US3076163A

US3076163A - Hinge pin with electrical connector

Info

Publication number: US3076163A
Application number: US833419A
Authority: US
Inventors: Joseph A Nodge; Joseph H Hopkins
Original assignee: Motors Liquidation Co
Current assignee: Motors Liquidation Co
Priority date: 1959-08-13
Filing date: 1959-08-13
Publication date: 1963-01-29
Anticipated expiration: 1980-01-29

Description

Jan. 29, 1963 J. A. NODGE ETAL'; 3,076,163

HINGE PIN WITH ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 13, 1959 INVENTORS Joseph A.Nodge BY Joseph H. Hopkins Their Affo rney Jan. 29, 1963 J. A. NODGE ETAL 3,076,163

HINGE FIN WITH ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR Filed Aug. 13, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS Joseph A. Nodge By Joseph H. Hopkins Their Attorney 3,d76,'l63 HENGE llllN Wl'Tll 'ELEQTRECAL CQNNECTGR Ioseph A. Nudge and Joseph H. Hopkins, Warren, Ghio, assignors to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich, a corporation of Delaware .FiledAug. 13, 1959, Ser. No. 833,419 2 Claims. (Cl. 3539-4) This invention relates to electrical connectors, and particularly to connector housing means adapted to be used with hinges on motor vehicles as well as on domestic appliances such as refrigerators, washers, and ranges.

An object or this invention is to provide a new and improved electrical connector means for use between members adapted to be hinged or pivotable relative to each other.

Another object of this invention is to provide a connector housing means adapted to be fitted into engagement and to insulate conductors and/or electrical terminals relative to a hollow pintle of a hinge means.

Another object of this invention is to provide sleeve means having a body portion of insulating material provided with longitudinally extending chamber portions therein and including an integral pair of extensions or pin portions projecting parallel to each other and adapted to fit into a hollow pintle to maintain wire means therebetween in protected and insulated condition relative to the pintle while maintaining spacing of the body portion away from the pintle to one side of a hinge structure.

A further object of this invention is to provide an improvement in electrical connector means which includes a body portion of insulating material adapted to maintain electrical terminal means secured to conductors in predetermined spaced relation relaive to hinge means having a hollow pintle in a. location such as on a vehicle door and/or appliance such as a refrigerator door.

Another ob'ect of this invention is to provide for preassembly of a hinge structure for a cover member having a sleeve provided adjacent to an edge thereof such that a hollow hinge-pin can be provided relative thereto having an inner surface engaged by an insulating means wedged into engagement relative to the surface and adapted to assure predetermined longitudinal spacing of a connector including an insulating body with plural passages fitted with electrical terminals attached to conductors that are positioned co-axially relative to the insulating means whereby positioning of both the conductors and connector is maintained in predetermined relationship to thehollow hinge-pin.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein preferred embodiments of thepresent invention. are clearly shown.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is an environmental fragmentary elevational 'view of hinge-pin and connector structure in accordance with the presentinvention.

FIGURE 2 is a partially sectioned elevational view' of a hinge-pin and connector structure in accordance with the present invention and FIG. 2a shows an isometric view of one of two identical connector bodies used in FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of amodified connector body and insulating means for use in structure of FIG- URE 1 in accordance with the presentinvention.

FIG. 4 is an end view taken in a direction looking toward gripping means of the connector body and insulati ing means of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional elevational view taken along line 5-5 in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional elevational view taken along Jnited t'tes Fact Patented Jan. 29,

line 6-6 for sectioning which shifts centrally ofit center as shown in FIG. 4.

Quite often electrical devices are mounted relative to a cover member or door pivotally carried or supported by hinge structure relative to another member. For example, on motor vehicles there are electrical devices such as power actuated window lifts utilizing a small electric motor supplied with electric energy by means of con- .nectors and conductors. The conductors must be avail able inside the doors in spite of any hinged relationship the doors or covers have relative to other members or cabinet structure. Similarly, for example, a door or cover of a refrigerator or deepfreeze cabinet can be provided with electric devices such as illuminators or butter conditioning means requiring supply of electric energy through conductors that must pass from one member or portion of a structure or cabinet over to the inside of a door or cover. in addition to supplying electric energization for a butter compartment, these conductors can provide for electric service relative to door seal warmers and the like. Due to appearance requirements, it is necessary to eliminate presence of a flexible cord attached to an outer surface adjacent to a cover or door. Furthermore, it is necessary that the connector device be compact and permit quick assembly and disassembly of electrical connections for service work and removal of the doors when necessary.

FIG. 1 illustrates environment in which hinge-pin connector means, in accordance with the present invention, are particularly useful. Cover or door means generally indicated by numeral ltl are pivotally mounted relative to a second member or stationary means generally indicate-d by numeral l2. For purposes of illustration, the second member is shown in fragments to include an upper portion 12a, a middle portion 12b, and a lower portion 120. These upper, middle and lower portions can form a refrigerator cabinet, for example, relative to which hinge means are attached in a suitable manner. The hinge means includes an L-shaped upper and lower fixed hinge portions 14a and 140 respectively. A central or intermediate hinge assembly includes a hinge portion 34!) attached along one leg to the intermediate portion 12b of the cabinet and providing a leg projecting intermediate to an upper door lili'U and a lower door ML.

The upper door MU has mounted therein an electrical device generally indicated by numeral 16 relative to which a pair of conductors 16a and lab are provided for supply of electric energy. The electric device 16 can include a resistance or heater element energizable to maintain predetermined temperature of a spread such as butter storable therein. It is to be understood that the electrical device 16 could also be an electric motor for actuation of power windows on a motor vehicle door. The

conductors

16a and 16b each have a covering of insulating material thereon and are adapted to extend through the doors or cover members as well as into the cabinet or fixed secondary member including relatively stationary structure such as the lower portion into which ends 16a of the conductors protrude. The upper door or cover member ilfiU is movably mounted relative to the upper hinge portion 14a and intermediate hinge portion 14b. Similarly, the lower door or cover member 10L is movably mounted relative to the intermediate hinge portion 14b and lower hinge portion 14c. Adjacent to the hinge portions each of the doors or cover members is provided with a hollow sleeve S that is welded or otherwise suitably attached at one end to a periphery of a passage in the door or cover member relative to which a hinge-pin or hollow pintle means projects. The upper hinge portion 14a carries a fixed pin 14p that is solid and engageable relative to an inner surface of the hollow sleeve carried therefor on the upper cover member, Hill. The lower hinge member lic .to the grommet or insulating means G.

at, a r,

and the intermediate hinge member 1415 have hollow hingepin sleeve portions lids carried thereby in axial alignment relative to each other and relative to the pin portion lap. Thus the upper and lower door members can pivot about the same axis defined by the sleeves S, pin portion 14p, and sleeve portions Il -ls. Suitable washers or nylon bearings can be provided between cover members and laterally protruding projections of hinge portions Ma, 14b, and Me though these are not shown separately adjacent to and/ or in addition ot outward flared ends of each sleeve S for purposes of clarity as apparent in the partial section of FIGURE 2. Connector means generally indicated by numeral 18 are shown titted in predetermined locations relative to hollow sleeve portions this in FIG. 1. Further details of connector means such as 38 in accordance with the present invention are shown in FIGS. 2-6.

In i 16. 2 there is shown a fragmentary and partially cross-sectioned elevational view of one embodiment of hinge-pin connector structure provided relative to an intermediate hinge portion and including components in accordance with the present invention. The hollow pintle or sleeve portion 145 provided on a lateral projection or leg of the intermediate hinge portion 14b is visible in PEG. 2 as is the sleeve S carried by the upper cover member WU as well as by lower cover member or door L. Insulated conductors 16a and 1619 are visible in FIG. 2 and have provided thereon a grommet G. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, this grommet G in combination with a cylindrical body of insulating material C forms a hingepin connector assembly whereby a pair of male terminals M and a pair of female terminals F can be electrically engaged and connected relative to each other immediately adjacent to sleeve portion 14s at a location adjacent to an end of sleeve S remote from the connection of the sleeve to a door member or cover. 'Ihe cylindrical body of insulating material C includes a neck portion N having an outer diameter equal to or slightly less than an inner diameter of a surface 3141i immediately adjacent to the free end of the sleeve portion lids. The grommet G has a peripheral outer surface or contour with a diameter slightly greater than the inner diameter of the sleeve portion ll ls such that

conductors

16a and 16b, onto which the grommet is molded, can be pulled through a central passage 1 while the grommet becomes wedged into engagement with the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve portion 14s. The grommet G, when pulled to a position inside sleeve portion lids, is sealingly in engagement with the inner surface of the sleeve portion and also maintains I positioning of the

conductors

16a and 16b in a location coaxially relative to the sleeve portion 14s and also the cylindrical body C. The grommet G is an insulating means whereby positioning of both the conductors and connector body C is maintained in predetermined relationship to the hollow hinge-pin or sleeve portion 14s. The insulating means or grommet G is molded relative to the conductors lot; and lab at a location substantially adjacent to the neck portion N that snugly fits the conductors because this neck portion N has been formed to be constricted radially inwardly into engagement with the conductors 16a and lltib so that the body C cannot be pulled longitudinally along the

conductors

16a and 16b relative In forming a preassembly of the hinge structure including intermediate portion 14b, for example, the

conductors

16a and 16b are pulled through the passage B until an'abutment A at one end of the body C adjacent to the neck portion N strikes against the free end of the sleeve 14s. Thus the neck portion N, in conjunction with the insulating means or grommet 6, provides a double seal of the end of the sleeve portion 14s and the conductors 15a and 16b hold the body C and grommet G in axial spaced relation to each other such that the body C is firmly mounted into position relative to an end of the sleeve 14s. The neck portion N is concentrica ly located in assembled relation relative to the inner peripheral surface 14a and axial aoveaee alignment of the conductors, grommet, neck portion, and insulating body C is maintained relative to the hollow pintle or sleeve portion 14s.

It is to be understood that the insulating body C has a pair of parallel chamber portions extending longitudinally therethrough and adapted to receive the female terminals F in tight engagement therein. The female terminals F include a ferrule portion adapted to be crimped or swaged into electrical engagement with a bare end of wire or strands of wire within the insulated conductors 16a and Mb. The female terminals F also include a socket portion substantially C-shaped in cross section and engageable by projecting prong ends of the male terminal M engageable longitudinally and axially therewith. The male terminals M also include a ferrule portion crimped or swaged into engagement with wires of the conductors. The male terminals ll fit into chamber portions 3 and K located on a side of a central wall W that separates the female terminal chamber portions from the male chamber portions J and K of the connector body C. The conductors lea and lab, adjacent to the male terminals M, are provided with a molded on grommet means G-ll similar in size and shape to the insulating means or grommet G but located outside the conductor body C adjacent to one end thereof. The grommet G4 is adapted to hold the conductors and male terminals M in parallel relation to each other to facilitate insertion of the prong ends of the male terminals relative to the socket portions or the female terminals F. Further the grommet means G-l provides a convenient handle or gripping means whereby fingers or a pair of plyers can engage the

conductors

16a and 16b simultaneously to effect longitudinal movement of the male terminals M until the gripping means 6-1 in an intermediate portion B butts against an axially extending lug or longitudinal wall L extending in between the male cavities or chamber portions 3 and K. It is to be understood that insulating means or a grommet such as G can be provided inside the sleeve portion lids relative to only the upper cover member itlU or relative to both the upper and lower doors or cover members ltlU and 10L. in the partially sectioned view of PEG. 2, only the insulating means or grommet G for the upper door or cover member lttlU is shown.

In PEG. 3 there is shown a different species of hingepin connector 18 for which body portion llhc in accordance with the present invention has integral, longitudinally extending gripping means 18g of insulating material. These gripping means 18g have semi-arcuate outer peripheral surfaces and are spaced from each other by a longitudinal slot 18s. These gripping means 133 have free ends remote from the body portion lac of insulating material and have integral ends relative to the body portion 180 at a location adjacent to an annular abutment 18a adapted to engage a free end of sleeve portion or hollow pintle 14s at a location immediately adjacent to the peripheral inner end portion or surface lid n. The relationship of the abutment 13a relative to the hollow pintle or sleeve portion 14s and gripping means 14g can be seen in FIG. 5. it is to be understood that

conductors

16a and 16b pass longitudinally and substantially axially through the body portion such that the integral gripping means, pair of extensions, or pin portions 18g are on opposite sides relative to the pair of conductors tea and 16b.

The gripping means or integral extension pin portions lliig are wedged longitudinally into engagement with an inner surface of the hollow pintle or sleeve portion g such that lateral movement of the body portion lhcis substantially prevented from occurring relative to the axis of the

conductors

16a and 16b through the hollow pintle.

' As is shown in FIG. 5, the connector-means includes male terminals 18m having a prong portion 13p plu ged into a socket portion of female terminals 18f. Both the male and femal terminals are provided with ferrule portrons adapted to be swaged and/0r crimped into engage- "semi-arcuate surfaces of the a fragment of one conductor 16a is ment with wire of conductors a and 16b. Electrical engagement of the male and female terminals occurs inside the body portion 13c which is always maitained in a position longitudinally to one side of the end of the hollow pintle or sleeve portion 14s through the outer gripping means or integral extensions 18g are in engagement with the inner peripheral surface of the pintle or sleeve portion 14s including the end periphery 1411. The male terminals 18m are fitted into male terminal chamber portions 18; and 18k adjacent to an end of the body portion 18c remote from the integral extensions or projecting pin portions 18g. Since the outer peripheral semi-annular surfaces of the gripping means or extensions 18g fit snugly relative to the inner peripheral surface of the hollow pintle or sleeve portion 14s, the abutting portion 18a provides an annular seal relative to an end of the hollow pintle or sleeve portion Ms maintained in engagement relative to each other due to wedging of the extensions or gripping means 18g into engagement with the inner peripheral surface of the pintle. To facilitate understanding of the structure of the hinge pin connector, no conductors such as 14 and 1411 are illustrated in the views of FIGS. 3 and 4. Terminal means and conductors are shown in FIG. 5 but only shown in FIG. 6 located intermediate the guide means or integral extensions 18g of the insulating body 18c. The female terminals are fitted into the hollow interior or main chamber portions 18h and lfii separated by a longitudinally extending divider wall 18d that also separates the male chamber portions itij and 18k from each other. A transverse wall portion 18w separates male and female chamber portions longitudinally from each other. A suitable passage or opening extends through wall portion 18w for interconnecting pairs of chamber portions adapted to receive male and female terminals respectively.

For the embodiments of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, itis to be understood that either grommet G or the gripping means 18g extending integrally from the body portion the are wedged into engagement with an inner periphery of a hollow pintle such that male and female terminal means electrically connected relative to each other can be assembled and disassembled relative to each other at a location completely outside the hollow pintle relative to which the hinge-pin connector including the body portions C or 18c are rigidly connected. The male and female terminals are always longitudinally spaced to one side of the hollow pintle which is made of conducting material such as metal extruded, cast, or drilled to have a central passage through which the conductors 16a and 161) can pass and relative to an inner periphery of which the grommet G or integral gripping means liig are wedged. The hollow pintle or sleeve portions MS can have substantially the same outer diameter as the body portions C or 180 and these body portions are made of insulating material providing adequate protection relative to the male and female terminal junctures such that a short circuit between the male and female terminals relative to the hollow pintle cannot occur even though the pintle is utilized and engaged for maintaining longitudinal spacing of the insulating body relative to the pintle. Longitudinal spacing of the connector body portions C and We to one side of the hollow pintle is particularly important for establishing connections through hinges on appliances where there is danger of an electrical short circuit due to application of 110 volts or 220 volts through conductors such as 16a and lldb. Previously, Underwriters Laboratories Would find fault because of the danger of electrical short circuits when male and female terminals such as 18m and 18] are not longitudinally spaced but rather are concentrically located inside the hollow pintle or sleeve portion 14s per se. The insulating bodies C and lids are substantially larger in diameter than the inner periphery of the hollow pintle or sleeve portion and adequate in- 'sulation is provided for the male and female terminals while the body portion of the connector is installed adjacent to an end of the sleeve portion or hollow pintle rather than inside of it with predetermined longitudinal spacing thereof being maintained by wedging engagement of gripping means or a grommet relative to an inner periphery of the hollow pintle or sleeve portion 14s.

The compactness of the connector device in accordance with the present invention permits two conductive connections between male and female terminals within an insulating body relative to hollow hinge-pins and provides for preassembly of doors or covers with inside decorative panels in place relative to the doors or panels. Furthermore, removal of the decorative panels provides access to separable male and female terminals so thata door can be disassembled from a cabinet whenever there is need for replacement of a sealing strip around the periphery of the door, for example. The male prong portions of the male terminals are confined within the insulating body together with the female terminals and therefore there is never any danger that the male terminals do not make proper contact with the female terminals. The electrical connection for supplying power to devices such as a door seal warmer or butter compartment or actuators for electric window lifts is completely hidden from the outside, thus enhancing the appearance and utility of a cover member or door relative to its mounting. Positive engagement of abutting portions such as 13a and A relative to an end of the hollow pintle or sleeve portions i ls assures that the connector housing means cannot be pulled downwardly or through the hollow interior of the pintle in one direction but yet can be removed from the hollow pintle when necessary to permit access to the male and female terminals and/or

conductors

16a and 16b. The gripping means or projections integral with the connector body can be wedged into engagement with the hollow interior of the pintle in one direction and can be disassembled in an opposite direction. These projections or pin portions integral with the insulating body 13c have suflicient resilience for establishing wedging engagement relative to the inner periphery of the hollow pintle to permit attachment and removal of the insulating housing connector body relative to the pintle without ever having the connector body 18c located radially inside the hollow pintle. It is apparent that a sealing against passage of dust and foreign material'is accomplished by engagement of the abutting portion 18a or abutment A relative to a periphery of an end of the hollow pintle remote from the intermediate hinge portion or hinge portion relative to which the doors are pivotable and movable into open and closed positions. The hollow pintle or sleeve portion Ms, as well as projecting pin 14p remain fined and stationary relative to the cabinet and/ or respective fixed hinge portions such that the doors are pivotable and movable relative thereto about a common axis.

It is to be understood that the embodiment of FIGURE 2 difiers from that of FIGURE 1 in that in conjunction with the central hinge there are two cylindrical bodies C each having a neck portion N in place of gripping means or extensions 18g best seen in FIG. 3 and swaged into engagement with conductors and adapted to be adjacent to an abutment or shoulder A rather than one body or connector means 13. The bodies or connector means C of FIG. 2 are identical with each other and engagement of the two abutments A of the connector means assures limitation of movement in opposite directions that is, against upward movement as well as downward movement relative to sleeves S associated with the central hinge. It is further to be understood that the grommets G and (3-1 are provided relative to both the top and bottom bodies C in conjunction with the conductors such that a substantially symmetrical arrangement exists relative to the central hinge portion 14b including sleeves S. Fragmentary sections of diiferent portions of the view of 7. the embodiment of FIG. 2 are shown so as to facilitate understanding of internal and external components of structure in accordance with the present invention relative to the central hinge portion. FIG. 2a is an isometric view of connector body C shown in FIG. 2 and including the abutment A as well as the neck portion N.

While the embodiments of the present invention as herein disclosed, constitute preferred forms, it is to be understood that other forms can be adopted.

What is claimed is as follows:

1. On an appliance cabinet means having upper and lower door members pivotally attached thereto for movement in a common axis and for compartment-like access thereto including an electrical device having at least one insulated electrical conductor therefor and carried by one of the door members journaled by mating metal hinge portions such as a sleeve attached to the door member and a projection from the compartment-like cabinet means as well as a hollow pintle provided as an axis juncture between the hinge portions to one of which said pintle remains in relatively fixed relation so as to provide an annular abutment along one end thereof, the improvement which comprises an electrical connector unitary terminal housing means per se including a longitudinally coextensive body portion exclusively of insulating material having at least one passage substantially axially therethrough as defined by a pair of axially spaced chamber portions into which a pair of mating electrical terminal means is adapted to be received for forming a separable juncture along each conductor at a location in proximity to said hinge portions, said unitary terminal housing means per se further having a pair of longitudinal extensions of the same coextensive insulating material projecting integrally as well as longitudinally on one end of said body portion and spaced laterally from each other to wedge the insulated electrical conductor therebetween as said longitudinally projecting extensions are in press-fit engagement with an inner periphery of said hollow pintle such that the mating electrical terminal means are separable yet completely within confines or" said coextensive body portion in predetermined insulated and spaced relation to said hollow pintle for exclusive support thereby as positioned with said hinge portions.

2. On an appliance cabinet means having upper and lower door members pivotally attached thereto for movement in a common axis and for compartment-like access thereto including an electrical device having a pair of electrical conductors therefor and carried by one of the door members journaled by mating metal hinge portions such as a sleeve attached to the door member and projection from the compartment-like cabinet means as well as a hollow pintle provided as an axis juncture between the hinge portions to one of which said pintle remains in relatively fixed relation so as to provide an annular abutment along one end thereof, the improvement which comprises an electrical connector unitary terminal housing means per se including a longitudinally coextensive body portion exclusively of insulating material having a pair of passages substantially axially therethrough each as defined by a pair of axially spaced chamber portions into which a pair of mating electrical terminal means in each passage is adapted to be received for forming a separable juncture along each or said pair of conductors at a location in proximity to said hinge portions though located positively to one side thereof due to engagement of one end of said body portion against the abutment, said unitary terminal housing means per se further having at least one longitudinal extension means thereof at reduced cross-sectional width for less than that of said body portion yet of the same coextensive insulating material projecting integrally as well as longitudinally on one end of said body portion and spaced laterally inwardly therefrom to wedge the pair of insulated conductors therewith as said longitudinal extension means snugly engages in press-fit with an inner periphery of said hollow pintle such that each mating terminal means can be separated yet completely within confines of said coextensive body portion in predetermined insulated and spaced relation to said hollow pintle for exelusive support thereby as positioned with said hinge portions.

References Qited in. the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 889,786 Keiner lune 2, 1908 1,981,460 Miller Nov. 20, 1934 2,143,564 Lybarger et al. Fan. 10, 1939 2,700,139 Jewell Ian. 18, 1955 2,725,462 Vorgang Nov. 29, 1955 2,729,473 Warshewsky Jan. 3, 1956 2,778,000 Mills Jan. 15, 1957 2,971,178 Reesby Feb. 7, 1961 2,971,180 Colwell Feb. 7, 1961

Claims

1. ON AN APPLIANCE CABINET MEANS HAVING UPPER AND LOWER DOOR MEMBERS PIVOTALLY ATTACHED THERETO FOR MOVEMENT IN A COMMON AXIS AND FOR COMPARTMENT-LIKE ACCESS THERETO INCLUDING AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE HAVING AT LEAST ONE INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR THEREFOR AND CARRIED BY ONE OF THE DOOR MEMBERS JOURNALED BY MATING METAL HINGE PORTIONS SUCH AS A SLEEVE ATTACHED TO THE DOOR MEMBER AND A PROJECTION FROM THE COMPARTMENT-LIKE CABINET MEANS AS WELL AS A HOLLOW PINTLE PROVIDED AS AN AXIS JUNCTURE BETWEEN THE HINGE PORTIONS TO ONE OF WHICH SAID PINTLE REMAINS IN RELATIVELY FIXED RELATION SO AS TO PROVIDE AN ANNULAR ABUTMENT ALONG ONE END THEREOF, THE IMPROVEMENT WHICH COMPRISES AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR UNITARY TERMINAL HOUSING MEANS PER SE INCLUDING A LONGITUDINALLY COEXTENSIVE BODY PORTION EXCLUSIVELY OF INSULATING MATERIAL HAVING AT LEAST ONE PASSAGE SUBSTANTIALLY AXIALLY THERETHROUGH AS DEFINED BY A PAIR OF AXIALLY SPACED CHAMBER PORTIONS INTO WHICH A PAIR OF MATING ELECTRICAL TERMINAL MEANS IS ADAPTED TO BE RECEIVED FOR FORMING A SEPARABLE JUNCTURE ALONG EACH CONDUCTOR AT A LOCATION IN PROXIMITY TO SAID HINGE PORTIONS, SAID UNITARY TERMINAL HOUSING MEANS PER SE FURTHER HAVING A PAIR OF