US2846024A - Cyclone - Google Patents
Cyclone Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2846024A US2846024A US586075A US58607556A US2846024A US 2846024 A US2846024 A US 2846024A US 586075 A US586075 A US 586075A US 58607556 A US58607556 A US 58607556A US 2846024 A US2846024 A US 2846024A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- receiver
- duct
- wall
- cyclone
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/24—Preventing accumulation of dirt or other matter in the pipes, e.g. by traps, by strainers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
- B04C5/04—Tangential inlets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/08—Vortex chamber constructions
- B04C5/103—Bodies or members, e.g. bulkheads, guides, in the vortex chamber
Definitions
- This invention relates to a cyclone for separating impurities, especially liquid additions for gases or vapors.
- One type of such apparatus comprises a gas admission duct opening tangentially into the Whirl chamber, a centrally arranged gas vent and an outlet for the impurities near the bottom of the apparatus.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a cyclone structure which eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks.
- the cyclone comprises a gas conduit within the receiver consisting of a duct which is closed along the top and open along its bottom, the duct being narrow in radial direction as compared with the radius of the receiver and extending along the inner wall of the receiver over a portion of its circumference.
- Figure 1 is a vertical section through the axis of the apparatus
- Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view along the line IIII of Figure 1,
- Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional IIIIII of Figure 1.
- the gases to be purified enter the apparatus through an inlet connection 1.
- This connection gradually changes its cross-sectional shape in the direction of flow of the gases, the width of the connection becoming considerably narrower and its height increasing; the smallest width is designated by a ( Figure 2).
- the stream of gases thus enters the receiver 2 in tangential direction in the form of a narrow fluid ribbon with high velocity.
- the gases are guided in a narrow duct 3 formed between the wall 4 of the receiver, a curved guide wall 5 and a helically inclined covering lid 6.
- the width 12 of this duct 3 does not change.
- the guide wall 5 extends into proximity of the bottom wall 14 of the receiver and the duct 3 is open towards below.
- the impurities contained therein are brought very view along the line 2,846,024 Patented Aug. 5, 1958 close to the inner wall surface of the cyclone, so that these impurities, withthe exception of very small particle sizes and minute droplets impinge against the wall.
- the liqiud particles, once adhering to the wall portion 4 of the duct 3 will form a continuous liquid layer and any disturbing whirls will not be able to suck particles of liquid out of this layer and carry them along again.
- the narrow duct 3 Since the narrow duct 3 is open at its lower end 11, the current of gases, after leaving the inlet connection, following its narrowest portion at 7, is free to develop according to its own laws. According to the flowresistances which the current encounters at the guidewalls, the velocity of the current will gradually diminish and the current beams will spread in the manner of a fan, substantially as indicated by the arrows 8.
- the guide wall 5, on the side of entrance of the gas stream is connected in the manner of a pocket with the wall of the receiver 2 below the gas inlet opening 7, so that at the point of connection no flow disturbing whirls can be formed and enter from the rear into duct 3.
- This pocket-like connection 10 extends substantially along a vertical line. It has further been proved that the ratio of separation is favoured when the lower edge 11 of the guide-wall 5 is arranged in a plane substantially at right angles to the axis of the cyclone.
- the plate 13 near the bottom 14 of the receiver serves to impart a diameter as large as possible to the rising whirls and to prevent any transverse disturbing whirls from dragging separated liquid which already reached the bottom 14 upwardly again.
- a guard 16 is provided below the pipe which forces the diameter of the rising circular gas whirls not to drop below a certain minimum.
- a cyclone for the separation of impurities from gases and vapours comprising a cylindrical receiver with a top and a bottom forming a whirl chamber, a gas inlet duct adjacent the top of said receiver opening tangentially thereinto, a wall closely spaced from the interior wall of said receiver containuing said duct within said receiver to direct the gas ar vapour stream circumferentially and downwardly of said receiver as a narrow fluid ribbon, said duct within said receiver being closed at its upper edge and open at its lower edge, said duct within said receiver extending downwardly until adjacent the bottom of said receiver, a central gas vent located in the top of said receiver, said receiver having an outlet adjacent the bottom thereof for the discharge of impurities, said duct within said receiver extending through a minor portion of the total circumference of said receiver with a narrow radial width compared to the radius of said receiver, said whirl chamber being formed for the major portion of its height partly by the inner wall of said receiver and partly by the inner wall of said duct whereby the whir
- a cyclone for the separation of impurities from gases and vapours comprising a cylindrical receiver with a top and a bottom forming a whirl chamber, a gas inlet duct adjacent the top of said receiver opening tangentially thereinto, a Wall closely spaced from the interior wall of said receiver continuing said duct within said'receiver to direct the gas or vapour stream circumterentially and downwardly of said receiver as a narrow fluid ribbon, said duct within said receiver being closed at its upper edge by a closure extending diagonally downwardly from said gas inlet duct adjacent the top of said receiver to the exit edge of said wall closely spaced from the interior wall of said receiver and being open at its lower edge, said duct within said receiver extending downwardly until adjacent the bottom of said receiver, a central gas vent located in the top of said receiver, said receiver having an outlet adjacent the bottom thereof for the discharge of impurities, said duct within said receiver extending through a minor portion of the total circumference of said receiver with a narrow radial width compared to the radius
- a cyclone as set forth in claim 2 wherein a plate is mounted upon the bottom of said receiver and spaced therefrom to increase the diameter of the rising whirls of gas.
Description
Aug. 5, 1958 T. BREMI 2,846,024
CYCLONE Filed May 21, 1956 INVENTOR: THEODOR' BREMI United States Patent CYCLONE Theodor Bremi, Winterthur, Switzerland, assignor to Schweizerische Lokomotiv-und Maschinenlabrik, Winterthur, Switzerland Application May 21, 1956, Serial No. 586,075 Claims priority, application Germany May 26, 1955 4' Claims. (Cl. 18388) This invention relates to a cyclone for separating impurities, especially liquid additions for gases or vapors. One type of such apparatus comprises a gas admission duct opening tangentially into the Whirl chamber, a centrally arranged gas vent and an outlet for the impurities near the bottom of the apparatus.
It is generally known that in this conventional type of cyclone the rotation of the gases in the whirl chamber is disturbed by the entering gas jet impinging on the rotating gases, whereby already separated particles return to the center of the cyclone and escape through its vent. In order to avoid this inconvenience, it has been proposed to guide the entering gas stream for a certain length in the chamber of rotation by providing a continuation of the admission duct within the cyclone, maintaining the place of entrance of the duct and its crosssectional shape.
The guiding of the entering gases, however, disturbs the rotational flow in another way, it decreases the whirl of the flow and lowers the rate of separation of the apparatus. Cyclones are also known in which the gas stream approaches the whirl-chamber along a spiralshaped path.
The object of the present invention is to provide a cyclone structure which eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks.
According to the invention the cyclone comprises a gas conduit within the receiver consisting of a duct which is closed along the top and open along its bottom, the duct being narrow in radial direction as compared with the radius of the receiver and extending along the inner wall of the receiver over a portion of its circumference.
An embodiment of a cyclone according to the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a vertical section through the axis of the apparatus,
Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view along the line IIII of Figure 1,
Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional IIIIII of Figure 1.
The gases to be purified enter the apparatus through an inlet connection 1. This connection gradually changes its cross-sectional shape in the direction of flow of the gases, the width of the connection becoming considerably narrower and its height increasing; the smallest width is designated by a (Figure 2). The stream of gases thus enters the receiver 2 in tangential direction in the form of a narrow fluid ribbon with high velocity. In the interior of the receiver the gases are guided in a narrow duct 3 formed between the wall 4 of the receiver, a curved guide wall 5 and a helically inclined covering lid 6. The width 12 of this duct 3 does not change. The guide wall 5 extends into proximity of the bottom wall 14 of the receiver and the duct 3 is open towards below.
Owing to the described manner of guiding the gas stream, the impurities contained therein are brought very view along the line 2,846,024 Patented Aug. 5, 1958 close to the inner wall surface of the cyclone, so that these impurities, withthe exception of very small particle sizes and minute droplets impinge against the wall. The liqiud particles, once adhering to the wall portion 4 of the duct 3 will form a continuous liquid layer and any disturbing whirls will not be able to suck particles of liquid out of this layer and carry them along again.
Since the narrow duct 3 is open at its lower end 11, the current of gases, after leaving the inlet connection, following its narrowest portion at 7, is free to develop according to its own laws. According to the flowresistances which the current encounters at the guidewalls, the velocity of the current will gradually diminish and the current beams will spread in the manner of a fan, substantially as indicated by the arrows 8.
When leaving the guide duct at 9 the primary gas current shows a pronounced downwardly directed compd nent. This latter assists in moving the separated layer of liquid adhering to the wall 4 downwardly, so that the greater part ofit will leave through the outlet 12. During the further whirling movement of the gases in the receiver 2, this movement is by no means disturbed by the guide wall 5, since this wall, owing to its small clearance from the wall 2 of the receiver deflects the whirls only to a small extent from the true circular course.
As shown in Fig. 3 the guide wall 5, on the side of entrance of the gas stream, is connected in the manner of a pocket with the wall of the receiver 2 below the gas inlet opening 7, so that at the point of connection no flow disturbing whirls can be formed and enter from the rear into duct 3. This pocket-like connection 10 extends substantially along a vertical line. It has further been proved that the ratio of separation is favoured when the lower edge 11 of the guide-wall 5 is arranged in a plane substantially at right angles to the axis of the cyclone.
The plate 13 near the bottom 14 of the receiver serves to impart a diameter as large as possible to the rising whirls and to prevent any transverse disturbing whirls from dragging separated liquid which already reached the bottom 14 upwardly again. In order that the central whirl space immediately below the vent pipe 15 is kept free of whirls as much as possible, a guard 16 is provided below the pipe which forces the diameter of the rising circular gas whirls not to drop below a certain minimum.
I claim:
1. A cyclone for the separation of impurities from gases and vapours comprising a cylindrical receiver with a top and a bottom forming a whirl chamber, a gas inlet duct adjacent the top of said receiver opening tangentially thereinto, a wall closely spaced from the interior wall of said receiver containuing said duct within said receiver to direct the gas ar vapour stream circumferentially and downwardly of said receiver as a narrow fluid ribbon, said duct within said receiver being closed at its upper edge and open at its lower edge, said duct within said receiver extending downwardly until adjacent the bottom of said receiver, a central gas vent located in the top of said receiver, said receiver having an outlet adjacent the bottom thereof for the discharge of impurities, said duct within said receiver extending through a minor portion of the total circumference of said receiver with a narrow radial width compared to the radius of said receiver, said whirl chamber being formed for the major portion of its height partly by the inner wall of said receiver and partly by the inner wall of said duct whereby the whirling gas and vapour stream circulates along paths deviating only slightly from a 3 true circular path before being discharged through said gaslvent.
2. A cyclone for the separation of impurities from gases and vapours comprising a cylindrical receiver with a top and a bottom forming a whirl chamber, a gas inlet duct adjacent the top of said receiver opening tangentially thereinto, a Wall closely spaced from the interior wall of said receiver continuing said duct within said'receiver to direct the gas or vapour stream circumterentially and downwardly of said receiver as a narrow fluid ribbon, said duct within said receiver being closed at its upper edge by a closure extending diagonally downwardly from said gas inlet duct adjacent the top of said receiver to the exit edge of said wall closely spaced from the interior wall of said receiver and being open at its lower edge, said duct within said receiver extending downwardly until adjacent the bottom of said receiver, a central gas vent located in the top of said receiver, said receiver having an outlet adjacent the bottom thereof for the discharge of impurities, said duct within said receiver extending through a minor portion of the total circumference of said receiver with a narrow radial width compared to the radius of said receiver, said whirl chamber being formed for the major portion of its height partly by the inner wall of said receiver 4 and partly by the inner wall of said duct whereby the whirling gas and vapour stream circulates along paths deviating only slightly from a true circular path before being discharged through said gas vent.
3. A cyclone as set forth in claim 2 wherein said central gas vent comprises a conduit extending into the interior of said receiver and a guard plate is connected to said conduit and spaced therefrom in order to maintain the diameter of the circulating gas whirls above a certain minimum value. 7
4. A cyclone as set forth in claim 2 wherein a plate is mounted upon the bottom of said receiver and spaced therefrom to increase the diameter of the rising whirls of gas.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,344,146 Peck June 22, 1920 1,402,784 Moore Jan. 10, 1922 1,717,369 Clements June 18, 1929 1,818,742 Paradise Aug. 11, 1931 2,295,101 Dunham Sept. 8, 1942 2,590,754 Cline Mar. 25, 1952
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DESCH18037A DE1058976B (en) | 1955-05-26 | 1955-05-26 | Cyclone separator for compressed air compressors and steam engines |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2846024A true US2846024A (en) | 1958-08-05 |
Family
ID=7428105
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US586075A Expired - Lifetime US2846024A (en) | 1955-05-26 | 1956-05-21 | Cyclone |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2846024A (en) |
BE (1) | BE547967A (en) |
CH (1) | CH333160A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1058976B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1148346A (en) |
GB (1) | GB795945A (en) |
LU (1) | LU34342A1 (en) |
Cited By (76)
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US2932363A (en) * | 1957-06-28 | 1960-04-12 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Apparatus for separating vapor and liquid |
US3241296A (en) * | 1962-10-26 | 1966-03-22 | British Nylon Spinners Ltd | Polymerisation apparatus |
US3247651A (en) * | 1962-11-27 | 1966-04-26 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Inertia-type solids de-entrainment device |
US3443368A (en) * | 1966-07-26 | 1969-05-13 | Shell Oil Co | Tubular centrifugal separators |
US3535850A (en) * | 1966-10-28 | 1970-10-27 | Hans J P Von Ohain | Centrifugal particle separator |
FR2174912A1 (en) * | 1972-03-04 | 1973-10-19 | Nederlandse Gasunie Nv | |
US3822533A (en) * | 1972-03-04 | 1974-07-09 | Nederlandse Gasunie Nv | Device for removing impurities from gases |
US3990634A (en) * | 1972-12-06 | 1976-11-09 | Hejlek Ing Franz | Method and apparatus for the continuous multiplied enrichment of gaseous isotopes of heavy elements |
US4005998A (en) * | 1975-02-12 | 1977-02-01 | Shell Oil Company | Separation process |
US4076507A (en) * | 1975-06-18 | 1978-02-28 | Aktieselskabet Niro Atomizer | Centrifugal separator for separating liquid and gas |
US6221134B1 (en) | 1999-07-27 | 2001-04-24 | G.B.D. Corp. | Apparatus and method for separating particles from a cyclonic fluid flow |
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DE1519985C3 (en) * | 1966-12-14 | 1982-01-14 | Cojafex N.V., Rotterdam | Device for flash evaporation of liquids |
DE2361236C3 (en) * | 1973-12-08 | 1986-02-13 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Device for flash evaporation of liquids containing solids and their use |
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0
- LU LU34342D patent/LU34342A1/xx unknown
- BE BE547967D patent/BE547967A/xx unknown
-
1955
- 1955-05-26 DE DESCH18037A patent/DE1058976B/en active Pending
- 1955-08-11 CH CH333160D patent/CH333160A/en unknown
-
1956
- 1956-05-04 FR FR1148346D patent/FR1148346A/en not_active Expired
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- 1956-05-21 US US586075A patent/US2846024A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US3990634A (en) * | 1972-12-06 | 1976-11-09 | Hejlek Ing Franz | Method and apparatus for the continuous multiplied enrichment of gaseous isotopes of heavy elements |
US4005998A (en) * | 1975-02-12 | 1977-02-01 | Shell Oil Company | Separation process |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE547967A (en) | |
FR1148346A (en) | 1957-12-06 |
CH333160A (en) | 1958-10-15 |
GB795945A (en) | 1958-06-04 |
LU34342A1 (en) | |
DE1058976B (en) | 1959-06-11 |
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