US3180731A

US3180731A - Photothermographic elements and method of using same

Info

Publication number: US3180731A
Application number: US193929A
Authority: US
Inventors: Pierre A Roman; Maurice E Pfaff; Raymond M A Bayol
Original assignee: Eastman Kodak Co
Current assignee: Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date: 1962-03-14
Filing date: 1962-05-11
Publication date: 1965-04-27
Anticipated expiration: 1982-04-27
Also published as: FR1333745A; GB1038337A

Description

Apnl 27, 1965 P. A. ROMAN ETAL 3,180,731

PHOTOTHERMOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS AND METHOD OF USING SAME Filed May 11, 1962 [LAYER CONTAINING SILVER HAL/DE AND 2- HEXADECYL 5-METHYL HYDROOUINONE LAYER CONTAINING I-PHENYL-3-PYRAZOL/DONE A ND ISOPROP YLAMINE A CE TA TE SUPPORT RECEIVING SHEET /5 T l 2-HEXADECYL-5-METHYL OU/NHYDRONE DYE NEGATIVE IMAGE 2- HEXADECYL 5 METHYL OU/NONE AND SILVER NEGATIVE IMAGE RECEIVING SHEE T COATED WITH 2-HEXADECYL- 5- METHYL OU/NONE Z-HEXADEGYL- 5- METHYL OU/NHYDRONE DYE POSITIVE IMAGE I 2-HEXADECYL-5-METHYL OUINONE AND SILVER NEGATIVE IMAGE PIERRE A. ROMAN MAURICE E. PFAFF RAYMOND M. A. BAYOL INVENTORS BY flaw/M R will Wm ATTORNEY. 8 AGENT United States Patent 3,189,731 PHOTOTHERMOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS AND METHOD OF USENG SAME Pierre A. Roman, Sucy-en-Brie, and Maurice E. Pfafi and Raymond M. A. Bayol, Vincennes, France, assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey 7 7 Filed May 11, 1962, Ser. No. 193,929

Claims priority, application France, Mar. 14, 1962,

' 891,023, Patent 1,333,745

, 9 Claims. (CI. 96-29) This invention relates to novel light-sensitive elements and more particularly to novel light-sensitive photothermographic elements and their heat processing to produce colored images by cross-oxidation reactions. I Photothermographic elements are known in the art. These materials are designed for exposure to a light image which creates an invisible latent image that is subsequently made visible by the action of heat. British 790,811, published February 19, 1958, for example, describes such a material which contains a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion and a developer. After exposure, this material is heat developed and the developing agent which remains unused in the unexposed areas is transferred to a receiving sheet containing a diazo compound with the production of a corresponding dye image.

The formation of colored quinhydrone images by heat has been proposed for preparing a thermographic paper.

However, heretofore, it has not been possible to prepare such a compound by thermographic development of a silver halideemulsion layer.

' It is an object of our invention to provide a novel, lightsensitive phototherm'ographic element for producing colored images.

Another object of our invention is to provide a new class of light-sensitive photothermographic elements for producing colored images by cross-oxidation reactions.

Another object is to provide photothermographic elements which are processed with a rapid, substantially dry process to produce copies of good quality.

Another object is to provide photothermographic elements that are valuable for copying originals by contact printing with transmitted light or by reflex printing, or by projection printing.

Another object is to provide novel photothermographic elements which have high photographic speeds which makes them valuable for use in cameras of the Photostat copier type.

Still another object is to provide a process for processing our novel photothermographic material.

Still further objects will become apparent from the following specification and claims.

These and other objects are accomplished by using the photothermographic element of our invention.

Our light-sensitive photothermographic element consists of (1) a support coated with (2) a silver halide developing layer in a hydrophilic binder and coated over this (3) a second hydrophilic layer comprising a dispersion of light-sensitive silver halide and a dispersion of an organic composition which changes color upon cross-oxidation, said composition being dissolved in a substantially water-insoluble alkali-permeable organic solvent. In certain instances, the constituents of layers (2) and' (3') are combined in a single layer.

In one preferred embodiment of our invention, the photothermographic element consists of (1) a support coated with (2) a developer layer comprising a hydrophilic binder, a substituted cyclic nontanning silver halide developing agent and an alkaline salt, said layer coated with (3) a second hydrophilic layer comprising a binder Patented Apr. 27, was

having dispersed therein light-sensitive silver halide and a substantially Water-insoluble 2-alkyl-5-alkyl substituted hydroquinone dissolved in a substantially Water-insoluble alkali-permeable organic solvent. Alternatively, this element may contain in addition to the dispersion of Z-alkyl- S-alkyl substituted hydroquinone in the second hydrophilic layer, a second dispersion comprising a solution of a substantially water-insoluble 2-alkyl-5-alkyl substituted quinoue in a substantially water-insoluble alkaliperrneable organic solvent or may contain instead of the two dispersions only the dispersion of 2-alkyl-5-alkyl substituted quinone dissolved in the organic solvent.

v In another embodiment of our invention, the element consists of (l) the support, (2) the developer layer already described and (3) a second hydrophilic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein light sensitive silver halide and a solution of a substantially Waterinsoluble dye base of the alkoxynaphthol series dissolved in a substantially water-insoluble alkali-permeable organic solvent.

In another preferred embodiment of our invention the element consists of (1) the support and (2) developer layer already described and (3) a second hydrophilic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein lightsensitive silver halide and a solution of a substantially water-insoluble leuco dye dissolved in a substantially water-insoluble alkali-permeable organic solvent.

In still another preferred embodiment of our invention, the element consists of (1) the support and (2) developer layer already described and (3) a second hydrophilic layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein lightsensitive silver halide and a solution of a substantially water-insoluble p-phenylenediamine and a substantially water-insoluble color-forming coupler in a substantially water-insoluble alkali-permeable organic solvent.

Our photothermographic elements are exposed to a light image by contact printing either by transmission or by reflex, projection printing or, with a camera such as is used in a Photostat copier, developed by treating the exposed element with steam to bring the material to a temperature in the range of from 70 to C., then the hydrophilic layer of the hot element is immediately contacted with a paper receiving sheet to produce the copy bearing a dye image. One additional copy is made by contacting the hot element with a fresh paper receiving sheet. The steam heat development may be accomplished in any convenient manner such as passing the element for about 15 seconds close to a supply of steam such as a steam laundry iron; or alternatively, the element can be uniformly moistened with water and then exposed to a dry heat to raise the temperature of the element to the processing temperature. A particularly advantageous method involves passing the exposed element between a pair of driven rollers whichmoisten the element with water at room temperature, convey the moist element through a heat tunnel made by two heated blocks of metal to another set of driven rollers which remove the hot element from the tunnel and contact its hydro philic layer with a paper receiving sheet. The copy is then stripped from the hot element.

The optimum heating time will depend upon the temperature of the steam, heating tunnel or other device used and can be readily determined.

The formation of the colored image corresponding to the light exposed latent image during the thermographic processing of each of the described types of elements involves the development of a silver image in the second hydrophilic layer with the imagewise formation of oxidiz-ed and unoxidized silver halide developer which then undergoes a cross-oxidation reaction with the substantianswer ally water-insoluble color-r'brrning organic composition dissolved in the dispersed par sites of substantially waterinsoluble alkali-permeable organic solvent. The etails of the cross-oxidation reaction depend upon the materials used in the color-forming organic composition and determine whether a negative or positive image is obtained of the original. Usually, the colored image formed by the cross-oxidation reaction is transferred from the hot developed cement to a paper receiving sheet which may or may not contain another material that enters into the color-forming reactionf This will also determine whether the is a negative or positive of original.

The transfer step in our process not only permits making two or sometimes several copies but has the very important advantage of producing copies that are substantially free of the various chemicals that are in the element. Thus the copies produced have optimum stability.

By cross-oxidation We mean the reaction mechanism by which either (1) the silver halide developing agent oxidized by silver halide development in turn oxidizes the reduced form of a color-forming composition used in the photot'hermographic element, or (2) the reaction in which unused silver halide developing agent reduces the oxidized form of a color-forming composition used in the element.

The elmen-ts which have as the color-forming organic compositions a Z-alkyl-S-alltyl substituted hydroquinone, a dye base, a leuco dye, or a combination of a COlOfv forming coupler and a substantially water-insoluble substituted p-phenylenediamine are believed to involve a cross-oxidation reaction in which the oxidized silver halide developing agent, formed by silver image development, oxidizes some of the color-forming organic com position to produce a negative image of the original image.

In an element containing a substituted hydroquinone, the oxidized silver halide developing agent oxidizes some of the substituted hydroquinon-e to the corresponding quinone which While still hot is transferred with unoxidized hydroquinone to a paper receiving sheet where the corresponding negative quinhydrone dye image is formed when the paper cools. Alternatively, a positive quinhydrone image of the original is produced from this element when the receiving sheet used contains a coating of the appropriate substituted quinone.

In a product containing a dye of the alkoxynaphthol series, the oxidized developer formed in the exposed. areas oxidizes the dye base by a cross-oxidation reaction to produce a dye negative image of the original which is then transferred while hot to a plain paper receiving sheet.

In an element containing a leuco dye, the imagewise oxidized silver halide developing agent cross-oxidizes th 'leuco dye to produce a negative dye image of the original which is then transferred while but to a plain paper receiving sheet.

In an element containing a color-forming coupler and a substantially water-insoluble substituted p-phenylenediamine developing agent, t imagewise oxidized silver halide developing agent cross-oxidizes the p-phenylenediamine to its oxidized form which reacts with the coupler to produce a negative dye image of the original which is then transferred while hot to a plain paper receiving sheet.

The reversibility of the reaction syste- 1 substituted hydroquinonet substituted quinone in the water-insoluble alkalipermeable organic solvents is used in another cross-oxidation reaction to form a direct positive without using a receiving sheet coated with the appropriate quinone as described above. This is accomplished by substituting a Z-alkyl-S-alkyl substituted quinone for the substituted hydroquinone as the colorforming composition in the element of this type described previously. The immediate element uses preferably a September 16, 1958.

1-phenyl-3 pyrazolidone as a silver halide developing agent. The unused unoxidized 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone left in areas or" unexposed silver halide upon thermographic processingreduce some of the substituted quinone to the corresponding hydroquinone wh-ich *while still hot is transferred to the paper receiving sheet where a positive quinhydrone dye image is formed of the original. No dye is formed cor 'esponding to the exposed areas of the silver halide since none ofthe quinone in those areas is reduced to the hydroquinone.

In another element designedfor the direct production of positive dye images utilizing preferably a pnnethylaniinophenol sulfate as the silver halide developing agent, the second hydrophilic layer comprises a hydrophilic binderhaving dispersedv therein silver halide, a Zolltyl-S-alltyl substituted hydroquinone dissolved in a substantially wateninsoluble alkali-permeable organic solvent and a Z-alkyl-S-alkyl substituted. quinone dissolved in substantially Water-insoluble alkali-permeable organic solvent. During therrnograp'hic processing, the oxidized form of the. silver halide developing agent formed in areas of silver image development cross-oxidizes all the substituted hydroquinone to its quinone so upon transfer, a positive dye image of the original is termed on the paper receiving sheet.-

The following description will further illustrate our phototherinographic ole ents.

The support for our elements can be any of the support material used in photography, such. as paper, sheet metal, glass, plastic sheeting made out of materials such as polyethylene terephthalate, the poly/carbonates, etc.

The hydrophilie binder used in the hydrophilic colloid layers to contain the various chemicals in the photothermo graphic element can be any gelatin such as is used in photographic materials and any of the colloid photographic gelatin substitutes such as colloidal albumin, a cellulose derivative, or a synthetic resin for instance, a polyvinyl compound. Some colloids which may be used are polyvinyl alcohol or a hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate as described in Lowe US. Patent 2,286,215, issued June 16, 1942; a far hydrolyzed cellulose ester such as cellulose acetate hydrolyzed to an acetyl content of 19-26% as described in U.S. Patent 2,327,808 of Lowe and Clark, issued August 24, 1943; a water-soluble ethanolamine cellulose acetate as described in Yutzy U.S.. Patent 2,322,685, issued June 15,1943; a polyacrylamine having a combined .acrylamide content of 30-60% and a specific viscosity of 025-15 or an imidized polyacrylarnide of like acrylamide content and viscosity as described in Lowe, Minsk and Kenyon US. Patent'2,541,474, issued February 13, 1951; zein as described in Lowe US. Patent 2,563,791,- issued August 7, 1951; a vinyl alcohol polymer containing urethane carboxylic acid groups of the type described in Unruh and Smith US. Patent 2,768,154, issued October 23, 1956; or, containing cyano-acetyl groups such as the vinyl alcohol-vinyl cyanoacetate polymer as described in Unruh, Smith and Priest US. Patent 2,808,331, issued October 1, 1957; or a polymeric material which results from polymerizing a protein or a saturated acylated protein with a monomer having a vinyl group as described in U.S. Patent 2,852,382, of lllingsworth, Dann and Gates, issued If desired, compatible mixturesof two or more of these colloids may be employed.

The silver halide developing agent used can be any substituted cyclic nontanning developing agents used in photographic development processes. Silver halide developers that are used'include 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone, any of the substituted 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidones used as photographic developing agents, except those substituted with solubilizing groups, such as ,sulfonic acid groups, p-phenylenediamine, any of the substituted p-phenylenediamines used in photography, except those containing solubiiizing groups, p-methylan inophenol sulfate and substituted p-methylaminophenol sulfates,

Among the preferred-silver halide developing agents used in our photothermographic elements are (1) the lphenyl-3-pyrazolidones which may be represented by the formula:

wherein R R R and R may-each represent a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having froml to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl,-ethyl,- propyl, butyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl, etc., so that not more than two of the R groups are alkyl groups; (2) the p-phenylenediamines which'may be represented by the formula: 29

R7-III-Rs alkylsulfonamidoalkyl group; (3) the p-methylaminophenol sulfates which may be represented by the formula: 49

Ra Re wherein R and R may each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, secondary butyl, tertiary butyl, tertiary amyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, etc.; etc.

The l'-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone developing agents can be prepared bymethods well known in the art, such as is described in Kendall U.S. 2,289,367, issued July 14, 1942. The p-phenylenediamines and p-methylaminophenol sulfates are all well known in the art.

Alkaline salts used in the silver halide developing layer are salts of strong bases and weak acids, for example, 0 the alkali metal salts of weak acids preferably with water of crystalization such as sodium metaborate-8H O, potassium metaborate-8H O, etc., the salts of strong organic bases and weak acids, for example, the amine salts, such as isopropylamine acetate, isopropylamine oxalate, iso- 5 'p'ropylamine citrate, etc.

In addition to the developing agent, and alkali, the developer layer may contain various addends, such as saponin and other coating aids, sugar diacetyl, sodium sulfite, and other stabilizers, 1-phenyl-S-mercaptotetraazole, 5- 7 methylbenzotriazole, and other antifoggants, etc., depending onthe characteristics desired.

The light-sensitive, silver halide emulsion may contain silverbromide, silver chloride, silver-chlorobromide, silver iodide, silver bromoiodide, silver chloroiodide, etc.

June 15, 1943, and others.

6 The silver halide emulsion has a low sivler content which usumly is about in the range of-4 mg. to 8 mg. of silver per square decimeter of the coated photothermographic element. The silver halide or mixed halide emulsion may be unsensitized, or it may be chemically sensitized, and/ or optically sensitized with any of the sensitizers used in the art, such as those described in Dann et al., U.S. Serial No. 797,577, filed March 6, 1959, and now U.S. Patent The substantially water-insoluble alkali-permeable organic solventsused in thephotothermographic element to dissolve the organic composition that changes color upon cross-oxidation, include any of the high boiling crystalloidal solvents, such as are listed in Mannes et al., U.S. Patents 2,304,939 and U.S. 2,304,940, both issued December 15, 1942, Jelley et al., U.S. 2,322,027, issued Representative solvents include dibutyl phthalate, B-methoxyethylphthalate, ethyl- N,N-di-n-butylcarbamate, tricresylphosphate, tri p tert. butylphenyl phosphate, tr-iphenyl phosphate, ditetrahy drofurfuryl succinate, tetrahydrofurfuryl benzoate, N-namylphthalimide, N-n-amyl succinimide, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, glycol salicylate, etc. Among the organic solvents used in the elements according to our invention, are the liquid esters of higher monohydroxy alcohols and the waxy esters of alcohols which melt and become liquid in the temperature range used for the heat treatment and which solidify after this treatment.

The optimum ratio of solvent to binder used in making the element will depend upon the particular solvent used, the dye-formers and other factors. In general, this ratio must be sufiiciently high to insure the transfer of adequate dye to produce a good image.

The substantially water-insoluble organic compositions which change color upon cross-oxidation with oxidized silver halide developing agents include:

I. The dye bases of the alkoxynaphthol series which are insoluble in water and which undergo the cross-oxidation reaction according to the invention, in particular methoxynaphthol, ethoxynaphthol, n-butoxynaphthol, sec. butoxynaphthol, tert. butoxynaphthol, etc.;

II. Any leuco dyes that are water-insoluble and undergo cross-oxiclation reactions according to our invention, such as malachite green, crystal violet, auramine, p-rosaniline, indonaphthol blue and many others;

HI. Amixture of (a) A substantially water-insoluble substituted'p-phenylenediamine having one primary amino group and having at least one higher alkyl substituent attached to the other amino group such as for example Z-amino-S- (N-ethyl-N-lauryl)aminotoluene, 2-amino-5-(N-ethyl- N-dodecyl) aminotoluene, 2 amino-S-(N-ethyl-N-pentadecyl)aminotoluene, etc., and

(b) A color forming coupler containing an active hydrogen such as (1) Any cyan-dye-forming phenol or naphthol type couplers that have ballasting groups that make them water-insoluble; these include the following illustrative examples; the acylaminohydroxyphenol couplers of Porter et al., U.S. 2,346,080, issued April 4, 1944, such as 2-hydroxy-4-[m-(p-tert. amylphenoxy)-benzamido]-diphenol, Salminen et al., U.S. 2,367,531, issued January 16, 1945, such as 2,6-di(4"-tert. amyl-3'-phenoxybenzoylamino)- l-phenol, 2 @(4' tert. amylphenoxybutyryD-am- -ino)-5-chlorophenol, etc., the acylaminophenols of Salminenet al., U.S. 2,423,730, issued July '8, 1947, such as Q- (2',4-di-tert. amylphenoxyacetamido)-4,6-dichloro-5-methylphenol, 2-(4-amylphenoxy-3-benzoylamido 3 chloro)phenol, etc., the l-naphthol-Z-carboxylic acid amide couplers of Weissberger et al., U.S. 2,474,293, such as '1- hydroXy-Z[5-(2',4-di-tert. amylphenoxy)-propyl] naphthamide, 1 hydroxy-2-{ 8-(2',4'-tert. diamyl phenoxy) acetamido]-ethyl}-naphthamide, etc.

(2) Any of the magenta-dye-forming S-pyrazolone couplers having ballasting groups that render it water-insoluble, including the following illustrative examples; the 1-alkyl-3-acylamido-5-pyrazolones of Fenialcet. al., US. 2,865,751, issued Decernber 23, 1958, such as 1-dodecy1-3[w(2,4-din-amylphenoxy) acetamido] --pyrazolone, l-dodecyl- 3 {m-[a-(2,4-di-n-amy1phcnoxy)acetamido]- benzamido}-5pyrazolone, etc., the 5 -pyrazolone couplers of Feniak et a1., U.S. 2,933,391,.issued April 19, 1960, such as l-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyh- 3-heptadecyhS-pyrazolone, 1- 2,6-dichlorophenyl) 3-heptadecyl-S-pyrazolone, etc.

(3) Any of the yellow-dye-forming acylacetyl or acylacetanilide type couplers that are sufiiciently ballasted to make them water-insoluble, including the following illustrative examples; the acylacetyl sulfonamide couplers of Weissberger, US. 2,350,138, issued. May 30, 1944-, such as p-benzoylacetamino-N-(p toluenesulfonyl) N-methylaniline, N- (p-benzoylacetaminobenzenesulfonyl) N-benzyl-m-toluidine, etc., the benzoyl acetanilide couplers of McCrossen et al., US. 2,728,658, is-

sued December 27, 1955, such as 4 -(u.-2-methoxybenzoyl-u-chloroacetamido) 3" (4-tert. amylphenoxy) benzanilide, etc., the couplers of Me Crosseu et al., US. 2,875,057, issued February 24, 1959, such as a-{4-[a(2,4-di-tert. amylphenoxy) acetamido1benzoyl} 2 methoxyacetanilide, etc., etc. IV. A substantially water-insoluble 2-alkyl-5-alkyl substituted. hydroquinone having the formula:

wherein R and R each represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, butyl, amyl, tertiary amyl, heXyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, etc. These compounds can be prepared as described in Crevling et al., US. Pat-1 ent 2,899,334, issued August 11, 1959, and/ora corresponding substituted quinone (when both are used they are dispersed from separate solutions in organic solvent).

It has been found that the amount of he substituted hydroquinone present in the emulsion layer is a factor having an important eitect on the formation of the quinhydrone. Too large an excess of the substituted hydroquinone reduces the rate at which the quinhydrone .dye is formed, reduces the maximum density of the dye and may be detrimental to the stability of the dye image. It is, therefore, important to carefully adjust the amount of the substitued hydroquinone used in this dispersion. Although a somewhat wider range of proportions can be used, we have found it most advantageous to use the substituted hydroquinone in the range from 1.5 to 3 times the weight of. silver in the silver halide emulsion.

The receiving paper should be both porousin order to carry along the maximum quantity of the water-insoluble alkali-permeable organic solvent at the time of transfer and suiliciently sized so that the dye does not continue to wander in the paper after transfer which would considerably lower definition. The choice of receiving paper depends on the organic solvent/ gelatin ratio in the phototherrnographic element, on the tem erature at which the transfer is made,the viscosity of the organic solvent containing'the dye, etc. Baryta papentor' example, is the best receiver for transferringsome di-n-butyl phthalate solutions of somedyeswhile the paper used for spirit duplicating purposes gives very acceptable copies; 1

The following representative examples will still further illustrate our photothermographic element and its use.

The pl-l of this composition was 9.70. It was coated at the rate of 60 mg. of dry material per square decimeter. The developer layer was dried, then the following emul sion was coated over it at 8 mg. of silver per square decimeter.

Constituent: Amount Silver chloride emulsion g 112.5 2 hexadecyl-S-methyl hydroquinone dispersion g Distilled. water ml 150 Saponine solution, 151 g./l. ml 7.5 Diacetyl solution, 1.65 g./10tl ml., ml 7.5 Triethylene glycol n; "ml" 30 The" dispersion of Z-hexadecyl-S-methyl hydroquinone had a composition of:

Constituent- Amount Gelatin in 8% solution g 375 Propylated naphthylene sulionate (Alkanol B,

manufactured by Du Pont) g 1.5 Dibutylphthalate ml 50 Z-heXadecyI-S-methyl hydroquinone g 20 This coating was then dried.

Example 2 A photothermographic element was made as in EX- ample 1 but replacing (l) the S-methyl-l-phenyl-ii-pyrazolidone and (2) the l-phenyl-5-mercapto-tetrazolein the developer compositionwith (1) 2 g. of p-methylaminophenol sulfate and (2) 5 ml. of a solution of 39 g. of 5- methyl-benzotriazole in 100' ml. of methanol, respectively.

The photothermographic,elementsof Examples 1 and 2 were designed for exposure by contact printing, while the following example will illustrate an element designed for making enlargements of an original by projection eX- posure.

Example 3 On a 250 g. calendered baryta paper was coated a developer of the followingcornposition.

Constituent Amount Inert 20% gelatin solution ga Saponin solution, 151 g./l. water ml 10 Diacetyl solution, 1.65 g./ 100 ml. water ml 10 Distilled water IIll 300 Isopropylarnine acetate g 10 l-phenyl-B-pyrazolidone 1 Sodium sulfite, dry 1 5? The pH of this material-was adjusted to- 6.5 with acetic acid before coating. It was coated at the rate of 60 mg. of dry material per square decimeter. The developer layer was dried, then the following emulsion was coated over it at 4 mg. of silver per square decimeter.

Constituent: v I Amount Silver chlorobromide emulsion g 45 Z-hexadecyl-S-methylhydroquinone dispersion g 35 Distilled-water g 250 Saponin solution, 151 -g./l. water ml 5 Diaeetyl solution, 1.65 g./ 100 ml. water ml 5 Triethylene glycol ml 5 3-ethyl '5( 3-methyl-2-thiazolinylidene ethylidene)-2-thio-2,4(3,5 -xazole-dione (TTOD dye), 0.5 g./l. methanol ml 2 The dispersion of 2-hexadecyl-5-methylhydroquinone used .in this emulsion had the composition below.

Constituent: Amount Gelatin in 8% solution g.. 200 Propylated naphthylene sulfonate (Alkanol B,

manufactured by Du Pont) g 1 Dibutylphthalate ml 50 2-hexadecyl-5-methylhydroquinone g 20 Thisemulsion coating was then dried.

The preparation of dye negative images in a receiving sheet with our photothermographic elements is illustrated by the following example.

Example 4 A sample of the photothermographic elements of Example 1 was exposed by contact through a negative original in an otfice type copier, such as a Verifax Bantam Copier. The exposed sample was heat developed by passing it for about 15 seconds adjacent to a steam laundry was exposed, developed and transferred to paper receiving sheets to make two copies of good quality.

A sample of the element from Example 3 was exposed with an enlarger by projecting an image on microfilm in reverse position to yield a printwith a right reading image. The exposed element was heat developed and transferred as described above to produce good quality dye negative enlargements of the microfilm original.

Samples of the dye image copies upon prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light (125 w. lamp at 40 cm.) faded slowly with time. The whites of the copies remained unchanged. The keeping characteristics of the images were at least as good as the best prior art thermographic copies.

Direct positive copies can be prepared from an element of Example 3 by exposing and heat developing it as in Example 4 but substituting for the plain paper receiving sheet, a paper sheet containing the quinone of Z-hexadecyl- S-methyI-hydroquinone. However, to obtain good results, it is preferable to reduce theproportio-n of 2-hexadecyl-S-methylhydroquinone in the photothermographic element as is illustrated in the following representative example.

Example 5 A photothermographic element was'made as in Exam- Constituent:

l0 tuted by the following composition coated at 4 mg. of silver per square decimeter.

Constituent: Amount Silver chlorobromide emulsion g 45 2 hexadecyl 5 methylhydroquinone dispersion 'g 1O Distilled water ml 250 Saponin solution, 151 g./l. water ml 5 Diacetyl solution, 1.65 g./ ml. water ml 5 Triethylene glycol ml 5 The dispersion of Z-hexadecyl-S-methylhydroquinone used in this composition was the same as used in Example 3.

The dried element was exposed'by projection enlargement of a microfilm originahand heat developed as described in Example 4, then transferred to a previously heated receiving'sheet (for use with a spirit duplicating 'machine) thatwas coated with 64 g. per square meter .of'the following composition: I

2-hexadecyl-S-methylquinorie V g 2 Trichloroethylene ml 200 A good enlarged quinhydrone direct positive copy of the microfilm original was visible in the receiving-sheet after it was separated from the photothermographic element and cooled. This copy showed the same desirable characteristics as the negative copy.

Example 6 On a 190 g. calendered baryta paper was coated a developer of the following composition.

This solution was coated at the rate of 60 mg. of gelatin per square decimeter.

The developer layer was dried, then an emulsion of the following composition was coated over it at the rate of v 5 mg. of silver per square decimeter.

Amount Silver chlorobromide emulsion containing 1.5

atom-grams of silver and 200 g. of gelatin g 3,500 Dispersion C g 2,400 Saponin solution at g./l ml 400 Mucochloric acid solution at 26.6 g./ 1. ml 40 Triethyleneglycol ml 400 Methanol solution of TT OD dye at 0.5

g./l. ml S-methylbenzotriazole sodium salt solution at 39 g./l. ml 200 Water, to make g 12,000

Dispersion C had the following composition.

Constituent: Amount Inert gelatin, 10% solution g 1,000 Alkanol B g 5.6 Water ml" 160 Thymol aqueous alcoholic solution (50:50) at 21.5 g./l. ml 15 Water ml 100 2-hexadecyl-S-methylhydroquinone 1 g 120 Dibutyl phthalate m 300 To prepare Dispersion C, the gelatin solution, Alkanol B in aqueous solution, thymol in an aqueous alcoholic solution diluted with 100 ml. of Water and substituted mixed Example 7 This example relates to the production of a matrix sheet for obtaining a direct positive copy with an element containing a substituted quinone in the emulsion layer and 1-pl1enyl-3pyrazolidone in the developer sublayer. In this case, the quinone was reduced by the nonoxidized eveloper in the undeveloped areas and, during transfer, such hydroquinone was transferred to such areas with an excess of quinone so as to give quinhydrone on the receiving sheet; while, in the exposed areas, only quinone was transferred to the receiving sheet, so that a direct positive copy was finally obtained.

On a 190 g. calendered baryta support was coated a developer having the following composition.

The constituents were added with stirring in the above order, to the aqueous solution of gelatin (453 g. of gelatin in 3,812 ml. of water) at 40 C. This composition was coated at a rate of 80 mg. of gelatin per square decimeter. An emulsion coating of the following composition was then added.

This composition was prepared by adding the constituents in the above order, with stirring, to the emulsion heated at 40 C.

Dispersion D had the following composition.

Constituent: Amount Solution at 10% of inert gelatin g 1,000 Alkanol B g 5.6 Water ml 160 Aqueous alcoholic solution (50250) of thymol at 21.5 g./l. ml Water ml 100 Dibutyl phtha-late ml 300 Z-Hexadecyl-S-methylquinone g 120 Dispersion D was prepared by stirring the constituents for 1 minute in a high peed mixer.

The emulsion coating was rapidly dried and then conditioned under low relative humidity to RH). This element was particularly designed for projection copying. Transfer was made onto a Verifax Copying Paper to obtain a direct positive copy.

Exalriple 8 On a 190 g. calendered baryta paper was first coated a developer having the following composition.

Constituent: g I Amount Inert gelatin g 453 Water ml-.. 3,812 Isopropylamine acetate g 453 N-methyl-para-am.inophenol sulfate g 113 Sodium sulfite hepathydrate g 22.5 Hydroquinone u g 67.5 Saponin solution at 150 g./l. ml 300 Mucochloric acid solution at 26.6 g./l. rn1 200 Water, 'to make g 7,000

Before adding the water to make 7,000 g., the pH was adjusted to 7. r

This. material was coated. at a rate of mg. of gelatin per square decimeter and the coating was dried.

The following composition was then prepared by adding the various constituents in the above indicated order, with stirring, to the emulsionheated at 40C.

Constituent: Amount Silver chloride emulsion containing 1.15 atomgrams of silver and g. of gelatin g 2,000

Dispersion E g 1,600

Dispersion Q g 1,600

Saponin solution at 150 g./l. "ml-.. 400

Mucochloricacid solution at 26.6 g./l. ml 200 0.5% methanol solution ofTTOD dye ml- Triethyleneglycol "ml" 200 This material was coated at a rate of 6 mg. per square decimeter.

Dispersions E and Q had the following compositions:

Oonstituent Disper-- Dispersion E sion Q,

10% Solution of inert gelatin g 1,000 1,000

Alkanol B g 5. 6 5. 6

' Water ml 100 100 50:50 Aqueous alcoholic solution of thymol at 21.5

g/l ml 15 15 Water ml 1, one 1, 000

2-HexadeeyL5-methylhydroquinone g I.

Z-Horaclecyl-fi-methylquinone g 60 Dibutyl phthalate 1111-. 300 300 These dispersions were prepared by stirring. their constituents for 1 minute in a high-speed mixer.

The emulsion coating containing Dispersions E and Q was rapidly dried and thenconditioned under low relative humidity (30% to 40% RH). By repeating the procedure of Example 4, except that a positive was copied instead of a negative, a quinhydrone direct positive image could be transferred onto Verifax Copying Faper.

Example 9 This example relates to the preparation of an image which is negative with respect to the original, by crossoxidation between a leuco dye and the oxidation product of the developer;

On a 190 g. baryta paper was first coated a developer of the following composition.

Constituent: Amount Gelatin 453 g. Water 3,812 ml. Boric acid 410 g. 1-pl1enyl-3-pyrazolidone 22.4 g. Sodium sulfite heptahydrate 22.4 g. Spaonin solution at 150 g./l. 300 ml. Mucochloric acid solution at 26.6 g./l. 300 ml. Triethylene glycol 300 ml. Sodium hydroxide solution at 100 g./l.

(to adjust pH to 8.5) About 1,100 mi.

Water, to make 7,000 g.

13 This solution was coated at a rate of 80 mg. of gelatin per square declmeter. I

An emulsion of the following composition was then coated.

Constituent: Amount Silver chlorooromide emulsion containing 200 g.

of gelatin and 1.15 atom-grams of silver g 3,500

Dispersion F g 6,000 Saponin solution at 150 g./1 ml 400 Muchochloric acid solution at 26.6 g./l. ml 100 Triethyleneglycol ml 400 S-methylbeniotriazole sodium salt solution at 39 g./l ml 160 Methanol solution at 0.5 g./l. of TTOD dye ml 160 To prepare this composition, the constituents were added with stirring in the above order to the silver chlorobromide emulsion heated at 40 C.

Dispersion F had the following composition.

Constituent: Amount Inert gelatin, 10% solution g 1,000 Alkanol B g 5.6 Water ml 160 50:50 aqueous alcoholic solution of thymol at 21.5 g./l. ml 15 Water ml 100 Glycol salicylate ml 450 Leuco Indonaphthol Blue g 60 respect to the original).

Example 10 This example relates to an embodiment of the invention utilizing the formation of Russig Blue from methoxynaphthol according to the reaction.

OH O I H OxYdant U w A l 1 On a 190 g. calendered baryta paper was coated a material of the following composition.

Constituent: Amount Inert gelatin g 453 Water ml 3,812 Isopropylamine acetate g 453 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone g 45 Sodium sulfite heptahydrate g 22.5 Mucochloric acid solution at 26.6 g./l. ml 200 Saponin solution at 150 g./l ml 300 Water, to make g 7,000

The constituents were added with stirring in the above order to the gelatin solution heated at 40 C.

This composition was coated at a rate of 80 mg. of gelatin per square decimeter.

. 14 On this layer was then coated anemulsion'of the following composition.

Constituent: Amount Silver chlorobromide emulsion containing 200 g.

of gelatin and 1.15 atom-grams of silver g 3,500

Dispersion G g 4,000 Saponin solution at 150 g./l ml 400 Mucochloric solution at 26.6 g./l ml 800 Methanol solution at 0.5 g./l. of TTOD sensitizing dye ml 160 Triethyleneglycol ml 400 Water, to make g 12,000 Dispersion G was prepared by stirring the following 15 constituents for 1 minute in a high speed mixer.

Constituent: Amount Inert gelatin, 10% solution g 1,000 Alkanol B g 5.6 Water ml 160 Aqueous alcoholic solution (50:50) of thymol at 21.5 g./l. ml 15 Water ml 100 Methoxynaphthol g 60 Dibutyl phthalate ml 300' The emulsion was prepared by mixing its constituents with stirring, the silver chlorobromide emulsion being initially at 40 C.

The coatings were rapidly dried and then conditioned 9 under relative humidity to A negative was copied on the resulting element; and, after heat development in the presence of moisture, it Was pressure applied on Verifax Copying Paper to obtain a positive copy (negative with respect to the original).

35 Example 11 This example relates to an embodiment of the invention which utilizes, for forming the dye, a reaction between the oxidation product of a developer of the para-phenylenediamine type and a color-forming coupler.

On a 190 g. calendcred baryta paper was first coated a material of the following composition.

Constituent: Amount Inert gelatin 453 g. Water 3,812 ml.

Boric acid 410 g.

l-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone 22.4 g. Sodium sulfite heptahydrate 44.8 g. Saponin solution at 150 g./l. 300 ml.

Mucochloric acid solution at 26.6 g./l. 200 ml.

Triethyleneglycol 300 ml. Sodium hydroxide solution at 100 g./l. (to adjust pH to 8.5) About 1,100 ml. Water, to make 7,000 g.

To the gelatin solution at a temperature of 40 C., the other constituents were successively added in the above order, with constant stirring. This material was coated at a rate of mg. of gelatin per square decimeter and then dried.

60 A material of the following composition was then coated.

Constituent: Amount Silver chlorobromide emulsion containing 200 g. of gelatin and 1.15 atom-grams of silver g 3,500 Dispersion H g 4,000 Saponin solution at g./l ml 400 Mucochloric solution at 26.6 g./l. ml 100 70 Triethyleneglycol ml 400 Methanol solution of TTOD dye at 0.5

g./l. ml S-methyl-benzotriazole sodium salt solution at 39 g./l ml 160 7 Water, to make g 12,000

s earer U The silver chlorobromide emulsion being at 40 C., the other constituents were successively added in the above order with constant stirring.

Dispersion H was prepared by placing the following constituents in a high speed mixer and by stirring for 1 minute.

Constituent: Amount Inert gelatin, solution g 1,000 Alkanol B g 5.6 Water ml 160 Aqueous alcoholic solution (50:50) of thymol at 21.5 g./l. ..ml Water ml 100 2 (2',4' dianiylphenoxyacetamino) 4,6 dichloro-fl-methylphenol g 150 Dibutyl phthalate "ml" 240 2 methyl 5 (N ethyl N-lauryD-aminotoluene g Dibutyl phthalate il 30 The emulsion was coated at a rate of 6 mg. of silver per square decimeter. It was then rapidly dried and conditioned under low relative humidity (30% to A negative was copied by projection on this element; and, after heat development in the presence of moisture, it was pressure applied on spirit duplicating paper, and a positive copy was finally obtained (negative with respect to the original).

Our invention is still further illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawing that contains FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 which show greatly enlarged across sections of our photothermographic element with the original image or with a receiving sheet.

FIG. 1 shows light source 10 printing through the original image ll onto the photothermographic element comprising lig'nt-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer 12 containing 2-hexadecycl-S-methylhydroquinone that is coated over layer 13 which contains 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone and isopropylamine acetate which, in turn, is coated on support 14-.

FIG'Z shows the plain paper receiving sheet 15 which has been contacted with layer 16 of the hot developed phototherniographic clement, said layer containing the 2 hexadecycl-5-methylqninone, 2 hexadecyl S-methylhydroquinone and silver negative image 17, then separated from the layer, allowed to cool to obtain the quinhydrone dye negative image to in receiving sheet 15 formed from the Z-hexadecycl-S-methylhydroquinone and Z-hexadecyl- S-methylquinone transferred from layer 18.

FIG. 3 shows the Z-hexadecyl-S-methylquinone coated paper receiving sheet 19 which has been contacted with layer 13 or" the hot developed photothermographic element, then separated from the element and allowed. to cool to obtain the 2-hexadecyl-S-methylquinhydrone dye positive image 2% formed by the transfer of unused 2- hexadecyl-S-rnethylhydroquinone to receiving sheet l9 where it reacted with the 2-hexadecyl-5-.methylquinone of sheet 19.

The novel photothermographic elements of our invention are valuable for making stable dye image copies of an original image by contact or projection printing or by exposure in a camera of the Photostat copier type, followed by a rapid, and simple heat process with a subsequent transfer step. The transferred dye images on the copies are substantially free of processing chemicals and unused silver halide, and therefore have optimum stability. Cross-oxidation reactions are utilized which take place only under the conditions of heat processing. Since these reactions take place at much lower pH levels than would be required in conventional color-forming reactions, the pH of the developing layer of the element is relatively low and results in elements having better stability than would otherwise be possible. Some of the elements processed according to our invention prodries negative dye images andtlie others positi dye images of the original. i i

The invention has been-described in det; ticular reference to preferred embodiments it will be understood that variations can be efiected within the spirit and scope o as described hereinabove and as defined in claims.

We claim:

1. A light-sensitive photo-thermographic element comprising:

(a) a support, coated with a (b) a first layer comprising a l'iydrophilic colloid binder; an alkaline salt selected from the class consisting of an alkali metal salt of a weal: acid and an amine salt of a weal; acid; and a nontanning silver halide developing agent selected from the class consistiug of a 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone, a p-phenylenedianiine, and a p-niethylaminophenol; and coated over said layer, I

(c) a second layer comprising'a hydrophilic colloid; a

dispersion oi ligh sensitive silver halide; and a solution of a substantially Wateninsoluble compound selected from the class consisting of a 2-alkyl-5-alkylhydroquinone and a Z-alkyhS-allcylquinone, dissolved in a substantially water-insoluble.alkali-permeable solvent selected from the class consisting of liqni esters of higher monohydroxy alcohols and the w xy esters of alcohols which melt andbecome liquid in the temperature-range of from about 70 C. to about C.

2. A light-sensitive phototherrnographic element of claim 1 in which the second layer includes a solution of a Z-allryl-5-alkylquinone dissolved in a substantially waterinsoluble, alkali-permeable solvent selected from the class consisting of liquid esters of higher monohydroxy alcohols and the waxy esters of alcohols which melt and hes me liquid in the temperature range of from about 70 C. to about 19" C., when the solution in the second layer of said element contains a Z-aliryl-S-alkyLydroquinone.

3. A light-sensitive photothermographic lement comprising:

(a) a paper support, coated with (Z2) a first hydrophilic colloid layer comprising a binder, sodium metaborate-SH O and S-rhethyl-lphenyl-B-pyrazolidone and coated over said layer,

(0) a second hydrophilic colloid layerv comprising a binder having dispersed therein light-sensitive silver halide and Z-hexadecyl-S-rnethyl hydroquinone dissolved in dibutylphthalate.

4. A light-sensitive photothermograph-ic element comprising:

-(a) a paper support, coated with (b) a first hydrophilic colloid layer comprising a binder, sodium metaborate-SH O and l-phenyl-S-pyrazolidone and coated over said layer,

(c) a second hydrophilic colloid layer comprising a inder having dispersed therein light-sensitive silver halide and 2 hexadecyl-S-methylquinone dissolved in dibutylphthalate.

5. A light-sensitive phototherniographic element cornprisin":

(a) a paper support, coatedwith (b) a first hydrophilic colloid layer comprising a bind-er, isopropylamine acetate and p-rnethylaminophenol sulfate and coated over said layer,

(a) a second hydrop-hilic colloid layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein light-sensitive silver halide, Z-heXadecyhS-rnethylhydroquinone dissolved in dibutylphthalate and 2-hexadecyl-5-methylquinone dissolved in dibutylphthalate.

6. A processv for producing a copy containing a colored image of an original image with a light'sens-itive photothermographic element that contains a latent image of said original image, said element comprising:

(a) a support, coated with (b) a first layer comprising a hydrophilic colloid hinder; an alkaline salt selected from the class consisting of an alkali metal salt of a Weak acid and an amine salt of a weak acid; and a nontanning silver [halide developing agent selected from the class consisting of a 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone, a p-phenylenediamine, and a p-methylaminophenol; and coated over said layer,

(c) a second layer comprising a hydrophilic colloid;

a dispersion of light-sensitive silver halide; and a solution of a substantially water-insoluble compound selected from the class consisting of a .-2-alkyl-5-alkyl hyd roquinone and a 2-alkyl-5-alkylquinone, dissolved in a substantially water-insoluble alkali-permeable solvent selected from the class consisting of liquid esters of higher monohydroxy alcohols and the Waxy esters of alcohols which melt and become liquid in the temperature range of from about 70 C. to about 100 C.;

said process comprising the steps:

(1) treating said photothermognaphic element containing the latent image with steam to raise its temperature to the range :of from about 7 O to about 100 C. so that the nontanning developing agent develops the light exposed areas of said latent image to a silver image and storms corresponding areas of oxidized nontanning silver halide developer against a background of unoxidized nontannin-g developer which cross-oxidizes the said water-insoluble compound selected from the class consisting of a 2-alkyl-5-alkylhydroquinone and a 2-alkyl-5-alkylquinone to produce the corresponding 2-alkyl-5-alkylquinhydrone dye image;

(2) transferring the said 2-alkyl5-alkylquinhydrone dye image to a paper receiving sheet by contacting said second layer of said hot element with said paper receiving sheet; and

(3) separating said receiving sheet irorn said hot element leaving said 2-alkyl-Selkylquinhydrone dye image reproduction of said original on said receiving sheet.

7. A process for producing a copy containing a quinhydrone negative image of an original with a light-sensitive photothermographic element comprising:

(a) a paper support, coated with -(b) a first hydrophilic colloid layer comprising a binder, sodium metaborate-8H O and S-methyl-lphenyl-3 -py-razolidone and coated over said layer,

() a second hydrophilic colloid layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein light-sensitive silver halide and Z-hexadecyl-S-methylhydroquinone dissolved in dibutylphthalate,

said process comprising the steps:

(1) exposing the said element to light through an original image,

(2) treating said exposed element to steam to raise its temperature to the range of lir-orn 70 to 100 C.,

(3) contacting the second colloid layer of the said hot element with a plain paper receiving sheet, and

(4) separating said receiving sheet from said hot element leaving a quinhydrone negative image of the said original on the cooled receiving sheet.

8. A process for producing a copy containing a quinihydrone positive image of an original with a light-sensitive photot-hermographic element comprising:

(a) a paper support, coated with (b) a first hydrophilic colloid layer comprising a h-inder, sodium metabor-ate-8H O .and S-methyl-lphenyl-3-pyrazolid-one and coated over said layer,

(c) a second hydrophi-lic colloid layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein light-sensitive silver halide and 2-hexadecyl-S-methylhydroquinone dissolved in dibutylphthalate,

said process comprising the steps:

('1) exposing the said element to light through an original image,

(2) treating said exposed element to steam to raise its temperature to the range of from 7-0 to 100 C.,

(3) contacting the colloid layer of the said hot element with a paper receiving sheet that contains 2-hexadecy1-5-methylquinone, and

(4) separating said receiving sheet from said hot element leaving a quinhydrone positive image of said original on the cooled receiving sheet.

9. A process for producing a copy containing a quinhydrone positive image of an original with a light-sensitive photothermographic element comprising:

(a) a paper support, coated with (b) a first hydrophilic colloid layer comprising a :binder sodium metahorate-8H O and lHphenyl-B-pyrazolidone and coated over said layer,

(0) a second hydrophilic colloid layer comprising a binder having dispersed therein light-sensitive silver halide and Z-hexadecyl-S-methylquinone dissolved in dibutylphthalate,

said process comprising the steps:

(-1) exposing the said element to light through an original image,

(2) treating said exposed element to steam to raise its temperature to the range of from 70 to 100 C.,

=(3) contacting the colloid layer of the said hot element with a paper receiving sheet, and

(4) separating said receiving sheet from said hot element leaving a quinhydnone positive image of said original on the cooled receiving sheet.

NORMAN G. TOROHIN, Primary Examiner.

Claims

1. A LIGHT-SENSITIVE PHOTOTHERMOGRAPHIC ELEMENT COMPRISING: (A) A SUPPORT, COATED WITH (B) A FIRST LAYER COMPRISING A HYDROPHILLIC COLLOID BINDER; AN ALKALINE SALT SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF AN ALKALI METAL SALT OF A WEAK ACID AND AN AMINE SALT OF A WEAK ACID; AND A NONTANNING SILVER HALIDE DEVELOPING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF 1-PHENYL-3-PYRAZOLIDONE, A P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE, AND A P-METHYLAMINOPHENOL; AND COATED OVER SAID LAYER, (C) A SECOND LAYER COMPRISING A HYDROPHILIC COLLOID; A DISPERSION OF LIGHT-SENSITIVE SILVER HALIDE; AND A SOLUTION OF A SUBSTANTIALLY WATER-INSOLUBLE COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF 2-ALKYL-5-ALKYLHYDROQUINONE AND A 2-ALKYL-5-ALKYLQUINONE, DISSOLVED IN A SUBSTANTIALLY WATER-INSOLUBLE ALKALI-PERMEABLE SOLVENT SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF LIQUID ESTERS OF HIGHER MONOHYDROXY ALCOHOLS AND THE WAXY ESTERS OF ALCOHOLS WHICH MELT AND BECOME LIQUID IN THE TEMPERATUJRE RANGE OF FROM ABOUT 70*C. TO ABOUT 100*C.