US2373006A - Means for operating well apparatus - Google Patents

Means for operating well apparatus Download PDF

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US2373006A
US2373006A US469065A US46906542A US2373006A US 2373006 A US2373006 A US 2373006A US 469065 A US469065 A US 469065A US 46906542 A US46906542 A US 46906542A US 2373006 A US2373006 A US 2373006A
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cylinder
well
piston
container
pressure
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US469065A
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Reuben C Baker
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Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations LLC
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Baker Oil Tools Inc
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/06Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells for setting packers
    • E21B23/065Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells for setting packers setting tool actuated by explosion or gas generating means
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12Packers; Plugs
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/112Perforators with extendable perforating members, e.g. actuated by fluid means
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/02Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil
    • E21B49/06Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil using side-wall drilling tools pressing or scrapers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to means for 0D- erating well apparatus, and is particularly concorned with operations conducted in bore holes, such as oil, gas and similar wells.
  • Various types of apparatus are lowered in a well bore on a running-in string, such as a wire line, to a predetermined point where the aptus is to be operated.
  • the operation of the particular equipment may be sudden and violent, as when the device is actuated ex- Dlosively, or requires the application of a strain on the running-in string to efiect its full periormance in the well bore.
  • well packers especially those lowered through the well bore on the end of a wire line, large strains are placed on the wire line to set the acker fully.
  • It is an object or the present invention to overcome the aforementioned dimculties by providing means for operating well apparatus by fluid pressure forces that are gradually generated when desired at the location of the apparatus in the well bore.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide improved means for operating well apparatus adapted to be lowered in a well bore on a running-in string, in which full and complete operation of the apparatus requires or 'nnposes substantially no strain or strains on the running-in string.
  • Still a further object of the invention is to provide an improved apparatus capable of firmly and securely setting a well packer, such as a bridge plug, in a well bore or casing with a predetermined maximum setting force and without imposing strains on the wire line by which such apparatus and plug are usually run in the well bore.
  • the maximum setting force is created and approached gradually, rather than suddenly, and is controlled to release the setting apparatus automatically from the bridge plug, so as to permit its removal from the well bore.
  • the invention contemplates the gradual generation of fluid pressure from chemical reaction between two or more substances which are prevented from contacting one another until such time as it is desired to operate the particular apparatus being employed in the well bore.
  • fluid pressure is created at the location of the apparatus in the well bore, and furnishes a source of energy which is gradually built up and gradually applied to the device employed in the well bore.
  • the fluid pressure may be created through the reaction or an acid material and, a base metal, or througlfithe reaction of an acid material and the carbonate or bicarbonate salt of a base metal, or combinations thereof, or through the chemical reaction between any substances capable of producing a pressure stable gas.
  • a pressure stable gas is meant a gas which is not decom posed by the application of pressure alone.
  • Any chemically reactive substances may be used to build up either gaseous or liquid fluid pressure, so long as the substances are initially kept from one another, being permitted to contact and chemically react whenever the pressure is to be generated. Specific examples of chemically reactive substances capable of achieving applicant's objectives are set forth later in this specificatlon.
  • Figure l is an elevational view of one form of apparatus within a 'well bore
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal section disclosing the upper part of the'apparatus shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 2b is a longitudinal section disclosing the lower part of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross section taken along the line 3-3 in Figure 2;
  • Figure 7 i a longitudinal section or the upperportion of a modified form of tripping device employable in connection with well apparatus, such as that disclosed in Figure 1;
  • Figure 7a is a longitudinal section of the lower portion of a tripping device, forming a lower continuation of Figure 7;
  • Figure 8 is a longitudinal section through still another embodiment of the tripping device employable in connection with well apparatus, such as that disclosed in Figure 1.
  • Figure 9 is a longitudinal se-tion through another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 9, illustrating the apparatus with its parts in another operative position;
  • Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure 9, disclosing the apparatus with its parts in still another operative position;
  • Figure 12 is a cross section taken along the line I2H! in Figure 9;
  • Figure 13 is a cross section taken along the line l3l3 in Figure 9;
  • Figure 14 is a partial section of a modification of the apparatus shown in Figures 9, 10 and 11.
  • FIG. 1 to Go The form of the invention disclosed in Figures 1 to Go, inclusive, has been devised particularly as a wire line bridge plug apparatus.
  • such apparatus includes an upper tripping device A, an intermediate setting device B, and a lower packer or bridge plug C connected to the lower end of the setting device.
  • the packer is to be anchored in packed-of! condition within a well casing D through which the entire apparatus can be lowered on the end of a wire or other flexible line E.
  • the particular bridge plug illustrated in the drawings is of a known design and is specifically described in each of several United States patents, such as Nos. 2,121,051 and 2,204,648. Essentially it consists of a tubular body llihaving a guide I I threaded on an abutment l2 at its lower end and a plug 13 screwed into its central passage I to prevent fluid flow therethrough in both directions.
  • a packing sleeve I is disposed around the body, and is coupled at its ends to upper and lower tapered expanders I8, I! slidably mounted on the body l0. These expanders are initially secured to the body by sheer screws l8, I! so as to hold the packing sleeve I!
  • a set of upper segmental slips is disposed around the body and is initially secured to the upper expander or cone It by shear screws 2
  • the upper slips 20 are cooperable with the upper expander I6 and engageabie with the casing to prevent upward movement of the packer, while the lower slips 22 are cooperable with their expander 11 and engageable with the casing wall to prevent downward movement of the packer, as shown in Figure 6a.
  • the setting tool B otthe apparatus is secured to the bridge plug C in such manner that the setting force generated by the chemical reaction between substances contained within the setting tool is transmitted to the bridge plug to anchor it firmlyand securely in the well casing.
  • a sleeve 24 is threaded in the upper end of the packer body I3 and receives a shear plug 23 which is secured to the sleeve by a shear pin 28 extending through both the sleeve and plug.
  • a generally tubular actuating mandrel 21 is threadedly attached to the shear plug and is provided with longitudinally extending slots 23.
  • pins 43 extending through the setting ring 40 and anvil 31 prevent their disassembly, while removal or loss of these latter pins 43 is prevented by the fact that the holes 44 in the setting ring through which they extend are en compassed by the upper portion 45 of the setting sleeve 4
  • one of the substances 4. may be contained in the cylinder immediately above the piston, and the other substance 41 can be initially retained in a container 43 so that it is kept tree from contact with the other reacting substance until such time as fluid pressure within the cylinder is to be generated.
  • specific reference will be made at this time to certain chemical compounds and elements that have actually been employed to create the desired pressures, but it is to be understood that many other operable substances may similarly be employed in their place.
  • Zinc shavings 43 are placed in the cylinder 33 in loose fashion on top of the piston 33, or they may be contained loosely for convenience in a perforated basket 43, which is lowered into the cylinder and rests upon the piston.
  • the upper container 43 is filled completely with hydrochloric acid 41 which is held therewithin and prevented i'rom commingling with the zinc shavings 43 by closing the lower end of the container with a destructible glass or other closure II secured to the lower end of the container by a clamp ring 5
  • the bottom closure of the container 43 is destroyed in any suitable manner, as by lowering the container and forcing the closure onto a point 82 forming the hub of a spider like ring 33 seating on an internal shoulder 54 in the cylinder.
  • the hydrochloric acid in the container 43 flows over and reacts with the zinc shavings to produce hydrogen gas.
  • the proportions and quantities of zinc shavings and bydrochloric acid are such that a comparatively high unit pressure can be generated or developed, of more than suiilcient extent to set the packer C in the well casing D.
  • the fluid pressure being generated in the cylinder is causing the piston 33 toexert a downward force on the upper set of slips 20, through the setting sleeve ti, and an upward force on the packer body it, through the cylinder 30, mandrel 2i, and parts 25, 2B, 26 connecting the mandrel to the body it.
  • the shear plug 25 formin the lower end of the setting device is connected to the shear sleeve or sub 26 through the shear pin it.
  • This pin 26 has a predetermined shear value, and when the pressure increases sufficiently in the cylinder. the upward force exerted on the cylinder iii. actuating mandrel 2i, and shear plug 2'5 shears the pin 25 and automatically disconnects the shear plug 25 from the sub 26.
  • the entire mechanism A. B will then be disconnected from the packer.
  • the acid container it is initially held in elevated position within the cylinder a short distance above the c osure breaker 52, 53 by suspending it from a releasing mechanism 37.
  • a central plug device 58 is threaded into the upper end of the container at.
  • a pair of latches 66 is mounted in-the slot 65 on a pivot pin 61 secured to the upper rod 64 and extending across its'slot. These latches 66 project in opposite directions and have detents 88 formed on their foot portions engageable with the lower ends of opposed longitudinal slots 89 in the lock sleeve 62, to prevent downward movement of the trip rod 64, the lower rod 60, and the container 48 attached thereto.
  • the latches 6B are also provided with oppositely directed arms ill, H
  • Each latch has a light arm H projecting upwardly, which is held in this position with the detent 68 locked against the lower end of the slot 69 by an opposite heavy arm ill on the latch.
  • the latches may be secured together by a shear screw E2.
  • the latching device just de scribed is claimed in my application for Trip device for well apparatus, Serial No. 411,801, filed September 22, 1941, now Patent No. 2.330258, granted September 28, 1943.
  • a perforated barrel 13 forming part of a. telescopic jarring mechanism is secured, as by welding, to a connecting pin i l that is threaded into the trip sleeve 62.
  • a head 15 is threaded on the upper end of this barrel.
  • the inner part oft the telescopic jar consists of an inner mandrel it having a lower mandrel head 11 adapted to engage the upper barrel head it when the telescopic jar is activatsdupwardly to deliver a blow to the barrel i3, and through the connecting pin M to the lower members of the apparatus.
  • the threading of a sinker bar It of snflicient weight on the upper end of the mandrel it permits downward jarring to take place through its ability to contact and deliver a blow downwardly on the barrel head 75 and barrel E3.
  • a pin joint 19 that is also threaded in a socket 8d adapted to receive and be secured to the lower end of the wire line E in any suitable manner.
  • such connection is efiected'by providing segmental slips ti having outer tapered surfaces 82 and inner wicker-ed surfaces 83 adapted to grip the wire line E.
  • the outer tapered surfaces 82 are cooperable with a companion tapered surface 86 inthe socket body 86 into which the pin joint 19 is threaded.
  • the upper end 8% of the pin joint engages the slips 86 to force them towards the convergent end of the body taper t6 and radially inwardly into gripping engagement with the wire line E.
  • Elevation of the entire mechanism sufllciently causes the lower friction collar 88 to engage the light arms 1
  • the telescopic jar can be manipulated to deliver a blow, either downwardly through the falling action of the sinker bar 18 on the barrel head 15, or upwardly through engagement of the mandrel head 11 with the barrel head I8, which blow is directed through the barrel 18, connecting pin 14, tripping sleeve 82, upper cylinder head 8
  • Air may be excluded by completely filling the container 48 with acid, and by filling the voids between the zinc shavings and the remainder of the space in the cylinder around the container with a liquid that does not react with the zinc shavings.
  • the hydrostatic pressure may be balanced by providing an equalizing valve 8I in the piston 88, consisting of a valve seat 82 at the upper high pressure end of the piston adapted to be engaged by a valve head 88 having a spring retainer 84 threaded on its stem 88 against which a spring 88 bears in order to tend to hold the valve downwardly in closed position.
  • an equalizing valve 8I in the piston 88 consisting of a valve seat 82 at the upper high pressure end of the piston adapted to be engaged by a valve head 88 having a spring retainer 84 threaded on its stem 88 against which a spring 88 bears in order to tend to hold the valve downwardly in closed position.
  • the hydrostatic fluid head or pressure therein may exert itself on the fluid within the cylinder 88 by the passage of fluid through the vent hole 81 in the lower cylinder head 28 to the low pressure end of the cylinder, from where the fluid can open the one way equalizing valve 8
  • the hydrostatic pressure is also equalized by being imposed upon the acid 41 within the container 48.
  • the plug device 88 at the upper end of the container is made generally in two parts. namely, an outer plug 88 threaded into the upper end of the container 48 having 0. depending tube 88 closed at its lower end, and an inner plug I88 secured to the lower trip rod 88, which is threaded into the outer plug 88 and has a depending equalizer tube I8I extending into the outer tube 88.
  • the inner tube l8l communicates with the cylinder externally oi the container 48 by virture of the clearance space I82 between the rod head 88 and inner plug I88, while the outer tube 88 is in communication with the inner tube at its lower end and also with the interior of the container 48 through a vent I88 near its upper end.
  • a tortuous path between the interior and the elite-- rior of the container through which the pressure externally of the container is equalized internally thereof by being exerted through fluid in the clearance space I82, the inner tube III, the annular space between the inner tube III and outer tube 88, and the vent I88, to' the fluid within the container.
  • Contamination or commingling between the fluid externally of the container and the acid therewithin prior to breaking of the cover 88 is prevented by filling the inner and outer tubes
  • This 011 functions to transmit pressure through the tortuous path,
  • in the piston 88 function to equalize the pressure internally of the cylinder and its associated elements with the hydrostatic head externally thereof, but it also functions as a relief valve upon disruption of the shear pin 28 securing the shear plug 28 to the packer C.
  • this shear pin breaks under the action of the fluid pressure within the cylin der, the piston 88 is free to move downwardly to its fullest extent, which is determined through engagement of the piston with the upper annular portion of the lower cylinder head 28.
  • valve spring retainer 84 engages the upper end of the actuating mandrel 21 and lower head 28 to open the valve against the action of its spring 88 and permit the pressure within the cylinder 88 to be dissipated through the valve 8
  • the substances employed in the cylinder 88 and container 48 may be suitably chmen and used in various proportions.
  • about forty ounces of zinc shavings were provided in the cylinder, and this was caused to react with about one galaaraocc ion of approidmately 35% hydrochloric acid placed in the container.
  • the voids between the mic shavings and the remaining space in the cylinder could have been filled with water, but greater finalv pressures were developedwhen the remaining fluid consisted of a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate.
  • about one gallon of a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate was sumcient to completely fill the remaining spaces in the cylinder, so as to exclude all air.
  • substances employable in the cylinder Sll are the reacting of aluminum, iron, cadmium, mercury, magnesium, calcium, sodium, or potassium, etc., with a suitable inorganic or organic acid, such as hydrochloric, sulphuric, nitric, acetic, citric, etc. It is, of course, also possible to react aluminum with sodium hydroxide and water, and sodium or potassium with water.
  • Various filling solutions can be used to fill. the spaces remaining in the cylinder after placement of the reacting substance therein, in addition to water or a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate, so long as such filling solution does not react with the base metal inserted at the top or the piston.
  • This filling solution may or may not react with the acid, as desired, although it is preferred that it do so whenever it assist in producing the desired fluid pres sure, Premature reaction of an active filling solution with the acid will not occur, since comingling of the acid in the container and the fluid externally thereof is prevented by the inert liquid inathe inner and outer pressure equalizing tub-es it 99.
  • Figures 7 and is together disclose a modified form of tripping apparatus for producing breakins of the acid container cover at. Instead of moving the container downwardly mechanically, as described in connection with Figures 1 to Sc, inclusive, it is moved downwardly through electrical mechanisms.
  • the tripping rod or plunger at to which the container 38 is secured is held in elevated position by threading it into a lock ltd (see Figure 7a), which is prevented from moving downwardly under the influence of gravity by lower detents Etta iii? on latches the mounted on pivot pins I06 within a longitudinal slot it! in a trip or lock sleeve 82a secured to the upper cylinder head 8! and into which the trip rod extends.
  • the upper end of the trip sleeve 62a is threaded into a solenoid housing ltd containing a solenoid coil I09.
  • This housing is threaded onto a terminal housing and guide 'plug till, whoseupper end is threaded onto a connecting pin i l I secured to a mandrel 2 having a head I I3 welded on its upper end.
  • the mandrel H2 and its head its form the inner portion of a telescopic jar whose outer portion is constituted by a perforated barrel He, whose lower end is welded to a head 5.
  • the upper end of the perforated barrel i It is threaded on an upper barrel head H6 which is threaded onto a cable head ill, to which the lower end of a wire line conductor cable E is secured in any lmown and suitable manner.
  • This conductor cable serves as the connecting link in moving the entire apparatus from the surface of the well bore, and also as the current carrying medium.
  • a solenoid plunger lit extends upwardly from the lock iil i'into and coaxially of the solenoid coll act.
  • the lower portion lie of this plunger is made or non-magnetic material, such as brass or a synthetic resin, and has a lower cam or nose 02b initially elevated above the lock m4 resting on the latches M55
  • a packing nut 926 is provided in the upper portion of the trip sleeve 62a to hold a rod packing i225 in sealing position against the non-magnetic solenoid plunger portion M9.
  • the rod portions lit, iii against which the rod packlngs i23, 625 seal are preferably equal in area; so -that the hydrostatic pressure of fluid within the well bore acting on the plunger is equalized in both directions.
  • the terminal housing flit is provided with a transverse opening 5225 allowing fluid to act on the upper end or the solenoid plunger.
  • This flexible conductor E132 passes through a packing nut 63b and packing ltd, into and through the mandrel head H3 until it terminates within the connecting pin ii i with its lower terminus i3? engaging a lower trip pin tilt yieldably urged thereagainst by a spring 5539 contained within a conductor cap Mil fastened to an insulating block it! mounted within the terminal housing H0.
  • Current passes from the conductor cap through the binding post the conductor core. back to the source of electrical energy.
  • the electric circuit is closed (e. g., at the well surface) to permit current to pass through the solenoid coil $05.
  • the magnetic solenoid plunger I2I is drawn thereby downwardly within the solenoid coil, and moves the non-magnetic-portlon H8 downwardly to cause its cam I20 to swing the latches I outwardly on their pivots I55 and shift their detents I05a away from the lock I04 to release the rod 55.
  • the plunger II8 engages the cam I with the plunger lock I54 and shifts the plunger rod 55 and acid bottle 48 downwards to break the closure 50 against the point 52 of the spider 58.
  • the conductor cable E may be elevated to raise the outer barrel II4 with respect to the inner mandrel II2.
  • the helical fonn of-the flexible conductor I82 will permit such action to occur through its spring-like distention.
  • the conductor cable may thus be dropped so that the lower barrel head II5 strikes a blow on the connecting pin III, which is transmitted through the terminal housing II5, solenoid housing I08, trip sleeve 52a and cylinder head 8
  • FIG 8 Another device for moving the acid container 48 downwardly to eifectbreaking of its closure 50 is disclosed in Figure 8.
  • the same electrical Jarring apparatus can be used as illustrated in Fi ure 7, the terminal connection disclosed at the top of Figure 8 being substantially the same as that shown at the top of Figure 7a.
  • the container 48 is moved downwardly by explosive forces that are controlled electrically.
  • the plunger or trip rod 50 extending upwardly from the container passes through a lower gun barrel I44 threaded into the upper cylinder head 3
  • a coaxial bore or space I41 is provided at the upper end of the lower gunbarrel I44 in which is slidably received an intermediate enlargement or head I48 on the trip rod 50.
  • a shear pin I49 extends through this head and into the lower gun barrel on opposite sides of its bore I41 to hold the trip rod 50 and the container 48 attached thereto initially in elevated position.
  • the trip rod 50 extends upwardly from this head I48 into the upper gun barrel I45, in effect functioning as a piston on which a powder charge I50 is effective when the explosion occurs. Leakage between the trip rod 50 and upper and lower gun barrels I45, I44 is prevented by a packing I5I in the upper barrel engaging the upper end of the lower barrel I44. As additional assurance against such leakage, thread seals I52 may be provided between the coupling collar I45 and barrels at its opposite ends.
  • the upper gun barrel I45 is threaded onto the lower end of a terminal housing IIOa, which is threaded onto a connecting pin III in the manner described in conjunction with Figures 7 and 7a.
  • Figures 9 to 13, inclusive, disclose the invention in connection with a casing peri'orator F.
  • the piston rod 85a extends directly downwardly from the piston 88 to act upon an elongated actuator I51, and the cylinder 88 is threaded, or otherwise suitably attached, directly to the cylindrical body I58 of the casing perforator.
  • the casing perforator F includes the aforementioned body I58, preferably formed in longitudinal halves I55, I55 Secured together, as by screws I50 or the like, to form the complete rigid body unit.
  • the body is made in halves to facilitate assembly of the parts contained within it. It is formed with a central longitudinal passage I5I in which the actuator I51 is positioned, and also with longitudinally spaced transverse slots I52 intersecting the passage to serve as guides for yoke-like slides I58 whose plunger perforator elements I54 are adapted to extend through openings I55 in the wall of the body I55.
  • the actuator I51 extends through the slides I58 and has a plurality of oppositely facing axial cams I55 thereon possessing downwardly and inwardly inclined tapered surfaces I 51 cooperable with companion tapered surfaces I58 in the slides.
  • a plurality of slides I58 be provided in the body in longitudinally spaced relation, and that a corresponding number of cam elements I55 be provided on the actuator I51.
  • the slides I58 and their plunger perforators I54 extend alternately in opposite directions, being shown in the drawings as four in number, although it is to be understood that one or more of such slides in any reasonable quantity may be employed.
  • a longitudinal recess I59 merging into the iongitudinal body passage I5I extends between the slots I52 below the tapered slide portions I88 to permit the cams I55 on the plunger actuator I51 initially positioned thereabove to pass from one slide into another. for a purpme to be described hereinafter.
  • the actuator I51 is also provided with an additional tapered cam I18 facing in the opposite direction from the cam engaged with the uppermost slide, and this additional cam is adapted to pass through a longitudinal recess I1I extending upwardly from the uppermost transverse slot.
  • the lower portion of the body I58 is suitably tapered to serve as a guide I12 when the tool is run in the well bore, and the passage portion receiving the lower end of the plunger actuator I51 also merges into a recess I18 below the lowerniost slide in line with. its seated cam to pet this com to move down when the actuator is moved downwardly under the influence of the piston 88 and its rod 35m.
  • piston When the slides ltd and plunger perlorators Q66 have all been moved to retracted position, piston will have moved downwardly to sufidcient extent to cause opening of the equalher valve ill through engagement of its stem 33 with the upper end of the body 85%, relievthe pressure in the cylinder by allowing the gases to escape through the open equalizer valve (ill, and through the vent holes 91's in the upper end of the body.
  • These holes d'la are also the means for equalizing the hydrostatic pressure.
  • each plunger perforator is made hollow or formed as an outwardly opening tube 566a providing a chamber i'lt capable of receiving a. sample from the wall of the formation.
  • the tool with the hollow perforators this is run in open hole until the desired sampling point is reached, whereupon actuation of the tool in the :w. as was described in connection ass and sampling tubes idle to move outwardly. forcing the latter into the wall of the bore to wedge samples of the formation into the tubes.
  • Well apparatus including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, fluid actuated means operatively connectedto said well device, said fluid actuated means containing a base metal, a container within said fluid actuated means containing an acid separate from said base metal, means for releasing said acid from said container to enable it to react with said hose metal and produce a gas for actuating said fluid actuated means, and means for substantially equalizing the pressure within said fluid actuated means and container with that xternally thereor while the apparatus is being lowered in said well bore comprising a passage in said container establishing communication between its interior and exterior.
  • Well apparatus including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, fluid actu amd means operatlvely connected to said well device, at least two dissimilar substances within said fluid actuated means capable or reacting chemically to produce a gas, a container in said fluid actuated, means for confining one or said substances free from contact with the other suh stance, means for releasing said one substance from said container to enable it to contact said other substance and chemically react therewith to produce said gas, and means for substantially equalizing the pressure within said fluid actuated means and container with that externally there of while the apparatus is being lowered in said well bore comprising a passage in said, coner establishing communication between its interior and exterior.
  • Well apparatus including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, fluid actuated means operatively connected to said well device, at least two dissimilar substances within said fluid actuated means capable of reacting chemically to produce a gas, a container in said' ies 9 to 13, inclusive. causes the slides I well bore comprising a passage in said container establishing communication between its interior and exterior, and a liquid in said passage for preventing commingling of the fluids internally and externally of said container prior to release of said one substance from said container.
  • Well apparatus including a well device adapted to be operated in a. well bore, fluid actuated means for operating said well device, at least two dissimilar substances within said fluid actuated means capable of reacting chemically with each other to produce a gas for actuating said fluid actuated means, means within said fluid actuated means for retaining one of said substances separate from the other substance, means for releasing said one substance from said retaining means to enable said substances to contact and chemically react to produce said gas, End means for automatically releasing said gas from said fluid actuated means upon completion of the operation of said well device in said well bore.
  • Well apparatus including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, fluid actuated means for operating said well device, at least two dissimilar substances within said fluid actuated means capable of reacting chemically with each other to produce pressure stable gas for actuating said fluid actuated means, means within said fluid actuated means for retaining one of said substances separate from the other substance, means for releasing said one substance from said retaining means to enable said substances to contact and chemically react to produce said pressure stable gas, and one-way valve means in said fluid actuated means for substantially equalizing the pressure within said fluid actuated means with that externally thereof and for automatically releasing said gas from said fluid actuated means upon completion of the operation of said well device in said well bore.
  • Well apparatus including a well device adapted to be operated in a. well bore, fluid actu ated means for operating said well device, at least two dissimilar substances within said fluid actuated means capable of reacting chemically with each other to produce a gas for actuating said fluid actuated means, and valve means operated by movement of said fluid actuated means for releasing said gas from said fluid actuated means.
  • Well apparatus including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, a cylinder and piston for operating said well device, substances within said cylinder capable of reacting chemically with each other to produce a gas for moving said piston in said cylinder, and a valve on said piston operable upon movement of said piston in said cylinder for releasing said gas from said cylinder.
  • Well apparatus including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, a cylinder and piston for operating said well device, substances within said cylinder capable of reacting chemically with each other to produce a gas for moving said piston within said cylinder, and means responsive to movement of said piston to a predetermined position within said cylinder for releasing said gas from said cylinder.
  • Well apparatus including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, a cylinder and piston for operating said well device, sub stances within said cylinder capable of reacting chemically with each other to produce a gas for moving said piston within said cylinder, and a valve on said piston engageable with an end of said cylinder upon movement of said piston therewithin for releasing said gas from said cylinder.
  • Well apparatus including a well packer having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a. well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said packer in said well casing comprising an upwardly movable cylinder and a 7 downwardly movable piston within said cylinder, means within said cylinder above said piston for producing a gas therewithin for moving said piston downwardly within said cylinder, means cooperating with said piston for transmitting its downward movement to said normally retracted means, means including a frangible device for transmitting upward movement and force between said cylinder and body, and valve means operable upon downward movement of said piston within said cylinder for releasing said gas from said cylinder.
  • Well apparatus including a well packer having a. body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said packer in said well casing comprising an upwardly movable cylinder and a downwardly movable piston within said cylinder, means within said cylinder above said piston for producing a gas therewithin for moving said piston downwardly within said cylinder, means cooperating with said piston for transmitting its downward movement and force to said normally retracted means, means including a frangible device for transmitting upward movement and force between said cylinder and body, and an upwardly opening one-way valve on said piston for substantially equalizing the hydrostatic pres sure internally and externally of said cylinder while said apparatus is being lowered through flllld in said well casing, said one-way valve engaging said cylinder upon downward movement of sai piston to cause its opening and release of V said gas from said cylinder.
  • Well apparatus including a well packer having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said packer in said well casing comprising an upwardly movable cylinder and a downwardly movable piston within said cylinder, means within said cylinder above said piston for producing a gas therewithin for moving said piston downwardly within said cylinder, means cooperating with said piston for transmitting its downward movement and force to said normally retracted means, means including a. frangible device for transmitting upward movement and force between said cylinder and body, and a valve onsaid piston engageable with said cylinder upon downward movement of said piston therewithin for releasing said gas from said cylinder, said valve engaging said cylinder after disruption of said frangible device.
  • Well apparatus including a well packer having a body and slips for anchoring said body in a well bore, fluid actuated means for setting Said packer in said well bore comprising a, piston for exerting a downward force on said slips and a cylinder for exerting an upward force on said body, means within said fluid actuated means for producing a gas therewithin at a pressure that is sufliciently high to cause said fluid actuated means to set said packer, frangible means for transmitting said upward force between said cylinder and body, said frangible means being disruptable upon application of a predetermined setting force on said body by said cylinder to automatically disconnect said fluid actuated means therefrom, and valve means responsive to relative movement between said cylinder and piston for releasing said gas from said fluid actuated means after disruption of said frangible means.
  • Well apparatus including a well device having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well casing comprising a, piston for exerting a downward force on said normally retracted means and a cylinder for exerting an upward force on said body, means within said cylinder for producing a gas therewithin at a pressure that is sufllciently high to caus said fluid actuated means to set said device, releasable means for transmitting said upward force between said cylinder and body, said releasable means automatically disconnecting said cylinder from said body upon application of a predetermined setting force by said cylinder on said body, and means controlled by movement of said. piston within said cylinder for releasing said gas from said cylinder after said automatic disconnection of said releasable means.
  • Well apparatus including a well device having a body and slips for anchoring said body in a well bore, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well bore comprising a piston for exerting a downward force on said slips and a cylinder for exerting an upward force on said body, means within said fluid actuated means for producing a gas therewithin at a pressure that is sufllciently high to cause said fluid actuated means to set said device, and releasable means for transmitting said upward force between said cylinder and body, whereby said fluid actuated means may be disconnected from said body after setting of said device.
  • Well apparatus including a well device having a body and slips for anchoring said body in a well bore, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well bore comprising a piston for exerting a downward force on said slips and a cylinder for exerting an upward force on said body, means within said fluid actuated means for producing a gas therewithin at a pressure that is sufficiently high to cause said fluid actuated means to set said device, and frangible means for transmitting said upward force between said cylinder and body, said frangible means beingdisruptable upon application of a predetermined setting force on said body to automatically disconnect said fluid actuated means therefrom.
  • Well apparatus including swell device having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well casing comprising a piston for exertins a downward force on said normally retracted means and-a cylinder for exertingupward force on said body,
  • Well apparatus including a well device having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well casing comprising a piston for exerting a downward force on said normally retracted means and a cylinder for exerting upward force on said body, frangible means for transmitting said upward force between said cylinder and body, means within said cylinder for producing a gas therewithin at a pressure sufllciently high to cause said cylinder and piston to set said device in said casing and to disrupt said frangible means, and a.
  • Well apparatus including a well device having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well casing comprising an upwardly movable cylinder and a downwardly movable piston within said cylinder, means within said cylinder above said piston for producing a gas therewithin for forcing and moving said piston downwardly within said cylinder, means cooperating with said piston for transmitting its downward movement and force to said normally retracted means, and means including a frangible device for transmitting upward movement and force between said cylinder and body.
  • Well apparatus including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, fluid actuated means for operating said well device, at least two dissimilar substances within said fluid actuated means capable of reacting chemically with one another to produce a gas, a container movably mounted in said fluid actuated means for confining one of said substances free from contact with the other substance, means within said fluid actuated means for rupturing said container to allow contact between said substances and their chemical reaction with one another to produce said gas, and means for moving said container to force it against said rupturing means to release said one substance from said container.
  • Well apparatus including a well device having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well casinz comprising an upwardly movable cylinder and a downwardly movable piston within said cylinder, means within said cylinder above said piston for producing a gas therewithin for moving said piston downwardly within said cylinder, means co-,

Description

A rifi 3, N45. R. c. BAKER MEANS FOR OPERATING WELL APPARATUS 6 Sheets-Sheet .1
Filed Dec.
L m E W a a w m w WM ggvvvvvv 1 5 A E m a a A w E E m April 3, 11945. R, c BAKER- 237mm MEANS FOR OPERATING WELL APPARATUS ATTORNEY.
April 3, 31945- R. c. BAKER 2,373,06
MEANS FOR OPERATING WELL APPARATUS Filed Dec. 15, 1942 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. KEY/551v 6 BAKER,
BY 9 m ATTORNEY.
R. C. BAKER MEANS FOR OPERATING WELL APPARATUS April 3, 1945.
Filed Dec. 15, 1942 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 51 INVENTOR.
fie-ues/v CI. 514/6578,
ATTORNEY.
April 1945. R. c. BAKER 1 2,373,006
MEANS FOR OPERATING WELL APPARATUS 7 INVENTOR' E5055 CZ, BAKE/Q,
ATTOIQQNEY.
?aiented Apr, 3,
2mm MEANS son cram-rind WELL APPARATUS Application December 15, 1942, Serial No. 89,085
22 Wis The present invention relates to means for 0D- erating well apparatus, and is particularly concorned with operations conducted in bore holes, such as oil, gas and similar wells. Various types of apparatus are lowered in a well bore on a running-in string, such as a wire line, to a predetermined point where the aptus is to be operated. The operation of the particular equipment may be sudden and violent, as when the device is actuated ex- Dlosively, or requires the application of a strain on the running-in string to efiect its full periormance in the well bore. In the case of well packers, especially those lowered through the well bore on the end of a wire line, large strains are placed on the wire line to set the acker fully. Attempts at avoiding such strains have resulted in incomplete and insecure setting of the packers, as when reliance is made on the well pressures to fully set the packers and retain them in such set positions. In any event, the setting action is sudden and violent, and offers many disadvantages usually associated with the rapid movement of mechanical elements.
It is an object or the present invention to overcome the aforementioned dimculties =by providing means for operating well apparatus by fluid pressure forces that are gradually generated when desired at the location of the apparatus in the well bore.
Another object of the invention is to provide improved means for operating well apparatus adapted to be lowered in a well bore on a running-in string, in which full and complete operation of the apparatus requires or 'nnposes substantially no strain or strains on the running-in string.
Still a further object of the invention is to provide an improved apparatus capable of firmly and securely setting a well packer, such as a bridge plug, in a well bore or casing with a predetermined maximum setting force and without imposing strains on the wire line by which such apparatus and plug are usually run in the well bore. As a further aspect of this objective, the maximum setting force is created and approached gradually, rather than suddenly, and is controlled to release the setting apparatus automatically from the bridge plug, so as to permit its removal from the well bore.
The invention contemplates the gradual generation of fluid pressure from chemical reaction between two or more substances which are prevented from contacting one another until such time as it is desired to operate the particular apparatus being employed in the well bore. such fluid pressure is created at the location of the apparatus in the well bore, and furnishes a source of energy which is gradually built up and gradually applied to the device employed in the well bore.
The fluid pressure may be created through the reaction or an acid material and, a base metal, or througlfithe reaction of an acid material and the carbonate or bicarbonate salt of a base metal, or combinations thereof, or through the chemical reaction between any substances capable of producing a pressure stable gas. By a pressure stable gas is meant a gas which is not decom posed by the application of pressure alone. Any chemically reactive substances may be used to build up either gaseous or liquid fluid pressure, so long as the substances are initially kept from one another, being permitted to contact and chemically react whenever the pressure is to be generated. Specific examples of chemically reactive substances capable of achieving applicant's objectives are set forth later in this specificatlon.
This invention has other objects that will become apparent from a consideration or the embodiments shown in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification. These embodiments will now be described in detail, to illustrate the principles of the invention, but it is to be understood that such detailed de- 'scriptlon is not to be taken in a limited sense,
since the scope of the invention is best defined by the claims appended hereto.
Referring to the drawings:
Figure l is an elevational view of one form of apparatus within a 'well bore;
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section disclosing the upper part of the'apparatus shown in Figure 1;
Figur 2a is a longitudinal section illustrating the intermediate part of the apparatus disclosed in Figure 1;
Figure 2b is a longitudinal section disclosing the lower part of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a cross section taken along the line 3-3 in Figure 2;
Figure 7 i a longitudinal section or the upperportion of a modified form of tripping device employable in connection with well apparatus, such as that disclosed in Figure 1;
Figure 7a is a longitudinal section of the lower portion of a tripping device, forming a lower continuation of Figure 7;
Figure 8 is a longitudinal section through still another embodiment of the tripping device employable in connection with well apparatus, such as that disclosed in Figure 1.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal se-tion through another embodiment of the invention;
Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 9, illustrating the apparatus with its parts in another operative position;
Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure 9, disclosing the apparatus with its parts in still another operative position;
Figure 12 is a cross section taken along the line I2H! in Figure 9;
Figure 13 is a cross section taken along the line l3l3 in Figure 9; and
Figure 14 is a partial section of a modification of the apparatus shown in Figures 9, 10 and 11.
The form of the invention disclosed in Figures 1 to Go, inclusive, has been devised particularly as a wire line bridge plug apparatus. In general, such apparatus includes an upper tripping device A, an intermediate setting device B, and a lower packer or bridge plug C connected to the lower end of the setting device. The packer is to be anchored in packed-of! condition within a well casing D through which the entire apparatus can be lowered on the end of a wire or other flexible line E.
The particular bridge plug illustrated in the drawings (see Figures 2b and 6a) is of a known design and is specifically described in each of several United States patents, such as Nos. 2,121,051 and 2,204,648. Essentially it consists of a tubular body llihaving a guide I I threaded on an abutment l2 at its lower end and a plug 13 screwed into its central passage I to prevent fluid flow therethrough in both directions. A packing sleeve I is disposed around the body, and is coupled at its ends to upper and lower tapered expanders I8, I! slidably mounted on the body l0. These expanders are initially secured to the body by sheer screws l8, I! so as to hold the packing sleeve I! in retracted position. A set of upper segmental slips is disposed around the body and is initially secured to the upper expander or cone It by shear screws 2|, while a lower set of segmental slips 22 is disposed around the body I0 and is secured to the lower expander I! by shear screws 23. The upper slips 20 are cooperable with the upper expander I6 and engageabie with the casing to prevent upward movement of the packer, while the lower slips 22 are cooperable with their expander 11 and engageable with the casing wall to prevent downward movement of the packer, as shown in Figure 6a.
The setting tool B otthe apparatus is secured to the bridge plug C in such manner that the setting force generated by the chemical reaction between substances contained within the setting tool is transmitted to the bridge plug to anchor it firmlyand securely in the well casing. As disclosed in the drawings. a sleeve 24 is threaded in the upper end of the packer body I3 and receives a shear plug 23 which is secured to the sleeve by a shear pin 28 extending through both the sleeve and plug. A generally tubular actuating mandrel 21 is threadedly attached to the shear plug and is provided with longitudinally extending slots 23. The upper end or this wardly into the bore 33 of the actuating mandrel 21, where it receives an anvil or cross piece 31 in a slot 33 at its lower end which extends in opposite directions through the longitudinal slots 23 in the mandrel and into adjacent radial slots '39 provided in a setting ring 43 slidable on the mandrel 21, to which is threadedly attached a slip setting sleeve or skirt ll extending downwardly for engagement with the upper set of packer slips 23. Disassembly of the anvil 31 from the piston rod 3| is prevented by a pin 42. Similarly, pins 43 extending through the setting ring 40 and anvil 31 prevent their disassembly, while removal or loss of these latter pins 43 is prevented by the fact that the holes 44 in the setting ring through which they extend are en compassed by the upper portion 45 of the setting sleeve 4| Pressure can be created at the high pressure or upper end of the piston 33 and cylinder 33 through the chemical reaction between suitable substances. As disclosed in the drawings, one of the substances 4. may be contained in the cylinder immediately above the piston, and the other substance 41 can be initially retained in a container 43 so that it is kept tree from contact with the other reacting substance until such time as fluid pressure within the cylinder is to be generated. For convenience of description, specific reference will be made at this time to certain chemical compounds and elements that have actually been employed to create the desired pressures, but it is to be understood that many other operable substances may similarly be employed in their place.
Zinc shavings 43 are placed in the cylinder 33 in loose fashion on top of the piston 33, or they may be contained loosely for convenience in a perforated basket 43, which is lowered into the cylinder and rests upon the piston. The upper container 43 is filled completely with hydrochloric acid 41 which is held therewithin and prevented i'rom commingling with the zinc shavings 43 by closing the lower end of the container with a destructible glass or other closure II secured to the lower end of the container by a clamp ring 5|. When commingling between the hydrochloric acid and zinc shavings is desired, the bottom closure of the container 43 is destroyed in any suitable manner, as by lowering the container and forcing the closure onto a point 82 forming the hub of a spider like ring 33 seating on an internal shoulder 54 in the cylinder. Upon breaking the closure, the hydrochloric acid in the container 43 flows over and reacts with the zinc shavings to produce hydrogen gas. The proportions and quantities of zinc shavings and bydrochloric acid are such that a comparatively high unit pressure can be generated or developed, of more than suiilcient extent to set the packer C in the well casing D.
As the pressure increases, due to the increased evolution of hydrogen gas. the piston 33 and its connected rod 35 are forced downwardly within the This rod 80 extends upwardly through the upper cylinder 80 to move the anvil or cross piece 31 downwardly within the slotted actuating mandrel 2i, and correspondingly ,move the setting ring 80 and setting sleeve or skirt 4i against the upper set of slips 2d. The pressure is also acting upwardly on the cylinder head 3i and cylinder at, which is connected through the actuating mandrel 2i, shear plug 26. shear pin 28, and shear sleeve 28 to the packer body it. As a result, the fluid pressure being generated in the cylinder is causing the piston 33 toexert a downward force on the upper set of slips 20, through the setting sleeve ti, and an upward force on the packer body it, through the cylinder 30, mandrel 2i, and parts 25, 2B, 26 connecting the mandrel to the body it.
When the pressure increases sufiiciently to shear the screws 25 securing the upper slips 20 to the upper expander it, these upper slips 2d are moved downwardly on this expander and outwardly into engagement with the casing. As the pressure increases further, the shear screws i8 holding the upper expander it to the body are disrupted, since the upper conical expander is prevented from moving upwardly by its associated casing engaging slips 2d, and the packing i is shortened and compressed between the cones 0.8, ill for expansion outwardly into sealing engagement with the wall of the casing. Further increase in the fluid pressure in the cylinder resulting from the reaction between the hydrochloric acid and zinc shavings shears the screws it. holding the lower expander W to the body it and the screws 23 holding the lower slips 22 to the lower expander, causing the abutment H2 at the lower end of the body to move the lower slips 22 upwardly along its cooperable expander ii and outwardly into anchoring engagem'nt with the casing. The packer or bridge plug C is now firmly and securely anchored in packed ofi I condition within the well casing, and will be retained insuch condition by the locking of a split ratchet ring 55 within the upper cone it with circumferential ratchet teeth Ed on the exterior of the body M3. (See Figure 6a.)
-High pressures can 'be' generated within' the cylinder id, such pressures preferably being higher than those actually necrssary to set the packer C firmly and securely in the casing D. It is preferred, however, to limit the maximum setting pressure and also to disconnect the setting device B automatically from the well packer after it has been anchored within the casing, so as to permit withdrawal of the entire mechanism above the packer from the well bore. For this reason. the shear plug 25 formin the lower end of the setting device is connected to the shear sleeve or sub 26 through the shear pin it. This pin 26 has a predetermined shear value, and when the pressure increases sufficiently in the cylinder. the upward force exerted on the cylinder iii. actuating mandrel 2i, and shear plug 2'5 shears the pin 25 and automatically disconnects the shear plug 25 from the sub 26. As can be seen from the drawings. the entire mechanism A. B will then be disconnected from the packer.
As disclosed in the drawings, the acid container it is initially held in elevated position within the cylinder a short distance above the c osure breaker 52, 53 by suspending it from a releasing mechanism 37. A central plug device 58 is threaded into the upper end of the container at.
Y which E, in turn, secured to a head 5% threaded on a lower plunger or rod dd-by acoupling pin 8!.
cylinder head 3i and into a trip or lock sleeve 62 threaded into the cylinder head. Leakage in both directions between the rod and cylinder head 3! is prevented by the'opposed rod packings 63. The lower rod 80 is threadedly secured to a larger trip rod 64 having a longitudinal slot 65 therethrough.
A pair of latches 66 is mounted in-the slot 65 on a pivot pin 61 secured to the upper rod 64 and extending across its'slot. These latches 66 project in opposite directions and have detents 88 formed on their foot portions engageable with the lower ends of opposed longitudinal slots 89 in the lock sleeve 62, to prevent downward movement of the trip rod 64, the lower rod 60, and the container 48 attached thereto. The latches 6B are also provided with oppositely directed arms ill, H
slots 69. Each latch has a light arm H projecting upwardly, which is held in this position with the detent 68 locked against the lower end of the slot 69 by an opposite heavy arm ill on the latch.
As additional assurance that the detents will not be moved inadvertently from their locked position, the latches may be secured together by a shear screw E2. The latching device just de scribed is claimed in my application for Trip device for well apparatus, Serial No. 411,801, filed September 22, 1941, now Patent No. 2.330258, granted September 28, 1943.
A perforated barrel 13 forming part of a. telescopic jarring mechanism is secured, as by welding, to a connecting pin i l that is threaded into the trip sleeve 62. A head 15 is threaded on the upper end of this barrel. The inner part oft the telescopic jar consists of an inner mandrel it having a lower mandrel head 11 adapted to engage the upper barrel head it when the telescopic jar is activatsdupwardly to deliver a blow to the barrel i3, and through the connecting pin M to the lower members of the apparatus. The threading of a sinker bar It of snflicient weight on the upper end of the mandrel it permits downward jarring to take place through its ability to contact and deliver a blow downwardly on the barrel head 75 and barrel E3.
The upper end of the sinker bar it is threaded into, a pin joint 19 that is also threaded in a socket 8d adapted to receive and be secured to the lower end of the wire line E in any suitable manner. As shown=in the drawings, such connection is efiected'by providing segmental slips ti having outer tapered surfaces 82 and inner wicker-ed surfaces 83 adapted to grip the wire line E. The outer tapered surfaces 82 are cooperable with a companion tapered surface 86 inthe socket body 86 into which the pin joint 19 is threaded. The upper end 8% of the pin joint engages the slips 86 to force them towards the convergent end of the body taper t6 and radially inwardly into gripping engagement with the wire line E. Through the wire line E, and its connection to the socket 8d, the entire mechanismencompassing rings as suitably attached to the collars, as by screws 88.
In lowering the apparatus through a well casing to the desired setting point, the friction of the springs 88 against the casing causes the actuator 88a to remain in elevated position on the barrel I8 of the jarring mechanism (see Figure 2). However, upon reaching the region in which the bridge plug or packer C is to be set, the wire line E is elevated a sufllcient distance to elevate the entire mechanism, with the exception of the friction actuator, which tends to remain stationary because, of the frictional resistance that the springs 88 offer against the wall of the casing C. Elevation of the entire mechanism sufllciently causes the lower friction collar 88 to engage the light arms 1| of the latches 88 and swing them on their pivot 81 to remove the detents 88 from the lower ends of the trip sleeve slots 88. If a shear screw 12 is employed between the latches, it is first disrupted and the latches then swung on their pivot pin 81 in the manner described. Further elevation of the wire line E and the mechanism secured thereto causes the friction device 88a to force the latches 86 and their connected rods 84, 88 and container 48 downwardly so as to press the closure 88 against the breaker point 52 and produce its destruction, thereby enabling the acid 41 in the container to commingle with the zinc shavings 48, in the manner aforementioned. Upon suflicient pressure being generated in the cylinder, the packer is fully set, as described above, the maximum setting force being determined by disruption of the shear pin 28, which automatitically disconnects the tripping and setting mechanism from the bridge plug and allows their withdrawalfrom the well bore.
In the event that sufficient pressure is not generated in the cylinder 38 to effect disruption of the shear pin 28, and consequent disconnection of the tripping and setting device A, B from the bridge plug C, the telescopic jar can be manipulated to deliver a blow, either downwardly through the falling action of the sinker bar 18 on the barrel head 15, or upwardly through engagement of the mandrel head 11 with the barrel head I8, which blow is directed through the barrel 18, connecting pin 14, tripping sleeve 82, upper cylinder head 8|, cylinder 88, lower cylinder head 28, actuating mandrel 21, and shear plug 25 to the shear pin 28. Blows of sufficient force can be imparted to the apparatus to disrupt this shear pin should its disruption by fluid pressure be unobtainable. It is to be understood that ordinarily the fluid pressure generated is of sufllcient degree to disrupt the pin 28, the jarring mechanism being provided solely as a precautionary measure.
It is preferred to exclude air from the cylinder 88 and container 48, and also to equalize the hydrostatic pressure within the cylinder and container with that externally of the device as the tool is being lowered through any fluid that might be present in a well bore.
Air may be excluded by completely filling the container 48 with acid, and by filling the voids between the zinc shavings and the remainder of the space in the cylinder around the container with a liquid that does not react with the zinc shavings.
The hydrostatic pressure may be balanced by providing an equalizing valve 8I in the piston 88, consisting of a valve seat 82 at the upper high pressure end of the piston adapted to be engaged by a valve head 88 having a spring retainer 84 threaded on its stem 88 against which a spring 88 bears in order to tend to hold the valve downwardly in closed position. As the apparatus is lowered in the well bore, the hydrostatic fluid head or pressure therein may exert itself on the fluid within the cylinder 88 by the passage of fluid through the vent hole 81 in the lower cylinder head 28 to the low pressure end of the cylinder, from where the fluid can open the one way equalizing valve 8| against the resistance of its spring 88 and pass into the cylinder.
The hydrostatic pressure is also equalized by being imposed upon the acid 41 within the container 48. The plug device 88 at the upper end of the container is made generally in two parts. namely, an outer plug 88 threaded into the upper end of the container 48 having 0. depending tube 88 closed at its lower end, and an inner plug I88 secured to the lower trip rod 88, which is threaded into the outer plug 88 and has a depending equalizer tube I8I extending into the outer tube 88. The inner tube l8l communicates with the cylinder externally oi the container 48 by virture of the clearance space I82 between the rod head 88 and inner plug I88, while the outer tube 88 is in communication with the inner tube at its lower end and also with the interior of the container 48 through a vent I88 near its upper end. There is thus provided a tortuous path between the interior and the elite-- rior of the container through which the pressure externally of the container is equalized internally thereof by being exerted through fluid in the clearance space I82, the inner tube III, the annular space between the inner tube III and outer tube 88, and the vent I88, to' the fluid within the container. Contamination or commingling between the fluid externally of the container and the acid therewithin prior to breaking of the cover 88 is prevented by filling the inner and outer tubes |8I 88 with some dormant liquid, such as lubricating oil. This 011 functions to transmit pressure through the tortuous path,
. but will not be displaced from its position within the tubes.
Not only does the valve 8| in the piston 88 function to equalize the pressure internally of the cylinder and its associated elements with the hydrostatic head externally thereof, but it also functions as a relief valve upon disruption of the shear pin 28 securing the shear plug 28 to the packer C. When this shear pin breaks under the action of the fluid pressure within the cylin der, the piston 88 is free to move downwardly to its fullest extent, which is determined through engagement of the piston with the upper annular portion of the lower cylinder head 28. However, before such engagement occurs, the valve spring retainer 84 engages the upper end of the actuating mandrel 21 and lower head 28 to open the valve against the action of its spring 88 and permit the pressure within the cylinder 88 to be dissipated through the valve 8| and vent hole 81 into the well bore. When the tripping and setting portions A, B of the apparatus are removed to the surface of the hole, such pressure will be substantially atmospheric and thereby permit he tool to be disassembled with safety.
The substances employed in the cylinder 88 and container 48 may be suitably chmen and used in various proportions. In one actual use of the device shown in the drawings, about forty ounces of zinc shavings were provided in the cylinder, and this was caused to react with about one galaaraocc ion of approidmately 35% hydrochloric acid placed in the container. The voids between the mic shavings and the remaining space in the cylinder could have been filled with water, but greater finalv pressures were developedwhen the remaining fluid consisted of a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate. In the device actually constructed and used, about one gallon of a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate was sumcient to completely fill the remaining spaces in the cylinder, so as to exclude all air.
When the closure lit on the container is was broken, hydrochloric acid reacted with the zinc shavings, and apparently also with the sodium bicarbonate, to generate hydrogen gas essentially. and also some carbon dioxide. The shear screw was of such dimensions and of such material as to break when about 2000 p. s. i. pressure was generated within the cylinder 3d. The piston 33 possessed an area of about 15 square inches, so that the final setting force on the bridge plug C was a total of 30,800 pounds. Actually, the pressure potential within the cylinder was much greater, but the maximum pressure reached was coco p. s. 1., as determined by shearing f the pin 23, which permitted the piston 33 to move downwardly to its fullest extent and caused the relief valve ill to open. as was stated above, the final pressure that can be generated is dependent upon the materials used and their relative pro portions.
In the actual case given above, complete setting of the packer C and disruption of the shear pin occurred in about ten minutes with a surrounding temperature ci about 75 F. Higher well temperatures would have accelerated the reaction and would also increase the maximum pressure obtainable with agiven quantity of zinc, hydrochloric acid, and sodium bicarbonate.
Further examples of substances employable in the cylinder Sll are the reacting of aluminum, iron, cadmium, mercury, magnesium, calcium, sodium, or potassium, etc., with a suitable inorganic or organic acid, such as hydrochloric, sulphuric, nitric, acetic, citric, etc. It is, of course, also possible to react aluminum with sodium hydroxide and water, and sodium or potassium with water. Various filling solutions can be used to fill. the spaces remaining in the cylinder after placement of the reacting substance therein, in addition to water or a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate, so long as such filling solution does not react with the base metal inserted at the top or the piston. This filling solution may or may not react with the acid, as desired, although it is preferred that it do so whenever it assist in producing the desired fluid pres sure, Premature reaction of an active filling solution with the acid will not occur, since comingling of the acid in the container and the fluid externally thereof is prevented by the inert liquid inathe inner and outer pressure equalizing tub-es it 99.
Figures 7 and is together disclose a modified form of tripping apparatus for producing breakins of the acid container cover at. Instead of moving the container downwardly mechanically, as described in connection with Figures 1 to Sc, inclusive, it is moved downwardly through electrical mechanisms.
The tripping rod or plunger at to which the container 38 is secured is held in elevated position by threading it into a lock ltd (see Figure 7a), which is prevented from moving downwardly under the influence of gravity by lower detents Etta iii? on latches the mounted on pivot pins I06 within a longitudinal slot it! in a trip or lock sleeve 82a secured to the upper cylinder head 8! and into which the trip rod extends. The upper end of the trip sleeve 62a is threaded into a solenoid housing ltd containing a solenoid coil I09. The upper end oi this housing is threaded onto a terminal housing and guide 'plug till, whoseupper end is threaded onto a connecting pin i l I secured to a mandrel 2 having a head I I3 welded on its upper end.
The mandrel H2 and its head its form the inner portion of a telescopic jar whose outer portion is constituted by a perforated barrel He, whose lower end is welded to a head 5. The upper end of the perforated barrel i It is threaded on an upper barrel head H6 which is threaded onto a cable head ill, to which the lower end of a wire line conductor cable E is secured in any lmown and suitable manner. This conductor cable serves as the connecting link in moving the entire apparatus from the surface of the well bore, and also as the current carrying medium.
A solenoid plunger lit extends upwardly from the lock iil i'into and coaxially of the solenoid coll act. The lower portion lie of this plunger is made or non-magnetic material, such as brass or a synthetic resin, and has a lower cam or nose 02b initially elevated above the lock m4 resting on the latches M55 The lower plunger lid is threaded into an upper magnetic plunger portion 820 that passes into the terminal housing lid where a psacking nut it? holds a rod packing 923 in leak-=prooi relation against it. Similarly, a packing nut 926 is provided in the upper portion of the trip sleeve 62a to hold a rod packing i225 in sealing position against the non-magnetic solenoid plunger portion M9. The rod portions lit, iii against which the rod packlngs i23, 625 seal are preferably equal in area; so -that the hydrostatic pressure of fluid within the well bore acting on the plunger is equalized in both directions. To permit pressure equalization, the terminal housing flit is provided with a transverse opening 5225 allowing fluid to act on the upper end or the solenoid plunger.
Current is transmitted from the conductive core of the conductor cable E to the solenoid coil its through several conductive elements connected in series. Thus, the conductor cable terminal ill engages a trip terminal G28 urged against it by a spring Q29 contained within a cap iSt, preierably made of insulating material, which rests upon an insulating block ltli. The current passes from the trip terminal we to the upper end or the insulated conductor ibi, that passes through a packing H33 and packing nut ltd at the lower end of the upper barrel head lit into the barrel lid, where it is coiled helically to provide a flexible or springdike conductor. This flexible conductor E132 passes through a packing nut 63b and packing ltd, into and through the mandrel head H3 until it terminates within the connecting pin ii i with its lower terminus i3? engaging a lower trip pin tilt yieldably urged thereagainst by a spring 5539 contained within a conductor cap Mil fastened to an insulating block it! mounted within the terminal housing H0. Current passes from the conductor cap through the binding post the conductor core. back to the source of electrical energy.
When it is desired to shift the acid container 58 downwardly to break its closure 50 and create pressure within the oylinder 80, the electric circuit is closed (e. g., at the well surface) to permit current to pass through the solenoid coil $05. The magnetic solenoid plunger I2I is drawn thereby downwardly within the solenoid coil, and moves the non-magnetic-portlon H8 downwardly to cause its cam I20 to swing the latches I outwardly on their pivots I55 and shift their detents I05a away from the lock I04 to release the rod 55. Continued downward movement of the plunger II8 then engages the cam I with the plunger lock I54 and shifts the plunger rod 55 and acid bottle 48 downwards to break the closure 50 against the point 52 of the spider 58.
Should it be necessary to perform a jarring action on the cylinder 80 and the parts rigidly attached thereto to break the frangible pin 25, the conductor cable E may be elevated to raise the outer barrel II4 with respect to the inner mandrel II2. The helical fonn of-the flexible conductor I82 will permit such action to occur through its spring-like distention. The conductor cable may thus be dropped so that the lower barrel head II5 strikes a blow on the connecting pin III, which is transmitted through the terminal housing II5, solenoid housing I08, trip sleeve 52a and cylinder head 8| to the cylinder 30, from where the force of the blow travels through the actuating mandrel 21 and shear plug 25 to the shear pin 25. Repeated blows may be thus struck until the shear pin 25 is broken.
Another device for moving the acid container 48 downwardly to eifectbreaking of its closure 50 is disclosed in Figure 8. The same electrical Jarring apparatus can be used as illustrated in Fi ure 7, the terminal connection disclosed at the top of Figure 8 being substantially the same as that shown at the top of Figure 7a.
The container 48 is moved downwardly by explosive forces that are controlled electrically. The plunger or trip rod 50 extending upwardly from the container passes through a lower gun barrel I44 threaded into the upper cylinder head 3|, which is secured to an upper gun barrel I45 through an intermediate threaded coupling I45. A coaxial bore or space I41 is provided at the upper end of the lower gunbarrel I44 in which is slidably received an intermediate enlargement or head I48 on the trip rod 50. A shear pin I49 extends through this head and into the lower gun barrel on opposite sides of its bore I41 to hold the trip rod 50 and the container 48 attached thereto initially in elevated position.
The trip rod 50 extends upwardly from this head I48 into the upper gun barrel I45, in effect functioning as a piston on which a powder charge I50 is effective when the explosion occurs. Leakage between the trip rod 50 and upper and lower gun barrels I45, I44 is prevented by a packing I5I in the upper barrel engaging the upper end of the lower barrel I44. As additional assurance against such leakage, thread seals I52 may be provided between the coupling collar I45 and barrels at its opposite ends. The upper gun barrel I45 is threaded onto the lower end of a terminal housing IIOa, which is threaded onto a connecting pin III in the manner described in conjunction with Figures 7 and 7a.
Current is conducted from the lower trip terminal I38 through a lead I53 extending through the lower end of the terminal housing I l0a, where it contacts an electric detonator I54 held in contact therewith by a coil spring I55. This electric detonator contains a small powder charge and a filament (not shown). Positioned below the detonator I54 and above the piston end of the trip rod is thepowder charge I50. contained within the upper gun barrel chamber I55.
When it is desired to break the closure 50 oi the acid container 45, the circuit through the electric detonator I54 is completed and the resulting detonation sets off the powder charge I50. Gases are generated by the explosion at sufiicient pressure to shear the pin I45 and move the trip rod 50 downwardly, thereby forcing the container 48 in the same direction and breaking the closure 50 on the spider point 52. Commingling of the acid and the other substances in the cylinder causes the chemical reaction to take place, and' the generation of gas at sufflcient pressure in the cylinder to set the bridge plug C, or any other apparatus employed in its place.
Figures 9 to 13, inclusive, disclose the invention in connection with a casing peri'orator F. In this embodiment the piston rod 85a extends directly downwardly from the piston 88 to act upon an elongated actuator I51, and the cylinder 88 is threaded, or otherwise suitably attached, directly to the cylindrical body I58 of the casing perforator.
The casing perforator F includes the aforementioned body I58, preferably formed in longitudinal halves I55, I55 Secured together, as by screws I50 or the like, to form the complete rigid body unit. The body is made in halves to facilitate assembly of the parts contained within it. It is formed with a central longitudinal passage I5I in which the actuator I51 is positioned, and also with longitudinally spaced transverse slots I52 intersecting the passage to serve as guides for yoke-like slides I58 whose plunger perforator elements I54 are adapted to extend through openings I55 in the wall of the body I55. The actuator I51 extends through the slides I58 and has a plurality of oppositely facing axial cams I55 thereon possessing downwardly and inwardly inclined tapered surfaces I 51 cooperable with companion tapered surfaces I58 in the slides.
It is preferred that a plurality of slides I58 be provided in the body in longitudinally spaced relation, and that a corresponding number of cam elements I55 be provided on the actuator I51. The slides I58 and their plunger perforators I54 extend alternately in opposite directions, being shown in the drawings as four in number, although it is to be understood that one or more of such slides in any reasonable quantity may be employed.
A longitudinal recess I59 merging into the iongitudinal body passage I5I extends between the slots I52 below the tapered slide portions I88 to permit the cams I55 on the plunger actuator I51 initially positioned thereabove to pass from one slide into another. for a purpme to be described hereinafter. The actuator I51 is also provided with an additional tapered cam I18 facing in the opposite direction from the cam engaged with the uppermost slide, and this additional cam is adapted to pass through a longitudinal recess I1I extending upwardly from the uppermost transverse slot.
The lower portion of the body I58 is suitably tapered to serve as a guide I12 when the tool is run in the well bore, and the passage portion receiving the lower end of the plunger actuator I51 also merges into a recess I18 below the lowerniost slide in line with. its seated cam to pet this com to move down when the actuator is moved downwardly under the influence of the piston 88 and its rod 35m.
The tool with the zinc shavings it and acid dl is run in the well casing in the same manner as was described in connection with Figures 1 to s, inclusive, until the desired position is reached in which holes or perforations are to be punched through the casing well. All of the slides 853 are in their retracted position, as disclosed in Figure 9, and the elongated actuator ltl is held in its uppermost position by suitable means, such as a shear screw lll extending through the body into the plunger actuator, in. order to hold the cams ltd fully engaged with the corresponding tapered slide surfaces its. when it is desired to perforate the casing, the acid is allowed to coingle with the zinc, as previously described, and the resultant gaseous pressure exerts downward force on the piston 83, producing shear- 1 ing of the screw lid and downward motion of the actuator ldl. Such downward movement of the latter member causes its cam elements ltd to force the slides I53 laterally outwardly and their associated plunger perforators ltd against and through the wall of the casing, as disclosed in Figure 10.
Gontinued downward movement of the piston 38 and actuator lli'l eventually removes the cams 685 from the cooperable tapered surfaces 368 of the slid s and shifts themthrough the longitildinal recesses 989 into engagement with the rears llii of the lower slides. The tapered surfaces it'll on such cams retract these slides not as the actuator Nil continues to move downwardly, as disclosed in Figure 11, efiecting complete withdrawal of the plunger perforators led from the casing and back into the body 858 of the tool, thereby permitting removal of the entire apparatus from the well casing.
It should he noted that the uppermost cam lid efiects retraction of the slide and perforator element immediately therehelow, and that the cam ltt which forced the uppermost periorator i643 outwardly is effective to retract the perlorator immediately therebelow, and that the which moved this latter periorator ont wardly is effective to retract the third perlorator immediately 'celow it, and so on, all of the per- :Eorators being removed simultaneously to re tracts-d position.
When the slides ltd and plunger perlorators Q66 have all been moved to retracted position, piston will have moved downwardly to sufidcient extent to cause opening of the equalher valve ill through engagement of its stem 33 with the upper end of the body 85%, relievthe pressure in the cylinder by allowing the gases to escape through the open equalizer valve (ill, and through the vent holes 91's in the upper end of the body. These holes d'la are also the means for equalizing the hydrostatic pressure.
within the cylinder with that externally of the tool as it is lowered in the well here.
A modification of the apparatus disclosed in Figures 9 to 13, inclusive, is shown in Figure 14, wherein each plunger perforator is made hollow or formed as an outwardly opening tube 566a providing a chamber i'lt capable of receiving a. sample from the wall of the formation. The tool with the hollow perforators this is run in open hole until the desired sampling point is reached, whereupon actuation of the tool in the :w. as was described in connection ass and sampling tubes idle to move outwardly. forcing the latter into the wall of the bore to wedge samples of the formation into the tubes. 7
operating subsurface well devices and apparatus have been described. The operations occur through the gradual building up of pressures that can, if desired, be of a comparatively high degree, without imposing sudden or violent shocks on the equipment employed, and with substantially no stresses or strains placed on a runningin string, such as a conductive or non-conductive wire externally thereof while the apparatus is being lowered in said well here.
2. Well apparatus, including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, fluid actuated means operatively connectedto said well device, said fluid actuated means containing a base metal, a container within said fluid actuated means containing an acid separate from said base metal, means for releasing said acid from said container to enable it to react with said hose metal and produce a gas for actuating said fluid actuated means, and means for substantially equalizing the pressure within said fluid actuated means and container with that xternally thereor while the apparatus is being lowered in said well bore comprising a passage in said container establishing communication between its interior and exterior.
3. Well apparatus, including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, fluid actu amd means operatlvely connected to said well device, at least two dissimilar substances within said fluid actuated means capable or reacting chemically to produce a gas, a container in said fluid actuated, means for confining one or said substances free from contact with the other suh stance, means for releasing said one substance from said container to enable it to contact said other substance and chemically react therewith to produce said gas, and means for substantially equalizing the pressure within said fluid actuated means and container with that externally there of while the apparatus is being lowered in said well bore comprising a passage in said, coner establishing communication between its interior and exterior.
4. Well apparatus, including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, fluid actuated means operatively connected to said well device, at least two dissimilar substances within said fluid actuated means capable of reacting chemically to produce a gas, a container in said' ies 9 to 13, inclusive. causes the slides I well bore comprising a passage in said container establishing communication between its interior and exterior, and a liquid in said passage for preventing commingling of the fluids internally and externally of said container prior to release of said one substance from said container.
5. Well apparatus, including a well device adapted to be operated in a. well bore, fluid actuated means for operating said well device, at least two dissimilar substances within said fluid actuated means capable of reacting chemically with each other to produce a gas for actuating said fluid actuated means, means within said fluid actuated means for retaining one of said substances separate from the other substance, means for releasing said one substance from said retaining means to enable said substances to contact and chemically react to produce said gas, End means for automatically releasing said gas from said fluid actuated means upon completion of the operation of said well device in said well bore.
6. Well apparatus, including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, fluid actuated means for operating said well device, at least two dissimilar substances within said fluid actuated means capable of reacting chemically with each other to produce pressure stable gas for actuating said fluid actuated means, means within said fluid actuated means for retaining one of said substances separate from the other substance, means for releasing said one substance from said retaining means to enable said substances to contact and chemically react to produce said pressure stable gas, and one-way valve means in said fluid actuated means for substantially equalizing the pressure within said fluid actuated means with that externally thereof and for automatically releasing said gas from said fluid actuated means upon completion of the operation of said well device in said well bore.
7. Well apparatus, including a well device adapted to be operated in a. well bore, fluid actu ated means for operating said well device, at least two dissimilar substances within said fluid actuated means capable of reacting chemically with each other to produce a gas for actuating said fluid actuated means, and valve means operated by movement of said fluid actuated means for releasing said gas from said fluid actuated means.
8. Well apparatus, including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, a cylinder and piston for operating said well device, substances within said cylinder capable of reacting chemically with each other to produce a gas for moving said piston in said cylinder, and a valve on said piston operable upon movement of said piston in said cylinder for releasing said gas from said cylinder.
9. Well apparatus, including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, a cylinder and piston for operating said well device, substances within said cylinder capable of reacting chemically with each other to produce a gas for moving said piston within said cylinder, and means responsive to movement of said piston to a predetermined position within said cylinder for releasing said gas from said cylinder.
10. Well apparatus, including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, a cylinder and piston for operating said well device, sub stances within said cylinder capable of reacting chemically with each other to produce a gas for moving said piston within said cylinder, and a valve on said piston engageable with an end of said cylinder upon movement of said piston therewithin for releasing said gas from said cylinder.
11: Well apparatus, including a well packer having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a. well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said packer in said well casing comprising an upwardly movable cylinder and a 7 downwardly movable piston within said cylinder, means within said cylinder above said piston for producing a gas therewithin for moving said piston downwardly within said cylinder, means cooperating with said piston for transmitting its downward movement to said normally retracted means, means including a frangible device for transmitting upward movement and force between said cylinder and body, and valve means operable upon downward movement of said piston within said cylinder for releasing said gas from said cylinder.
12. Well apparatus, including a well packer having a. body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said packer in said well casing comprising an upwardly movable cylinder and a downwardly movable piston within said cylinder, means within said cylinder above said piston for producing a gas therewithin for moving said piston downwardly within said cylinder, means cooperating with said piston for transmitting its downward movement and force to said normally retracted means, means including a frangible device for transmitting upward movement and force between said cylinder and body, and an upwardly opening one-way valve on said piston for substantially equalizing the hydrostatic pres sure internally and externally of said cylinder while said apparatus is being lowered through flllld in said well casing, said one-way valve engaging said cylinder upon downward movement of sai piston to cause its opening and release of V said gas from said cylinder.
13. Well apparatus, including a well packer having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said packer in said well casing comprising an upwardly movable cylinder and a downwardly movable piston within said cylinder, means within said cylinder above said piston for producing a gas therewithin for moving said piston downwardly within said cylinder, means cooperating with said piston for transmitting its downward movement and force to said normally retracted means, means including a. frangible device for transmitting upward movement and force between said cylinder and body, and a valve onsaid piston engageable with said cylinder upon downward movement of said piston therewithin for releasing said gas from said cylinder, said valve engaging said cylinder after disruption of said frangible device.
14. Well apparatus, including a well packer having a body and slips for anchoring said body in a well bore, fluid actuated means for setting Said packer in said well bore comprising a, piston for exerting a downward force on said slips and a cylinder for exerting an upward force on said body, means within said fluid actuated means for producing a gas therewithin at a pressure that is sufliciently high to cause said fluid actuated means to set said packer, frangible means for transmitting said upward force between said cylinder and body, said frangible means being disruptable upon application of a predetermined setting force on said body by said cylinder to automatically disconnect said fluid actuated means therefrom, and valve means responsive to relative movement between said cylinder and piston for releasing said gas from said fluid actuated means after disruption of said frangible means.
15. Well apparatus, including a well device having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well casing comprising a, piston for exerting a downward force on said normally retracted means and a cylinder for exerting an upward force on said body, means within said cylinder for producing a gas therewithin at a pressure that is sufllciently high to caus said fluid actuated means to set said device, releasable means for transmitting said upward force between said cylinder and body, said releasable means automatically disconnecting said cylinder from said body upon application of a predetermined setting force by said cylinder on said body, and means controlled by movement of said. piston within said cylinder for releasing said gas from said cylinder after said automatic disconnection of said releasable means. i
16. Well apparatus, including a well device having a body and slips for anchoring said body in a well bore, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well bore comprising a piston for exerting a downward force on said slips and a cylinder for exerting an upward force on said body, means within said fluid actuated means for producing a gas therewithin at a pressure that is sufllciently high to cause said fluid actuated means to set said device, and releasable means for transmitting said upward force between said cylinder and body, whereby said fluid actuated means may be disconnected from said body after setting of said device.
17. Well apparatus, including a well device having a body and slips for anchoring said body in a well bore, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well bore comprising a piston for exerting a downward force on said slips and a cylinder for exerting an upward force on said body, means within said fluid actuated means for producing a gas therewithin at a pressure that is sufficiently high to cause said fluid actuated means to set said device, and frangible means for transmitting said upward force between said cylinder and body, said frangible means beingdisruptable upon application of a predetermined setting force on said body to automatically disconnect said fluid actuated means therefrom.
18. Well apparatus, including swell device having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well casing comprising a piston for exertins a downward force on said normally retracted means and-a cylinder for exertingupward force on said body,
"means within said cylinder for producing a gas therewithin at a pressure that is sufllciently high to cause said cylinder and piston to set said device in said casing, and frangible means for transmitting said upward force between said cylinder and body.
19. Well apparatus, including a well device having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well casing comprising a piston for exerting a downward force on said normally retracted means and a cylinder for exerting upward force on said body, frangible means for transmitting said upward force between said cylinder and body, means within said cylinder for producing a gas therewithin at a pressure sufllciently high to cause said cylinder and piston to set said device in said casing and to disrupt said frangible means, and a.
jarring device connected to said cylinder.
20. Well apparatus, including a well device having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well casing comprising an upwardly movable cylinder and a downwardly movable piston within said cylinder, means within said cylinder above said piston for producing a gas therewithin for forcing and moving said piston downwardly within said cylinder, means cooperating with said piston for transmitting its downward movement and force to said normally retracted means, and means including a frangible device for transmitting upward movement and force between said cylinder and body.
21. Well apparatus, including a well device adapted to be operated in a well bore, fluid actuated means for operating said well device, at least two dissimilar substances within said fluid actuated means capable of reacting chemically with one another to produce a gas, a container movably mounted in said fluid actuated means for confining one of said substances free from contact with the other substance, means within said fluid actuated means for rupturing said container to allow contact between said substances and their chemical reaction with one another to produce said gas, and means for moving said container to force it against said rupturing means to release said one substance from said container.
22. Well apparatus, including a well device having a body and normally retracted means for engagement with a well casing, fluid actuated means for setting said device in said well casinz comprising an upwardly movable cylinder and a downwardly movable piston within said cylinder, means within said cylinder above said piston for producing a gas therewithin for moving said piston downwardly within said cylinder, means co-,
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