wall plates, each plate having an inwardly projecting flange at the end which abuts a corresponding flange at the end of the `adjacent plate and having parallel ribs spaced from the end flanges, the faces of the ribs nearest the ends of the plates being undercut with a bevel, some of said plates also having inwardly projecting center flanges and having two inwardly projecting ribs adjacent to each center flange on opposed sides thereof, the opposed faces of the ribs being undercut with a bevel, channel shaped tie plates having their flanges beveled on their inner faces engaging with the complementary beveled faces of the ribs of the opposed wall plates, and concrete filling the space between the tie plates and the connected wall plates, said concrete engaging with the end flanges to fasten the ends of adjacent plates together and also serving to hold the beveled flanges of the tie plates against the beveled faces of the ribs, the arrangement being such that the concrete tends to press the tie plates closely into engagement with the coacting wall plates and forms the ultimate locking means for locking the tie plates and wall plates together.

3. A wall including a series of spaced apart wall plates, each plate having inwardly projecting transverse ribs having their faces undercut with a bevel, channel shape tie plates having their flanges beveled on their inner faces at an angle which is substantially complementary tothe bevel 0n the faces of the ribs, pairs of plates engaging with ribs of the opposed wall plates and having their backs opposed with a space therebetween, and a illler in the space between the wall plates and the tie plates, said filler serving to hold the tie plates against the beveled faces of the ribs and locking the several parts together.

4. A building structure comprising a plurality of spaced apart plates, pairs-of parallel ribs projecting inwardly from the plates with their opposed faces undercut with a bevel, tie plates having beveled flanges engaging with the beveled faces of pairs of ribs on the opposite plates, the adjacent tie plates having their backs opposed with a space therebetween, and locking means comprising a sealing composition between the pairs of tie plates, said locking means serving to force the beveled flanges of the tie plates closely into engagement with the beveled faces of the coacting ribs and also serving to lock the plates and tie plates together.

5. In a floor construction, the combination of a plurality of series of lower plates and upper plates, said lower and upper plates having oppositely disposed inwardly projecting ribs with their faces undercut on a bevel, spacers interposed between the plates, each spacer having outwardly facing beveled flanges which interlock with the undercut beveled faces of the ribs on the opposed lower and upper plates, and concrete fillings between the adjacent spacers which holds them in locking engagement with the ribs on the plates, said fillings extending across the floor and coacting with the plates and spacers to provide supporting beams.

OTTO S. JACOBSEN.

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