US2613411A - Cooling system for continuous casting molds - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 14, 1952 I. ROSS! 2,613,411

COOLING SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLDS Filed Sept. 30, 1947 6 Sheets-Sheet l WWM A Tram/Eye 0a. 14, 1952 I. ROSS! 3,

COOLING SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLDS Filed Sept. 30, 1947 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 I] 111 l i l lllllllll I IIIIH I N V EN TOR. JEVZM? 9086f Oct. 14, 1952 oss 2,613,411

COOLING SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLDS Filed Sept. 30, 1947 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN VEN TOR. AQVf/VG' 17086! A rroigwz a Oct. 14, 1952 1. ROSS! COOLING SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLDS 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Sept. 30, 1947 INVENTOR. 119mm R0625! AYTOGAEYS Oct. 14, 1952 oss OOLING SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLDS 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Sept. 30, 1947 jNE/E/VTQQ 17mm 5 085! By WW Oct. 14, 1952 l. ROSSI COOLING SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING MOLDS Filed Sept. 50. 1947 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 lgV/A/G 50861 By @zzzw v5.4

ATTOQAEYS' Patented Oct. 14, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENrOFF cs COOLING SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING MQLDS Irving Rossi, Morristown, N. .L, assignor to Continuous Metalcast Corporation,'- Wilmington; Del., a corporation oi Delaware Application September so, 1947, Serial No. 776,936

1 Claim. 1

My present invention relates tocontinuous casting systems and more particularly to acooling method and system for a continuous casting metal mold so designed that the water circulation around the mold is horizontal rather than vertical. In fact, my invention is directed to a structure and method wherein the water circulation around the mold is in the form of a horizontal sheet of water guided around the mold by appropriate guides and caused-to circulate properly into contact with the mold by appropriate bailies, the said substantially horizontal sheet of water being a fast moving large volume sheet with no vertical component of motion.

Heretofore in the casting of ingots and billets, a well as in continuous casting operations, the cooling system for the mold where water was used as the cooling-fluid was one'in-which the water was generally introduced at the 'top of the mold and caused to flow or circulate downwardly to the bottom of the mold where it was discharged.

some prior systems simply permitted the water to flow downwardly in the cooling jacket while others utilized arrangements of baffles or even spiral tube arrangement which gave-the water flow some horizontal component although its essential direction was vertical from the top to the bottom of the mold.

In other cooling systems, water was introduced at the bottom of the mold jacket, and in some systems water was introduced at the center of the mold jacket and permitted to gravitate downwardly and then to rise upwardly in order to provide a coolin operation.

In continuous casting systems, metal is poured into a mold, the metal usually being led, down in a spout which enters below the top level of the liquid in the mold, thus obviating splashing which would otherwise cause turbulence in the liquid and resultant porosity in the casting.

The bottom of the mold is open. It thus'becomes necessary to freeze at least the outer shell of the metal very rapidly so that the frozen shell within the mold will itself form a mold.

Consequently, it is usually desirable to have the outer shell of the metal cast in the continuous casting mold frozen before it has moved down more than an inch or two from the top level of the metal in the mold.

When the outer metal shell thus solidifies, it shrinks away from the mold, solidifying gradually inwardly toward the center of the-billet being cast and forming a crater which holds the molten continuously freezing toward each other, but'the crater is continuously reformedas the metal moves down the mold v In contrast with ordinary casting processes, it is desirable in a continuous casting process to maintain uniform freezing throughout the entire solidification process and,'therefore', to obtain uniform heat transfer along theentire height of the mold. i

At the bottom of the mold, the molten metal at the center of the apex must be cooled by conduc tion through the entire frozen transverse weight of metal already solidified; while at the top of I the mold, the outer shell of the billet in contact with the mold wall should be frozen'almost instantaneously.

The shell should be-niaintai'ned in frozen condition throughout-theentire height of the mold as it passes therethrough, since-any-risein tempera ture of the shell maycause it to remelt. The

remelting of the metal of the billet may permit leaking through of-eutectics of the alloy with a lower melting point than -the main alloyto' produce exudationsor beads of molten metal on the surface-of 'tlie'billet. These euctectic of the main'alloy appear'topierce theshell small beads and 'as' they" flow through these 'apertures, they carry with them a volume of heat which in turn remelts the perimeter of the small opening causing it to enlarge and to permit further exudation or bleeding. If the opening be,-

comes too large then the-entire liquid center of the billetmay flow out and cause the complete disintegration of the shell at that particular necessary to have any critical differences in tem-- perature at different levelsof the mold but ratherrequires that the whole mold wall be simultaneously'chilled and maintained in chilled condition at thelowest possible temperature.

This is in contra-distinction to single or noncontinuous casting Operations *where it is necesmetalin the mold. The sides ofthls crater are Saw, in order'toprev'ent porosity, cold shuts and cracks, to maintain an elevated temperature at the bottom of the mold and, therefore, a correspondingly elevated temperature through the height of the mold.

The primary object of my invention is thus the provision of cooling means particularly adapted to a mold-for a continuous metal casting operation wherein the cooling fluid, preferably water, is circulated horizontally in the form of a fast flowing horizontal sheet around the mold.

Another object of my inventionis the provision of novel simplified flow control and bafile means to provide an appropriate flow of horizontally directed cooling fluid, the guiding means being also arranged to direct the cooling fluid against the side of the mold in order to obtain appropriate heat circulation.

Heretofore in the utilization of cooling means and jackets in which the fiow of water was e's sentially vertical, the uniformity of cooling aif ndfthe entire vertical distance of the mold asiwell as around the entire perimeter: of the mold was difficult and in fact almost impossible.

Another and important object of my invention therefore is the production of uniform cool:- ing, around the entire vertical distance. of, the mold andwaround the entire perimeter of, the mold by utilization of a fast fiowinghorizontally moving sheet of water around the mold, the. rate ofwatelj flow-being sov rapid that there will be very. little, riSQ... intemperaturer if any, as the waterrfiows aroundthe entire perimeter of the billet.

n'i i'der to. acc m i h i eeoinsmy ventioncontemplates the utilization of a water.

intake chamber adjacent the coolingjacket, the

La-we eri ek cham r b in equal inheieh to the full heightof the -c ooling ,jacket. The cooling, water is received under appropriate pressure inthewater intake chamber; a vertical slot the full height of the cooling jacket forms a. communicating path between. the water intakechainberfand the water jacket. Theiwater underpressure enters the .vrticalslot. and moves, as a f'shfe'etf f of water. in "a horizontal direction around'th'e mold exiting through'a similar'verticalsljot into aj'watero'utlet chamber which .is placed alongside the. watervintake chamber."

"()v'ving,v to'the rapid rate of flow of the sheet of water. in a horizontal direction around the mold, its temperature is. raised very little and the exhaust water taken from the water outlet chamber ma be utilized for further cooling purposes and thus may, if desired, be directed to a cooling jacket or boot surrounding the portion of the billet which exits from the mold.

Appropriate preferably vertical baffles are providedin thecoolirig'jacket, being s'oarranged as to cause turbulence in the'sheet of water moving rapidly around the mold thereby directing the water against the side of the mold and increasing the heat exchange between the water and the. mold.

Thus, another object ofemyinventionisthe provision of. verticalwater intake, and outlet.- chambers alongside eachv other. at oneside. of the mold with means forcausingthe water. to. enter from the water intake chamber into-the cooling jacketin the initial form .of a. sheet, of water the full heightof the. mold, the water moving. around theflmold and. exiting to the.

over. .thevertieal height of the mold, another .ob-

4 slot between the water intake chamber and the cooling jacket.

My invention is primarily intended for use in connection with the continuous casting, or semicontinuous casting, operations in which the length of the casting is greater than the length of the mold andthe objectto beachieved is the more rapid rate of heatremoval commensurate with the alloy being cast, in order to obtain the highest possible casting rate.

Inthecaseof individual castings, the problem of. appropriate cooling operations is readily resolved since an individual casting brings into the. mold a given-quantity of heat which need be removed only once, whereas continuous castingrenews the heat in the mold at a constant ni m e e V In the case of individual casting, it is inadvisable toremove heat too rapidly from the metal first falling into the mold, otherwise, the metal fl win he after. to. .-fil .;upth mold will n prope weld or, merge ith. he. metala eady in t e. mo d; and-i fihis-weldins doe noto nl thelresultinel c sti a-isz mner ec at t h l u e nal cra ks o rqsi y- Be au e o is, th a es coo ing. Q m tal i suc nd vidu l as i g ust be mu h lowe n n. th e with .cqntiauqus. as in r-t i easqm, eff are made inv he case of nd vidua testi its. antra the; em e at re of h weie hoth as .a eere matt t o s duriaejitsmes e ngest he-mela- It videntthettl! lpaserhe-t ave e i the mold the greater; H the w rin. i s-Mel?! thr h-the me In continuous castn p is irab e a? as e. 5.39

im mft nt e h m ld q iz- 3. 1 r iedi m r sp s sible n j rd t mien. Y-ihe c l a fie 'It thus becomes a primary object of my inventionie l Q.:.- 2 ;W 2li teamma heri n l r u d he-wrestli g. it m s casting mold rather than vertically With-this hori-.. zontal circulation-got a,vertic al' sheet, then postu-. latinga'inold 121 h with an inn'erliner 12" in 'di'ameter'and aco lingjacketlf' thick, the water has my to 'cover a' cross-section l2"x1 If the same. .volume;..of' water. were to pass vertically over the-face'of the mold,.then. it would be required. to fill-a ro s section'12.x1rx 1 or more than three that its ratelof, flow-would be. correspondingly reduced. As the rate of heat absorption is directly proportionatato the rate of water flow,

then it follows'gtl at bymyIinvention it is possible to obtainthe same cooling .eifect. with one-.

third less water, always providing. that the rate.

a on. y eiaa t nclinl p hq pn ala flow water cooling to continuous, casting molds.

of: various shapes as well as to multiple billet continuous casting molds. I r v The foregoingand many other objects ofmy invention will allibecomeapparent in the follow-. ing description an drawingsv in. which:

be, he heatabs rbe a s s fhw v n t esht'he area which means;

illustrate the operation of my novel cooling system and method.

Figure 2 is an elevation partly in section on line 2-2 of Fig. 4 of a continuous casting mold embodying my novel cooling system showing primarily the utilization of the tapered slot in order to obtain uniform water flow.

Figure 3 is a section on line 3-3 of Fig. 4 taken at 90 from the view of Figure 2 showing the application of my novel cooling system to continuous casting mold.

Figure 4 is a top plan view of a, continuous casting mold embodying my novel cooling system.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary view in perspective showing the battles utilized in my novel cooling system.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken on line 66 of Figure 5 looking in the direction of the arrows showing the relationship between the bailies of my novel cooling system and the remainder of the cooling jacket.

Figure 7 is a fragmentary view in perspective corresponding to the lower portion of Figure 1, showing the water inlet for the cooling boot below the continuous casting mold.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary view in perspective corresponding approximately to the center portion of Figure 1 showing the cooling water outlet for the cooling boot below the continuous casting mold.

Figure 9 is a horizontal cross-section through an adjustable dual slab mold showing acooling system adapted for rectangular slabs made by a continuous casting process.

Figure 10 is a horizontal cross-section through a multiple billet mold for a. continuous casting process utilizing the principles. of my invention.

Referringflrst...to Figures 1 to 4, the continuous casting mold. is essentially. a copper liner [0 supported in the, opening. I l. of: the base [2. A water jacket I3 spaced-approximately l-'from the copper liner l0 surrounds.- thecopper liner in defining; a vertical channel l4. around the copper liner or mold ML, The: vertical. channel I4 is substantially equal in height. tothe mold and is preferably of theorder of 1." wide.

A plurality of vertical baflles; l5. areprovided on the inner surface of the; jacket I3, the said baifles extending inwardly somewhat less than half the width of the channel l4 or approximately in the case of a channel, 1" in width. The bailies are tapered as seen inFigures 5 and 6 so that they are narrower attheir lower'end increasing the rate of flowand volume of water at the lower end of the chamberforpurposes above described. The crossrsectional width of the channel I4 should be such as to permit alarge volume of water to flow, at a. high rate therethrough around the copper linerforming. the mold l0.

Thus, where appropriate water pressure is ob-- tainable the channel l4 may be wider than 1";

but in a mold, Hi the order of 12." in diameter, it-

is preferred that the channel l4 should not'be narrower than aninch in horizontalsection.

The water intake chamber and the water outlet chamber 2| are defined-by the outer water box 22 mounted Onthesupport-SB, the-said box having thecover 23. and the interiorverticalpar tition 24 separating the two chambers from each other. The partition extends-inwardlypast the verticalslots 25 andaZE in thewater jacket l2 almostgup to-thecopper liner [0 forming the mold, thereby dividing the. waterzinletand outlet portions of the; cooling channel. from; each.

other as well as dividing the water intake and outlet chambers from each other. The gap 2411 (Figures 2 and 5) is provided between the end of partition 24 and the outer surface of mold wall 10 to ensure that cooling water will be directed to the portion of mold wall [0 adjacent the partition 24. This avoids a dead spot on the mold wall and ensures uniform cooling. The gap 24a is very narrow (of the order of or less) and thus does not interfere with the water flow herein described.

Also, baflies We and [5b on opposite sides of the partition are inclined toward the partition to ensure that the water splashes against and cools the partition and into the gap 24a. The water pressure is such that leakage through gap 24a is negligible while at the same time, the existence of gap 240. avoids a dead spot which would otherwise cause evaporation of zinc in a bronze casting.

The water pressure is preferably such that the entire volume of water passes through the chamher [4 in two seconds or less so that the temperature rise in the water is of the order of only 25 or less.

The slots 25-and 26 are preferably tapered as shown in Figures 1 and 2 in order to ensure uniform water flow through the cooling channel 14 at every level thereof. The wider portions of the slots at. the bottom ensure increased water flow at the lower part of the mold.

The upper end of the cooling jacket I3 is provided with an annular flange 30 against which the watersealing gasket 3| may be compressed by the annular ring 32- which is interconnected with the annular flange 30 by bolts 33.

The gasket 31 is carried in the recess 35 of flange 30 so that when compressed it is forced against the side of the mold ill to complete the water seal. The flange 30 may be extended to form the cover 23 of the water intake and outlet chambers 20 and 2|.

The water jacket i3 is secured. in any suitable manner as by welding to the horizontal. support member 38 which in turn is secured in anysuitable manner to the base I2. The right-hand side of the support member 38 (with respect to Figure 3) is extended to form the bottom of the water intake and outlet chambers 20 and 2|.

The support 38 is compressed in any suitable manner against the annular gasket 40 held in the annular retainer 4| mounted on the. water outlet ring 42 for the cooling boot 43 below the mold III.

The water outlet ring 42 and the cooling boot 43 have no relation to my novel horizontal cooling system and method which constitutes the es sence of the present invention but are included, as hereinafter more specifically described, in or der to showa complete deviceand therelation of my novel cooling method to other elements of a complete system.

The two gaskets 3| and 40- thus serve to confine the cooling water in the cooling chamber i4 defined bywater jacket l3 and mold l0. Appropriate reinforcing elements 44 may be provided between the cooling jacket i3 and the flange 30 and similar elements 45 may beprovided begels-an frozen in its passage-through the mold to emerge from the bottom'thereof'a's a continuous billet or casting. I

It thus becomes important to obtain high speed heat exchange between the metal within the mold I and the cooling fluid in the channel I4 defined by the water jacket I3 around the mold I0. For this purpose, water is forced at high pressure through intake pipe 50 into the water intake chamber 20. The water in the waterlintake chamber then is forced through the tapered slot in a counterclockwise direction with respect to Figure 4 around the mold It in the cooling chamber I4, being prevented from nowing in a clockwise directio'n'bvthe partition 24 which extends almost up to the mold I0, being separated therefrom only by the small .gap 2411..

When the water completes its counterclockwise circuit including chamber I4," it exits 'thro'ug'hthe tapered slot 26 into the water outlet chamber 2I, being prevented againfrom recircuiting through the chamber I4 by the partition 24'.

The water which has thus cooled the mold'IO now exhausts through the exhaust pipe 52; and may, since it has not been heated very much,.be used for other cooling purposes such as cooling the casting A below the mold III in the boot 43 as hereinafter described. I

The bafiies I5 ensure ,sufficientturbulence in the horizontally moving sheet of water to. bring every part of the water into contact with the mold I0 in order to provide an'e'flicient heat exchange.

- The water is forced through at high speed so that the cooling fluid iscontinuously replaced at its original cooling temperature bynew. volumes of water, andso that the temperature-of the .water does not rise appreciably in its counterclockwise travel around the mold withrespect to Figure 4. This ensures uniformity of cooling throughout the entire perimeter of the mold while the utilization of a continuous sheet of water entering simultaneously at all vertical points on the mold ensures uniform cooling for the full height of the mold.

While the exit slot 26 need not necessarily be tapered, the-exit slot 26 is preferably tapered in the same manner as the entrance slot 25,

The arrangement of the baffles I5 and their spacing with respect to the mold wall- I0 and water jacket I3= is more clearly. indicated in Figures 5 and 6 wherein the relative depth of the baffle 5 with respect to the water chamber I4 as above described is more clearly shown.

Thus, it will be seen from the foregoing that this simplified structure permits the primary object of my invention to be achieved; that is, the water enters the vertical circular channel or chamber I4 through the vertical tapered slot 25, moves horizontally around the mold I0 and exits through slot 26. Since the temperature. is. not appreciably raised, no danger of warping of the partition 24 .is incurred by reason of extreme dif ferences in temperature on opposite sides of partition 24.

In fact, the exhaust water is sufiiciently cool so that it may be used as the cooling fluid in the boot 43. The boot 43 surrounds the portion of the billet A below the mold Ill. The billet A as it emerges from the mold I0 is, of course, in frozen or solidified form and requires no further support.

The boot is supported in any suitable manner as for instance by being suspended from the basic support'IL'the diameter of theboot43 being substanti'ally larger than the diameter of the billet A 8 in order'to' provide the cooling chamber between the boot 43 and the billet A.

The upper end of the water chamber 00 is sealed by annular gasket 40 above described. The lower'end of the boot 43 is supported in any suitable manner as by the annular flange supporting structure 83 which carries the annular water intake ring 64;

The annular water intake ring 64 has a lower flange 65 which extends close to but not in contact with the billet A. A flexible gasket 66 is compressed between the annular flange 65 and the securing ring: 61, said gasket 66 having a smaller internal diameter than'the' billet A so that the billet A forces its way past the gasket 66 as shown in Figures 1, 3, and 7.

e The gasket 56 thus provides the lower seal for the. water chamber'fill.

' The boot 43"c'lears the bottom flange 85 of the annular water intake ring 64 to provide the annular gap 70] ,through which water may pass from the annular intake ring into the chamber 60. The exhaust water from the outlet chamber 2I of the mold cooling apparatus is connected to the annular intake ring 54 for. the chamber 60 defined by the boot 4'3.

Water enters the annular intake ring 64 and passesthrough the gap 10 up into the cooling chamber 60. The water is heated by the heat exchan e which then occurs and rises up to the plurality of openin s 12 (Figures 1, 3 and 8) in the boot 43, whichopenings communicate with the annular water outlet ring 42 carried by the boot 43. The water thus used for heat exchange in' the lower chamber 50 defined by the boot 03 ther'r exhausts through exhaust outlet 15.

J The efficiency of my novel cooling system and method is thus emphasized by the fact that the exhaust water from the mold cooling chamber may stillbe used efficiently to cool the billet in the boot.43 below the mold I0.

. In Figures 9 and 10, I have shown the adaptation of ..,my invention utilizing the principles of uniformhorizontal flow of a volume of water at a rapid rate in continuous casting molds which are not necessarily of circular or approximately circular cross-section.

In Figure 9 I have shown a cross-section through acontinuous casting mold adapted to form a plurality. of slabs, the said mold being adjustable for dilferent widths of slabs.

The vertical cooling plates I00, IIJI each have an inner copper wall I02, I02 adapted to form the sides, of the mold and an outer wall I03 which need not necessarily be of copper but which may be of steel. Each of the plates I00, IOI has a vertical .water inlet tube I05 and an opposite vertical water outlet tube I06.

The water inlet tube I05 in each plate is connected to the. interior chamber I08 in each plate by the narrowyertical slot IIO. Water forced under pressureinto tubes I05 exits therefrom through-slots I I0 into the chambers I08. The water flows horizontallyacross the vertical chambers I 08 into the vertical exit slots II2 into the exhaust tubes I00.

Appropriate bafilesmay be provided, if desired,.in chambers I08 to ensure sufiicient turbulen'ce. The vertical slots H0, H0 may be tapered, as previously described in connection with thefslots of the structures of Figures 1 to 6, in order to ensure uniform flow of water or even an increasedjfiow of water at the bottom.

.The actual 1 individual molds H5, H6 are formed by the copper walls I20, I20 and the graphite separators H1, H8, H9. The plates I00, llll are clamped together on opposite sides of the vertical graphite separators H1, H8, and I 19 in any suitable manner as by bolts I20 tightened through openings in lugs 12!, I21 extending from the ends of plates and 101.

In this case, the cooling occurs only at the sides of the slabs in molds I and H0. This cooling operation is, however, sufiicient in the case of rectangular slabs of this type, first, because the slabs are relatively very narrow and the chilled portions of the slabs on opposite sides will crystallize toward each other very rapidly and second because cooling at the ends of each slab would result in greater shrinkage at the ends of the slabs owing to the fact that for each unit area at the ends of the slabs, there will be approximately several times the amount of cooling surface than for each unit area at the sides of the slabs.

Thus, for instance, in a slab 4" wide, the end inch which is four square inches in transverse section would have 6" of the perimeter cooled, while a center inch which is four square inches in transverse section would have only 2" of its perimeter cooled.

In any event, in narrow slabs of this type the crystallization of the outer surface toward the center is so rapid that cooling at the ends becomes unnecessary.

In Figure 10, I have shown an adaptation of the structure of Figure 9 in the formation of billets of various cross-sectional arrangements. Thus, the plates 200, 201 of the inner copper surface 202 and the outer wall 203 which may be of any suitable material as, for instance, steel.

The walls 202 and 203 define the cooling chambers 208. Water enters the cooling chambers 208 through the vertical slot 2H), and the water inlet pipe 205 moves horizontally through the chambers 200 and exits through the vertical slots 212 in the outlet pipes 206. The plates 200 and are tied together by bolts 220 on opposite sides of graphite blocks 211, 218, 219.

The mold walls 202 in the opposite plates 200, 201 are recessed as at 230, 231 to conform to the cross-section of the billets to be made. Similarly, the graphite blocks 21', 218, and 219 are recessed as at 232 to conform to the cross-section of the billet to be made. The cooling operation is identical with that described in connection with Figure 9.

Thus, it will be seen that my novel principle of uniform cooling of the vertical mold by horizontal flow at high speed through the water jacket around the mold is applicable to the formation of billets by continuous casting operations, irrespective of the cross-sectional arrangement of the billets.

By the means herein described, therefore, a simplified highly eflicient cooling system is provided particularly adapted to a continuous casting mold and so arranged that maximum heat exchange occurs by reason of the uniform horizontal rapid flow of the large volume of water.

By this means uniform cooling of the entire mold is obtained over the entire perimeter and vertical height of the mold thereby permitting a uniform cooling operation of the entire contents of the interior of the mold.

In the foregoing, I have described my invention solely in connection with preferred illustrative embodiments thereof. Since many variations and modifications of my invention should now be obvious to those skilled in the art, I prefer to be bound not by the specific disclosures herein contained but only by the appended claim.

The term continuous casting refers to processes known in the art as semi-continuous casting as well as to continuous casting. The two processes are essentially the same. The semicontinuous casting operation is intermittent because no mechanical means is provided for cut-' ting the billets to length. In the continuous casting operation, mechanical means are provided for cutting the billets to length.

In the following claim, therefore, the term continuous casting refers to a process where the length of the billet is greater than the length of the mold.

I claim:

A cooling system for a vertical mold, said cooling system comprising a jacket outside of and concentric with said mold defining a tubular chamber surrounding said mold; a source of cooling fluid under pressure; a hollow connecting member connecting said source of cooling fluid and said chamber; said hollow connecting member including a vertical inlet slot in said jacket extending substantially the full vertical height of said chamber, said tubular chamber guiding said cooling fluid through said chamber in a substantially horizontal path from said vertical inlet slot to said vertical outlet slot, said inlet slot being tapered from a relatively narrow opening at the top to a relatively wider opening at the bottom and vertical bailies carried by said jacket extending into said chamber for increasing the turbulence of said cooling fluid as it flows through said chamber; said bafiles being relatively wider at their upper ends and relatively narrower at their lower ends.

IRVING ROSSI.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,988,471 Arnold Jan. 22, 1935 2,145,438 Thulin Jan. 31, 1939 2,154,234 Eppensteiner Apr. 11, 1939 2,176,990 Crampton Oct. 24, 1939 2,176,991 Crampton et a1. Oct. 24, 1939 2,187,720 Williams Jan. 23, 1940 2,424,640 Spooner July 29, 1947 2,428,657 Falk et a1 Oct. 7, 1947

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