US2926116A - Wet-strength paper and method of making same - Google Patents
Wet-strength paper and method of making same Download PDFInfo
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- US2926116A US2926116A US682086A US68208657A US2926116A US 2926116 A US2926116 A US 2926116A US 682086 A US682086 A US 682086A US 68208657 A US68208657 A US 68208657A US 2926116 A US2926116 A US 2926116A
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- paper
- polyamide
- resin
- epichlorohydrin
- acid
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
- D21H17/55—Polyamides; Polyaminoamides; Polyester-amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/59—Polyamides; Polyimides
- D06M15/595—Derivatives obtained by substitution of a hydrogen atom of the carboxamide radical
Definitions
- This invention relates to the manufacture of resintreated cellulosic fibers and fibrous products prepared therefrom and is directed particularly to a method for improving the wet strength of felted fibrous cellulosic materials such as paper, paperboard, shaped paper articles and the like.
- the invention includes the improved cellulosic fibers and fibrous products themselves as well as methods'of preparing these products from aqueous suspensions of fibrous cellulosic material such as paper pulp.
- a principal object of the present invention is the pro vision of-ta ".mfilhod tor adding wet-strength to -any type of paper regardless of whetherit is produced under acid, neutral or alkalinerconditions.
- the-above and other objects are accomplished'byapplying to fibrouscellulosic material such as paper pulp an uncured thermosetting
- the dibasic carboxylic acid is first reacted with the polyalkylene'polyamine, preferably in aqueous solution,. underconditions.suchasto produce a-watersoluble polyamide containing-the recurring groups wh'eren and x are each 2 or more and 'Ris the divalent hydrocarbon radical of the dibasic carboxylic acid.
- This water-solublepolyamide is then reacted with epichloro hydrin to .form the water-soluble cationic therrnosetting resin.
- the dicarboxylic acids contemplated for use in preparirigthe resins. of the invention are the saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acidscontaining from 3'to 10carbon atoms such as succinic, adipic, azelaic and the like.
- the saturated dibasicacids having from 4'to 8carbon atoms inthe molecule are preferred."
- Blends of two or. more of the saturated 'dibasic carboxylic acids may;.also.
- polyaltkylene polyamines including polyethylene polyamines, polypropylene polyamines, polybutYlenepo1yamines-and so "on may be employed of which It hasbeen found that resins of,
- the polyalkylene polyamines contemplated for use may be represented as polyamines in which the nitrogen atoms are linked together by groups of the formula -C,,H where n is a small integer greater than unity and the number of such groups in themolecule ranges from two up to about eight.
- nitrogen atoms may be attached to adjacent carbon atoms in' 'the group -C,',H or to carbon atoms further apart, but not to the same carbon atom.
- This invention contemplates not only the use of such. polyamines as diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenep enta mine, and dipropylenetriamine, which can be obtained in' reasonably pure form, but also mixtures and. various crude polyamine materials.
- the tennpolyalkylene polyamine employed in the claims therefore, refers to and includes any of the polyalkylene polyamines referred to above or to a mixture of such polyalkylene polyamines.
- polyalkylene polyamine up to about of the polyalkylene polyamine may be replaced by 'a molecularly equivalent amount of the diamine. will serve the purpose.
- the temperatures employed for carrying out the reac tion between-the-dibasic-acid and the polyalkylene polyamine mayvary. from about C. to about 250 C. or-higher at atmospheric pressure.
- reaction is desirably continued to substantial completion for best results.
- anamount ofdibasic acid sufficie'nt to react substantially completelywith the primary-amine groups of the polyalltyle'ne polyamine but insufiicient to react with the sec-- ondary amine groups to any substantial extent.
- This will.usually require a mole ratio of polyalkylene polyamine to dibasic acid of from about 0.921 to about 1.2: 1.
- mole ratios of from about 0.8:1 to about 1.4:1
- mole ratios below about 0.8:l result in a gelled product or one having a pronounced tendency to gel while mole ratios above 1.4:1 result in low molecular weight polyamides.
- Suchproducts do not produce efiicient wetstrength resins when reacted with epichlorohydrin.
- pHadjustm'ent is usual ly notnecessary However, since the pHz; decreasesduringahe polymerization: phase of the reaction
- the mixture Usually; a replacement of about 50% or less' For most purposes; however,- temperatures-between about C. and 210" C(h'avebeen found satisfactory and are preferred. Where itmay be desirable, in some cases, to add alkali to combine with at least some of the acid formed. This will create an environment favoring the conversion of the chlorohydrin groups to epoxide groups, thereby increasing the ratio of the latter to the former.
- sufiicient water is then added to adjust'the solids content of the resin solution to the desired amount, i.e., about 10% more or less, the product cooled to about 25 C. and then stabilized by adding suificient acid to reduce the pH at least to about 6 and preferably to about 5.
- Any suitable acid such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, formic, phosphoric and acetic acid may be used to stabilize the product.
- hydrochloric acid is preferred.
- the cationic polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins may be applied to paper or other felted cellulosic products by tub application or by spraying, if desired.
- preformed and partially or completely dried paper may be impregnated by immersion in, or spraying with, an aqueous solution of the resin following which the paper may be heated for about 0.5 to 30 minutes at temperatures of 90 C. to 100 C. or higher to dry same and cure the resin to a water-insoluble condition.
- the resulting paper has greatly increased wet strength, and, therefore, this method is well suited for the impregnation of paper towels, absorbent tissue and the like as well as heavier stocks such as wrapping paper, bag paper and the like to impart wet strength characteristics thereto.
- the preferred method of incorporating these resins in paper is by internal addition prior to sheet formation whereby advantage is taken of the substantivity of the resins for hydrated cellulosic fibers.
- an aqueous solution of the resin in its uncured and hydrophilic state is added to an aqueous suspension of paper stock in the beater, stock chest,
- Jordan engine, fan pump, head box or at any other'suitable point ahead of sheet formation The sheet is then formed and dried in the usual manner, thereby curing the resin to its polymerized and water-insoluble condition and imparting wet strength to the paper.
- the cationic thermosetting resins herein disclosed impart wet strength to paper when present therein in amounts of about 0.1-% or more based on the dry weight of the paper.
- the quantity of resin to be added to the aqueous stock suspension will depend on the degree of wet strength desired in the finished product and on the amount of resin retained by the paper fibers.
- the uncured cationic thermosetting resins of the invention may be cured under acid, neutral or alkaline conditions, i.e., at pHs from about 4.0 to 10, by subjecting the paper to a heat-treatment for about 0.5 to 30 minutes at a temperature from about 90 to 100 C. Optimum results, however, are obtained under alkaline conditions. In view of this, and the rather extensive corrosion of equipment encountered at pHs below about 6.0, it is preferred to carry out the curing step at a pH from about 6.0 to about 9.0.
- EXAMPLE 1 Two hundred twenty-five grams (2.18 moles) of diethylenetriamine and 100 grams of water were placed in a 3fnecked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer and condenser. To this was added 290 grams (2.0 moles) of adipic acid. After the acid had dissolved in the amine, the solution was heated to 185200 C. and held there for 1 /2 hours. Then vacuum from a water pump was applied to the flask during the period required for the contents of the flask to cool to 140 C. following which 430 grams of H 0 was added. The
- polyamide solution contained 52.3% solids and had an acid number of 2.1.
- Tacoma-bleached kraft was beaten to a Schopper- Riegler freeness of 750 cc. in a Noble and Wood cycle beater.
- the pulp was then adjusted to pH 9.0 with V 10% NaOH and 1.0%, based on the dry weight of pulp, of the polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin, prepared as described, was added.
- the pulp was sheeted on a. Noble and Wood handsheet machine using a closed system in which the white water contained p.p.m. sulfate ion and had been adjusted to pH 9.0 with 10% NaOH.
- a portion of the resulting handsheets were given an additional cure of 1 hour at C.
- the sheets were then soaked in distilled water for 2 hours and tested for wet strength. Results are listed in the table which follows Example 4.
- EXAMPLE 2 A polyamide was prepared from 319 grams (2.18 moles) of triethylenetetramine and 290 grams (2.0 moles) of adipic acid according to the procedure described in Example 1. The polyamide solution had a pH of 10.8, an acid number of 3.2 and contained 4.98% solids.
- EXAMPLE 3 A polyamide was prepared according to the procedure given in Example 1 using 225 grams (2.18 moles) of diethylenetriamine and 218 grams (1.5 moles) of adipic acid and 94 grams (0.5 mole) of azelaic acid. Fiftyseven and one-half grams of the polyamide solution (55% solids) were dissolved in grams of H 0 and heated to 50 C. To this were added 15 grams of epichlorohydrin over a period of 6 minutes. This solution was then heated at 6070 C. until the viscosity of the condensate reached E (Gardner). Then grams of H 0 were added and the product was cooled to 25 C. It was adjusted to pH 5.0 by adding 10 ml. of 3.7% HCl. The finished resin had a viscosity of B (Gardner) and contained 9.5% solids. It was evaluated in paper according to the procedure outlined in Example 1. Results are listed in the table following Example 4.
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was followed 'withthe (1) The reaction mixture was following exceptions. held between 180 C. and 195 C. for 45 minutes; (2) aspirator vacuum was used during this entire period; and (3) the mixture was cooled to 140 C. and diluted with 43 0 ml. of distilled water (80 0.). amide solution contained 52.4% total solids and had an acid number of 3.4.
- Tacoma bleached kraft waterleaf sheets were tubsized (BO-second dip) in a 2.0% aqueous solution of the resin, prepared as above described, and adjusted to pH 9.0 with 10% sodium hydroxide. The sheets were squeezed (roll) and drum dried. Half were cured at 105 C. for one hour and the cured and uncured sheets then soaked in distilled water for 2 hours and tested for Mullen burst. The Mullen burst (pounds per square inchaverage of .five determinations) was 10.8 for the ,uncured sheets and 15.2 for the cured sheets as compared with a Mullen burst of less than 1 for sheets which had not been treated with the resin.
- cell'ul'os'ic paper stock a Water-solublecationic thermosettingresin fo'rmed by"r'eactingepichlorohydrin with' a polyamide of 516 -0 saturated aliphatic' dibasic carbo'x'ylic acid and from about 0.8 'to about 1.4 moles,
- wet-strength paper which comprises addin'g to an aqueous suspension of cellulosic paper stock a water-soluble cationic thermosett-iiig resin" formed by reacting, at a temperature from abo'ut45 C.
- aliphatic diamine the amount'of said aliphatic diamine not exceeding 50% by weight of the polyalkylene polyamine, said polyamide containing secondary amine groups, the ratio of epichlorohydrin to secondary amine groups of said polyamide being from about 0.5 to 1 to about 1.8 to 1, adsorbing from about 0.15% of said resin on said paper stock, forming the stock so treated into a sheet, and heating the'sheet to cure the resin to a water-insoluble state.
- a process for the production of wet-strength paper which comprises incorporating therein from about 0.1% to about 5%, based on the dry weight of the paper, of a cationic thermosetting polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin obtained by (1) reacting a C -C saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acid with from about 0.8 to about 1.4 moles, per mole of dibasic carboxylic acid, of a polyalkylene polyamine at a temperature from about 110 C. to about 250 C. to form a polyamide containing secondary amine groups and (2) reacting the polyamide with epichlorohydrin at a temperature from about 45 C. to about 100 C. and at a ratio of epichlorohydrin to secondary amine groups of the polyamide of from about 0.5 to 1 to 1.8 to l to form a watersoluble cationic thermosetting resin, said resin having been cured to a water-insoluble state.
- a cationic thermosetting polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin obtained by (1) react
- a process for the production of wet-strength paper which comprises incorporating therein from about 0.1% to about 5%, based on the dry Weight of the paper, of a cationic thermosetting polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin obtained by (1) reacting a C -C saturated alyphatic dibasic carboxylic acid with a polyalkylene polyamine in a mole ratio of polyalkylene polyamine to dibasic acid of from about 0.8 to 1 to about 1.4 to 1 and at a temperature from about 160 C. to about 210 C. to form a polyamide containing secondary amine groups, and (2) reacting the polyamide with epichlorohydrin at a temperature from about 45 C. to about 70 C.
- a paper product having improved wet strength comprising sheeted cellulosic fibers containing -from about 0.1% to 5%, based on its dry weight, of a cationic thermosetting polyamide-ep'ichlorohydrin resin" obtained by (1) reacting a C -C saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acid with from about 0.8 to about 1.4 moles, per mole of dibasic acid, of a polyalkylene polyamine at a temperature. from about 110 C.t about 250 C. to form a polyamide containingsecondary amine groups and (2) reacting the polyamide with epichlorohydrin at a temperature from about ,45" C. to about 100 C. and at a ratio of epichlorohydrin to secondary amine groups of the polyamide of from about 0.5 to 1 to 1.8 to 1 to form a water-soluble pationic thermosetting resin, said resin having been cured to a water-insoluble state.
- a cationic thermosetting polyamide-ep'ichlorohydrin resin
- a paper product having improved wet strength comprising sheeted cellulosic fibers containing .from about 0.1% to 5%, based on its dry weight, of a cationic thermosetting polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin obtained by (1) reacting a 0 -0 saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acid with a polyalkylene polyamineina mole ra tion of polyalkylene polyamine to dibasic acid of from about 0.8 to 1 to about 1.4 to l and at a temperature from about 160 C. to about 210 C. to form a polyamide containing secondary amine groups, and (2) reacting the polyamide with epichlorohydrin at a temperature from about C. to about C. and in a ratio of epichlorohydrin to secondary amine groups of said polyamide of from about 0,5 to 1 to about 1.8 to 1,
- dibasic carboxylic acid is a C -C saturated aliphatic I dibasic carboxylic acid.
Description
WET-STRENGTH PAPER AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Gerald I. Keim, West Grove, Pa., assignor to Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application September 5, 1957 Serial No. 682,086
Claims. (Cl. 162-164) This invention relates to the manufacture of resintreated cellulosic fibers and fibrous products prepared therefrom and is directed particularly to a method for improving the wet strength of felted fibrous cellulosic materials such as paper, paperboard, shaped paper articles and the like. The invention includes the improved cellulosic fibers and fibrous products themselves as well as methods'of preparing these products from aqueous suspensions of fibrous cellulosic material such as paper pulp.
Commercial wet-strength resins presently available do not function efiectively at pHs much above 5.5. As a consequence, many grades of paper made on the alkaline side for various reasons such as'strength, softness, use.
of falkalinefillers and so on, cannot be wet-strengthened.
Moreover," the ldw pH required to effectively" use the acid-curing wet-strength resins presently available in creases machine corrosion and raises maintenance costs.
A principal object of the present invention is the pro vision of-ta ".mfilhod tor adding wet-strength to -any type of paper regardless of whetherit is produced under acid, neutral or alkalinerconditions.
Inaaccordance with'thednvention, the-above and other objects are accomplished'byapplying to fibrouscellulosic material such as paper pulp an uncured thermosetting In the preparation of the cationic resins :co-ntemplated for use herein, the dibasic carboxylic acid is first reacted with the polyalkylene'polyamine, preferably in aqueous solution,. underconditions.suchasto produce a-watersoluble polyamide containing-the recurring groups wh'eren and x are each 2 or more and 'Ris the divalent hydrocarbon radical of the dibasic carboxylic acid. This water-solublepolyamide is then reacted with epichloro hydrin to .form the water-soluble cationic therrnosetting resin.
The dicarboxylic acids contemplated for use in preparirigthe resins. of the invention .are the saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acidscontaining from 3'to 10carbon atoms such as succinic, adipic, azelaic and the like. The saturated dibasicacids having from 4'to 8carbon atoms inthe molecule are preferred." Blends of two or. more of the saturated 'dibasic carboxylic acids may;.also.
be used."
A variety of polyaltkylene polyamines including polyethylene polyamines, polypropylene polyamines, polybutYlenepo1yamines-and so "on may be employed of which It hasbeen found that resins of,
nited States Patent- 6 Z,926, l l6 Patented Feb. 23, 1960 the polyethylene polyamines represent an economically;
preferred class. More specifically, the polyalkylene polyamines contemplated for use may be represented as polyamines in which the nitrogen atoms are linked together by groups of the formula -C,,H where n is a small integer greater than unity and the number of such groups in themolecule ranges from two up to about eight. nitrogen atoms may be attached to adjacent carbon atoms in' 'the group -C,',H or to carbon atoms further apart, but not to the same carbon atom. This invention contemplates not only the use of such. polyamines as diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenep enta mine, and dipropylenetriamine, which can be obtained in' reasonably pure form, but also mixtures and. various crude polyamine materials. of polyethylenepolyamines obtained by the reaction of ammonia andethylene dichloride, refined only to the extent-of removal .of chlorides, water, excess ammonia, and ethylenediamine, is a very satisfactory starting material. The tennpolyalkylene polyamine employed in the claims, therefore, refers to and includes any of the polyalkylene polyamines referred to above or to a mixture of such polyalkylene polyamines.
It is desirable, in some cases, to increase the spacing of "secondary amino groups on the polyamide moleculeenediamine, h'examethylenediamine and the like for a portion ofth polyalkylene polyamine. For this purpose,-
up to about of the polyalkylene polyamine may be replaced by 'a molecularly equivalent amount of the diamine. will serve the purpose.
The temperatures employed for carrying out the reac tion between-the-dibasic-acid and the polyalkylene polyamine mayvary. from about C. to about 250 C. or-higher at atmospheric pressure.
reduced pressures are-employed, somewhat lower temperatures may-be'utiliz'ed. The time of reaction depends on'the temperatures and pressures utilized and will ordi'rlarily vary from about /2 to 2 hours, although shorter or 'longer reaction times may be utilized depending on reaction conditions. In any event, the reaction is desirably continued to substantial completion for best results.
In carrying-out the reaction, it is preferred to use anamount ofdibasic acid sufficie'nt to react substantially completelywith the primary-amine groups of the polyalltyle'ne polyamine but insufiicient to react with the sec-- ondary amine groups to any substantial extent. This will.usually require a mole ratio of polyalkylene polyamine to dibasic acid of from about 0.921 to about 1.2: 1.
However, mole ratios of from about 0.8:1 to about 1.4:1
may be used with quite satisfactory results. Mole ratios outsideof these ranges are generally unsatisfactory.
Thus; mole ratios below about 0.8:l result in a gelled product or one having a pronounced tendency to gel while mole ratios above 1.4:1 result in low molecular weight polyamides. Suchproducts do not produce efiicient wetstrength resins when reacted with epichlorohydrin.
In converting the polyamide, formed as above described," to :a -catio-nic thermosetting resin, it is reacted with. epichlorohydrin at a temperature from about 45 C. to about 100 C. and preferably between about 45 C. and 70''C. until'th'e viscosity of a 20% solids solution at 25 C. has reached about .Cv or higher on the Gardner- Holdt scale. This reaction is preferably carried out in aqueous' solution to moderateth'e reaction. pHadjustm'ent is usual ly notnecessary However, since the pHz; decreasesduringahe polymerization: phase of the reaction The For example, the mixture Usually; a replacement of about 50% or less' For most purposes; however,- temperatures-between about C. and 210" C(h'avebeen found satisfactory and are preferred. Where itmay be desirable, in some cases, to add alkali to combine with at least some of the acid formed. This will create an environment favoring the conversion of the chlorohydrin groups to epoxide groups, thereby increasing the ratio of the latter to the former.
When the desired viscosity is reached, sufiicient water is then added to adjust'the solids content of the resin solution to the desired amount, i.e., about 10% more or less, the product cooled to about 25 C. and then stabilized by adding suificient acid to reduce the pH at least to about 6 and preferably to about 5. Any suitable acid such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, formic, phosphoric and acetic acid may be used to stabilize the product. However, hydrochloric acid is preferred.
In the polyamide-epichlorohydrin reaction, it is preferred to use sufficient epichlorohydrin to convert all secondary amine groups to tertiary amine groups. However, more or less may be added to moderate or increase reaction rates. In general, satisfactory results may be obtained utilizing from about 0.5 me] to about 1.8 moles of epichlorohydrin for each secondary amine group of the polyamide. It is preferred to utilize from about 1.0 mole to about 1.5 moles for each secondary amine group of the polyarnide.
The cationic polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins, prepared as herein described, may be applied to paper or other felted cellulosic products by tub application or by spraying, if desired. Thus, for example, preformed and partially or completely dried paper may be impregnated by immersion in, or spraying with, an aqueous solution of the resin following which the paper may be heated for about 0.5 to 30 minutes at temperatures of 90 C. to 100 C. or higher to dry same and cure the resin to a water-insoluble condition. The resulting paper has greatly increased wet strength, and, therefore, this method is well suited for the impregnation of paper towels, absorbent tissue and the like as well as heavier stocks such as wrapping paper, bag paper and the like to impart wet strength characteristics thereto.
The preferred method of incorporating these resins in paper, however, is by internal addition prior to sheet formation whereby advantage is taken of the substantivity of the resins for hydrated cellulosic fibers. In practicing this method, an aqueous solution of the resin in its uncured and hydrophilic state is added to an aqueous suspension of paper stock in the beater, stock chest,
Jordan engine, fan pump, head box or at any other'suitable point ahead of sheet formation. The sheet is then formed and dried in the usual manner, thereby curing the resin to its polymerized and water-insoluble condition and imparting wet strength to the paper.
The cationic thermosetting resins herein disclosed impart wet strength to paper when present therein in amounts of about 0.1-% or more based on the dry weight of the paper. The quantity of resin to be added to the aqueous stock suspension will depend on the degree of wet strength desired in the finished product and on the amount of resin retained by the paper fibers.
The uncured cationic thermosetting resins of the invention, incorporated in paper in any suitable manner, as described above, may be cured under acid, neutral or alkaline conditions, i.e., at pHs from about 4.0 to 10, by subjecting the paper to a heat-treatment for about 0.5 to 30 minutes at a temperature from about 90 to 100 C. Optimum results, however, are obtained under alkaline conditions. In view of this, and the rather extensive corrosion of equipment encountered at pHs below about 6.0, it is preferred to carry out the curing step at a pH from about 6.0 to about 9.0.
The following examples will illustrate theinvention.
EXAMPLE 1 Two hundred twenty-five grams (2.18 moles) of diethylenetriamine and 100 grams of water were placed in a 3fnecked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer and condenser. To this was added 290 grams (2.0 moles) of adipic acid. After the acid had dissolved in the amine, the solution was heated to 185200 C. and held there for 1 /2 hours. Then vacuum from a water pump was applied to the flask during the period required for the contents of the flask to cool to 140 C. following which 430 grams of H 0 was added. The
polyamide solution contained 52.3% solids and had an acid number of 2.1.
To 60 grams of this polyamide solution in a roundbottom flask were added 225 grams of H 0. This solution was heated to 50 C. and 12.5 grams of epichlorohydrin were added dropwise over a period of 11 minutes. The contents of the flask was then heated to 60- 70 C. until it had attained a Gardner viscosity of E. Then 150 grams of H 0 were added to the product, and it was cooled to 25 C. Eleven mls. of 3.7% HCl were then added to adjust the pH to 5.0. The product contained 9.0% solids and had a Gardner viscosity of C-D.
Tacoma-bleached kraft was beaten to a Schopper- Riegler freeness of 750 cc. in a Noble and Wood cycle beater. The pulp was then adjusted to pH 9.0 with V 10% NaOH and 1.0%, based on the dry weight of pulp, of the polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin, prepared as described, was added. The pulp was sheeted on a. Noble and Wood handsheet machine using a closed system in which the white water contained p.p.m. sulfate ion and had been adjusted to pH 9.0 with 10% NaOH. A portion of the resulting handsheets were given an additional cure of 1 hour at C. The sheets were then soaked in distilled water for 2 hours and tested for wet strength. Results are listed in the table which follows Example 4.
EXAMPLE 2 A polyamide was prepared from 319 grams (2.18 moles) of triethylenetetramine and 290 grams (2.0 moles) of adipic acid according to the procedure described in Example 1. The polyamide solution had a pH of 10.8, an acid number of 3.2 and contained 4.98% solids.
Sixty-three grams of the polyamide solution was dissolved in 225 grams of H 0. This solution was stirred mechanically and heated to 50 C. Twenty-five grams of epichlorohydrin were added dropwise over a period of three minutes. The solution was then heated to 60- 70 C. until it reached a viscosity of E (Gardner). Then it was diluted with 225 grams of H 0, cooled to 25 C. and adjusted to pH 5.0 with 11 ml. of 3.7% HCl. The product containing 8.4% solids and having a. Gardner viscosity of C, was evaluated in bleached kraft pulp according to the procedure presented in Example 1. Results are listed in the table following Example 4.
EXAMPLE 3 A polyamide was prepared according to the procedure given in Example 1 using 225 grams (2.18 moles) of diethylenetriamine and 218 grams (1.5 moles) of adipic acid and 94 grams (0.5 mole) of azelaic acid. Fiftyseven and one-half grams of the polyamide solution (55% solids) were dissolved in grams of H 0 and heated to 50 C. To this were added 15 grams of epichlorohydrin over a period of 6 minutes. This solution was then heated at 6070 C. until the viscosity of the condensate reached E (Gardner). Then grams of H 0 were added and the product was cooled to 25 C. It was adjusted to pH 5.0 by adding 10 ml. of 3.7% HCl. The finished resin had a viscosity of B (Gardner) and contained 9.5% solids. It was evaluated in paper according to the procedure outlined in Example 1. Results are listed in the table following Example 4.
EXAMPLE 4 ..Sheets, of paper were prepared and tested for wet stre gth; tr mmers tiexceptrhttrnd resin was as: pdiat'ed." Theresult'sf*are set=forthiri the following table;
The following additional exammewin "further" illus'-" trate the invention where a portion .of the polyalkylene polyamine titilizetl 'ifpreparing the resinisreplaced by adiamine. Y
EXAMPLE-5' A polyamide was-prepared lfrom' therfollowing ingrei nts Diethylenetriaminena 204.4 grams (1.9 8rno1es). Ethylenediamine....- 14.0. grams (0.24 mol) Adipic acid 290Z0g'rarns (1.98 moles).
--.-.'1'00.0 grams. I
, The procedure of Example 1 was followed 'withthe (1) The reaction mixture was following exceptions. held between 180 C. and 195 C. for 45 minutes; (2) aspirator vacuum was used during this entire period; and (3) the mixture was cooled to 140 C. and diluted with 43 0 ml. of distilled water (80 0.). amide solution contained 52.4% total solids and had an acid number of 3.4.
To 60.5 grams of this polyamide solution were added 225.0 grams of H 0. This solution was heated to 50 The poly- C. and 11.25 grams of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise over a period of about 11 minutes. The solution was then heated to 7080 C. and held at this temperature until it had attained a viscosity of E Gardner-'Holdt. It was then diluted with 173 ml. of water and adjusted to pH 5.0 with dilute HCl. The product contained 8.9% solids and had a Gardner viscosity of B-C.
Tacoma bleached kraft waterleaf sheets were tubsized (BO-second dip) in a 2.0% aqueous solution of the resin, prepared as above described, and adjusted to pH 9.0 with 10% sodium hydroxide. The sheets were squeezed (roll) and drum dried. Half were cured at 105 C. for one hour and the cured and uncured sheets then soaked in distilled water for 2 hours and tested for Mullen burst. The Mullen burst (pounds per square inchaverage of .five determinations) was 10.8 for the ,uncured sheets and 15.2 for the cured sheets as compared with a Mullen burst of less than 1 for sheets which had not been treated with the resin.
It will thus be seen that the present invention makes it possible to prepare wet-strength paper under acid, neutral or alkaline conditions and by internal addition or by surface application. While preferred embodiments of the invention have been exemplified and described herein, the invention is not to be construed as limited thereby except-as the same may be included in the following claims.
What I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is: i
1. A process for the production of wet-strength paper.
cell'ul'os'ic paper stock a Water-solublecationic thermosettingresin fo'rmed by"r'eactingepichlorohydrin with' a polyamide of 516 -0 saturated aliphatic' dibasic carbo'x'ylic acid and from about 0.8 'to about 1.4 moles,
per l-hole; or dibasic acid of a polyalkylene polyamine. at a temperaturefrom about -45' C'. to about 100 C.,. said' polyaniide"acoiitaining secondary amine groups, the.
ratio of epichlorohydrin to secondary amine groups of said polya'mi'cle bein'g fromabout10.5 to 1 to about 1.8'
to=-1-, adsorbingfrom about. 0.1-5% of said resin on' saidpaper stock, formingthe stocks'o treated into a sheet,- and heating th'e sheet to cure the resin toa-water-insolw 3'5 pro'e'ess for the production of wet-strength paper which comprises addin'g to an aqueous suspension of cellulosic paper stock a water-soluble cationic thermosett-iiig resin" formed by reacting, at a temperature from abo'ut45 C. to"about"100C., epichlorohydrin witha polyamide of'a "Ci .satu'r'ated -aliphatic dibasic car.- box'ylic acidp fro about-018 to'about' 1.4 moles, per
aliphatic diamine, the amount'of said aliphatic diamine not exceeding 50% by weight of the polyalkylene polyamine, said polyamide containing secondary amine groups, the ratio of epichlorohydrin to secondary amine groups of said polyamide being from about 0.5 to 1 to about 1.8 to 1, adsorbing from about 0.15% of said resin on said paper stock, forming the stock so treated into a sheet, and heating the'sheet to cure the resin to a water-insoluble state.
4. A process for the production of wet-strength paper which comprises incorporating therein from about 0.1% to about 5%, based on the dry weight of the paper, of a cationic thermosetting polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin obtained by (1) reacting a C -C saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acid with from about 0.8 to about 1.4 moles, per mole of dibasic carboxylic acid, of a polyalkylene polyamine at a temperature from about 110 C. to about 250 C. to form a polyamide containing secondary amine groups and (2) reacting the polyamide with epichlorohydrin at a temperature from about 45 C. to about 100 C. and at a ratio of epichlorohydrin to secondary amine groups of the polyamide of from about 0.5 to 1 to 1.8 to l to form a watersoluble cationic thermosetting resin, said resin having been cured to a water-insoluble state.
5. A process for the production of wet-strength paper which comprises incorporating therein from about 0.1% to about 5%, based on the dry Weight of the paper, of a cationic thermosetting polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin obtained by (1) reacting a C -C saturated alyphatic dibasic carboxylic acid with a polyalkylene polyamine in a mole ratio of polyalkylene polyamine to dibasic acid of from about 0.8 to 1 to about 1.4 to 1 and at a temperature from about 160 C. to about 210 C. to form a polyamide containing secondary amine groups, and (2) reacting the polyamide with epichlorohydrin at a temperature from about 45 C. to about 70 C. and in a ratio of epichlorohydrin to secondary amine groups of said polyamide of from about 0.5 mi to about 1.8 to 1, and then curing the resin to a water-insoluble state. 6. A paper product having improved wet strength comprising sheeted cellulosic fibers containing from about 0.1% to 5%, based on its dry weight, of a cationic thermosetting resin, said resin comprising a watersoluble reaction product of epichlorohydrin and a poly. amide containing secondary amine groups, the ratio of epichlorohydrin to secondary amine groups of said poly- C =G saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acid and? a polya1kyle'i1e polyamiiie in a mo'le ratio ofpolyalkylene 5 polyamine -to dibasic-acid oi from about 0.8 .tor1 tov about 1.4" to lt and then-curing the resin=to a water-ins. soluble'-s'tat'e'.'-* i I 29A process tor the-production of wet strengthpaper 1 which comprises adding to an aqueous suspension of polyamide being obtained by heating'together ,at a temperature from about 110 C. to about 250. C. a C -C I saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acid and fro1nabout 0.8 to about 1.4 moles, per mole of dibasic acid, of a polyalkylene polyamine, saidresin having been cured to a water-insoluble state. 1 g
7. A paper product having improved wet strength comprising sheeted cellulosic fibers containing -from about 0.1% to 5%, based on its dry weight, of a cationic thermosetting polyamide-ep'ichlorohydrin resin" obtained by (1) reacting a C -C saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acid with from about 0.8 to about 1.4 moles, per mole of dibasic acid, of a polyalkylene polyamine at a temperature. from about 110 C.t about 250 C. to form a polyamide containingsecondary amine groups and (2) reacting the polyamide with epichlorohydrin at a temperature from about ,45" C. to about 100 C. and at a ratio of epichlorohydrin to secondary amine groups of the polyamide of from about 0.5 to 1 to 1.8 to 1 to form a water-soluble pationic thermosetting resin, said resin having been cured to a water-insoluble state. I
8. A paper product having improved wet strength comprising sheeted cellulosic fibers containing .from about 0.1% to 5%, based on its dry weight, of a cationic thermosetting polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin obtained by (1) reacting a 0 -0 saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acid with a polyalkylene polyamineina mole ra tion of polyalkylene polyamine to dibasic acid of from about 0.8 to 1 to about 1.4 to l and at a temperature from about 160 C. to about 210 C. to form a polyamide containing secondary amine groups, and (2) reacting the polyamide with epichlorohydrin at a temperature from about C. to about C. and in a ratio of epichlorohydrin to secondary amine groups of said polyamide of from about 0,5 to 1 to about 1.8 to 1,
9. A process in accordance with claim 5 in which the dibasic carboxylic acid is a C -C saturated aliphatic I dibasic carboxylic acid. a
10. A paper product in accordance with claim 8 in which the dibasic carboxylic acid is a C -C saturated aliphatic dibasiccarboxylic acid.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,595,935 Daniel et a1. May 6, 1952 FOREIGN-PATENTS 529,729 Canada Aug 28, 1956 610,311 Great Britain Oct. 14,1948
' r OTHER REFERENCES 1 Serial No. 323,512, Hagedorn (A.P.C.),. published- April 20, 1943.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No 2,926,116 February 23 1960 Gerald I. Keim It is herebfi certified that error appears in the-printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.
Column 2 line 3O for "th" read the ---5 column 8 lines 1 and 2 for ration read ratio Signed and sealed this. 23rd day of August- 1960 (SEAL) Attest: v KARL H; AXLINE ROBERT C. WATSON Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WET-STRENGTH PAPER WHICH COMPRISES INCORPORATING THEREIN FROM ABOUT 0.1% TO ABOUT 5%, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF THE PAPER, OF A CATIONIC THERMOSETTING RESIN, SAID RESIN COMPRISING A WATER-SOLUBLE REACTION PRODUCT OF EPICHLOROHYDRIN AND A POLAMIDE CONTAINING SECONDARY AMINE GROUPS, THE RATIO OF EPICHLOROHYDRIN TO SECONDARY AMINE GROUPS OF SAID POLYAMIDE BEING FROM ABOUT 0.5 TO 1 TO ABOUT 1.8 TO 1, SAID POLYAMIDE BEING OBTAINED BY HEATING TOGETHER AT A TEMPERATURE FROM ABOUT 110* C. TO ABOUT 250* C. A C3-C10 SATURATED ALIPHATIC DIBASIC CARBOXYLIC ACID AND A POLYALKYLENE POLYAMINE IN A MOLE RATIO OF POLYALKYLENE POLYAMINE TO DIBASIC ACID OF FROM ABOUT 0.8 TO 1 TO ABOUT 1.5 TO 1, AND THEN CURING THE RESIN TO A WATER IN SOLUBLE STATE.
Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL110447D NL110447C (en) | 1957-09-05 | ||
NL231136D NL231136A (en) | 1957-09-05 | ||
US447411A US1476116A (en) | 1921-02-24 | 1921-02-24 | Electrical heating or resistance unit |
US682086A US2926116A (en) | 1957-09-05 | 1957-09-05 | Wet-strength paper and method of making same |
GB26945/58A GB865727A (en) | 1957-09-05 | 1958-08-21 | Improvements in or relating to resins |
DEH34226A DE1177824B (en) | 1957-09-05 | 1958-09-02 | Process for the production of water-soluble condensates based on polyamides and epichlorohydrin |
DE1546369A DE1546369C3 (en) | 1957-09-05 | 1958-09-02 | Process for making paper, paperboard and the like with improved wet strength. Eliminated from: 1177824 |
FR38672A FR1265829A (en) | 1957-09-05 | 1958-09-05 | Improvements to resins obtained by reaction of a polyamide with epichlorohydrin |
US796743A US2926154A (en) | 1957-09-05 | 1959-03-03 | Cationic thermosetting polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins and process of making same |
US792161*A US3483077A (en) | 1957-09-05 | 1969-01-17 | Process of forming paper containing additaments and polyamide - epichlorohydrin resin |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US68208957A | 1957-09-05 | 1957-09-05 | |
US682086A US2926116A (en) | 1957-09-05 | 1957-09-05 | Wet-strength paper and method of making same |
US69493057A | 1957-11-07 | 1957-11-07 | |
US694909A US3049469A (en) | 1957-11-07 | 1957-11-07 | Application of coating or impregnating materials to fibrous material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2926116A true US2926116A (en) | 1960-02-23 |
Family
ID=27505392
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US682086A Expired - Lifetime US2926116A (en) | 1921-02-24 | 1957-09-05 | Wet-strength paper and method of making same |
US792161*A Expired - Lifetime US3483077A (en) | 1957-09-05 | 1969-01-17 | Process of forming paper containing additaments and polyamide - epichlorohydrin resin |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US792161*A Expired - Lifetime US3483077A (en) | 1957-09-05 | 1969-01-17 | Process of forming paper containing additaments and polyamide - epichlorohydrin resin |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US2926116A (en) |
DE (2) | DE1546369C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1265829A (en) |
GB (1) | GB865727A (en) |
NL (2) | NL110447C (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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NL110447C (en) | |
FR1265829A (en) | 1961-07-07 |
NL231136A (en) | |
DE1546369C3 (en) | 1974-11-21 |
DE1546369B2 (en) | 1974-04-04 |
DE1177824B (en) | 1964-09-10 |
US3483077A (en) | 1969-12-09 |
GB865727A (en) | 1961-04-19 |
DE1546369A1 (en) | 1970-05-21 |
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