US2437127A - Apparatus for powder metallurgy - Google Patents

Apparatus for powder metallurgy Download PDF

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Publication number
US2437127A
US2437127A US619654A US61965445A US2437127A US 2437127 A US2437127 A US 2437127A US 619654 A US619654 A US 619654A US 61965445 A US61965445 A US 61965445A US 2437127 A US2437127 A US 2437127A
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United States
Prior art keywords
die
workpiece
bed
plungers
pressing
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US619654A
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Lloyd D Richardson
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HPM Development Corp
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HPM Development Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/02Dies; Inserts therefor; Mounting thereof; Moulds
    • B30B15/022Moulds for compacting material in powder, granular of pasta form
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/06Platens or press rams
    • B30B15/065Press rams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30PRESSES
    • B30BPRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/34Heating or cooling presses or parts thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/58Processes of forming magnets

Definitions

  • This invention relates to powder metallurgy and particularly, to a method of and apparatus oiforming workpieces from powdered metal in a single operation.
  • the particular object of this invention is to provide an improved method for forming and sintering powdered metal workpieces in a single step.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic, sectional view of press adapted for practicing the method of this invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view showing a workpiece in the process of being formed.
  • Figures '3 and 4 are modified arrangements of the die member of this invention.
  • the apparatus for pressing and sintering a workpiece from powdered metal comprises a mold or die cell formed of low electrical conductivity and preferably nonmagnetic material which has sufficient strength to withstand the pressures at which the workpiece is formed.
  • the pressing plungers which compress the workpiece within the die have at least their end portions formed of the same material so that the workpiece is completely enclosed thereby. Materials which have been found suitable for this purpose include glass, ceramics and in certain instances graphite.
  • a coil which is connected with a source of high frequency electrical energy.
  • the coil establishes a heat producing alternating field in the workpiece and raises it to sintering temperature while under pressure by the plungers. After a predetermined time, the sintering operation is completed and the workpiece is cooled. and ejected. A completely finished and accurately sized workpiece is thus produced.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a press having a bed l which is connected by strain rods 2 [2 with a head i l,
  • the bed HJ mounts an up ward acting fluid operable plunger l5 whose end portion comprises the glass or ceramic member 18.
  • the head l4 mounts the fluid operable plunger 20 which has “at its lower end the glass or ceramic member '22.
  • the members it and 22 are reciprocable in the cavity 24 "of a die cell 26 which is formed of the same material as the said members.
  • a coil 28 which is connected through a switch 30 with a source of high "frequency ee'lctrical energy indicated at 3!. Closure of the switch '30 will bring about the energization of the coil 2 8 to establish a high frequency alternating held through the die cell 23. Inasmuch as the die cell '25 and the pressing members 18 and 2 .2 are formed of a nonconducting material, the energy of the field is absorbed by the metal powder within the cavity 2!.
  • any nonconductin'g material having sufficient strength is suitable for use as the die cell 26 and pressing members I! and 22, it is preferred to employ a high strength glass or ceramic.
  • graphite may be used in which case a certain amoun'tof heat would be generated in the graphite material where it touched the workpiece and the heating effect at the surface of the workpiece would "thus be somewhat enhanced.
  • FIG 3 there is illustrated a modified form of die cell 34 which is strengthened by the addition of a thin metal shell 36 therearound which, while being heavy enough to add strength to the die, is not heavy enough to absorb an appreciable amount of energy from the field established by the coil 38.
  • FIG 4 there is shown a die cell 40 which has imbedded therein a coil 42 for establishing the heating field of electromagnetic induction in the workpiece in the cavity 44.
  • the coil 42 is disposed, nearer to the workpiece than is possible with the arrangements shown in Figures l and 3 and in addition provides a support for the die when it is under pressure.
  • a predetermined quantity of powdered material is placed within the cavity 24 and the press members 22 and 18 are advanced into the die cavity to engage the powder with pressing force.
  • the switch 30 is closed to energize the coil 28 thereby to establish an alternating field of electromagnetic induction been raised sufficiently high the switch 30 is opened while the pressure of the pressing memhers on the workpiece is continued, After the workpiece has become fully sintered and is cooled sufficiently to permit its ejection into the atmosphere, the pressing member 22 is withdrawn while the member I8 is actuated to force the finished workpiece from the die.
  • an apparaus for forming workpieces from powdered metals a substantially horizontal bed; a die of substantially electrically non-conductive material supported on said bed; an opposed pair of pressing members reciprocable in the cavity of said die and comprising at least end portions which are substantially electrically non-conductive; and an induction coil encircling the cavity ofsaid die and adapted for being energized by a source of high frequency electrical energy; means for supporting one of said pressing members in spaced relation from said bed comprising strain rods, said bed having means for supporting said other pressing member, and means for reciproeatin said pressing members com-prising cylinders and pistons mounted on said strain rods and bed respectively.
  • a substantially horizontal bed a die supported on said bed having a cavity, a pair of plungers reciprocable in said ing plungers comprising cylinders and pistons mounted on said strain rods and bed respectively.
  • a substantially horizontal bed a die supported on said bed having a cavity, a pair of plungers reciprocable in said cavity from opposite sides thereof; motor means for actuating said plungers for compacting the material within said die and for ejecting the finished workpiece from said die, said die and at least the end portions of said plungers being substantially electrically non-conductive; an induction coil adapted when energized for establishing a magnetic field through the material within said die; and a source of high frequency electrical energy adapted for connecting to said coil, means for supporting one of said pressing plungers in vertically spaced relation from said bed, said he'd having means for supporting said other pressing plunger, said motor means including means for reciprocating said pressing plungers and comprising cylinders and pistons mounted on said supporting means and bed respectively.

Description

March 2, 1948. 1.. D. RICHARDSON APPARATUS FOR POWDER METALLURGY Filed Oct. 1, 1945 v n a 3 :1 z r mm M "TR wmmm M r K Y I D D M L 1 f F w 1 1 III 1111/ 1/ l \1 1 1 H/ u x souece 0F men FREQUENOI rusc rmcm. eusaev w w w m 1 w x n 1 11 fl1 I/1 1/111 1 1//// Patented Mar. 2, 1 948 APPARATUS FOR POWDER METALLURGY Lloyd D. Richardson, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to H-P-M Development Corporation, Wilmington, DeL, a corporation of Delaware Application October 1, 1945, Serial No. 619,654
3Claims.
1 This invention relates to powder metallurgy and particularly, to a method of and apparatus oiforming workpieces from powdered metal in a single operation.
The particular object of this invention is to provide an improved method for forming and sintering powdered metal workpieces in a single step.
It is another object to provide a method and apparatus for forming workpieces of powdered metal which fully forms the said workpiece thereby eliminating subsequent machining operationsr It is still another object to provide a method and apparatus for sintering powdered metal parts under pressure whereby the resulting workpiece is fully formed and precisely sized.
These and other objects and advantages will become more apparent upon reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic, sectional view of press adapted for practicing the method of this invention;
Figure 2 is a perspective view showing a workpiece in the process of being formed; and
Figures '3 and 4 are modified arrangements of the die member of this invention.
General arrangement The apparatus for pressing and sintering a workpiece from powdered metal according to this invention comprises a mold or die cell formed of low electrical conductivity and preferably nonmagnetic material which has sufficient strength to withstand the pressures at which the workpiece is formed. The pressing plungers which compress the workpiece within the die have at least their end portions formed of the same material so that the workpiece is completely enclosed thereby. Materials which have been found suitable for this purpose include glass, ceramics and in certain instances graphite.
There is disposed around, the die cell a coil which is connected with a source of high frequency electrical energy. The coil establishes a heat producing alternating field in the workpiece and raises it to sintering temperature while under pressure by the plungers. After a predetermined time, the sintering operation is completed and the workpiece is cooled. and ejected. A completely finished and accurately sized workpiece is thus produced.
Structural arrangement Referring to Figure 1, there is shown a press having a bed l which is connected by strain rods 2 [2 with a head i l, The bed HJ mounts an up ward acting fluid operable plunger l5 whose end portion comprises the glass or ceramic member 18.
The head l4 mounts the fluid operable plunger 20 which has "at its lower end the glass or ceramic member '22. The members it and 22 are reciprocable in the cavity 24 "of a die cell 26 which is formed of the same material as the said members.
Mounted about the die cell 28 is a coil 28 which is connected through a switch 30 with a source of high "frequency ee'lctrical energy indicated at 3!. Closure of the switch '30 will bring about the energization of the coil 2 8 to establish a high frequency alternating held through the die cell 23. Inasmuch as the die cell '25 and the pressing members 18 and 2 .2 are formed of a nonconducting material, the energy of the field is absorbed by the metal powder within the cavity 2!.
While it is apparent that any nonconductin'g material having sufficient strength is suitable for use as the die cell 26 and pressing members I! and 22, it is preferred to employ a high strength glass or ceramic. However, in certain instances graphite may be used in which case a certain amoun'tof heat would be generated in the graphite material where it touched the workpiece and the heating effect at the surface of the workpiece would "thus be somewhat enhanced.
In Figure 3, there is illustrated a modified form of die cell 34 which is strengthened by the addition of a thin metal shell 36 therearound which, while being heavy enough to add strength to the die, is not heavy enough to absorb an appreciable amount of energy from the field established by the coil 38.
In Figure 4 there is shown a die cell 40 which has imbedded therein a coil 42 for establishing the heating field of electromagnetic induction in the workpiece in the cavity 44. In Figure 4 the coil 42 is disposed, nearer to the workpiece than is possible with the arrangements shown in Figures l and 3 and in addition provides a support for the die when it is under pressure.
While the method and apparatus of this invention are adapted for forming workpieces from any powdered metal material, it is evident that it is of particular value in connection with the forming of refractory materials which are ordinarily too hard to be machine worked after sintering.
Operation In operation, a predetermined quantity of powdered material is placed within the cavity 24 and the press members 22 and 18 are advanced into the die cavity to engage the powder with pressing force. Thereafter, the switch 30 is closed to energize the coil 28 thereby to establish an alternating field of electromagnetic induction been raised sufficiently high the switch 30 is opened while the pressure of the pressing memhers on the workpiece is continued, After the workpiece has become fully sintered and is cooled sufficiently to permit its ejection into the atmosphere, the pressing member 22 is withdrawn while the member I8 is actuated to force the finished workpiece from the die. By properly concavity; motor means for actuating said plungers for compacting the material within said die and for ejecting the finished workpiece from said die, said die and at least the end portions of said plungers being substantially electrically non-conductive; an induction coil adapted when energized for establishing a magnetic fiield through the material within said die; and a source of high frequency electrical energy adapted for connecting to said coil; means for supporting one of said pressing plungers in spaced relation from said bed comprising strain rods, said bed having means for supporting said other pressing plungers, and means for reciprocating said presstrolling the amount of material placed into the die and by properly shaping the die and plungers, the ejected workpiece may be controlled as to the size and shape so as to require no subsequent machining operation,
While the apparatus disclosed and described herein constitutes a preferred form of my invention, it will be understood that the apparatus is capable of alteration without departing from the spirit of the invention, and that all modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claims are intended to be included herein. v
I claim:
1. In an apparaus for forming workpieces from powdered metals; a substantially horizontal bed; a die of substantially electrically non-conductive material supported on said bed; an opposed pair of pressing members reciprocable in the cavity of said die and comprising at least end portions which are substantially electrically non-conductive; and an induction coil encircling the cavity ofsaid die and adapted for being energized by a source of high frequency electrical energy; means for supporting one of said pressing members in spaced relation from said bed comprising strain rods, said bed having means for supporting said other pressing member, and means for reciproeatin said pressing members com-prising cylinders and pistons mounted on said strain rods and bed respectively.
2. In an apparatus for forming finished workpieces from metal powders; a substantially horizontal bed; a die supported on said bed having a cavity, a pair of plungers reciprocable in said ing plungers comprising cylinders and pistons mounted on said strain rods and bed respectively.
3. In an apparatus for forming finished workpieces from metal powders; a substantially horizontal bed; a die supported on said bed having a cavity, a pair of plungers reciprocable in said cavity from opposite sides thereof; motor means for actuating said plungers for compacting the material within said die and for ejecting the finished workpiece from said die, said die and at least the end portions of said plungers being substantially electrically non-conductive; an induction coil adapted when energized for establishing a magnetic field through the material within said die; and a source of high frequency electrical energy adapted for connecting to said coil, means for supporting one of said pressing plungers in vertically spaced relation from said bed, said he'd having means for supporting said other pressing plunger, said motor means including means for reciprocating said pressing plungers and comprising cylinders and pistons mounted on said supporting means and bed respectively.
LLOYD D. RICHARDSON.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNl'I'ED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,380,250 Reymond May 31, 1921 2,225,424 Schwarzkopf Dec. 1'7, 1940 2,293,400 Morris et a1. Aug. 18, 1942 2,384,215 Toulmin Sept. 4, 1945 2,393,130 Toulmin Jan. 15, 1946
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Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2554343A (en) * 1947-07-22 1951-05-22 Pall David Anisometric metallic filter
US2766512A (en) * 1952-06-09 1956-10-16 Hatebur Friedrich Bernhard Method for the production of ballbearing races and similar parts
US2767290A (en) * 1954-07-01 1956-10-16 Combustion Eng Induction fusion welding of metal members
US2777162A (en) * 1952-10-29 1957-01-15 Western Electric Co Pressing punch and die
US2777194A (en) * 1954-08-09 1957-01-15 John Wood Company Method of forming fluid pressure seal between elements of a container having an interior coating of porcelain enamel
US2818603A (en) * 1955-04-12 1958-01-07 Cambridge Rubber Co Machine for molding rubber shoe-soles
DE1024778B (en) * 1954-04-29 1958-02-20 Adolf Conrad Device for fully automatic hot pressure sintering of metal, especially hard metal bodies
US2885287A (en) * 1954-07-14 1959-05-05 Harold F Larson Method of forming elongated compacts
US2972785A (en) * 1956-01-13 1961-02-28 Enrique G Touceda Mechanical elements formed from alumina-filled polyester resins
US2974039A (en) * 1951-02-05 1961-03-07 Deventor Max Molding of metal powders
US2984871A (en) * 1959-06-04 1961-05-23 Steatite Res Corp Dry process molding of hard ferrite powders
US2984866A (en) * 1959-06-04 1961-05-23 Steatite Res Corp Process and apparatus for filling and orienting dry, hard ferromagnetic powders into molds
US3085291A (en) * 1960-10-31 1963-04-16 Philips Corp Device for manufacturing magnetically anisotropic bodies
US3095262A (en) * 1957-10-15 1963-06-25 Bethlehem Steel Corp Compacting metallic powders
US3145102A (en) * 1961-02-24 1964-08-18 Herman C Simonich Method of and apparatus for making sintered powdered metal parts
US3156011A (en) * 1962-01-10 1964-11-10 Donald M Olson Self-contained variable-environment pressing die
US3162531A (en) * 1961-03-30 1964-12-22 Sanyo Electric Co Method for the production of semiconductor elements made of an intermetallic compound
US3164898A (en) * 1960-08-09 1965-01-12 Guy F Kotrbaty Method of producing extruded shapes
US3178792A (en) * 1963-03-01 1965-04-20 Bausch & Lomb Apparatus for hot pressing ceramic material
US3221365A (en) * 1962-12-14 1965-12-07 Bausch & Lomb Apparatus for forming optical elements
US3248215A (en) * 1963-09-26 1966-04-26 Ilikon Corp Apparatus and method of heating powdered metals
US3274303A (en) * 1961-12-21 1966-09-20 Magnetfabrik Bonn Gewerkschaft Method and apparatus for making magnetically anisotropic permanent magnets
US3303533A (en) * 1963-10-23 1967-02-14 Norton Co Hot pressing apparatus
US3379525A (en) * 1967-01-23 1968-04-23 Int Standard Electric Corp Production of metallic compacts
US3674083A (en) * 1967-04-27 1972-07-04 Vollmer Werke Maschf Apparatus for providing a cutting tool with a cutting portion of a metal harder than a base metal of the cutting tool which carries the cutting portion
US3679807A (en) * 1970-05-12 1972-07-25 Commissariat A L Emergie Atomi Die-furnace, especially for the fabrication of sintered products
US4022554A (en) * 1975-04-16 1977-05-10 Macmillan Mold Company Retread molds
US4054405A (en) * 1974-01-30 1977-10-18 National Defence Of Canada Thermoluminescent detector for mixed gamma and fast neutron radiations
US4150927A (en) * 1976-07-03 1979-04-24 Magnetfabrik Bonn, GmbH vormals Gewerkschaft Windhorst Mold for the production of anisotropic permanent magnets
US4906172A (en) * 1988-08-31 1990-03-06 Shell Oil Company Mold press with dielectric electrodes
US5134260A (en) * 1990-06-27 1992-07-28 Carnegie-Mellon University Method and apparatus for inductively heating powders or powder compacts for consolidation
US5277570A (en) * 1992-03-30 1994-01-11 Siggers David L Press for pressing a compressible material
US5840348A (en) * 1995-09-15 1998-11-24 Ultrapure Systems, Inc. Automated carbon block molding machine and method
WO2010116059A1 (en) * 2009-04-09 2010-10-14 Jean-Luc Mossotti Induction hot press

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1380250A (en) * 1919-10-22 1921-05-31 Martin H Reymond Process of molding or shaping parts in molds or dies
US2225424A (en) * 1940-04-10 1940-12-17 American Electro Metal Corp Manufacture of alloys, in particular steel alloys
US2293400A (en) * 1941-01-21 1942-08-18 Isthmian Metals Inc Method for producing metal bodies
US2384215A (en) * 1944-07-03 1945-09-04 Hpm Dev Corp Powder metallurgy
US2393130A (en) * 1944-07-12 1946-01-15 Hpm Dev Corp Powder metallurgy

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1380250A (en) * 1919-10-22 1921-05-31 Martin H Reymond Process of molding or shaping parts in molds or dies
US2225424A (en) * 1940-04-10 1940-12-17 American Electro Metal Corp Manufacture of alloys, in particular steel alloys
US2293400A (en) * 1941-01-21 1942-08-18 Isthmian Metals Inc Method for producing metal bodies
US2384215A (en) * 1944-07-03 1945-09-04 Hpm Dev Corp Powder metallurgy
US2393130A (en) * 1944-07-12 1946-01-15 Hpm Dev Corp Powder metallurgy

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2554343A (en) * 1947-07-22 1951-05-22 Pall David Anisometric metallic filter
US2974039A (en) * 1951-02-05 1961-03-07 Deventor Max Molding of metal powders
US2766512A (en) * 1952-06-09 1956-10-16 Hatebur Friedrich Bernhard Method for the production of ballbearing races and similar parts
US2777162A (en) * 1952-10-29 1957-01-15 Western Electric Co Pressing punch and die
DE1024778B (en) * 1954-04-29 1958-02-20 Adolf Conrad Device for fully automatic hot pressure sintering of metal, especially hard metal bodies
US2767290A (en) * 1954-07-01 1956-10-16 Combustion Eng Induction fusion welding of metal members
US2885287A (en) * 1954-07-14 1959-05-05 Harold F Larson Method of forming elongated compacts
US2777194A (en) * 1954-08-09 1957-01-15 John Wood Company Method of forming fluid pressure seal between elements of a container having an interior coating of porcelain enamel
US2818603A (en) * 1955-04-12 1958-01-07 Cambridge Rubber Co Machine for molding rubber shoe-soles
US2972785A (en) * 1956-01-13 1961-02-28 Enrique G Touceda Mechanical elements formed from alumina-filled polyester resins
US3095262A (en) * 1957-10-15 1963-06-25 Bethlehem Steel Corp Compacting metallic powders
US2984871A (en) * 1959-06-04 1961-05-23 Steatite Res Corp Dry process molding of hard ferrite powders
US2984866A (en) * 1959-06-04 1961-05-23 Steatite Res Corp Process and apparatus for filling and orienting dry, hard ferromagnetic powders into molds
US3164898A (en) * 1960-08-09 1965-01-12 Guy F Kotrbaty Method of producing extruded shapes
US3085291A (en) * 1960-10-31 1963-04-16 Philips Corp Device for manufacturing magnetically anisotropic bodies
US3145102A (en) * 1961-02-24 1964-08-18 Herman C Simonich Method of and apparatus for making sintered powdered metal parts
US3162531A (en) * 1961-03-30 1964-12-22 Sanyo Electric Co Method for the production of semiconductor elements made of an intermetallic compound
US3274303A (en) * 1961-12-21 1966-09-20 Magnetfabrik Bonn Gewerkschaft Method and apparatus for making magnetically anisotropic permanent magnets
US3156011A (en) * 1962-01-10 1964-11-10 Donald M Olson Self-contained variable-environment pressing die
US3221365A (en) * 1962-12-14 1965-12-07 Bausch & Lomb Apparatus for forming optical elements
US3178792A (en) * 1963-03-01 1965-04-20 Bausch & Lomb Apparatus for hot pressing ceramic material
US3248215A (en) * 1963-09-26 1966-04-26 Ilikon Corp Apparatus and method of heating powdered metals
US3303533A (en) * 1963-10-23 1967-02-14 Norton Co Hot pressing apparatus
US3379525A (en) * 1967-01-23 1968-04-23 Int Standard Electric Corp Production of metallic compacts
US3674083A (en) * 1967-04-27 1972-07-04 Vollmer Werke Maschf Apparatus for providing a cutting tool with a cutting portion of a metal harder than a base metal of the cutting tool which carries the cutting portion
US3679807A (en) * 1970-05-12 1972-07-25 Commissariat A L Emergie Atomi Die-furnace, especially for the fabrication of sintered products
US4054405A (en) * 1974-01-30 1977-10-18 National Defence Of Canada Thermoluminescent detector for mixed gamma and fast neutron radiations
US4022554A (en) * 1975-04-16 1977-05-10 Macmillan Mold Company Retread molds
US4150927A (en) * 1976-07-03 1979-04-24 Magnetfabrik Bonn, GmbH vormals Gewerkschaft Windhorst Mold for the production of anisotropic permanent magnets
US4906172A (en) * 1988-08-31 1990-03-06 Shell Oil Company Mold press with dielectric electrodes
US5134260A (en) * 1990-06-27 1992-07-28 Carnegie-Mellon University Method and apparatus for inductively heating powders or powder compacts for consolidation
US5277570A (en) * 1992-03-30 1994-01-11 Siggers David L Press for pressing a compressible material
US5840348A (en) * 1995-09-15 1998-11-24 Ultrapure Systems, Inc. Automated carbon block molding machine and method
WO2010116059A1 (en) * 2009-04-09 2010-10-14 Jean-Luc Mossotti Induction hot press
FR2944225A1 (en) * 2009-04-09 2010-10-15 Jean Luc Mossotti INDUCTION HEATING PRESS

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