US2787596A - Cleaning composition - Google Patents

Cleaning composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US2787596A
US2787596A US371169A US37116953A US2787596A US 2787596 A US2787596 A US 2787596A US 371169 A US371169 A US 371169A US 37116953 A US37116953 A US 37116953A US 2787596 A US2787596 A US 2787596A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sulphate
alkali metal
range
cleaning composition
cleaning
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US371169A
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Stewart Daniel
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Scottish Oils Ltd
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Scottish Oils Ltd
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/43—Solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/18—Hydrocarbons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
    • D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
    • D06L1/04—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents combined with specific additives

Definitions

  • cleaning agents comprising an alkali metal alkyl sulphate, obtained by the sulphation of a distillation fraction of shale oil, together with water, a mineral oil and a high molecular weight alcohol, preferably cyclohexan-ol or a monoor dimethyl derivative thereof.
  • the cleaning agent comprises an alkali metal alkyl sulphate, obtained by the sulphation of a distillation fraction of shale oil, together with water, a mineral oil and a diethylene glycol alkyl ether.
  • an alkali metal alkyl sulphate which has been obtained by sulphation of a shale oil distillation fraction boiling within the range 180 to 330 C. More particularly it is preferred that the distillation fraction boils over the range 200 to 300 C.
  • sodium alkyl sulphates are employed and a preferred material is obtained in the manner described in British Patent No. 657,598.
  • the alkali metal alkyl sulphate is a sulphate obtained by reacting with sulphuric acid a distillation fraction of shale oil, said fraction boiling within the range 180 to 330 C. and thereafter neutralising the alkyl hydrogen sulphate so obtained by means of an alkali metal base, with or without simultaneous hydrolysis .of dialkyl sulphates.
  • the sulphuric acid used is preferably of 90-98% strength, and the necessary quantity of acid is run into the oil over a period of 12 hours, with stirring, so as to prevent the temperature rising above 20 C. In general, it is preferred to work between limits of 2.8 volumes of acid per 100 volumes of feed, and 18 volumes of acid per 100 volumes of feed.
  • the preferred high molecular weight alcohol is dimethyl-cyclohexanol.
  • the preferred diethylene glycol alkyl ether is diethylene glycol butyl ether, for example, the material known as Butyl-Cellosolve.
  • the nature of the mineral oil constituent of the composition may be varied according to the primary purpose for which the composition is intended, but in general petroleum fractions are preferred. Suitable fractions are kerosene cuts, kerosene aromatic extracts and white spirit fractions, these fractions being particularly suitable when the primary purposes of the compositions are respectively laundry cleaning agents, paint cleaners and dry cleaning aids.
  • constituents of the cleaning agents of this invention are employed within the following ranges of proportions, based on the weight of the cleaning agent:
  • compositions may be obtained containing the metal alkyl sulphate, water and mineral oil, in a single liquid phase, under wider ranges of relative proportions than would otherwise be the case. It has been found that by the use, as a further constituent of the compositions, of an ammoniurn or alkali metal carbonate or sulphate, the quantity of said alcohol or ether, required to form a single liquid phase product, is materially reduced.
  • compositions comprising said metal alkyl sulphates, Water, a mineral oil, an alcohol or ether of high molecular weight and an ammonium or alkali metal salt, said salt being a sulphate or carbonate.
  • said salt constitutes up to 15% by weight of the cleaning agent.
  • Preferred alkali metal salts are sodium sulphate and sodium carbonate.
  • compositions contain, as the sodium alkyl sulphate solution, a material obtained by sulphation of a shale oil distillation fraction and dimethylcyclohexanol.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A composition suitable for laundry use and for the cleaning of rain-proof garments:
  • EXAMPLE 4 A detergent for use on metal surfaces, as in garage use, or on road surfaces, as in the cleaning of aircraft runways:
  • Paint cleaner for use in the cleaning of vehicles:
  • EXAMPLE 6 This example illustrates the amounts of a high molecular weight alcohol required .to form a single phase liquid cleaning agent, according to the invention (a) when employing ammonium sulphate (together with sodium suiphate contained in the sodium alkyl sulphate solution), (b) in the absence of ammonium sulphate.
  • a cleaning composition consisting essentially of the following ingredients by weight:
  • alkali metal alkyl sulphate obtained by reacting a shale oil fraction boiling within the range of ISO-330 C. with sulphuric acid of 90-98% strength at a temperature under C. followed by a neutralization of the resulting alkyl hydrogen sulphate by treatment with an alkali metal base About 30-70 Percent A mineral oil boiling within the range of about 150-275 C "About A high molecular weight oxygen-containing organic solvent selected from the grouplconsisting of diethylene glycol alkyl others, cyclohexanol and monoand di-methyl cyclohexanol' About 1-10 An ammonium salt selected from the group consisting of ammonium carbonate and ammonium sulphate About 5-l5 Water Up to about 50 2.
  • a cleaning composition as specified in claim 1 in which the oxygencontaining organic solvent is diethylenc glycol butyl ether.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 2,787,596 CLEANING COMPOSITION Daniel Stewart, Uphall, Broxburn, West Lothian, Scotland, assignor to Scottish Oils Limited, Glasgow, Scotland, a British company No Drawing. Application July 29, 1953, Serial No. 371,169 Claims priority, application Great Britain August 12, 1952 8 Claims. (Cl. 252-153) This invention relates to new and useful cleaning agents comprising anionic surface active agents.
It is an object of the present invention to provide new and useful cleaning agents. It is a further object to provide single phase liquid cleaning agents comprising water and minerals. Further objects will appear hereinafter.
According to the present invention cleaning agents are provided comprising an alkali metal alkyl sulphate, obtained by the sulphation of a distillation fraction of shale oil, together with water, a mineral oil and a high molecular weight alcohol, preferably cyclohexan-ol or a monoor dimethyl derivative thereof.
According to a modification of this invention the cleaning agent comprises an alkali metal alkyl sulphate, obtained by the sulphation of a distillation fraction of shale oil, together with water, a mineral oil and a diethylene glycol alkyl ether.
Preferably an alkali metal alkyl sulphate is employed which has been obtained by sulphation of a shale oil distillation fraction boiling within the range 180 to 330 C. More particularly it is preferred that the distillation fraction boils over the range 200 to 300 C. Usually sodium alkyl sulphates are employed and a preferred material is obtained in the manner described in British Patent No. 657,598. Thus preferably the alkali metal alkyl sulphate is a sulphate obtained by reacting with sulphuric acid a distillation fraction of shale oil, said fraction boiling within the range 180 to 330 C. and thereafter neutralising the alkyl hydrogen sulphate so obtained by means of an alkali metal base, with or without simultaneous hydrolysis .of dialkyl sulphates.
The sulphuric acid used is preferably of 90-98% strength, and the necessary quantity of acid is run into the oil over a period of 12 hours, with stirring, so as to prevent the temperature rising above 20 C. In general, it is preferred to work between limits of 2.8 volumes of acid per 100 volumes of feed, and 18 volumes of acid per 100 volumes of feed.
The preferred high molecular weight alcohol is dimethyl-cyclohexanol.
The preferred diethylene glycol alkyl ether is diethylene glycol butyl ether, for example, the material known as Butyl-Cellosolve.
The nature of the mineral oil constituent of the composition may be varied according to the primary purpose for which the composition is intended, but in general petroleum fractions are preferred. Suitable fractions are kerosene cuts, kerosene aromatic extracts and white spirit fractions, these fractions being particularly suitable when the primary purposes of the compositions are respectively laundry cleaning agents, paint cleaners and dry cleaning aids. I
Preferably the constituents of the cleaning agents of this invention are employed within the following ranges of proportions, based on the weight of the cleaning agent:
Percent by Weight It is a feature of the present invention that, by the use of the alcohol or ether of high molecular weight, compositions may be obtained containing the metal alkyl sulphate, water and mineral oil, in a single liquid phase, under wider ranges of relative proportions than would otherwise be the case. It has been found that by the use, as a further constituent of the compositions, of an ammoniurn or alkali metal carbonate or sulphate, the quantity of said alcohol or ether, required to form a single liquid phase product, is materially reduced.
Thus according to a further aspect of the present invention, compositions are provided comprising said metal alkyl sulphates, Water, a mineral oil, an alcohol or ether of high molecular weight and an ammonium or alkali metal salt, said salt being a sulphate or carbonate. Preferably said salt constitutes up to 15% by weight of the cleaning agent.
Preferred alkali metal salts are sodium sulphate and sodium carbonate.
The present invention is illustrated but in no way limited by the following examples of representative compositions, percentages being by weight.
These compositions contain, as the sodium alkyl sulphate solution, a material obtained by sulphation of a shale oil distillation fraction and dimethylcyclohexanol.
EXAMPLE 1 A composition suitable for laundry use and for the cleaning of rain-proof garments:
Percent Sodium alkyl sulphate (20% aqueous solution containing up to 5% sodium sulphate) 52 Kerosene (boiling range 165 to 275 C.) 38 Ammonium sulphate 8 Dimethylcyclohexanol 2 EXAMPLE 2 A spotting agent for new fabrics or laundry use:
. Percent Sodium alkyl sulphate (20% aqueous solution containing up to 5% sodium sulphate) 52 Water 15 Kerosene (boiling range 165 to 275 C.) 25 Ammonium sulphate 5 Dimethylcyclohexanol 3 EXAMPLE 3 A dry cleaning aid:
Percent Sodium alkyl sulphate (20% aqueous solution containing up to 5% sodium sulphate) 52.5 Water l5 Ammonium sulphate 5 White spirit (boiling range to 200 C.) 25 Dimethylcyclohexanol 2.5
EXAMPLE 4 A detergent for use on metal surfaces, as in garage use, or on road surfaces, as in the cleaning of aircraft runways:
3 EXAMPLE..5.
Paint cleaner, for use in the cleaning of vehicles:
. Percent Sodium alkyl sulphate (20% aqueous solution containing up to 5% sodium sulphate) 36.2 Kerosene extract tray cut (boiling'range 190 to 270 C.) 15.5 Soda ash 5.2 Water 41.0 Dimethylcyclohexanol 2.1
EXAMPLE 6 This example illustrates the amounts of a high molecular weight alcohol required .to form a single phase liquid cleaning agent, according to the invention (a) when employing ammonium sulphate (together with sodium suiphate contained in the sodium alkyl sulphate solution), (b) in the absence of ammonium sulphate.
In each case the minimum amount of dimethyl cyclohexanol was employed, the composition of the products being shown in the following table:
1. A cleaning composition consisting essentially of the following ingredients by weight:
Percent An alkali metal alkyl sulphate obtained by reacting a shale oil fraction boiling within the range of ISO-330 C. with sulphuric acid of 90-98% strength at a temperature under C. followed by a neutralization of the resulting alkyl hydrogen sulphate by treatment with an alkali metal base About 30-70 Percent A mineral oil boiling within the range of about 150-275 C "About A high molecular weight oxygen-containing organic solvent selected from the grouplconsisting of diethylene glycol alkyl others, cyclohexanol and monoand di-methyl cyclohexanol' About 1-10 An ammonium salt selected from the group consisting of ammonium carbonate and ammonium sulphate About 5-l5 Water Up to about 50 2. A cleaning composition as specified in claim 1 in which the oxygencontaining organic solvent is diethylenc glycol butyl ether.
3. A cleaning composition as specified in claim 1 in which the mineral oil is a kerosene fraction of petroleum.
4. A cleaning composition as specified in claim 1 in which the mineral oil is a kerosene aromatic extract.
5. A cleaning composition as specified in claim 1 in which the mineral oil is a white spirit fraction of petroleum.
6. A cleaning composition as specified in claim 1 containing ammonium sulphate.
7. A cleaning composition as specfied in claim l containing ammonium carbonate.
8. A cleaning composition as specified in claim 1 in which said distillation fraction boils over the range 200- 300 C.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,355,591 Flaxman Aug. 8, 1944 2,531,166 Shaw Nov. 21, 1950 2,708,185 Stewart May 10, 1955 FOREIGN PATENTS 657,598 Great Britain Sept. 19, 1951

Claims (1)

1. A CLEANING COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF THE FOLLOWING INGREDIENTS BY WEIGHT: PERCENT AN ALKALI METAL ALKYL SULPHATE OBTAINED BY REACTING A SHALE OIL FRACTION BOILING WITHIN THE RANGE OF 180-330*C. WITH SULPHURIC ACID OF 90-98% STRENGTH AT A TEMPERATURE UNDER 20*C. FOLLOWED BY A NEUTRALIZATION OF THE RESULTING ALKYL HYDROGEN SULPHATE BY TREATMENT WITH AN ALKALI METAL BASE ABOUT 30-70 A MINERAL OIL BOILING WITHIN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 150-275*C. ABOUT 10-50 A HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT OXYGEN-CONTAINING ORGANIC SOLVENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF DI ETHYLENE GLYCOL ALKYL ETHERS, CYCLOHEXANOL AND MONO- AND DI-METHYL CYCLOHEXANOL ABOUT 1-10 AN AMMONIUM SALT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF AMMOMIUM CARBONATE AND AMMONIUM SULPHATE ABOUT 5-15 WATER UP TO ABOUT 50
US371169A 1952-08-12 1953-07-29 Cleaning composition Expired - Lifetime US2787596A (en)

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DE (1) DE1098661B (en)
GB (1) GB741478A (en)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2901433A (en) * 1953-07-17 1959-08-25 Pennsalt Chemicals Corp Cleaning composition
US3186947A (en) * 1958-06-16 1965-06-01 Kelite Corp Composition for cleaning hard surfaces
US3533955A (en) * 1965-06-15 1970-10-13 Lever Brothers Ltd Two-phase liquid detergent compositions
WO2003006733A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-01-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions and methods for removal of incidental soils from fabric articles
US20040266643A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2004-12-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Fabric article treatment composition for use in a lipophilic fluid system
US20050000028A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-06 Baker Keith Homer Method for uniform deposition of fabric care actives in a non-aqueous fabric treatment system
US20050003981A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Fabric care composition and method for using same
US20050000030A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-06 Dupont Jeffrey Scott Fabric care compositions for lipophilic fluid systems
US20050009723A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Surfactant system for use in a lipophilic fluid
US20050129478A1 (en) * 2003-08-08 2005-06-16 Toles Orville L. Storage apparatus
WO2006084208A2 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Use of water structurants to provide fabric care benefits in a non-aqueous fabric treatment system
US20070056119A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2007-03-15 Gardner Robb R Method for treating hydrophilic stains in a lipophlic fluid system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2355591A (en) * 1941-01-14 1944-08-08 Union Oil Co Flushing oils
US2531166A (en) * 1947-11-08 1950-11-21 California Research Corp Detergent concentrate
GB657598A (en) * 1946-07-19 1951-09-19 Anglo Iranian Oil Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to the production of wetting and detergent materials
US2708185A (en) * 1948-09-15 1955-05-10 Scottish Oils Ltd Detergent compositions

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE633517C (en) * 1926-03-07 1936-07-29 Chem Fab Pott & Co G M B H Emulsifiers, wetting agents and solvents

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2355591A (en) * 1941-01-14 1944-08-08 Union Oil Co Flushing oils
GB657598A (en) * 1946-07-19 1951-09-19 Anglo Iranian Oil Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to the production of wetting and detergent materials
US2531166A (en) * 1947-11-08 1950-11-21 California Research Corp Detergent concentrate
US2708185A (en) * 1948-09-15 1955-05-10 Scottish Oils Ltd Detergent compositions

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2901433A (en) * 1953-07-17 1959-08-25 Pennsalt Chemicals Corp Cleaning composition
US3186947A (en) * 1958-06-16 1965-06-01 Kelite Corp Composition for cleaning hard surfaces
US3533955A (en) * 1965-06-15 1970-10-13 Lever Brothers Ltd Two-phase liquid detergent compositions
WO2003006733A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-01-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions and methods for removal of incidental soils from fabric articles
US20030060396A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-03-27 Deak John Christopher Compositions and methods for removal of incidental soils from fabric articles
US6987086B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2006-01-17 Procter & Gamble Company Compositions and methods for removal of incidental soils from fabric articles
US20050009723A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Surfactant system for use in a lipophilic fluid
US20070056119A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2007-03-15 Gardner Robb R Method for treating hydrophilic stains in a lipophlic fluid system
US20050000030A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-06 Dupont Jeffrey Scott Fabric care compositions for lipophilic fluid systems
US20050000027A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-06 Baker Keith Homer Delivery system for uniform deposition of fabric care actives in a non-aqueous fabric treatment system
US20050000028A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-06 Baker Keith Homer Method for uniform deposition of fabric care actives in a non-aqueous fabric treatment system
US8148315B2 (en) 2003-06-27 2012-04-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for uniform deposition of fabric care actives in a non-aqueous fabric treatment system
US20040266643A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2004-12-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Fabric article treatment composition for use in a lipophilic fluid system
US7462589B2 (en) 2003-06-27 2008-12-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Delivery system for uniform deposition of fabric care actives in a non-aqueous fabric treatment system
US20060213015A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2006-09-28 Gardner Robb R Method for treating hydrophilic stains in a lipophilic fluid system
US7318843B2 (en) 2003-06-27 2008-01-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Fabric care composition and method for using same
US20050003981A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Fabric care composition and method for using same
US7202202B2 (en) 2003-06-27 2007-04-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Consumable detergent composition for use in a lipophilic fluid
US20050129478A1 (en) * 2003-08-08 2005-06-16 Toles Orville L. Storage apparatus
WO2006084208A3 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-11-09 Procter & Gamble Use of water structurants to provide fabric care benefits in a non-aqueous fabric treatment system
WO2006084208A2 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-08-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Use of water structurants to provide fabric care benefits in a non-aqueous fabric treatment system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1098661B (en) 1961-02-02
BE522094A (en)
CH328396A (en) 1958-03-15
GB741478A (en) 1955-12-07

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