US2922866A - Panel electric heater - Google Patents

Panel electric heater Download PDF

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Publication number
US2922866A
US2922866A US680503A US68050357A US2922866A US 2922866 A US2922866 A US 2922866A US 680503 A US680503 A US 680503A US 68050357 A US68050357 A US 68050357A US 2922866 A US2922866 A US 2922866A
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United States
Prior art keywords
grooves
panel
projections
electric heater
heater
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US680503A
Inventor
Hicks William Wesley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WESIX ELECTRIC HEATER CO
Original Assignee
WESIX ELECTRIC HEATER CO
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Priority to US680503A priority Critical patent/US2922866A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/16—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being mounted on an insulating base
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
    • F28F1/22—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/006—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of glass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/088—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal for domestic or space-heating systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrical apparatus for heating a space, such as a room, auditorium, or the like.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevation of a heater incorporating the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a rear elevation thereof
  • Fig. 3 is a side elevation, taken in the directio'n of the arrow 3 in'Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view, taken along a plane corresponding to line 4-4 of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of a modified form of heater
  • Fig. 6 is a fragmentary enlarged sectional view, taken along the plane corresponding to line 6-6 of Fig. 5.
  • the panel-type heater has a body 1.
  • a convoluted groove 2 In the rear face of the body 1 is a convoluted groove 2.
  • This groove 2 As shown most clearly in Fig. 2, has re-entrant portions to provide a relatively long, con- 'tinuous passageway. Lengthwise the groove proceeds in serpentine or convoluted fashion at 2a from the upper left-hand end ofbody 1, toward the right, whence the convolutions reverse and lie close to the first set. In this way, the end 2b is close to the left-hand bottom of body 1.
  • a coiled heating element 3 Within the groove 2 is a coiled heating element 3. This heating element extends over the whole length of the convoluted groove 2, the terminals 4 and 5 of the heating unit projecting from the groove ends 2a, 2b to the edge of the right-hand side of the body 1.
  • the body 1 may be made of either metal, such as cast iron, or glass, or its equivalent. When made of glass, no special provision need be made for insulating the heating element 3 from conducting parts.
  • a silica-type of glass is preferred, because it will not materially soften even when subjected to the high temperature of the energized element 3.
  • Corning 7900-type is satisfactory. This glass has a composition of ninety-six (96%) percent silica, and the remainder mainly bon'c oxide.
  • the arrangement is such that the long sides of the rectangular body 1 may be placed vertically or horizontally as desired. It may be supported, for example, by the aid of holding elements 6 (Fig. 3) engaging in grooves 7 formed on opposite edges of the long sides of the rectangular body 1.
  • the front face of the body 1 is purposely formed so as to provide a large heat radiating area.
  • the front face carries a series of parallel grooves 8. These grooves are all parallel to the long side of the body 1.
  • Extending outwardly from the front face of the body 1 are a number of projections 9 formed in regular rows. Each projection 9 has sloping sides, to radiate heat transverse to the projections. In the present instance, these projections 9 are shown as frustums of regular pyramids.
  • the bases of these sides 10 which are parallel to the grooves 8 correspond to the upper edges of these grooves, as shown most clearly in Figs. 3 and 4, the channels provided by the grooves being maintained uninterrupted.
  • the projectio'ns 9 are quite long so as to provide substantial sloping areas for the transmission of heat outwardly of body 1, to the space to be heated.
  • the height of the projections 9 measured from the bottom of grooves 8 constitutes about half the total overall thickness of body 1.
  • the panels can be installed side-by-side, either horizontally or vertically so as to provide a suflicient number of units for producing the desired amount of heat.
  • the radiating surfaces of each projection 9 are made up of the four relatively large slanting sides 10, and the top flat surface 10a. These together provide a surface several times greater than if the panel had a plane or flat exposed area.
  • the different sides of the projections 9 provide radiation in diiferent outward directions having components parallel to the panel extending not only from end to end, but also from side to side.
  • the body 11 has generally the same configuration as the body 1.
  • This body is shown as made from metal.
  • the coiled heating element 12 is shown as provided with insulation 13, such as braided glass fiber.
  • the heating element 12 may be held in place in the grooves 14 by the aid of appropriate cement 15.
  • the groove 14 is made quite deep. grooves are narrow walls 16.
  • the front face of the body 11 is provided with the parallel grooves 17 and the pyramidal projections 18 arranged as in the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4.
  • the heating element 11 has terminals 19 projected through appropriate apertures in the wall of the body 11.
  • an electric space heater a panel made of a glass material, and having a front face and a rear face; and an electric heating element in intimate heat exchanging relationship with the panel at the rear face; the front Between the face having a plurality ofparallel grooves extending substantially from end to end of the panel to form channels; the grooves having parallel sides; said panel also having projections on its front face rising from a base portion of the panel and arranged in a plurality of rows each paralleling the grooves and located between the grooves whereby the radiation area of the panel is increased While the air passage through said channels thereof are maintained eifective; said channels extending below the bases of the projections, and the height of the projections above the base portion of the panel being substantially as great as the thickness of the base portion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Description

Jan. 26', 1960 Filed Aug. 27, 1957 HICKS PANEL ELECTRIC HEATER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 gf l WZL/AM wiszsyflfcwsj.
Jan. 26, 1960 w. w. HICKS 2,922,866
PANEL ELECTRIC HEATER Filed Aug. 27, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Byleowfllm/ United States Patent 2,922,866 PANEL ELECTRIC HEATER William Wesley Hicks, San Francisco, Calif., assignor to Wesix Electric Heater Co., San Francisco, Calif., a corporation of California Application August 27, 1957, Serial No. 680,503
' 3 Claims. (Cl. 219-34) This invention relates to electrical apparatus for heating a space, such as a room, auditorium, or the like.
It is one of the objects of this invention to provide an electrical heater, for this purpose, that is efiicient and of simple structure.
It is another object of this invention to provide a heater that can be used as a unit having a panel surface, as on a wall, which radiates heat into the roo'm, and which can be combined with other units for furnishing the required heating capacity.
It is another object of this invention to provide a panel heater of this character in which a relatively large heating surface is produced, thereby making it possible to reduce the temperature at which the surface operates.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a panel structure that can be made of metal or of electrical insulation material, such as glass having high resistance toheat, Without any particular difficulty in keeping the electric heating unit appropriately insulated.
This invention possesses many other advantages, and has other objects which may be made more clearly apparent from a consideration of several embodiments of the invention. For this purpose, there are shown a few forms in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification. These forms will now be described in detail, illustrating the general principles of the invention; but it is to be understood that this detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, since the scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.
Referring to the drawings:
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a heater incorporating the invention;
Fig. 2 is a rear elevation thereof;
Fig. 3 is a side elevation, taken in the directio'n of the arrow 3 in'Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view, taken along a plane corresponding to line 4-4 of Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of a modified form of heater; and
Fig. 6 is a fragmentary enlarged sectional view, taken along the plane corresponding to line 6-6 of Fig. 5.
In the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, the panel-type heater has a body 1. In the rear face of the body 1 is a convoluted groove 2. This groove 2, as shown most clearly in Fig. 2, has re-entrant portions to provide a relatively long, con- 'tinuous passageway. Lengthwise the groove proceeds in serpentine or convoluted fashion at 2a from the upper left-hand end ofbody 1, toward the right, whence the convolutions reverse and lie close to the first set. In this way, the end 2b is close to the left-hand bottom of body 1.
Within the groove 2 is a coiled heating element 3. This heating element extends over the whole length of the convoluted groove 2, the terminals 4 and 5 of the heating unit projecting from the groove ends 2a, 2b to the edge of the right-hand side of the body 1.
Patented Jan. 26, 1960 ice This element is in good heat-transfer relation to the body 1.
The body 1 may be made of either metal, such as cast iron, or glass, or its equivalent. When made of glass, no special provision need be made for insulating the heating element 3 from conducting parts.
A silica-type of glass is preferred, because it will not materially soften even when subjected to the high temperature of the energized element 3. For example, Corning 7900-type is satisfactory. This glass has a composition of ninety-six (96%) percent silica, and the remainder mainly bon'c oxide.
The arrangement is such that the long sides of the rectangular body 1 may be placed vertically or horizontally as desired. It may be supported, for example, by the aid of holding elements 6 (Fig. 3) engaging in grooves 7 formed on opposite edges of the long sides of the rectangular body 1.
The front face of the body 1 is purposely formed so as to provide a large heat radiating area. For this purpose, the front face carries a series of parallel grooves 8. These grooves are all parallel to the long side of the body 1. Extending outwardly from the front face of the body 1 are a number of projections 9 formed in regular rows. Each projection 9 has sloping sides, to radiate heat transverse to the projections. In the present instance, these projections 9 are shown as frustums of regular pyramids. The bases of these sides 10 which are parallel to the grooves 8 correspond to the upper edges of these grooves, as shown most clearly in Figs. 3 and 4, the channels provided by the grooves being maintained uninterrupted.
The projectio'ns 9 are quite long so as to provide substantial sloping areas for the transmission of heat outwardly of body 1, to the space to be heated. Thus, the height of the projections 9 measured from the bottom of grooves 8 constitutes about half the total overall thickness of body 1. Furthermore, since a relatively long electrical heating element 3 is utilized, the temperature attained at the heat-transmitting surfaces of the projections 9 can be quite moderate. The panels can be installed side-by-side, either horizontally or vertically so as to provide a suflicient number of units for producing the desired amount of heat. The radiating surfaces of each projection 9 are made up of the four relatively large slanting sides 10, and the top flat surface 10a. These together provide a surface several times greater than if the panel had a plane or flat exposed area. The different sides of the projections 9 provide radiation in diiferent outward directions having components parallel to the panel extending not only from end to end, but also from side to side.
In the form shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the body 11 has generally the same configuration as the body 1. This body is shown as made from metal. Accordingly, ,the coiled heating element 12 is shown as provided with insulation 13, such as braided glass fiber. The heating element 12 may be held in place in the grooves 14 by the aid of appropriate cement 15.
The groove 14 is made quite deep. grooves are narrow walls 16.
The front face of the body 11 is provided with the parallel grooves 17 and the pyramidal projections 18 arranged as in the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4.
The heating element 11 has terminals 19 projected through appropriate apertures in the wall of the body 11.
The inventor claims:
1. In an electric space heater: a panel made of a glass material, and having a front face and a rear face; and an electric heating element in intimate heat exchanging relationship with the panel at the rear face; the front Between the face having a plurality ofparallel grooves extending substantially from end to end of the panel to form channels; the grooves having parallel sides; said panel also having projections on its front face rising from a base portion of the panel and arranged in a plurality of rows each paralleling the grooves and located between the grooves whereby the radiation area of the panel is increased While the air passage through said channels thereof are maintained eifective; said channels extending below the bases of the projections, and the height of the projections above the base portion of the panel being substantially as great as the thickness of the base portion.
2. The combination as set forth in claim 1 in which the projections are in the form of frustrums of regular pyramids converging in a direction outwardly of said front face whereby radiation in directions having components parellel to the grooves is provided as well as in directions having components transverse to the grooves.
3. The combination as set forth in claim 1 in which the projections are in the form of frustrurns of regular pyramids converging in a direction outwardly of said 4 front face whereby radiation in directions having components parellel to the grooves is provided as well as in directions having components transverse to the grooves, those sides of the bases of the frustums adjacent the grooves falling at the edges of the grooves.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,644,255 Kercher et a1 Oct. 4, 1937 2,179,934 Jones Nov 14, 1939 2,664,492 Fischer Oct. 4, 1953 2,771,164 Scurlock Nov. 20, 1956 2,816,201 Mulvey Dec. 10, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS 217,212 Great Britain 2 Mar. 19, 1925 51,440 I Norway Sept. 12, 1932 229,299 9 Switzerland Jan. 17, 1944 595,694 Great Britain Dec. 12, 1947 630,876 Great Britain Oct. 24, 1949
US680503A 1957-08-27 1957-08-27 Panel electric heater Expired - Lifetime US2922866A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3155814A (en) * 1961-07-31 1964-11-03 Radiant Electronic Products Co Infrared radiant heating oven
US3453413A (en) * 1965-12-10 1969-07-01 Aztec Ind Inc Rough surface radiant heater
US3629555A (en) * 1970-07-06 1971-12-21 Herbert Products International Heating apparatus for a printing press
US3873810A (en) * 1974-03-15 1975-03-25 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Heater structure
US4064477A (en) * 1975-08-25 1977-12-20 American Components Inc. Metal foil resistor
DE4028801A1 (en) * 1990-09-11 1992-03-12 Bernhard Knappe Electric surface heater for dwellings - consists of thin panel moulded or cast with integral resistance cable, thermostat and plug in pattern of moulded grooves on reverse side
FR2723432A1 (en) * 1994-08-03 1996-02-09 Repliques Et Antiquites Sarl Decorative heating panel, and mould for casting it
US6607580B1 (en) * 2002-03-04 2003-08-19 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Separation column for a gas chromatograph

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3155814A (en) * 1961-07-31 1964-11-03 Radiant Electronic Products Co Infrared radiant heating oven
US3453413A (en) * 1965-12-10 1969-07-01 Aztec Ind Inc Rough surface radiant heater
US3629555A (en) * 1970-07-06 1971-12-21 Herbert Products International Heating apparatus for a printing press
US3873810A (en) * 1974-03-15 1975-03-25 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Heater structure
US4064477A (en) * 1975-08-25 1977-12-20 American Components Inc. Metal foil resistor
DE4028801A1 (en) * 1990-09-11 1992-03-12 Bernhard Knappe Electric surface heater for dwellings - consists of thin panel moulded or cast with integral resistance cable, thermostat and plug in pattern of moulded grooves on reverse side
FR2723432A1 (en) * 1994-08-03 1996-02-09 Repliques Et Antiquites Sarl Decorative heating panel, and mould for casting it
US6607580B1 (en) * 2002-03-04 2003-08-19 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Separation column for a gas chromatograph

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