US3018205A - Cellular structure and method of manufacture - Google Patents

Cellular structure and method of manufacture Download PDF

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US3018205A
US3018205A US792134A US79213459A US3018205A US 3018205 A US3018205 A US 3018205A US 792134 A US792134 A US 792134A US 79213459 A US79213459 A US 79213459A US 3018205 A US3018205 A US 3018205A
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sides
length
strip
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Barut Victor Jacques
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/70—Door leaves
    • E06B3/7015—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels
    • E06B3/7017—Door leaves characterised by the filling between two external panels of grating type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
    • B21D3/02—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D47/00—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/22—Corrugating
    • B29C53/24—Corrugating of plates or sheets
    • B29C53/28—Corrugating of plates or sheets transverse to direction of feed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
    • B31D3/00—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board
    • B31D3/02—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board honeycombed structures, i.e. the cells having an essentially hexagonal section
    • B31D3/0223—Making honeycomb cores, e.g. by piling a plurality of web sections or sheets
    • B31D3/0276—Plane webs having essentially transverse adhesive strips being folded transversely into stacks or being cut transversely into sections which are piled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C3/00—Wings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/44—Applications of resilient shock-absorbing materials, e.g. foamed plastics material, honeycomb material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/36—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
    • E04C2/365—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels by honeycomb structures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1003—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina by separating laminae between spaced secured areas [e.g., honeycomb expanding]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
    • Y10T428/24165—Hexagonally shaped cavities
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
    • Y10T428/24669—Aligned or parallel nonplanarities
    • Y10T428/24686—Pleats or otherwise parallel adjacent folds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a honeycomb or cell structure of the type employed especially for the fillings or linings of various kinds of constructions known as sandwiches, panels, partitions, etc. for the building trade, aircraft construction, etc.
  • Pro-forming makes it possible to give the cells varied geometrical patterns, but their manufacture is complicated and costly; this method of construction is therefore very little used. From the economic point of view, the preference goes to the structures which are obtained by gluing when flat and which are subsequently expanded. But in practice this method of procedure limits the structure to a substantially hexagonal form known as a honeycomb. In addition, the expansion reduces the width with respect to that of the initial block before expansion. Furthermore, the expansion does not take place in a uniform manner; it is more pronounced at the ends than at the centre, and the structure tends to have a concave profile along its longitudinal edges.
  • the present invention has for its object a structure of the kind consisting of bands or sheets which are glued and subsequently expanded, which not only avoids these disadvantages while keeping the manufacture simple and cheap, but after expansion provides panels having a width which is at least twice that of the original block.
  • This structure is characterised in that it is composed of bands having alternating folds in the shape of two Zs joined back to back and glued to each other on the lower and upper faces of the folds.
  • Double folds are understood to mean folds of the type commonly referred to as box pleats, in which the band comprises alternately a fold in one direction and a fold in the other direction.
  • this double pleat two equal lengths of the band are coupled together by a smaller element, the length of which is at least equal to half the length of the band; the successive bands are superimposed with a respective shift corresponding to this half-length.
  • the gluing is effected by two lengths arranged one on the other, having in practice a displacement or shift of one band by one half-length with respect to the adjacent band, or by supplying from two different folding machines.
  • the structure thus formed is expanded by a tractive pull on its opposite edges.
  • the maximum expansion in a given direction gives rise to a unit having square or rectangular cells, the sides of which are displaced by one row with respect to the next.
  • This manufacturing process may be carried out in a continuous manner.
  • the machines which are usually employed for folding textile fabrics may be used.
  • the gluing and the subsequent cutting-out operation are carried out by the usual means.
  • FIG. 1 is a view of the structure before expansion.
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure normally expanded.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further method of expansion.
  • FIG. 4 is a view illustrating the method of construction.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the manufacturing process.
  • the structure in accordance with the invention is formed by a succession of glued bands.
  • Each band has a double fold, that is to say, comprising: a portion 10 having a length a, two portions 11 having a shorter length, folded back on the portion 10 and attached to a portion 12 having a length a, which is itself coupled to the next portion 10 by a fold 11.
  • the bands thus folded are placed side by side, and the portion 10 of one band is glued to the portion 12 of the preceding band.
  • the assembly of the glued bands together thus cornprises incipent cells, each in the form of an irregular convex hexagon, each hexagon having the portions 1012 as its long opposite sides, and the folds 11 as its small lateral sides.
  • the portions 11 may be more or less pronounced. It is on the length of these portions that the final expansion of the structure depends.
  • These portions 11 are preferably given a length which is substantially equal to half the length a of the portions 10 and 12.
  • the structure which has just been described may be made of any material: cardboard, paper (whether impregnated or not), metal, plastic material, etc.
  • the gluing operation may be carried out by using any of the usual adhesives, or alternatively by a thermo-plastic effect. If the material used is a metal, the joint may be effected by welding or brazing.
  • the structure in its expanded form is used as a filling or lining for all uses that may be desired. It may be associated with coverings of all materials: plywood, metal, plaster, plaster-board (known as Placoplatre), asbestoscement, etc., so as to form panels, partitions or other constructional members.
  • a structure of this kind has excellent properties of strength, and especially of a uniformstrengthat all its points, by reason of the regular and intersected alignment of the square cells.
  • the length of the portions 11 should preferably be chosen so as to be equal to half the length of the portions or 12. In this Way, the two foldsll are folded back on 12 so as completely to overlap the necessary portions 12.
  • a coating 23 of adhesive (and especially of glue), is laid on the band thus folded, and a further identical band is laid on to the glue.
  • This second hand is however displaced or reversed with respect to the first, so that its portions 10 are glued to the portions 12 of the preceding band 20.
  • the band 20' is then coated with glue at 23' in order to receive a further band 20" and so on.
  • the sheet 24 passes between the blades 28-29 (which are suitably spaced apart) to which are given motions adapted to form double folds as shown at 30.
  • the sheet 30 thus folded receives a coating of glue from the roller 31. It is then cut-off transversely into elements of suitable length and these elements fall into a central passage in which they are superimposed one on the other with the required displacement, and are glued to each other at 32.
  • a cellular structure comprising a plurality of strips each having a plurality of elongated sides of equal length in one plane, a plurality of further elongated sides of the same equal length as said elongated sides in another plane parallelly spaced from said one plane, angular sides which are half the length of said elongated sides connecting one end of each of said elongated sides with an adjacent end of said further elongated sides to form box pleats, each strip of box pleats placed adjacent a Succeeding strip of box pleats such that said elongated-sides of each strip are attached throughout their entire area to said further elongated sides of an adjacent strip thereby forming a-plurality of flexible areas in said structure consisting of an elongated side of one strip, a coextensive further elongated side of an adjacent strip, and their respective angular sides, and said structure being expansible simultaneously in two directions atright angles to each other through triangular rectangular, and hexagonal afirst series of straight sides of equal
  • each element capable of being flattened so that each angular side has one surface in contact with the inner surface of the side of said first series of straight sides to which it is connected and the other surface in contact with the inner surface of the side of said second series of straight sides to which it is connected, the sidesof each of said first series of straight sides connected substantially throughout their entire area to the adjacent sides of said second series of straight sides, and said structure being expansible simultaneously in two different directions at right angles to each other to a hexagonal configuration.
  • a cellular structure comprising a plurality of bands attached to each other throughout said structure at designated areas, each band folded at predetermined transverse places to form box pleats consisting of a plurality of first longitudinal segments of equal length, a plurality of second longitudinal segments of the same length as said first longitudinal segments, said second longitudinal segments spaced in offset relationship from said first longi-tudinal segments, one end of one of said first longitudinal segments connected to one end of an angular segment of half the length of said longitudinal segments, the other end of said angular segment connected to one end of one of said second longitudinal segments adjacent to the one of said first longitudinal segments, each of the other ends of said first and second longitudinal .segments connected by an angular segment in like manner throughout each band to form dove-shaped corrugations therein, said first longitudinal segments of each band attached throughout its entire area to said second longitudinal segments of an adjacent band of said cellular structure such that the base of each band is coextensive with the base of each adjacent band, and after formation said structure being expansible simultaneously in two directions at right angles
  • a cellular structure comprising a plurality of elements having dovetai-l shaped corrugations consisting of top portions and bottom portions of equal length and connecting angular sides of half the length thereof, each top portion of each element is attached in coextensive manner throughout its entire area to each bottom portion of an adjacent element, each bottom portion of each elementis coextensive with each top portion of each .element of an adjacent element upon being folded fiat, a plurality of flexible areas define-d and delimited by the coextensive top and bottom portions along with their connecting sides throughout said structure, and said structures being expansible in two directions at right angles to each other while each flexible area therein is distorted through triangular, rectangular, and. hexagonal configurations.
  • a method of manufacture of cellular structure comprising the steps of transversely folding sheets of material into dovetail-shaped corrugations consisting of top surfaces and bottom surfaces of equal length and connecting angular sides of half the length of said top and bottom surfaces, attaching the top surfaces of one sheet of material to the bottom surfaces of an adjacent sheet of material throughout their entire area such that each "bottom surface of each sheet of material is coextensive with a top surface of an adjacent sheet of material and a plurality of flexible areas is formed by the top and bottom surfaces along with their respective sides throughout the cellular structure, and simultaneously unfolding the structure in two directions at right angles to each other forming successively triangular, rectangular, and hexagonal configurations.
  • a method according to claim 5 which comprises cutting the attached sheets at right angles to the transverse folds forming the dovetail-shaped corrugations at prede- References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Lantzke July 14, 1896 6 Ford Feb. 4, 1919 Olson Aug. 27, 1929 Steele et a1 Apr. 6, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS Italy 1 Sept. 20, 1949 Canada May 15, 1956

Description

v. J. BARUT 3,018,205 CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND METHOD 0? MANUFACTURE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jan. 23, 1962 Filed Feb. 9, 1959 Jan. 23, 1962 v. JIBARUT 3,
CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE Filed Feb. 9, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent 3,018,205 CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE Victor Jacques Barut, 4 Rue de Civry, Paris, France Filed Feb. 9, 1959, Ser. No. 792,134 Claims priority, application France Feb. 25, 1958 6 Claims. (Cl. 154-45) The present invention relates to a honeycomb or cell structure of the type employed especially for the fillings or linings of various kinds of constructions known as sandwiches, panels, partitions, etc. for the building trade, aircraft construction, etc.
A large number of structures of this kind are already known, from square or rectangular networks obtained by means of notched strips or hands assembled together, to various geometrical shapes produced by means of glued bands. Amongst these latter, some are obtained by means of bands previously shaped so as to form halfhoneycomb structures of any shape, and successive bands are glued together at their areas of contact. Others are produced by means of bands which are glued while flat, with staggered gluing zones, this operation being followed by an expansion which results in the unfolding of the cells between the glued zones.
Each kind of cell structure with glued bands has its advantages and its drawbacks.
Pro-forming makes it possible to give the cells varied geometrical patterns, but their manufacture is complicated and costly; this method of construction is therefore very little used. From the economic point of view, the preference goes to the structures which are obtained by gluing when flat and which are subsequently expanded. But in practice this method of procedure limits the structure to a substantially hexagonal form known as a honeycomb. In addition, the expansion reduces the width with respect to that of the initial block before expansion. Furthermore, the expansion does not take place in a uniform manner; it is more pronounced at the ends than at the centre, and the structure tends to have a concave profile along its longitudinal edges.
The present invention has for its object a structure of the kind consisting of bands or sheets which are glued and subsequently expanded, which not only avoids these disadvantages while keeping the manufacture simple and cheap, but after expansion provides panels having a width which is at least twice that of the original block.
This structure is characterised in that it is composed of bands having alternating folds in the shape of two Zs joined back to back and glued to each other on the lower and upper faces of the folds.
Double folds are understood to mean folds of the type commonly referred to as box pleats, in which the band comprises alternately a fold in one direction and a fold in the other direction. Ina particular form of this double pleat, two equal lengths of the band are coupled together by a smaller element, the length of which is at least equal to half the length of the band; the successive bands are superimposed with a respective shift corresponding to this half-length.
The gluing is effected by two lengths arranged one on the other, having in practice a displacement or shift of one band by one half-length with respect to the adjacent band, or by supplying from two different folding machines.
The structure thus formed is expanded by a tractive pull on its opposite edges. The maximum expansion in a given direction gives rise to a unit having square or rectangular cells, the sides of which are displaced by one row with respect to the next. When expanded, it is found that both the length and width of this structure are increased at the same time.
3,018,205 Patented Jan. 23, 1962 This structure is produced by gluing while flat. It may be obtained by the use of bands or sheets, the sheets or bands being folded and then glued and expanded. When sheets are used, the product obtained may be cut up into sections before expansion.
This manufacturing process may be carried out in a continuous manner. For the folding operation, the machines which are usually employed for folding textile fabrics may be used. The gluing and the subsequent cutting-out operation are carried out by the usual means.
The accompanying drawings show the structure in accordance with the invention, and one of its methods of manufacture.
FIG. 1 is a view of the structure before expansion.
FIG. 2 shows the structure normally expanded.
FIG. 3 shows a further method of expansion.
FIG. 4 is a view illustrating the method of construction.
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the manufacturing process.
The structure in accordance with the invention is formed by a succession of glued bands. Each band has a double fold, that is to say, comprising: a portion 10 having a length a, two portions 11 having a shorter length, folded back on the portion 10 and attached to a portion 12 having a length a, which is itself coupled to the next portion 10 by a fold 11. The bands thus folded are placed side by side, and the portion 10 of one band is glued to the portion 12 of the preceding band.
The assembly of the glued bands together thus cornprises incipent cells, each in the form of an irregular convex hexagon, each hexagon having the portions 1012 as its long opposite sides, and the folds 11 as its small lateral sides.
The portions 11 may be more or less pronounced. It is on the length of these portions that the final expansion of the structure depends.
These portions 11 are preferably given a length which is substantially equal to half the length a of the portions 10 and 12.
When the structure is pulled out in the direction of the arrows A, at right angles to the bands, it takes the shape shown in FIG. 2, forming at its maximum expansion a network of rectangular or square cells 13, the sides of which have the length a of the portions Ill-12 and twice the length of the portions 11, that is to say this length is also a if the length of the portions 11 is a/2. These cells are aligned in rows touching each other. Each row is displaced from that adjoining by the length of half the side 11. The sides of each cell are formed on the one hand by the portions 10 and 12 of two adjacent bands which are glued together; on the other hand, by the portions 11 forming the folds which are straightened out in alignment.
It is to be observed that if, starting from FIG. 2, the cellular structure is drawn-out in the direction of the arrows B-B and parallel to the bands, this produces hexagonal cells as shown in FIG. 3, although the hexagons are irregular, the sides 11 being of shorter length than the opposite sides 10-12.
The structure which has just been described may be made of any material: cardboard, paper (whether impregnated or not), metal, plastic material, etc. The gluing operation may be carried out by using any of the usual adhesives, or alternatively by a thermo-plastic effect. If the material used is a metal, the joint may be effected by welding or brazing.
The structure in its expanded form is used as a filling or lining for all uses that may be desired. It may be associated with coverings of all materials: plywood, metal, plaster, plaster-board (known as Placoplatre), asbestoscement, etc., so as to form panels, partitions or other constructional members.
A structure of this kind has excellent properties of strength, and especially of a uniformstrengthat all its points, by reason of the regular and intersected alignment of the square cells.
It may be constructed by starting with bands 20 (FIG. 4), in which are formed the folds 21, 22 of opposite directions by a folding process.
The length of the portions 11 should preferably be chosen so as to be equal to half the length of the portions or 12. In this Way, the two foldsll are folded back on 12 so as completely to overlap the necessary portions 12.
A coating 23 of adhesive (and especially of glue), is laid on the band thus folded, and a further identical band is laid on to the glue. This second hand is however displaced or reversed with respect to the first, so that its portions 10 are glued to the portions 12 of the preceding band 20.
The band 20' is then coated with glue at 23' in order to receive a further band 20" and so on.
"Instead of starting with bands, and this method is generally more efiective, it is possible to start with sheets 24 (FIG. 5) supplied from a roller 25 and guided by rollers 2627.
The sheet 24 passes between the blades 28-29 (which are suitably spaced apart) to which are given motions adapted to form double folds as shown at 30.
The sheet 30 thus folded receives a coating of glue from the roller 31. It is then cut-off transversely into elements of suitable length and these elements fall into a central passage in which they are superimposed one on the other with the required displacement, and are glued to each other at 32.
The assembly of sheet elements thus fixed together is then cut-off along the lines 33 which are separated by the distance which corresponds to the thickness of the structure to be produced. Blocks are thus obtained which are then expanded as explained above and as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
It will of course be understood that the method of manufacture which has been described and shown has no restrictive nature, and any other method of operation could be adopted without thereby departing from the spirit or the scopeof the present invention.
What I claim is:
1. A cellular structure comprising a plurality of strips each having a plurality of elongated sides of equal length in one plane, a plurality of further elongated sides of the same equal length as said elongated sides in another plane parallelly spaced from said one plane, angular sides which are half the length of said elongated sides connecting one end of each of said elongated sides with an adjacent end of said further elongated sides to form box pleats, each strip of box pleats placed adjacent a Succeeding strip of box pleats such that said elongated-sides of each strip are attached throughout their entire area to said further elongated sides of an adjacent strip thereby forming a-plurality of flexible areas in said structure consisting of an elongated side of one strip, a coextensive further elongated side of an adjacent strip, and their respective angular sides, and said structure being expansible simultaneously in two directions atright angles to each other through triangular rectangular, and hexagonal afirst series of straight sides of equal length disposed in a first plane, a second series of straight sides of the same length as said first series of straight sides disposed in a second plane spaced from and parallel to said first plane,
a plurality of angular sides which are half the lengthof said first and second series of straight sides interconnecting 'said first and second series of straight sides such that one end of an angular side is connected to one end of one side of said first seriesof straight'sides while the other end of said angular side is connected to one end of one side of said second series of straight sides which is contiguous to the one side of said first series of straight sides, each element capable of being flattened so that each angular side has one surface in contact with the inner surface of the side of said first series of straight sides to which it is connected and the other surface in contact with the inner surface of the side of said second series of straight sides to which it is connected, the sidesof each of said first series of straight sides connected substantially throughout their entire area to the adjacent sides of said second series of straight sides, and said structure being expansible simultaneously in two different directions at right angles to each other to a hexagonal configuration.
3. A cellular structure comprising a plurality of bands attached to each other throughout said structure at designated areas, each band folded at predetermined transverse places to form box pleats consisting of a plurality of first longitudinal segments of equal length, a plurality of second longitudinal segments of the same length as said first longitudinal segments, said second longitudinal segments spaced in offset relationship from said first longi-tudinal segments, one end of one of said first longitudinal segments connected to one end of an angular segment of half the length of said longitudinal segments, the other end of said angular segment connected to one end of one of said second longitudinal segments adjacent to the one of said first longitudinal segments, each of the other ends of said first and second longitudinal .segments connected by an angular segment in like manner throughout each band to form dove-shaped corrugations therein, said first longitudinal segments of each band attached throughout its entire area to said second longitudinal segments of an adjacent band of said cellular structure such that the base of each band is coextensive with the base of each adjacent band, and after formation said structure being expansible simultaneously in two directions at right angles to each other through triangular, rectangular, and hexagonal configurations.
4. A cellular structure comprising a plurality of elements having dovetai-l shaped corrugations consisting of top portions and bottom portions of equal length and connecting angular sides of half the length thereof, each top portion of each element is attached in coextensive manner throughout its entire area to each bottom portion of an adjacent element, each bottom portion of each elementis coextensive with each top portion of each .element of an adjacent element upon being folded fiat, a plurality of flexible areas define-d and delimited by the coextensive top and bottom portions along with their connecting sides throughout said structure, and said structures being expansible in two directions at right angles to each other while each flexible area therein is distorted through triangular, rectangular, and. hexagonal configurations.
5. A method of manufacture of cellular structure comprising the steps of transversely folding sheets of material into dovetail-shaped corrugations consisting of top surfaces and bottom surfaces of equal length and connecting angular sides of half the length of said top and bottom surfaces, attaching the top surfaces of one sheet of material to the bottom surfaces of an adjacent sheet of material throughout their entire area such that each "bottom surface of each sheet of material is coextensive with a top surface of an adjacent sheet of material and a plurality of flexible areas is formed by the top and bottom surfaces along with their respective sides throughout the cellular structure, and simultaneously unfolding the structure in two directions at right angles to each other forming successively triangular, rectangular, and hexagonal configurations.
6. A method according to claim 5 which comprises cutting the attached sheets at right angles to the transverse folds forming the dovetail-shaped corrugations at prede- References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Lantzke July 14, 1896 6 Ford Feb. 4, 1919 Olson Aug. 27, 1929 Steele et a1 Apr. 6, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS Italy 1 Sept. 20, 1949 Canada May 15, 1956

Claims (1)

1. A CELLULAR STRUCTURE COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF STRIPS EACH HAVING A PLURALITY OF ELONGATED SIDES OF EQUAL LENGTH IN ONE PLANE, A PLURALITY OF FURTHER ELONGATED SIDES OF THE SAME EQUAL LENGTH AS SAID ELONGATED SIDES IN ANOTHER PLANE PARALLELLY SPACED FROM SAID ONE PLANE, ANGULAR SIDES WHICH ARE HALF THE LENGTH OF SAID ELONGATED SIDES CONNECTING ONE END OF EACH OF SAID ELONGATED SIDES WITH AN ADJACENT END OF SAID FURTHER ELONGATED SIDES TO FORM BOX PLEATS, EACH STRIP OF BOX PLEATS PLACED ADJACENT A SUCCEEDING STRIP OF BOX PLEATS SUCH THAT SAID ELONGATED SIDES OF EACH STRIP ARE ATTACHED THROUGHOUT THEIR ENTIRE AREA TO SAID FURTHER ELONGATED SIDES OF AN ADJACENT STRIP THEREBY FORMING A PLURALITY OF FLEXIBLE AREAS IN SAID STRUCTURE CONSISTING OF AN ELONGATED SIDE OF ONE STRIP, A COEXTENSIVE FURTHER ELONGATED SIDE OF AN ADJACENT STRIP, AND THEIR RESPECTIVE ANGULAR SIDES, AND SAID STRUCTURE BEING EXPANSIBLE SIMULTANEOUSLY IN TWO DIRECTIONS AT RIGHT ANGLES TO EACH OTHER THROUGH TRIANGULAR, RECTANGULAR, AND HEXAGONAL CONFIGURATIONS.
US792134A 1958-02-25 1959-02-09 Cellular structure and method of manufacture Expired - Lifetime US3018205A (en)

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US3227600A (en) * 1962-12-18 1966-01-04 Kenneth M Holland Formable honeycomb
US3432379A (en) * 1965-10-22 1969-03-11 Atomic Energy Commission Three dimensional flexible dovetail honeycomb
US3501367A (en) * 1966-11-14 1970-03-17 Boyd J Parker Honeycomb core structure
US3635515A (en) * 1970-02-11 1972-01-18 Moday Inc Car top cabin
US3640798A (en) * 1969-04-16 1972-02-08 Douglas Deeds Composite structural core assembly
US3724825A (en) * 1970-09-24 1973-04-03 Rigips Stempel Gmbh Insert for treating fluids and gases
US3757468A (en) * 1970-02-02 1973-09-11 Circle Tekkogo K K Seedling grower and method of planting seedling cultivated in the seedling grower
US3818634A (en) * 1971-08-09 1974-06-25 Stewart Plastics Ltd Tray
US3834074A (en) * 1970-02-02 1974-09-10 Circle Tekkojo Kk Seedling grower and method of planting seedling cultivated in the seedling grower
US3892898A (en) * 1971-10-15 1975-07-01 Shinjiro Yasui Panel core
US3991245A (en) * 1974-09-18 1976-11-09 Hexcel Corporation Flexible honeycomb structure
US4027058A (en) * 1975-07-23 1977-05-31 Wootten William A Folded structural panel
US4135018A (en) * 1976-08-05 1979-01-16 Corning Glass Works Thermal shock resistant honeycomb structures
US4136846A (en) * 1976-12-20 1979-01-30 Boeing Commercial Airplane Company Composite structure
US4231186A (en) * 1976-06-09 1980-11-04 Lannen Tehtaat Oy Group of pots for nursing and replanting plants
US4294875A (en) * 1978-08-31 1981-10-13 Schramm Arthur G Insulation panel
US4388354A (en) * 1978-03-21 1983-06-14 Suominen Heikki S Tubular insulating curtain and method of manufacture
US4485568A (en) * 1983-03-25 1984-12-04 Landi Curtis L Insole
US4500583A (en) * 1983-09-12 1985-02-19 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Honeycomb structure
US4676855A (en) * 1985-10-25 1987-06-30 Hunter Douglas, Inc. Method of fabricating honeycomb structures
EP0227247A2 (en) * 1985-11-07 1987-07-01 Hunter Douglas Industries B.V. Method of making a honeycomb structure from joined single pleat material
US4843664A (en) * 1987-08-20 1989-07-04 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defense Expanding insulating pad
US4861404A (en) * 1987-08-28 1989-08-29 Hunter Douglas Inc. Method of making a honeycomb product
US4943454A (en) * 1987-08-28 1990-07-24 Hunter Douglas, Inc. Expandable collapsible product and method and apparatus for its manufacture
US4950522A (en) * 1985-12-24 1990-08-21 Ford Motor Company Plastic construction member for a motor vehicle
WO1991001186A1 (en) * 1989-07-14 1991-02-07 National Research Development Corporation Core layers
US5039567A (en) * 1989-12-04 1991-08-13 Supracor Systems, Inc. Resilient panel having anisotropic flexing characteristics and method of making same
US5180619A (en) * 1989-12-04 1993-01-19 Supracor Systems, Inc. Perforated honeycomb
NL9202137A (en) * 1992-12-10 1994-07-01 Lundex Groep Bv Plank
US5389059A (en) * 1992-07-22 1995-02-14 Corwin; Charles H. Honeycomb structural material
US5405483A (en) * 1987-08-28 1995-04-11 Hunter Douglas, Inc. Apparatus for forming pleated material
US5426898A (en) * 1991-09-26 1995-06-27 V. Kann Rasmussen Industri A/S Leadfree roof flashing material
US5601521A (en) * 1994-05-10 1997-02-11 Videcart, S.A. Method for manufacturing a divider for a cardboard box
US5771680A (en) * 1995-12-21 1998-06-30 General Electric Company Stiffened composite structures and method of making thereof
US5840400A (en) * 1989-12-04 1998-11-24 Supracor Systems, Inc. Perforated core honeycomb panel system
US5876831A (en) * 1997-05-13 1999-03-02 Lockheed Martin Corporation High thermal conductivity plugs for structural panels
US6485025B1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2002-11-26 Neomet Limited Metallic cellular structure
US20050155255A1 (en) * 2004-01-20 2005-07-21 Susan Wilson Multi-layer honeycomb sole
US20060123542A1 (en) * 2004-12-10 2006-06-15 Susan Wilson Honeycomb mattress support
US20060280904A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2006-12-14 Marson James E Film-based cellular matrix
US20110013299A1 (en) * 2009-01-22 2011-01-20 Cascade Designs, Inc. Cellular Matrix with Integrated Radiant and/or Convection Barriers Particularly for Use with Inflatable Bodies
KR20110128305A (en) * 2009-02-16 2011-11-29 인오션 에이에스 Independent tank system for storing liquid gas
WO2012008883A1 (en) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-19 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Интер-Ремонт" Honeycomb material
US20120177874A1 (en) * 2008-02-12 2012-07-12 Brandon Anthony S Fiber reinforced core panel
ITMI20122210A1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-21 Foster S P A METHOD TO OBTAIN A STAINLESS STEEL WORKTOP OF LIMITED THICKNESS OF A KITCHEN AND PLAN IT SO IT HAS OBTAINED
US20140210232A1 (en) * 2013-01-30 2014-07-31 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Armrest for a door of a motor vehicle
CN101969819B (en) * 2008-01-22 2015-06-03 凯斯凯德设计有限公司 Cellular matrix with integrated radiant and/or convection barriers particularly for use with inflatabel bodies
US9126374B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2015-09-08 Russell B. Hanson Iso-grid composite component
US20160345097A1 (en) * 2015-05-20 2016-11-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Audio-Technica Diaphragm, electroacoustic transducer, and electroacoustic transducer apparatus
WO2019081766A1 (en) * 2017-10-27 2019-05-02 Technische Universität Berlin Auxetic structure and a method for manufacturing an auxetic structure
US10556413B2 (en) 2015-09-11 2020-02-11 JELD-WEN UK, Ltd. Method for assembly of recessed panel doors
US11559917B2 (en) 2020-05-08 2023-01-24 Jeld-Wen, Inc. Drop roller press and method of making recessed panel doors

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DE102013008026A1 (en) * 2013-05-03 2014-11-06 Technische Universität Dresden Process for producing moldable honeycomb cores

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Cited By (63)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3227600A (en) * 1962-12-18 1966-01-04 Kenneth M Holland Formable honeycomb
US3432379A (en) * 1965-10-22 1969-03-11 Atomic Energy Commission Three dimensional flexible dovetail honeycomb
US3501367A (en) * 1966-11-14 1970-03-17 Boyd J Parker Honeycomb core structure
US3640798A (en) * 1969-04-16 1972-02-08 Douglas Deeds Composite structural core assembly
US3834074A (en) * 1970-02-02 1974-09-10 Circle Tekkojo Kk Seedling grower and method of planting seedling cultivated in the seedling grower
US3757468A (en) * 1970-02-02 1973-09-11 Circle Tekkogo K K Seedling grower and method of planting seedling cultivated in the seedling grower
US3635515A (en) * 1970-02-11 1972-01-18 Moday Inc Car top cabin
US3724825A (en) * 1970-09-24 1973-04-03 Rigips Stempel Gmbh Insert for treating fluids and gases
US3818634A (en) * 1971-08-09 1974-06-25 Stewart Plastics Ltd Tray
US3892898A (en) * 1971-10-15 1975-07-01 Shinjiro Yasui Panel core
US3991245A (en) * 1974-09-18 1976-11-09 Hexcel Corporation Flexible honeycomb structure
US4027058A (en) * 1975-07-23 1977-05-31 Wootten William A Folded structural panel
US4087302A (en) * 1975-07-23 1978-05-02 Wootten William A Method for forming a structural panel
US4231186A (en) * 1976-06-09 1980-11-04 Lannen Tehtaat Oy Group of pots for nursing and replanting plants
US4135018A (en) * 1976-08-05 1979-01-16 Corning Glass Works Thermal shock resistant honeycomb structures
US4136846A (en) * 1976-12-20 1979-01-30 Boeing Commercial Airplane Company Composite structure
US4388354A (en) * 1978-03-21 1983-06-14 Suominen Heikki S Tubular insulating curtain and method of manufacture
US4294875A (en) * 1978-08-31 1981-10-13 Schramm Arthur G Insulation panel
US4485568A (en) * 1983-03-25 1984-12-04 Landi Curtis L Insole
US4500583A (en) * 1983-09-12 1985-02-19 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Honeycomb structure
US4676855A (en) * 1985-10-25 1987-06-30 Hunter Douglas, Inc. Method of fabricating honeycomb structures
EP0227247A2 (en) * 1985-11-07 1987-07-01 Hunter Douglas Industries B.V. Method of making a honeycomb structure from joined single pleat material
EP0227247A3 (en) * 1985-11-07 1988-07-13 Hunter Douglas Industries B.V. Honeycomb structure from joined single pleat material and method of making same
US4950522A (en) * 1985-12-24 1990-08-21 Ford Motor Company Plastic construction member for a motor vehicle
US4843664A (en) * 1987-08-20 1989-07-04 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defense Expanding insulating pad
US4861404A (en) * 1987-08-28 1989-08-29 Hunter Douglas Inc. Method of making a honeycomb product
US4943454A (en) * 1987-08-28 1990-07-24 Hunter Douglas, Inc. Expandable collapsible product and method and apparatus for its manufacture
US5405483A (en) * 1987-08-28 1995-04-11 Hunter Douglas, Inc. Apparatus for forming pleated material
WO1991001186A1 (en) * 1989-07-14 1991-02-07 National Research Development Corporation Core layers
US5039567A (en) * 1989-12-04 1991-08-13 Supracor Systems, Inc. Resilient panel having anisotropic flexing characteristics and method of making same
US5180619A (en) * 1989-12-04 1993-01-19 Supracor Systems, Inc. Perforated honeycomb
US5840400A (en) * 1989-12-04 1998-11-24 Supracor Systems, Inc. Perforated core honeycomb panel system
US5426898A (en) * 1991-09-26 1995-06-27 V. Kann Rasmussen Industri A/S Leadfree roof flashing material
US5389059A (en) * 1992-07-22 1995-02-14 Corwin; Charles H. Honeycomb structural material
NL9202137A (en) * 1992-12-10 1994-07-01 Lundex Groep Bv Plank
US5601521A (en) * 1994-05-10 1997-02-11 Videcart, S.A. Method for manufacturing a divider for a cardboard box
US5771680A (en) * 1995-12-21 1998-06-30 General Electric Company Stiffened composite structures and method of making thereof
US5876831A (en) * 1997-05-13 1999-03-02 Lockheed Martin Corporation High thermal conductivity plugs for structural panels
US6485025B1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2002-11-26 Neomet Limited Metallic cellular structure
US20060280904A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2006-12-14 Marson James E Film-based cellular matrix
US7674512B2 (en) * 2002-12-09 2010-03-09 Cascade Designs, Inc. Film-based cellular matrix
US20050155255A1 (en) * 2004-01-20 2005-07-21 Susan Wilson Multi-layer honeycomb sole
US7032328B2 (en) * 2004-01-20 2006-04-25 Supracor, Inc. Multi-layer honeycomb sole
US20060123542A1 (en) * 2004-12-10 2006-06-15 Susan Wilson Honeycomb mattress support
CN101969819B (en) * 2008-01-22 2015-06-03 凯斯凯德设计有限公司 Cellular matrix with integrated radiant and/or convection barriers particularly for use with inflatabel bodies
US20120177874A1 (en) * 2008-02-12 2012-07-12 Brandon Anthony S Fiber reinforced core panel
US20110013299A1 (en) * 2009-01-22 2011-01-20 Cascade Designs, Inc. Cellular Matrix with Integrated Radiant and/or Convection Barriers Particularly for Use with Inflatable Bodies
US10384414B2 (en) * 2009-01-22 2019-08-20 Cascade Designs, Inc. Cellular matrix with integrated radiant and/or convection barriers particularly for use with inflatable bodies
US20120055920A1 (en) * 2009-02-16 2012-03-08 Inocean As Independent tank system for storing liquid gas
KR20110128305A (en) * 2009-02-16 2011-11-29 인오션 에이에스 Independent tank system for storing liquid gas
WO2012008883A1 (en) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-19 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Интер-Ремонт" Honeycomb material
US9789570B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2017-10-17 United Technologies Corporation Iso-grid composite component
US9126374B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2015-09-08 Russell B. Hanson Iso-grid composite component
US10335905B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2019-07-02 United Technologies Corporation Iso-grid composite component
ITMI20122210A1 (en) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-21 Foster S P A METHOD TO OBTAIN A STAINLESS STEEL WORKTOP OF LIMITED THICKNESS OF A KITCHEN AND PLAN IT SO IT HAS OBTAINED
US20140210232A1 (en) * 2013-01-30 2014-07-31 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Armrest for a door of a motor vehicle
US9145076B2 (en) * 2013-01-30 2015-09-29 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Armrest for a door of a motor vehicle
US10123130B2 (en) * 2015-05-20 2018-11-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Audio-Technica Diaphragm, electroacoustic transducer, and electroacoustic transducer apparatus
US20160345097A1 (en) * 2015-05-20 2016-11-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Audio-Technica Diaphragm, electroacoustic transducer, and electroacoustic transducer apparatus
US10556413B2 (en) 2015-09-11 2020-02-11 JELD-WEN UK, Ltd. Method for assembly of recessed panel doors
US11376834B2 (en) 2015-09-11 2022-07-05 JELD-WEN UK, Ltd. System for assembly of recessed panel doors
WO2019081766A1 (en) * 2017-10-27 2019-05-02 Technische Universität Berlin Auxetic structure and a method for manufacturing an auxetic structure
US11559917B2 (en) 2020-05-08 2023-01-24 Jeld-Wen, Inc. Drop roller press and method of making recessed panel doors

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LU36849A1 (en) 1959-04-06
NL102542C (en) 1900-01-01
BE575135A (en) 1959-05-15
FR1191919A (en) 1959-10-22
DE1852946U (en) 1962-06-07
DE1114374B (en) 1961-09-28

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