US2567327A - Process of making pile fabric - Google Patents
Process of making pile fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2567327A US2567327A US7652A US765248A US2567327A US 2567327 A US2567327 A US 2567327A US 7652 A US7652 A US 7652A US 765248 A US765248 A US 765248A US 2567327 A US2567327 A US 2567327A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- coating
- sticky
- pile
- plasticizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920012485 Plasticized Polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 23
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 15
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 12
- JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC(C)=O JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 10
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- -1 partial acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000842962 Apoda limacodes Species 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920013683 Celanese Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920008347 Cellulose acetate propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001756 Polyvinyl chloride acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethyl citrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)OCC DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SPTSIOTYTJZTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SPTSIOTYTJZTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006222 acrylic ester polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- HKQOBOMRSSHSTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cellulose acetate Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(O)C(O)C1O.CC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(COC(C)=O)O1.CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 HKQOBOMRSSHSTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001727 cellulose butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- OYFJQPXVCSSHAI-QFPUQLAESA-N enalapril maleate Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O.C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OYFJQPXVCSSHAI-QFPUQLAESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000120 polyethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006298 saran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006027 ternary co-polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002982 water resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H11/00—Non-woven pile fabrics
Definitions
- the invention provides a method of bonding a flock of textile fibres to a base fabric to ive a pile fabric.
- the base fabric is first provided with a sticky coating of a thermoplastic polymer and a mixture of two plasticizers therefor of substantially different volatilities, the staple fibre is then applied to this coating so as to adhere thereto, and by heating the coated fabric to cause preferential evaporation of the more volatile plasticiser, the sticky coating is converted into a non-sticky flexible coating.
- plasticizer in this specification means a substance capable of incorporation with the thermoplastic polymer to give a composition of greater flexibility, softness and extensibility than the polymer alone, and having a vapour pressure at 100 C. not greater than mm. of mercury.
- the base fabric may be provided with a sticky coating of the plasticised thermoplastic polymer by application of a solution thereof in a volatile solvent, this solvent being evaporated before ap-
- the staple-fibre plication of the staple-fibre. which is to form the pile may be applied to the surface of the adhesive coating by any suitable method, for example by brushing, sifting or beating or blowing, and the adhesive may then be [converted to the flexible, non-sticky form by heating the coated fabric under such conditions that a major proportion, e. g. to or or more of the more volatile plasticiser is lost by evaporation without substantially reducing the quantity of less volatile plasticiser.
- the accompanying drawing shows a pile fabric made according to the invention with portions of the pile, the adhesive layer, and the sealing layer removed to show the construction.
- the acetone is evaporated from the coating at a temperature of 50 C. by passing the coated fabric through a festoon drier, means being provided for recovery of the acetone vapours.
- the pile may at this stage, if desired, be set (i. e. the fibres may be caused to lie all in one direction) by brushing, care being taken to avoid damaging the sticky ⁇ coating by having the brush too close.
- the fabric is now stoved at about C. for 15-20 minutes. This removes a major proportion (over 60%) of the dimethyl phthalate without substantially reducing the proportion of tricresyl phosphate present, so convertin the adhesive to the non-sticky, flexible form and firmly anchoring the pile.
- Example 2 The process is carried out as in Example 1,
- the fabric is spread with a thin coating of 60 parts of polyvinyl chloride and 40 parts of tricresyl phosphate: this serves to prevent the subsequently applied polyvinyl acetate composition from penetrating the fabric.
- Example 3 The process is carried out as in Example 1, but using a cellulose acetate staple-fibre of the same fibre length and denier as the regenerated cellulose fibre of that example.
- Example 4 The process is carried out as in Example 3, except for the following differences:
- Glycol diacetate is used instead of dimethyl phthalate
- acetone solutions of poly also be of the same or a diiferent colour, suitable pigments or dyestuffs being incorporated for this purpose.
- polyvinyl acetate instead of polyvinyl acetate other water-i'nsoluble thermoplastic polymers, especially oxygen-containing vinyl polymers and a-s'ubstituted acrylic ester polymers, can be used.
- examples of such polymers are: polyvinyl acetals (including partial acetals, i. e.
- acetals which retain a proportion of the ester groups present in the polyvinyl ester from which they are derived by hydrolysis and acetalisation and/or a proportion of the hydroxyl groups resulting from the hydrolysis) in which the aldehyde component may be, for example, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde or butyraldehyde; polyacrylic esters, for instance polyethyl acrylate, and poly n-butyl acrylate; and polymethacrylic esters, e. g. polymethyl methacrylate. It is, of course, necessary that the polymer should be capable of being rendered sticky by the plasticiser mixture.
- Co-polymers of more than two kinds of unsaturated monomer can be used as can mixtures of two or more compatible polymers.
- a further requirement is that the polymer, after evaporation of more volatile plasticiser, shall give a flexible no'nsticky coating, and to meet this requirement the factors referred toabove as making for stickiness in the initial polymer-plasticiser mixture, viz. relatively low molecular 'weight, low inter-molecular forces and the presence of side-groups adapted to space apartthe polymer chains, must'n'ot be unduly predominant.
- Thepresence in the polymer molecule of a proportion of groups that increase inter-molecular attraction, in addition-to a proportion of groups tending to reduce that attraction by spacing the chains apart, may be of advantage not only in achieving the desired degree of hardness in the polymer, but also in facilitating adhesion to the base fabric and to the pile.
- Polymers of this kind can be made, for example, by co-polymerising vinyl acetate with butyl acrylate and acrylic acid.
- acetals containing free hydroxyl and free ester groups Although it is possible to anchor the pile by the use of a polymer which is without specific adhesion for the material either of the pile or of the backing fabric, it is of great advantags for there to be some specific adhesionbetween the polymer and. these materials, is e. some water resistant material containing carbonyl groups, e. g. ester or amide groups, and the other component contains hydroxyl groups, it is preferable to use a polymer containing some hydroxyl groups in addition to ester or ether groups such asth'e co-polymer of vinyl acetate, butyl acrylate and acrylic acid referred to above as the basis of the adhesive.
- ester or ether groups such asth'e co-polymer of vinyl acetate, butyl acrylate and acrylic acid referred to above as the basis of the adhesive.
- Ternary co-polymers of the kind last mentioned are capable of wide application to a variety of materials, e. g. they are very suitable for bonding natural silk pile to a cotton fabric.
- One further property which is desirable in the polymer is that it should be soluble in a volatile solvent for the plasticisers used. This enablesthe base fabric to be coated from a solution offpolymer and plasticisers in the volatile solvent which can then be evaporated off.
- plasticiser triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, triacetin, triethyl citrate and other plasticisers of comparable volatility at temperatures between and 150 C.
- plasticiser triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, triacetin, triethyl citrate and other plasticisers of comparable volatility at temperatures between and 150 C.
- triphenyl phosphate or other plasticiser of comparable volatility within the specified temperature range may be used.
- a convenient criterion of the volatility of the-plasticisers is given by erably at least fifty times that of the less volatile and may be considerably higher, e. g. one hundred times or more. It is generally preferable, with a view to speed, to carry out the evaporation at about to C.
- vapour pressure of the less volatile plasticiserat 150 C. should not be greater than 0.1 mm. of mercury, while that of the more volatile plasticiser should be at least 1 mm. at that temperature.
- a sufficiently volatile plasticiser such as glycol diacetate, it is possible to evaporate the more volatile plasticiser over a longer period at a lower temperature, when this is more convenient.
- the more volatile plasticiser must not be so volatile as to be lost to a substantial extent in evaporation of the volatile solvent in which the adhesive composition is applied, and on the other hand must be sulficientlyvolatile to enable a major proportion of this plasticiser to be evaporated during a heat ably thefmore volatile plasticiser has a greater "softening power than the less volatile one.
- the'plasticiser of lower volatility to be of a relatively high viscosity, for example to have a viscosity not less than about 50 centistokes at 20 C.
- the viscosity of the more volatile plasticiser is preferably somewhat lower, for example less than 20 and preferably less than 15 centistokes at the same temperature.
- the weight-ratio of the more volatile to the less volatile plasticiser should be not less than 3:1 and is preferably somewhat higher, e. g. 4:1.
- the base fabric is preferably of cotton or regenerated cellulose.
- Fabrics of high tenacity regenerated cellulose fibre such as is obtainable by saponification of cellulose acetate fibre which has been highly stretched in moist steam, hot water or an organic swelling agent, for example to give a tenacity of 3-6 or more grams per denier, may be employed and are of particular advantage where lightness of weight is important.
- the volatile solvent from solution in which the adhesive is applied must not be a solvent or strong swelling agent for the material of the base fabric.
- acetone cannot be used to dissolve the adhesive.
- a suitable volatile solvent when the base fabric is cellulose acetate is a mixture of 60 parts by volume of methyl ethyl ketone with 40 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone.
- the fiock used to provide the pile may, as indicated above, be of regenerated cellulose or cellulose acetate, or may be of other fibres, for example cotton, silk, or a water-insoluble fibre-forming derivative of cellulose other than cellulose acetate, e. g. cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate-propionate, cellulose acetate-butyrate, cellulose acetate-stearate, ethyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose.
- the flock may be of a synthetic fibre-forming polymer such as nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride-acetate, Saran, or a co-polymer of acrylonitrile with vinyl chloride or methacrylonitrile.
- the invention has been described with particular reference to the production of pile fabrics.
- the adhesives described above, however, are believed to be broadly novel.
- the invention includes these adhesives and solutions and the use of the adhesives and compositions in the manufacture of products other than pile fabrics.
- the adhesives and solutions may, for example, be used to form water-resistant coatings on textile materials.
- the adhesives and compositions of the invention may be used to bond together textile materials of various kinds, especially materials having a basis of cellulose, regenerated cellulose or a water-insoluble cellulose derivative under conditions in which preferential evaporation of the more-volatile plasticiser can be effected.
- the preferred adhesive is a composition which comprises a solution in a volatile solvent of an oxygen-containing polyvinyl compound or an alpha-substituted polyacrylic ester, together with two plasticisers, one having a vapour pressure at least fifty times that of the other, the weight-ratio of the more volatiletothe less volatile plasticiser being at least 3:1.
- the polymer is polyvinyl acetate, the less volatile plasticiser is tricresyl phosphate, and the more volatile plasticiser is dimethyl phthalate (for high temperature evaporation) or glycol diacetate (for lower temperature evaporation).
- Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising a water-insoluble thermoplastic polyvinyl resinous material and two plasticizers for the polyvinyl resinous material, one plasticizer having a vapor pressure not greater than 0.1 mm. of mercury at 150 0., and the second plasticizer having a vapor pressure of about 5 mm. of mercury to about 10 mm. of mercury at said temperature, the weight ratio of the second plasticizer to the first plasticizer being at least 3:1, feeding the staple fibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating into a nonsticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperaturebetween and C. for a period of time sufficient to drive off at least 60% of the second plasticizer without substantially reducing the quantity of the first plasticizer.
- Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising polyvinyl acetate and two plasticizers for the polyvinyl acetate, one plasticizer having a vapor pressure not greater than 0.1 mm. of mercury at 150 C., and the second plasticizer having a vapor pressure of about 5 mm. of mercury to about 10 mm. of mercury at said temperature, the weight ratio of the'second plasticizer to the first plasticizer being at least 3:1, feeding the staple fibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating-into a non-sticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100 and 150 C. for a period of time sufficient to drive off at least 60% of the second plasticizer without substantially reducing the quantity of the first plasticizer.
- Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising a polyvinyl acetal and two plasticizers for the polyvinyl acetal, one plasticizer having a vapor pressure not greater than 0.1 mm. of mercury at 150 C., and the second plasticizer having a vapor pressure of about 5 mm. of mercury to about 10 mm. of mercury at said temperature, the weight ratio of the second plas ticizer to the first plasticizer being at least 3:1, feeding the staple fibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating into a non-sticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100 and 150 C. for a period of time sufiicient to drive off at least 60% of the second plasticizer without substantially reducing the quantity of the first plasticizer.
- Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising a water-insoluble thermoplastic polyvinyl resinous material, dimethyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate in the weight ratio of at least 3:1, feeding the staple fibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating into a nonsticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100 and 150 C. for a period of time suflicient to drive off at least 60% of the dimethyl phthalate without substantially reducing the quantity of tricresyl phosphate.
- Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising a water-insoluble thermoplastic polyvinyl resinous material, glycol diacetate and tricresyl phosphate in the weight ratio of at least 3:1, feeding the staplefibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating into a non-sticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100'and 150 C. for a period of time sufiicient to drive off at least 60% of the glycol diacetate without substantially reducing the quantity of tricresyl phosphate.
- Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising polyvinyl acetate, dimethyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate in the weight ratio of at least 3:1, feeding the staple fibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating into a non-stickyfiexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100 and 150 C. for a period of time sufficient to drive off at least 60% of the-dimethyl phthalate without substantially reducing the quantity of tricresyl phosphate.
- Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising polyvinyl acetate, glycol diacetate and tricresyl phosphate in the weight ratio of at least 3:1, feeding the staple fibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating into a nonsticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100 and 150 C. for a period of time suificient to drive off at least 60% of the glycol diacetate without substantially reducing the quantity of tricresyl phosphate.
- Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding textile staple fibres to a base fabric which comprises first applying on said base fabric a layer of plasticized polyvinyl chloride, then superimposing on said layer a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent, and comprising a water-insoluble thermoplastic polyvinyl resinous material and two plasticizers for said polyvinyl resinous material, one plasticizer having a vapor pressure not greaterthan 0.1 mm. of mercury at 150 C., and the second plasticizer having a vapor pressure of about 5 mm. of mercury to about mm.
- the weight ratio of the secondplasticizer to the first plasticizer being at least3 1, feeding the staple fibre onto-said stickycoat n andconverting said coating into a non-sticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100 and 150 C. for a period of time sufficient to drive off at least 60% of the second plasticizer without substantially reducing the quantity of the first plasticizer.
- Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding textile staple fibers to a base fabric which comprises coating a cotton fabric with an acetone solution of polyvinyl acetate, dimethyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate in the proportions of 60 to 90 parts by weight of dimethyl phthalate and 20 to .30 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate per 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetate, evaporating off the acetone at a temperature not greater than about C., applying a flock of staple fibres to the sticky coated fabric to produce the desired pile, and heating the fabric at a temperature of 120 C. to 150 C. for -a period of time sufiicient to drive off at least of the dimethyl phthalate and to convert the sticky coating into a flexible non-sticky layer without substantially reducing the quantity of tricresyl phosphate.
- Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding textile staple fibres to a base fabric which comprises coating a cotton fabric with an acetone solution of polyvinyl acetate, glycol diacctate and tricresyl phosphate in the proportions of 60 to parts by weight of glycol diacetate and 20 to 30 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate per parts by Weight of polyvinyl acetate, evaporating off the acetone at a temperature not greater than about 50 C., applying a flock of staple fibres to the sticky coated fabric .to produce the desired pile, and heating the fabric at a temperature of to C.
Description
sfipt. 11, 1951 H, EWlNG 2,567,327
PROCESS OF MAKING PILE FABRIC Filed Feb. 11, 1948 Pile Adheswe la er Seeling la er Base fabric HEW/N6 Patented Sept. 11, 1951 2,561,327 PROCESS O MAKING PILE FABRIC Henry Ewing, Spondon, near Derby, England, 'assignor to Celanese Corporation of America, a
corporation of Delaware Application February 11, 1948, Serial No. 7,652 In Great Britain February 21, 1947 Claims. (Cl. 117-29) This invention relates to process of making pile fabric.
The invention provides a method of bonding a flock of textile fibres to a base fabric to ive a pile fabric. According to the process of the invention, the base fabric is first provided with a sticky coating of a thermoplastic polymer and a mixture of two plasticizers therefor of substantially different volatilities, the staple fibre is then applied to this coating so as to adhere thereto, and by heating the coated fabric to cause preferential evaporation of the more volatile plasticiser, the sticky coating is converted into a non-sticky flexible coating. The term plasticizer in this specification means a substance capable of incorporation with the thermoplastic polymer to give a composition of greater flexibility, softness and extensibility than the polymer alone, and having a vapour pressure at 100 C. not greater than mm. of mercury.
In making the pile fabrics of the invention, the base fabric may be provided with a sticky coating of the plasticised thermoplastic polymer by application of a solution thereof in a volatile solvent, this solvent being evaporated before ap- The staple-fibre plication of the staple-fibre. which is to form the pile may be applied to the surface of the adhesive coating by any suitable method, for example by brushing, sifting or beating or blowing, and the adhesive may then be [converted to the flexible, non-sticky form by heating the coated fabric under such conditions that a major proportion, e. g. to or or more of the more volatile plasticiser is lost by evaporation without substantially reducing the quantity of less volatile plasticiser.
The accompanying drawing shows a pile fabric made according to the invention with portions of the pile, the adhesive layer, and the sealing layer removed to show the construction.
The following examples illustrate the inven-' tion:
Example 1 c nm fi ar im s. an?
the effect of any slubs or joins in the cloth to be coated.
The acetone is evaporated from the coating at a temperature of 50 C. by passing the coated fabric through a festoon drier, means being provided for recovery of the acetone vapours.
To the sticky coating is applied a flock of regenerated cellulose fibres of fibre-length about 1 mm. and denier 8 dyed in a bright colour. The
flock is sifted on to the travelling fabric and distributed by means of a beater, care being taken that the beater blade does not come into actual contact with the surface of the adhesive. The pilemay at this stage, if desired, be set (i. e. the fibres may be caused to lie all in one direction) by brushing, care being taken to avoid damaging the sticky {coating by having the brush too close.
The fabric is now stoved at about C. for 15-20 minutes. This removes a major proportion (over 60%) of the dimethyl phthalate without substantially reducing the proportion of tricresyl phosphate present, so convertin the adhesive to the non-sticky, flexible form and firmly anchoring the pile.
Example 2 The process is carried out as in Example 1,
but before applying the polyvinyl acetate composition the fabric is spread with a thin coating of 60 parts of polyvinyl chloride and 40 parts of tricresyl phosphate: this serves to prevent the subsequently applied polyvinyl acetate composition from penetrating the fabric.
Ewample 3 'The process is carried out as in Example 1, but using a cellulose acetate staple-fibre of the same fibre length and denier as the regenerated cellulose fibre of that example.
Example 4 The process is carried out as in Example 3, except for the following differences:
(1) Glycol diacetate is used instead of dimethyl phthalate;
(2) The staple fibre is blown in a stream of air on to the sticky coating of the fabric;
(3) Preferential evaporation of the glycol diacetate is carried out by air drying at room temperature for 3 days, in the course of which over 80% of the glycol diacetate is lost.
Instead of the above specific adhesive compo sitions, other adhesive compositions may be employed, as for example. acetone solutions of polyalso be of the same or a diiferent colour, suitable pigments or dyestuffs being incorporated for this purpose.
Instead of polyvinyl acetate other water-i'nsoluble thermoplastic polymers, especially oxygen-containing vinyl polymers and a-s'ubstituted acrylic ester polymers, can be used. Examples of such polymers are: polyvinyl acetals (including partial acetals, i. e. acetals which retain a proportion of the ester groups present in the polyvinyl ester from which they are derived by hydrolysis and acetalisation and/or a proportion of the hydroxyl groups resulting from the hydrolysis) in which the aldehyde component may be, for example, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde or butyraldehyde; polyacrylic esters, for instance polyethyl acrylate, and poly n-butyl acrylate; and polymethacrylic esters, e. g. polymethyl methacrylate. It is, of course, necessary that the polymer should be capable of being rendered sticky by the plasticiser mixture. To meet this condition the presence of sidechains or side-rings in the polymer, as in the attraction between elements or groups in the polymer and elements or groups in both of the textile materials. From this point of view polymers which are without any active group, e. g. polyisobutylene, are defective. The various oxygen-containing polymers referred to above, however, show specific adhesion to cellulose, including regenerated cellulose, probably on account of hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl hydrogen of the cellulose and the ether or carbonyl oxygen of the polymer. This is of great advantage in bonding a cellulose pile to a cellulose backing. To a less extent this advantage is obtained also when :either the pile or the base fabric is of a partially hydrolysed cellulose ester such as the cellulose acetate of commerce. When however one of the components -(basic fabric or pile) is a highly compounds specified above,and the absence of strong inter-molecular forces, is of advantage. Thus, polymers having very strong inter-molecular forces such as polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride and poly-tetra-fiuor-ethylene are unsuitable, and vinyl chloride polymers, if used at all, sho'uld'be of'relatively low molecular weight and/or contain substantial proportions of a co-polymerised monomer giving a less polar side-chain, e. g. vinyl acetate or other vinyl ester,
or an ester of maleic acid or of acrylic acid, or a vinyl alkyl ketone. Co-polymers of more than two kinds of unsaturated monomer can be used as can mixtures of two or more compatible polymers. In addition to the capability of being'rendered sticky by the p-lasticiser, a further requirement is that the polymer, after evaporation of more volatile plasticiser, shall give a flexible no'nsticky coating, and to meet this requirement the factors referred toabove as making for stickiness in the initial polymer-plasticiser mixture, viz. relatively low molecular 'weight, low inter-molecular forces and the presence of side-groups adapted to space apartthe polymer chains, must'n'ot be unduly predominant. Thepresence in the polymer molecule of a proportion of groups that increase inter-molecular attraction, in addition-to a proportion of groups tending to reduce that attraction by spacing the chains apart, may be of advantage not only in achieving the desired degree of hardness in the polymer, but also in facilitating adhesion to the base fabric and to the pile. Polymers of this kind can be made, for example, by co-polymerising vinyl acetate with butyl acrylate and acrylic acid. Further examples are acetals containing free hydroxyl and free ester groups, Although it is possible to anchor the pile by the use of a polymer which is without specific adhesion for the material either of the pile or of the backing fabric, it is of great advantags for there to be some specific adhesionbetween the polymer and. these materials, is e. some water resistant material containing carbonyl groups, e. g. ester or amide groups, and the other component contains hydroxyl groups, it is preferable to use a polymer containing some hydroxyl groups in addition to ester or ether groups such asth'e co-polymer of vinyl acetate, butyl acrylate and acrylic acid referred to above as the basis of the adhesive. Ternary co-polymers of the kind last mentioned are capable of wide application to a variety of materials, e. g. they are very suitable for bonding natural silk pile to a cotton fabric. One further property which is desirable in the polymer is that it should be soluble in a volatile solvent for the plasticisers used. This enablesthe base fabric to be coated from a solution offpolymer and plasticisers in the volatile solvent which can then be evaporated off.
Instead of dimethyl phthalate, or glycol diacetate, there may be'used as the more volatile plasticiser triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, triacetin, triethyl citrate and other plasticisers of comparable volatility at temperatures between and 150 C. Instead of tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate or other plasticiser of comparable volatility within the specified temperature range may be used. A convenient criterion of the volatility of the-plasticisers is given by erably at least fifty times that of the less volatile and may be considerably higher, e. g. one hundred times or more. It is generally preferable, with a view to speed, to carry out the evaporation at about to C. and when so doing the vapour pressure of the less volatile plasticiserat 150 C. should not be greater than 0.1 mm. of mercury, while that of the more volatile plasticiser should be at least 1 mm. at that temperature. As illustrated, however, in Example 4 above, by choice of a sufficiently volatile plasticiser such as glycol diacetate, it is possible to evaporate the more volatile plasticiser over a longer period at a lower temperature, when this is more convenient. Naturally the more volatile plasticiser must not be so volatile as to be lost to a substantial extent in evaporation of the volatile solvent in which the adhesive composition is applied, and on the other hand must be sulficientlyvolatile to enable a major proportion of this plasticiser to be evaporated during a heat ably thefmore volatile plasticiser has a greater "softening power than the less volatile one. It is of advantage for the'plasticiser of lower volatility to be of a relatively high viscosity, for example to have a viscosity not less than about 50 centistokes at 20 C. The viscosity of the more volatile plasticiser is preferably somewhat lower, for example less than 20 and preferably less than 15 centistokes at the same temperature. The weight-ratio of the more volatile to the less volatile plasticiser should be not less than 3:1 and is preferably somewhat higher, e. g. 4:1.
The base fabric is preferably of cotton or regenerated cellulose. Fabrics of high tenacity regenerated cellulose fibre such as is obtainable by saponification of cellulose acetate fibre which has been highly stretched in moist steam, hot water or an organic swelling agent, for example to give a tenacity of 3-6 or more grams per denier, may be employed and are of particular advantage where lightness of weight is important. Naturally, the volatile solvent from solution in which the adhesive is applied, must not be a solvent or strong swelling agent for the material of the base fabric. Thus, for example, when a base fabric of cellulose acetate is used, acetone cannot be used to dissolve the adhesive. A suitable volatile solvent when the base fabric is cellulose acetate is a mixture of 60 parts by volume of methyl ethyl ketone with 40 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone.
The fiock used to provide the pile may, as indicated above, be of regenerated cellulose or cellulose acetate, or may be of other fibres, for example cotton, silk, or a water-insoluble fibre-forming derivative of cellulose other than cellulose acetate, e. g. cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate-propionate, cellulose acetate-butyrate, cellulose acetate-stearate, ethyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose. Or the flock may be of a synthetic fibre-forming polymer such as nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride-acetate, Saran, or a co-polymer of acrylonitrile with vinyl chloride or methacrylonitrile.
The invention has been described with particular reference to the production of pile fabrics. The adhesives described above, however, are believed to be broadly novel. The invention includes these adhesives and solutions and the use of the adhesives and compositions in the manufacture of products other than pile fabrics. The adhesives and solutions may, for example, be used to form water-resistant coatings on textile materials. By the application of the adhesive in sticky form to the fabric followed by stiffening by preferential evaporation of the more volatile plasticiser, a coating can be obtained which is more strongly adherent than could be obtained by the use of the polymer plasticised with the less volatile plasticiser alone, and which is harder and more permanent in respect of its physical properties than if it contained substantial proportions of the more volatile plasticiser. The adhesives and compositions of the invention may be used to bond together textile materials of various kinds, especially materials having a basis of cellulose, regenerated cellulose or a water-insoluble cellulose derivative under conditions in which preferential evaporation of the more-volatile plasticiser can be effected.
As indicated above, the preferred adhesive is a composition which comprises a solution in a volatile solvent of an oxygen-containing polyvinyl compound or an alpha-substituted polyacrylic ester, together with two plasticisers, one having a vapour pressure at least fifty times that of the other, the weight-ratio of the more volatiletothe less volatile plasticiser being at least 3:1. The best results have been obtained when the polymer is polyvinyl acetate, the less volatile plasticiser is tricresyl phosphate, and the more volatile plasticiser is dimethyl phthalate (for high temperature evaporation) or glycol diacetate (for lower temperature evaporation).
Having described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric, which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising a water-insoluble thermoplastic polyvinyl resinous material and two plasticizers for the polyvinyl resinous material, one plasticizer having a vapor pressure not greater than 0.1 mm. of mercury at 150 0., and the second plasticizer having a vapor pressure of about 5 mm. of mercury to about 10 mm. of mercury at said temperature, the weight ratio of the second plasticizer to the first plasticizer being at least 3:1, feeding the staple fibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating into a nonsticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperaturebetween and C. for a period of time sufficient to drive off at least 60% of the second plasticizer without substantially reducing the quantity of the first plasticizer.
Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric, which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising polyvinyl acetate and two plasticizers for the polyvinyl acetate, one plasticizer having a vapor pressure not greater than 0.1 mm. of mercury at 150 C., and the second plasticizer having a vapor pressure of about 5 mm. of mercury to about 10 mm. of mercury at said temperature, the weight ratio of the'second plasticizer to the first plasticizer being at least 3:1, feeding the staple fibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating-into a non-sticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100 and 150 C. for a period of time sufficient to drive off at least 60% of the second plasticizer without substantially reducing the quantity of the first plasticizer.
3. Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric, which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising a polyvinyl acetal and two plasticizers for the polyvinyl acetal, one plasticizer having a vapor pressure not greater than 0.1 mm. of mercury at 150 C., and the second plasticizer having a vapor pressure of about 5 mm. of mercury to about 10 mm. of mercury at said temperature, the weight ratio of the second plas ticizer to the first plasticizer being at least 3:1, feeding the staple fibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating into a non-sticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100 and 150 C. for a period of time sufiicient to drive off at least 60% of the second plasticizer without substantially reducing the quantity of the first plasticizer.
4. Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric, which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising a water-insoluble thermoplastic polyvinyl resinous material, dimethyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate in the weight ratio of at least 3:1, feeding the staple fibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating into a nonsticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100 and 150 C. for a period of time suflicient to drive off at least 60% of the dimethyl phthalate without substantially reducing the quantity of tricresyl phosphate.
5. Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric, which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising a water-insoluble thermoplastic polyvinyl resinous material, glycol diacetate and tricresyl phosphate in the weight ratio of at least 3:1, feeding the staplefibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating into a non-sticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100'and 150 C. for a period of time sufiicient to drive off at least 60% of the glycol diacetate without substantially reducing the quantity of tricresyl phosphate.
6. Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric, which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising polyvinyl acetate, dimethyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate in the weight ratio of at least 3:1, feeding the staple fibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating into a non-stickyfiexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100 and 150 C. for a period of time sufficient to drive off at least 60% of the-dimethyl phthalate without substantially reducing the quantity of tricresyl phosphate.
7. Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding staple fibres to a base fabric, which comprises applying to said base fabric a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent and comprising polyvinyl acetate, glycol diacetate and tricresyl phosphate in the weight ratio of at least 3:1, feeding the staple fibre onto said sticky coating, and converting said coating into a nonsticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100 and 150 C. for a period of time suificient to drive off at least 60% of the glycol diacetate without substantially reducing the quantity of tricresyl phosphate.
8. Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding textile staple fibres to a base fabric, which comprises first applying on said base fabric a layer of plasticized polyvinyl chloride, then superimposing on said layer a sticky coating substantially free from volatile solvent, and comprising a water-insoluble thermoplastic polyvinyl resinous material and two plasticizers for said polyvinyl resinous material, one plasticizer having a vapor pressure not greaterthan 0.1 mm. of mercury at 150 C., and the second plasticizer having a vapor pressure of about 5 mm. of mercury to about mm. of mercury at said temperature, the weight ratio of the secondplasticizer to the first plasticizer being at least3 1, feeding the staple fibre onto-said stickycoat n andconverting said coating into a non-sticky flexible coating by heating the coated fabric to a temperature between 100 and 150 C. for a period of time sufficient to drive off at least 60% of the second plasticizer without substantially reducing the quantity of the first plasticizer.
9. Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding textile staple fibers to a base fabric which comprises coating a cotton fabric with an acetone solution of polyvinyl acetate, dimethyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate in the proportions of 60 to 90 parts by weight of dimethyl phthalate and 20 to .30 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate per 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetate, evaporating off the acetone at a temperature not greater than about C., applying a flock of staple fibres to the sticky coated fabric to produce the desired pile, and heating the fabric at a temperature of 120 C. to 150 C. for -a period of time sufiicient to drive off at least of the dimethyl phthalate and to convert the sticky coating into a flexible non-sticky layer without substantially reducing the quantity of tricresyl phosphate.
10. Process for the production of a pile fabric by bonding textile staple fibres to a base fabric which comprises coating a cotton fabric with an acetone solution of polyvinyl acetate, glycol diacctate and tricresyl phosphate in the proportions of 60 to parts by weight of glycol diacetate and 20 to 30 parts by weight of tricresyl phosphate per parts by Weight of polyvinyl acetate, evaporating off the acetone at a temperature not greater than about 50 C., applying a flock of staple fibres to the sticky coated fabric .to produce the desired pile, and heating the fabric at a temperature of to C. for a period of time suff cient to drive off at least 60% of the lSCQI cliaoeta-teand to convert the sticky coating into a flexible non-sticky layer without substantially reducing the quantity of tricresyl phosphate.
HENRY EWING.
REFERENCES CITED 'The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 286,039 Mayall Oct. 2, 1883 574,332 Johnston Dec. 28, 1896 1,895,711 Foley Jan. 31, 1933 2,031,629 Atkins Feb. 25, 1936 2,046,886 Strain July 7, 1936 2,057,671 Dreyfus Oct. 20, 1936 2,098,788 .Morgan Nov. 9, 1937 2,112,030 Klinkenstein Mar. 22, 1938 2,188,396 Semon Jan. 30, 1940 2,245,708 .Patton June 17, 1941 2,290,193 Kirkpatrick July 21, 1942 2,327,128 vRenfrew et a1. Aug. 17, 1943 2,358,227 Hiers Sept. 12, 19.44
2,428,716 McGilLet a1. Oct. 7, 1947
Claims (1)
- 8. PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A PILE FABRIC BY BONDING TEXTILE STAPLE FIBRES TO A BASE FABRIC, WHICH COMPRISES FIRST APPLYING ON SAID BASE FABRIC A LAYER OF PLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, THEN SUPERIMPOSING ON SAID LAYER A STICKY COATING SUBSTANTIALLY FREE FROM VOLATILE SOLVENT AND COMPRISING A WATER-INSOLUBLE THERMOPLASTIC POLYVINYL RESINOUS MATERIAL AND TWO PLASTICIZERS FOR SAID POLYVINYL RESINOUS MATERIAL, ONE PLASTICIZER HAVING A VAPOR PRESSURE NOT GREATER THAN 0.1 MM. OF MERCURY AT 150* C., AND THE SECOND PLASTICIZER HAVING A VAPOR PRESSURE OF ABOUT 5 MM. OF MER-
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB2567327X | 1947-02-21 | ||
GB5171/47A GB644002A (en) | 1947-02-21 | 1947-02-21 | Improvements in bonding textile materials |
Publications (1)
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US2567327A true US2567327A (en) | 1951-09-11 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US7652A Expired - Lifetime US2567327A (en) | 1947-02-21 | 1948-02-11 | Process of making pile fabric |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2567327A (en) |
GB (1) | GB644002A (en) |
Cited By (10)
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US2681292A (en) * | 1950-11-07 | 1954-06-15 | Lily Jane Blackmore | Process for making pile-surfaced material |
US2715074A (en) * | 1952-01-30 | 1955-08-09 | Palladium Soc | Watertight and air pervious flocked sheet material and method of making same |
US2776223A (en) * | 1952-10-07 | 1957-01-01 | British Celanese | Method of producing a pile fabric of cellulose acetate |
US2777779A (en) * | 1949-01-21 | 1957-01-15 | Kimberly Clark Co | Faced textile material |
US3029156A (en) * | 1959-09-14 | 1962-04-10 | Geo W Bollman & Co Inc | Process for making pile fabric |
US3073715A (en) * | 1958-08-07 | 1963-01-15 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Methods of making flocked solvent activatable stiffening and shoe lining materials |
US3179550A (en) * | 1958-07-09 | 1965-04-20 | Friedman Abraham | Pile surfaced product and method of forming same |
US3257743A (en) * | 1960-12-19 | 1966-06-28 | Beckwith Arden Inc | Counter stiffener and lining material |
US3357848A (en) * | 1962-11-05 | 1967-12-12 | D & S Proc Company | Flocking method and machine |
US4122219A (en) * | 1974-05-14 | 1978-10-24 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Flocking of textile sheet materials |
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US2327128A (en) * | 1939-09-07 | 1943-08-17 | Ici Ltd | Production of pastes from polymerized vinyl chloride |
US2428716A (en) * | 1941-01-25 | 1947-10-07 | Ici Ltd | Method of coating fabric with polyvinyl chloride |
US2358227A (en) * | 1941-03-15 | 1944-09-12 | Collins & Aikman Corp | Simultaneous flocking |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2777779A (en) * | 1949-01-21 | 1957-01-15 | Kimberly Clark Co | Faced textile material |
US2681292A (en) * | 1950-11-07 | 1954-06-15 | Lily Jane Blackmore | Process for making pile-surfaced material |
US2715074A (en) * | 1952-01-30 | 1955-08-09 | Palladium Soc | Watertight and air pervious flocked sheet material and method of making same |
US2776223A (en) * | 1952-10-07 | 1957-01-01 | British Celanese | Method of producing a pile fabric of cellulose acetate |
US3179550A (en) * | 1958-07-09 | 1965-04-20 | Friedman Abraham | Pile surfaced product and method of forming same |
US3073715A (en) * | 1958-08-07 | 1963-01-15 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Methods of making flocked solvent activatable stiffening and shoe lining materials |
US3029156A (en) * | 1959-09-14 | 1962-04-10 | Geo W Bollman & Co Inc | Process for making pile fabric |
US3257743A (en) * | 1960-12-19 | 1966-06-28 | Beckwith Arden Inc | Counter stiffener and lining material |
US3357848A (en) * | 1962-11-05 | 1967-12-12 | D & S Proc Company | Flocking method and machine |
US4122219A (en) * | 1974-05-14 | 1978-10-24 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Flocking of textile sheet materials |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB644002A (en) | 1950-10-04 |
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