US3193059A - Flexible supported post - Google Patents

Flexible supported post Download PDF

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Publication number
US3193059A
US3193059A US69662A US6966260A US3193059A US 3193059 A US3193059 A US 3193059A US 69662 A US69662 A US 69662A US 6966260 A US6966260 A US 6966260A US 3193059 A US3193059 A US 3193059A
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Prior art keywords
pipe
sidewalk
concrete
post
surrounding
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Expired - Lifetime
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US69662A
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Jr Leon Wallerstein
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Lord Manufacturing Co
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Lord Manufacturing Co
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22—Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • E04H12/2253—Mounting poles or posts to the holder
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/60—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs
    • E01F9/623—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by form or by structural features, e.g. for enabling displacement or deflection
    • E01F9/627—Upright bodies, e.g. marker posts or bollards; Supports for road signs characterised by form or by structural features, e.g. for enabling displacement or deflection self-righting after deflection or displacement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S411/00—Expanded, threaded, driven, headed, tool-deformed, or locked-threaded fastener
    • Y10S411/904—Fastener or fastener element composed of nonmetallic material
    • Y10S411/907—Elastomeric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/45—Flexibly connected rigid members
    • Y10T403/455—Elastomer interposed between radially spaced members

Definitions

  • This invention is a post, such as used for parking meters and the like, having a flexible supporting structure adapted to be set in concrete with its upper surface substantially flush with the surface of a sidewalk. When so installed, the post is solidly anchored against theft and yet will yield under the impact of automobile bumpers to an extent sufficient to prevent injury to the post and the surrounding sidewalk.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation of a parking meter on a flexibly supported post and FIGS. 2 and 3 are sectional views of modifications of the flexible support for the post.
  • the invention is shown applied to the conventional pipe support 1 for a parking meter 2 which is usually mounted curbside in a sidewalk 3 so as to be accessible to motorists and out of the way of pedestrians.
  • the meter is suitably fixed to the upper end of the post as protection against theft and for the same reason, the lower end of the post is usually set in poured concrete.
  • This provides a rigid support for the post which makes both the post and the surrounding sidewalk subject to injury due to impact of automobile bumpers.
  • resilient or flexible joints be located in the post at some point above the surface of the sidewalk but above surface joints are costly and vulnerable to theft.
  • the post may be pressed into a bore .6 in the body which tightly grips the post. If the grip on the post is inadequate, it may be supplemented by an adhesive or a mechanical interlock may be provided between the post and the body.
  • the lower end of the post may be screwed into a flange 7 which provides a mechanical interlock positively preventing lifting of the post out of the rubber body.
  • Other interlocking projections may be used to pin or key or anchor the post to the body.
  • the pipe flange 7 is a conveniently available structure for providing an enlargement at the lower end of the pipe, preventing the removal.
  • the body 5 is of double conical or hourglass shape having a waist or region of minimum diameter 8 at the center and enlarged upper and lower heads 9 and 10.
  • the head 9 has an outwardly extending flange 11, the under surface 12 of which is flush with the upper surface of the sidewalk.
  • the rubber body 5 and flange 7 are mounted on the lower end of the post and the body is set in a suitable hole. If the flange 7 is omitted, the 'body need not be mounted on the post prior to setting in the hole.
  • the post may be assembled into the body at some later time with or without an adhesive.
  • the hole is then filled with concrete and leveled off flush with the surface of the sidewalk. This embeds the rubber body 5 solidly in concrete where it cannot be removed due to the interlock provided by the double conical shape.
  • the underside 12 of the flange 11 may be provided with an annular rib 13 which will 'be embedded in the sidewalk but this is not essential.
  • the post After the concrete has set, the post is solidly anchored and at the same time is flexibly supported so that it and the surrounding sidewalk are protected from injury by impact from automobile bumpers. Under impact, the
  • the rubber body 14 is of conical shape with the base of the cone uppermost and provided with an enlarged head 15 with a flange 16 overlying the upper surface of the sidewalk.
  • the pipe 1 is pressed into a bore 17 of the body and is screwed into a pipe flange 7.
  • the body 17 Around the pipe flange 7 the body 17 has an enlargement 19 which interlocks with the poured concrete. and prevents removal.
  • the installation and operation are similar to FIG. 1.
  • the rubber body 14 and pipe flange 16 are installed on the lower end of the pipe 1 and set in concrete which is leveled off flush with the sidewalk.
  • the flexible connection to the pipe is below the surface of the sidewalk and is not vulnerable to theft.
  • the pipe pivots about point Y, below the surface of the sidewalk.
  • the rubber body 20 is of conical shape but in this instance the base of the cone is downward.
  • the body has a bore 21 into which the lower end of the pipe is pressed and the lower pipe end of the pipe is screwed into a pipe flange 22.
  • the enlarged lower end of the body provides a positive interlock with the poured concrete. Under impact, the pipe pivots about point Z, thereby protecting the pipe and the surrounding sidewalk against damage.
  • any of the rubber bodies may be provided with cored out openings as indicated in dotted lines at 23 in FIG. 1. All of the rubber bodies have a subsurface enlargement interlocking with the concrete.
  • the lower end of the post is anchored by friction or adhesive or by mechanical interlock in a rubber body which provides the flexible support and the rubber body is set in concrete in the usual manner. This provides protection against impact and also against theft in a simple and inexpensive manner.
  • a post for parking meters and the like comprising in combination a conventional pipe post positioned curb side of the sidewalk with the lower end of the pipe depending below the surface of the sidewalk and with the upper end of the pipe extending above the surface of the sidewalk in position to support a parking meter or the like, an elastomeric anchoring body below the surface of the sidewalk having a vertical bore through which the lower terminal end portion of the pipe extends, said body extending downwardly at least to the terminal end of the pipe and completely surrounding said end portion laterally, said end portion having laterally extending .anchoring means thereon and within the confines of said body, the wall of the bore completely surrounding and tightly gripping said end portion and said anchoring means for preventing upward withdrawal of the pipe from the body, a mass of poured concrete completely surrounding the body laterally and at its lower terminal surface, said concrete set against the body with the upper terminal end of the body exposed and the pipe extending thereabove from said bore, the upper surface of said concrete and said upper terminal end being adjacent the surface of the sidewalk whereby forces of impact of automobile bumpers
  • the anchoring means for said end portion of the pipe comprises a pipe flange at the lower end of the bore fixed to saidend portion of the pipe, said flange being of larger diameter than the bore and providing 'a mechanical interlock positively preventing upward withdrawalof .the pipe from the body. .3.
  • the post of claim 1 in Which the upper terminal end of the body has a projecting flange overlying the upper surface of the concrete.

Description

y 1955 L. WALLERSTEIN, JR 3,193,059
Filed Nov. 16, 1960 r Q I V I 0 v v INVENTOR. imv Mam/4w 9 0 fl w- United States Patent.
3,193,059 FLEXIBLY SUPPORTED PDST Leon Wallerstein, Jr., Erie, Pa., assignor to Lord Manufacturing Company, Erie, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Filed Nov. 16, 1960, Ser. No. 69,662 3 Claims. (Cl. 189-29) This invention is a post, such as used for parking meters and the like, having a flexible supporting structure adapted to be set in concrete with its upper surface substantially flush with the surface of a sidewalk. When so installed, the post is solidly anchored against theft and yet will yield under the impact of automobile bumpers to an extent sufficient to prevent injury to the post and the surrounding sidewalk.
In the accompanying drawing, FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation of a parking meter on a flexibly supported post and FIGS. 2 and 3 are sectional views of modifications of the flexible support for the post.
The invention is shown applied to the conventional pipe support 1 for a parking meter 2 which is usually mounted curbside in a sidewalk 3 so as to be accessible to motorists and out of the way of pedestrians. The meter is suitably fixed to the upper end of the post as protection against theft and for the same reason, the lower end of the post is usually set in poured concrete. This provides a rigid support for the post which makes both the post and the surrounding sidewalk subject to injury due to impact of automobile bumpers. As protection against such injury, it has been proposed that resilient or flexible joints be located in the post at some point above the surface of the sidewalk but above surface joints are costly and vulnerable to theft.
These disadvantages are overcome by a subsurface joint in which the lower end 4 of the post is supported in a body 5 of rubber or other suitable elastomer. Conveniently, the post may be pressed into a bore .6 in the body which tightly grips the post. If the grip on the post is inadequate, it may be supplemented by an adhesive or a mechanical interlock may be provided between the post and the body. For example, the lower end of the post may be screwed into a flange 7 which provides a mechanical interlock positively preventing lifting of the post out of the rubber body. Other interlocking projections may be used to pin or key or anchor the post to the body. The pipe flange 7 is a conveniently available structure for providing an enlargement at the lower end of the pipe, preventing the removal.
The body 5 is of double conical or hourglass shape having a waist or region of minimum diameter 8 at the center and enlarged upper and lower heads 9 and 10. The head 9 has an outwardly extending flange 11, the under surface 12 of which is flush with the upper surface of the sidewalk.
In installation, the rubber body 5 and flange 7 are mounted on the lower end of the post and the body is set in a suitable hole. If the flange 7 is omitted, the 'body need not be mounted on the post prior to setting in the hole. The post may be assembled into the body at some later time with or without an adhesive. The hole is then filled with concrete and leveled off flush with the surface of the sidewalk. This embeds the rubber body 5 solidly in concrete where it cannot be removed due to the interlock provided by the double conical shape. The underside 12 of the flange 11 may be provided with an annular rib 13 which will 'be embedded in the sidewalk but this is not essential.
After the concrete has set, the post is solidly anchored and at the same time is flexibly supported so that it and the surrounding sidewalk are protected from injury by impact from automobile bumpers. Under impact, the
3,193,959 Patented July 6, 1965 post pivots about point X, thereby providing the flexibility needed to prevent injury under impact. With this construction, the flexible connection to the post is below the surface of the sidewalk so that it is not vulnerable to theft. The installation of the post at curbside is carried out in the same manner as the conventional parking meter post.
:FIGS. 2 and =3 show modifications of the shape of the rubber body. -In FIG. 2 the rubber body 14 is of conical shape with the base of the cone uppermost and provided with an enlarged head 15 with a flange 16 overlying the upper surface of the sidewalk. As in FIG. 1, the pipe 1 is pressed into a bore 17 of the body and is screwed into a pipe flange 7. Around the pipe flange 7 the body 17 has an enlargement 19 which interlocks with the poured concrete. and prevents removal.
The installation and operation are similar to FIG. 1. The rubber body 14 and pipe flange 16 are installed on the lower end of the pipe 1 and set in concrete which is leveled off flush with the sidewalk. Here again, the flexible connection to the pipe is below the surface of the sidewalk and is not vulnerable to theft. Under impact, the pipe pivots about point Y, below the surface of the sidewalk.
In the construction of FIG. 3, the rubber body 20 is of conical shape but in this instance the base of the cone is downward. The body has a bore 21 into which the lower end of the pipe is pressed and the lower pipe end of the pipe is screwed into a pipe flange 22. The enlarged lower end of the body provides a positive interlock with the poured concrete. Under impact, the pipe pivots about point Z, thereby protecting the pipe and the surrounding sidewalk against damage.
Any of the rubber bodies may be provided with cored out openings as indicated in dotted lines at 23 in FIG. 1. All of the rubber bodies have a subsurface enlargement interlocking with the concrete.
In all forms of the invention, the lower end of the post is anchored by friction or adhesive or by mechanical interlock in a rubber body which provides the flexible support and the rubber body is set in concrete in the usual manner. This provides protection against impact and also against theft in a simple and inexpensive manner.
What is claimed as new is:
1. A post for parking meters and the like comprising in combination a conventional pipe post positioned curb side of the sidewalk with the lower end of the pipe depending below the surface of the sidewalk and with the upper end of the pipe extending above the surface of the sidewalk in position to support a parking meter or the like, an elastomeric anchoring body below the surface of the sidewalk having a vertical bore through which the lower terminal end portion of the pipe extends, said body extending downwardly at least to the terminal end of the pipe and completely surrounding said end portion laterally, said end portion having laterally extending .anchoring means thereon and within the confines of said body, the wall of the bore completely surrounding and tightly gripping said end portion and said anchoring means for preventing upward withdrawal of the pipe from the body, a mass of poured concrete completely surrounding the body laterally and at its lower terminal surface, said concrete set against the body with the upper terminal end of the body exposed and the pipe extending thereabove from said bore, the upper surface of said concrete and said upper terminal end being adjacent the surface of the sidewalk whereby forces of impact of automobile bumpers on the pipe are cushioned by the elastomer surrounding the pipe and interposed between the pipe and the concrete, said body having a laterally projecting portion with an upwardly directed surface interlocking with the concrete below the upper surface thereof to solidly anchor the body in the concrete against theft, and said body providing a subsurface yieldable support for the pipe preventing injury to the pipe and the surrounding sidewalk under the impact of automobile bumpers. 1
2. The post of claim 1 in which the anchoring means for said end portion of the pipe comprises a pipe flange at the lower end of the bore fixed to saidend portion of the pipe, said flange being of larger diameter than the bore and providing 'a mechanical interlock positively preventing upward withdrawalof .the pipe from the body. .3. The post of claim 1 in Which the upper terminal end of the body has a projecting flange overlying the upper surface of the concrete.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 196,561 '10/77 Chandler et al. 1 50-189 260,961 7/82 Plickinger SO-189' 440,938 1 1/90 Anthoni 50-104. 557,834 4/96 Kutzner '50-1-89 X 730,966 7 6/03 Reed 1 50-189, 880,992 'Hayes 1 50-1'89 Kanski 189-90 Smith 50-465 Franklin.
Sipe 50-346 X Frei 189-23 Betcone 50-404 X Yeoman 94-8 Hutton 248-358 Phillips 50-471 Haarmann. x
FOREIGN PATENTS,
Great Britain. Great Britain.
1 France.
Y BENJAMIN B-ENDETT, Examiners.

Claims (1)

1. A POST FOR PARKING METERS AND THE LIKE COMPRISING IN COMBINATION A CONVENTIONAL PIPE POST POSITIONED CURB SIDE OF THE SIDEWALK WITH THE LOWER END OF THE PIPE DEPENDING BELOW THE SURFACE OF THE SIDEWALK AND WITH THE UPPER END OF THE PIPE EXTENDING ABOVE THE SURFACE OF THE SIDEWALK IN POSITION TO SUPPORT A PARKING METER OR THE LIKE, AN ELASTOMERIC ANCHORING BODY BELOW THE SURFACE OF THE SIDEWALK HAVING A VERTICAL BORE THROUGH WHICH THE LOWER TERMINAL END PORTION OF THE PIPE EXTENDS, SAID BODY EXTENDING DOWNWARDLY AT LEAST TO THE TERMINAL END OF THE PIPE AND COMPLETELY SURROUNDING SAID END PORTION LATEALLY, SAID END PORTION HAVING LATERALLY EXTENDING ANCHORING MEANS THEREON AND WITH THE CONFINES OF SAID BODY, THE WALL OF THE BORE COMPLETELY SURROUNDING AND TIGHTLY GRIPPING SAID END PORTION AND SAID ANCHORING MEANS FOR PREVENTING UPWARD WITHDRAWAL OF THE PIPE FROM THE BODY, A MASS OF POURED CONCRETE COMPLETELY SURROUNDING THE BODY LATERALLY AND AT ITS LOWER TERMINAL SURFACE, SAID CONCRETE SET AGAINST THE BODY WITH THE UPPER TERMINAL END OF THE BODY EXPOSED AND THE PIPE EXTENDING THEREABOVE FROM SAID BORE, THE UPPER SURFACE OF SAID CONCRETE AND SAID UPPER TERRMINAL END BEING ADJACENT THE SURFACE OF THE SIDEWALK WHEREBY FORCES OF IMPACT OF AUTOMOBILE BUMPERS ON THE PIPE ARE CUSHIONED BY THE ELASTOMER SURROUNDING THE PIPE AND INTERPOSED BETWEEN THE PIPE AND THE CONCRETE, SAID BODY HAVING A LATERALLY PROJECTING PORTION WITH AN UPWARDLY DIRECTED SURFACE INTERLOCKING WITH THE CONCRETE BELOW THE UPPER SURFACE THEREOF TO SOLIDLY ANCHOR THE BODY IN THE CONCRETE AGAINST THEFT, AND SAID BODY PROVIDING A SUBSURFACE YIELDABLE SUPPORT FOR THE PIPE PREVENTING INJURY TO THE PIPE AND THE SURROUNDING SIDEWALK UNDER THE IMPACT OF AUTOMOBILE BUMPERS.
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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3290851A (en) * 1963-08-12 1966-12-13 Grinnell Corp Concrete insert
US3300918A (en) * 1964-01-08 1967-01-31 Frank A Maule Survey stake protector
US3385565A (en) * 1966-09-16 1968-05-28 Cuthbert Fred Roadway divider fence construction
US3833944A (en) * 1973-05-24 1974-09-10 Amoy Res And Dev Co Fluid containing structure
US4284367A (en) * 1977-11-04 1981-08-18 Enterprise D'equipements Mecaniques Et Hydrauliques Movable-joint device for connecting a sea-bed exploitation column to its base, connecting and disconnecting processes using the said device, and joint element used in the said device
US4406094A (en) * 1980-02-28 1983-09-27 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Apparatus for anchoring self-supporting, tall structures
US4875808A (en) * 1988-04-14 1989-10-24 Kellison Roger C Seismic anchor
US4920715A (en) * 1988-03-08 1990-05-01 Shakespeare Company Breakaway utility pole
FR2641557A1 (en) * 1989-01-11 1990-07-13 Concept Urbain Device for fastening a post or pole to the ground
DE4414794A1 (en) * 1994-04-28 1995-11-02 Kurt R B Wanke Fastening socket plinth for posts and tubes esp. for fixing road signs etc. in ground
US5468093A (en) * 1994-08-19 1995-11-21 Voigt Products, Incorporated Resilient safety barrier
US6256961B1 (en) 1998-08-27 2001-07-10 Dennis S. Byrnes Utility pole base construction
US6289636B1 (en) * 1999-06-01 2001-09-18 Pom Incorporated Easy parking meter post replacement without excavating the street or sidewalk
US6438904B1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2002-08-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Root wrapping type aseismic reinforcement construction and method for base of column member
US20050285011A1 (en) * 2004-06-23 2005-12-29 Harwood Ronald P Support base for a structural pole
US20070029459A1 (en) * 2005-08-03 2007-02-08 Mark Hanson Outdoor lighting assembly
US20070058363A1 (en) * 2005-09-06 2007-03-15 Copeland S D Wound-In Tenon/Wound-In Tenon Collar for Attachment of Luminaire
US7490964B2 (en) 2002-10-09 2009-02-17 Genlyte Thomas Group Llc Modular pole system for a light fixture
NL1036171C2 (en) * 2008-11-07 2009-10-05 Johan Nol Leeffers Pole or fence for being anchored in floor or wall to protect floor or wall approaching vehicle
US8061666B1 (en) 2008-08-05 2011-11-22 Philips Electronics Ltd Adapter assembly for pole luminaire
US8444343B2 (en) 2011-05-27 2013-05-21 Mccue Corporation Impact-absorbing anchoring assembly for protective barrier
US8827231B1 (en) * 2011-03-09 2014-09-09 Donald H. Blair Stanchion for anchoring exercise apparatus
US10184222B2 (en) * 2016-06-29 2019-01-22 Hubbell Incorporated Collar and anchor kits
EP3656927A1 (en) * 2018-11-19 2020-05-27 Jens Freitag Device for use in a floor
US11154152B2 (en) 2019-02-01 2021-10-26 Jerry R. Hammar Mailbox support system

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US260961A (en) * 1882-07-11 Fence-post
US440938A (en) * 1890-11-18 Thoni
US557834A (en) * 1896-04-07 Fence-post
US730966A (en) * 1903-01-31 1903-06-16 Emmet J Cress Fence-post.
US880992A (en) * 1907-08-17 1908-03-03 Jasper N Hayes Fence-post.
US889240A (en) * 1907-09-28 1908-06-02 Roman T Kanski Protective setting for metallic bodies in concrete.
US1118159A (en) * 1914-02-14 1914-11-24 Samuel H Smith Fastening device.
US1743492A (en) * 1927-08-02 1930-01-14 Harry E Sipe Resilient plug, dowel, and coupling pin
US1726817A (en) * 1928-01-31 1929-09-03 Mark B Franklin Traffic signal
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US2137767A (en) * 1937-12-17 1938-11-22 David S Betcone Building construction
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US2605680A (en) * 1945-02-23 1952-08-05 Texas Foundries Inc Load transfer device
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US2909054A (en) * 1956-01-13 1959-10-20 George T Phillips Anchor for securing accessories to concrete and the like
US2987290A (en) * 1956-12-03 1961-06-06 Haarmann Arnold Prop arrangement for mines
FR1230711A (en) * 1958-11-05 1960-09-19 Indicator stake of rubber or similar material intended more particularly to define the edge of a road
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Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3290851A (en) * 1963-08-12 1966-12-13 Grinnell Corp Concrete insert
US3300918A (en) * 1964-01-08 1967-01-31 Frank A Maule Survey stake protector
US3385565A (en) * 1966-09-16 1968-05-28 Cuthbert Fred Roadway divider fence construction
US3833944A (en) * 1973-05-24 1974-09-10 Amoy Res And Dev Co Fluid containing structure
US4284367A (en) * 1977-11-04 1981-08-18 Enterprise D'equipements Mecaniques Et Hydrauliques Movable-joint device for connecting a sea-bed exploitation column to its base, connecting and disconnecting processes using the said device, and joint element used in the said device
US4406094A (en) * 1980-02-28 1983-09-27 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Apparatus for anchoring self-supporting, tall structures
US4920715A (en) * 1988-03-08 1990-05-01 Shakespeare Company Breakaway utility pole
US4875808A (en) * 1988-04-14 1989-10-24 Kellison Roger C Seismic anchor
FR2641557A1 (en) * 1989-01-11 1990-07-13 Concept Urbain Device for fastening a post or pole to the ground
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