US3217715A - Smoke filter and smoking devices formed therewith - Google Patents

Smoke filter and smoking devices formed therewith Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3217715A
US3217715A US458050A US45805065A US3217715A US 3217715 A US3217715 A US 3217715A US 458050 A US458050 A US 458050A US 45805065 A US45805065 A US 45805065A US 3217715 A US3217715 A US 3217715A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
filter
activated carbon
plug
percent
constituents
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US458050A
Inventor
Richard M Berger
Reavis C Sproull
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Filtrona Richmond Inc
Original Assignee
American Filtrona Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Filtrona Corp filed Critical American Filtrona Corp
Priority to US458050A priority Critical patent/US3217715A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3217715A publication Critical patent/US3217715A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24DCIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A24D3/163Carbon
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24DCIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to smoke filters, and is particularly concerned with the provision of a smoke filter in which particles having both solid and gas phase filtration activity, specifically, activated carbon, are largely, if not solely, responsible for the filtering or smoke modification characteristics thereof. Further, the invention is concerned with smoking devices, particularly cigarettes, incorporating such filters.
  • Cigarette filters in widespread commercial use at the present time comprise, at least predominantly, filaments or fibers of a continuous nature. Specifically, in most all instances, the cigarette filters are formed from a processed paper structure or from so-called filamentary tow. Such filters are, in and of themselves, subject to certain limitations even though powdered additives can be incorporated therein.
  • the commercially acceptable filamentary smoke filters have the filaments or fibers thereof in a general longitudinal alignment, and as indicated, such fibrous filaments are of a continuous nature throughout the filter body. Accordingly, the manner in which the blending of desirable materials can be achieved are substantially limited. Moreover, with such filter structures, density properties, resistance to draw properties, filtration efficiency, hardness properties, and the surface areas of smoke controlling and/or modifying materials are only adjustable within relatively minimum ranges.
  • activated carbon possesses desirable properties for use in a smoke filter.
  • the use of activated carbon has been generally limited because of the structure of the filters with which activated carbon has been previously associted.
  • activated carbon could, at best, take the form of a powdered additive, rather than a predominant structural material within the filter.
  • a cigarette filter be formed of two spaced tow sections having loose activated carbon particles disposed therebetween, with the filter sections and the intermediate carbon being maintained in position by a paper overwrap, or the like.
  • Dispersing of carbon particles in a filamentary tow does not sufficiently overcome the limitations on tow type filters, nor does it permit one to take full advantage of the activated carbon particles. Forming a filter with loose particles is not only expensive, but also the same results in sloppy handling and some inefficiency due to the inability to completely fill, on a commercial machine, the space between the two filter sections with the particles. As a result, the smoke can channel through the particle section without effective filtration therein.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a smoke filter wherein particles having both solid and gas phase activity such as activated carbon particles form a predominant structural part of the filter.
  • a smoke filter structure which consists essentially of activated carbon particles bonded together by a bonding agent to provide a stable filter structure suitable for use with a smoking device, e.g., as a cigarette filter, as a pipe filter, as a cigar filter, and/ or for other smoke filtering purposes, and capable of operating with increased filtration efiiciency.
  • the bonding agent can be one of the presently commercially available comparatively inexpensive thermoplastic bonding agents, preferably a polyhydrocarbon, more particularly, polyethylene or polypropylene.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal elevational view of one form of cigarette constructed in accordance herewith;
  • FIGURE 2 is an illustrative enlarged fragmental sectional view of a part of the filter section of the cigarette shown in FIGURE 1; v
  • FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal sectional view through a portion of the preferred form of cigarette constructed in accordance herewith.
  • the so-called filter tip cigarette shown therein is generally designated by the numeral 10.
  • This cigarette as usual, includes a tobacco section 12 and a filter section 14. Both the tobacco section 12 and the filter section 14 are of rod-like shape, with the filter section 14 being shorter than the tobacco section 12, and with both sections being joined together by a conventional paper overwrap extending for the length of the cigarette 10.
  • the overwrap as customary, has opposed longitudinal edges overlapped and secured together by a suitable adhesive. While this cigarette is made in accordance with the invention, the preferred cigarette construction is presented in FIGURE 3 and discussed more fully below. For convenience, attention is now directed to the filter section 14, and thereafter consideration is given to the preferred cigarette construction hereof.
  • FIG. 2 An enlarged portion of the filter section 14 is presented in the exemplary FIGURE 2.
  • the filtering or carbon particles are designated by the letter C and the binder material is designated by the letter B.
  • the filtering particles C are tack welded together by discrete bonding means in the form of the bonding bridges B defined essentially alone by the thermoplastic bonding material, these bonding means B being predominantly individually smaller than the activated carbon particles C.
  • the filter section of the cigarette is formed solely by the particulate material filter element constructed according to this invention. This is entirely feasible, and such filter assures most desirable results.
  • a fibrous type filter section in combination with a particulate material section whereby the user observes a conventional fibrous element at the filter tip end of the cigarette.
  • the activated materials e.g., activated carbon
  • the activated materials tend to absorb plasticizer which escapes from the fibrous filter section.
  • the activated materials e.g., activated carbon
  • a particulate filter section 14' is disposed in the preferred form of cigarette ltl' hereof between the tobacco section 12' and a fibrous filter section 14''.
  • the fibrous section 114" is a plasticized tow sectione.g., a conventional plasticized cellulose acetate tow segment.
  • the filter sec tion 14 occupies a substantial portion of the overall filter unit, preferably at least one-half of the total length of the filter unit, and for most desired results, at least twothirds of such length. This arrangement which is permitted by having a stable particulate filter section 14' (preferably corresponding exactly to filter section 114 of FIGURES 1 and 2), reduces the amount of plasticized tow required in a combined activated particle-tow section unit, thus reducing adverse plasticizer effects.
  • activated carbon particles are integrally mixed with a bonding agent and the bonding agent and carbon particles are formed into a stable filter structure.
  • the bonding agent can comprise any thermoplastic material, such as polyhydrocarbons having from 2-10 carbon atoms, preferably polyolefins, e.g., polyethylene and polypropylene, other thermoplastics such as vinyl acetate, other vinyl homopolymers and copolymers, plasticized cellulose acetate, Artrite (a thermoplastic polyester resin), Escorex (a fine powdered petroleum hydrocarbon resin), and combinations of any of the above, all of these materials being of the type which are effective to provide bonding at temperatures in excess of that of the normal smoke temperature passing through the plug.
  • thermoplastic material such as polyhydrocarbons having from 2-10 carbon atoms, preferably polyolefins, e.g., polyethylene and polypropylene, other thermoplastics such as vinyl acetate, other vinyl homopolymers and copolymers, plasticized cellulose acetate, Artrite (
  • the bonding agent is a polyolefin or, more specifically, polyethylene, polypropylene, or combinations thereof.
  • activated carbon particles are initially mixed with the bonding agent particles, and the particles providing the bonding agent are so selected that they have a size no greater than equal to, and preferably substantially less than, the particle size of the activated carbon particles.
  • the activated carbon particles have a particle size of between 10 and 200 mesh and the binder has a particle size of less than 100, preferably less than 50, microns.
  • the mixing is carried out in any suitable manner, but with the activated carbon particles present in a relative amount of between 50 percent and 95 percent by weight, preferably 70 or even to 93 /2 percent by weight, and the particles of the bonding agent present in a relative amount of between 5 and 50 percent by weight, preferably 6 /2 to 30 percent by weight.
  • the mixture is formed into a stable rod-like structure with heat being applied to soften the bonding agent whereby it adheres to the adjacent carbon particles and serves as a binder therebetween, this procedure inherently resulting in the multiplicity of bonding bridges B predominantly individually smaller than the carbon particles C.
  • a filler material in the filter structure, which filler material serves as a smoke modifier.
  • natural or synthetic fibers may form part of the filter structure.
  • porfed and/ or comminuted tobacco stocks and stems may be included within the filter structure together with alkalies and acid modifiers which chemically stabilize the ultimate unit.
  • metal fibers can be included within the filter unit hereof.
  • the filler material can comprise fibrous carbon, as, for example, where porosity is of particular significance.
  • Orzan a sulfonate polymer, possessing good dispersing and chelating properties, has been found to be a suitable additive from the standpoint of hardness and sorptivity.
  • Sucrose table sugar
  • methyl cellulose serve as suitable additives to improve hardness and sorptivity.
  • N-vinyl- 5-methyl-2-oxazolidinone (Delvex) is a useful additive because of its film forming and chelating properties, and when used, the resultant filter has improved uniformity as well as good sorptivity and hardness.
  • control additives include powdered resins such as polyvinyl acetate, polycarbonates, polyarnides of the nylon types, for example, nylon 6, nylon 6/6 and nylon 6/10, modified cellulose resins, for example, cellulose acetate, and dimethyl cellulose, powdered natural gums, carbohydrates, for example, the various sugars, powdered calcium carbonate and fiberized wood pulp.
  • powdered resins such as polyvinyl acetate, polycarbonates, polyarnides of the nylon types, for example, nylon 6, nylon 6/6 and nylon 6/10, modified cellulose resins, for example, cellulose acetate, and dimethyl cellulose, powdered natural gums, carbohydrates, for example, the various sugars, powdered calcium carbonate and fiberized wood pulp.
  • filler material refers to a material other than those which provide the basic structural components of the ultimate smoke filter constructed in accordance herewith. Activated carbon particles and the bonding agent or binder are the basic structural materials, and the filler material is auxiliary thereto. Yet, the filler material is not necessarily an inactive constituent of the filter, but instead, can be an active material, as for example, a chemical or chemical compound yielding desirable taste properties or the like. In this latter regard, it will be appreciated that various additives can be utilized in the filter hereof to achieve a given ultimate effect. Moreover, it is to be understood that while various filler materials have been set forth individually above, such filler materials need not be used individually in the ultimate filter. Instead, they can be used in selected combinations or individually and with or without so-called additives.
  • a filler material or additive is utilized, then preferably the same is integrally mixed with the basic structural materials during the initial mixing operation referred to above.
  • the same forms a minor part by weight of the final unit. Accordingly, the weight ranges set forth above for the basic structural materials, namely, the activated carbon particles and the bonding agent are applicable even in cases where filler materials and additives are utilized.
  • the particular method of forming a filter constructed in accordance herewith can vary.
  • the filter can be formed by any one of the following processes.
  • Process 1 weighed amount of activated carbon particles and a weighed amount of dry bonding agent particles are fed to a conventional blending machine of the type incorporating a spiral agitator and adapted to carry out a dough mixing type operation.
  • a conventional blending machine of the type incorporating a spiral agitator and adapted to carry out a dough mixing type operation.
  • Such machines can easily provide a simultaneous mixing and kneading actioni.e., the respective particles of activated carbon and of the bonding agent are worked together while being mixed.
  • the mixture is pressed or passed through a heated tube or confined area so that the bonding agent particles are softened and adhered to adjacent activated carbon particles and/or filler particles, if a filler is used.
  • the ultimate result of this process is a unitary rod-like structure which is formed as an extrusion.
  • Process 2 An alternative to Process 1, the activated carbon particles and bonding agent particles can be blended by mixing the same together and feeding the mixture through a venturi throat type arrangement to a collecting and forming area. In the collecting and forming area, the mixture is shaped, and steam is passed therethrough to soften the bonding agent particles and cause adherence thereof to adjacent activated carbon particles and/ or filler material.
  • a feeding, forming and heating process of this type, and equipment suitable for carrying out such process, is disclosed in co-pending United States patent application Serial No. 285,293, filed June 4, 1963, entitled Woven Type Fiberous Bodies and assigned to the assignee of the present application.
  • Process 3A the mixture can be formed in a blending machine as described in Process 1, or thorough mixing in a hammermill. Thereafter, the mixture can be fed onto an accumulating screen or belt and formed into a rod shape. The rod shape is heated during the formation thereof to provide the ultimately stable filter structure with the bonding agent particles and/or filler material together.
  • Process 4. can be formed in a blending machine as described in Process 1.
  • the mixture is then poured into a vertically disposed filter shaped cavity (bore in a block).
  • the cavity with the mixture therein is then heated slightly above the melt temperature of the binder being used.
  • the cavity and mixture are then allowed to cool, and the formed rod is dropped or punched out by overturning the cavity.
  • Process 2 and Process 3 are preferred. However, Processes 1 and 4 are completely satisfactory, and since the techniques thereof are conventional, it may be found particularly desirable to use such processes under given circumstances.
  • a portion of the binder can be co-blended as an emulsion in a liquid carrier, such as, for example, water.
  • a liquid carrier such as, for example, water.
  • the structural unit resulting from the process can be subject to further curing for desired final stability.
  • Final curing of the filter to the desired hardness and pressure drop can be performed in various ways with the application of heat and subsequent cooling being the primary factors.
  • One suitable final curing sequence is disclosed in the aforesaid application Serial Number 230,981.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Activated charcoal particles passing an mesh screen were integrally mixed according to Process 1 above with finely divided polyethylene particles having a size of approximately 50 microns. The ultimate mixture contained 75 percent by weight of carbon particles and 25 percent by weight of polyethylene particles.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A filter rod was formed by the same procedure as set forth in Example 1(B). However, the mixture utilized contained 5 percent by Weight of polyethylene particles and 95 percent by weight of carbon. The pressure drop along a filter rod of the same dimensions as in Example 1, but formed in accordance with this example, was 1.4 inches of water. Moreover, the total solid retention percent of such filter rod was 48 percent.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A filter was formed by the same procedure as set forth in Example 1(B) but the mixture utilized contained 10 percent by weight of polyethylene particles and 90 percent by weight of carbon particles. With a filter rod of the same dimensions as used in Example 1, but formed consistent with this example, the pressure drop was 2.3 inches of water, and the total solid retention percent was 58 percent.
  • EXAMPLE 4- A filter was formed by the same procedure as set forth in Example 1(B), but the mixture utilized contained 15 percent by weight of polyethylene particles and 85 percent by weight of carbon particles.
  • a filter is formed by the same procedure as set forth in Example 1(5), but the mixture utilized contains 6 /2 percent by weight of polyethylene particles and 93 /2 percent by weight of carbon particles.
  • pressure drop refers to a pressure drop measurement across a filter rod under test.
  • a smoke stream through the filter is created having a flow rate of 17 /2 cubic centimeters per second.
  • the difference in pressure at the inlet end of the filter and at the outlet end of the filter is measured in terms of inches of water.
  • a Cambridge filter apparatus is utilized.
  • the filter under test in this instance, is placed in series relation with the standard Cambridge filter (the Cambridge filter being accepted in the industry as a standard having 100 percent solids retention). Then, a cigarette is puffed by the apparatus with a 35 mm. puff over a two-second interval and at the rate of one puff per minute.
  • the material collected on the filter undergoing test and the material collected on the Cambridge filter together yield the total solids.
  • the material or solids collected on the filter undergoing test (as determined by a conventional weight comparison) is then compared against the total, and the solids retention percent of the filter under test is calculated.
  • This testing method is conventional, as indicated, and accordingly, further discussion appears unnecessary.
  • Activated carbon particles are integrally mixed with polyethylene particles to yield a mixture containing 25 percent by weight of polyethylene and percent by weight of activated carbon particles.
  • Such mixture is fed to the apparatus as disclosed in aforesaid application Serial No. 285,293.
  • Steam is fed to the mixed mass passing through the forming section of the apparatus disclosed in such application, and the ultimate rod resulting therefrom. Testing of the ultimate rod resulting therefrom indicated that the activated carbon is still efficient even with the increased relative amount of polyethylene.
  • Example 7 The steps set forth in Example 1(8) are performed in the same manner and in the same sequence as there stated. However, the mixture contains 75 percent by weight of carbon particles, 15 percent by weight of polyethylene particles, and 10 percent by weight of comminuted wood pulp.
  • EXAMPLE 8 Filter rods were formed by the same procedure as set forth in Example 1(3). However, the mixture employed contained percent by weight of activated carbon, 10 percent by weight of polyethylene particles and 5 percent by weight of one of the following materials: (a) polyvinyl acetate particles; (b) polycarbonate polymer; (c) powdered calcium carbonate; ((1) fiberized wood pulp; (e) polycaprolactam, nylon 6; (f) hexamethylene adipimide, nylon 6/6; and (g) sucrose.
  • filter rods have been prepared having the following compositions: (a) 60 percent by weight activated carbon, 25 percent by weight polyethylene particles and 15 percent by weight polyvinyl acetate particles; (b) 70 percent by weight activated carbon, 20 percent by weight polyethylene and 10 percent by weight powdered cellulose acetate, (c) 60 percent by weight activated carbon, 10 percent by weight polyethylene, 15 percent by weight powdered cellulose acetate and 15 percent by weight finely divided polyvinyl acetate; and (d) 70 percent by weight activated carbon, 10 percent by weight polyethylene, 10 percent by weight sodium carbonate and 10 percent by weight nylon 6.
  • Smoke filter tips cut from all of the above rods had properties similar to those tips of the foregoing examples.
  • Example 1(B) was repeated but using for several rods between 89 and 91 percent activated carbon particles passing a 20 mesh screen and retained on a 50 mesh screen and 9 to 11 percent polyethylene having a particle size of approximately 50 microns. Segments of the rod 10 mm. in length had an average pressure drop of 2.5
  • a smoking means of the type wherein a quantity of tobacco is ignited and smoke is drawn therefrom by a smoker the improvement which comprises a filter means interposed between the smoker and the tobacco, said filter means comprising an elongated plug disposed in said smoking means such that smoke passes therethrough to reach the smoker, said plug consisting essentially of the following constituents:
  • thermoplastic resin being operative essentially alone to effect bonding bridges between juxtaposed constituents through heating and subsequent cooling, with the temperature of the resin at which th bonding is effective exceeding that of the normal temperatures of smoke passing through said plug;
  • said activated carbon particles serving as the major active component of said plug and being active to remove both solid and gas phase constituents from smoke passing through said plug during utilization of said smoking means;
  • thermoplastic resin essentially alone serving as a binder between said constituents and defining a multiplicity of discrete bonding means predominantly individually smaller than said activated carbon particles;
  • said constituents cooperating through said oonding means to give structural continuity to said plug as a self-sustaining, substantially particulate stable body in the form of a continuous porous matrix with the discrete bonding means and constituents providing a labyrinth of smoke passages therethrough;
  • said smoking device is a cigarette comprising a tobacco section and a filter section, said filter section including said plug and a fibrous filter body containing a substantial amount of plasticized fibrous material, said plug being interposed between said tobacco section and said fibrous filter body and being disposed adjacent and in end to end contact with said tobacco section.
  • thermosplastic resin is polyethylene

Description

Nov. 16, 1965 R. M. BERGER ETAL 3,217,715
SMOKEH FILTER AND SMOKING DEVICES FORMED THEREWITH Filed May 24, 1965 Richard MBerger Raovis C. Sprouli ATTORNEYS nited States This application is a continuation-in-part of our earlier copending applications, Serial Numbers 306,343, 343,463, 351,161, and 392,014 filed September 3, 1963, February 10, 1964, March 11, 1964, and August 25, 1964, respectively, all of which earlier co-pending applications are noW abandoned.
This invention relates generally to smoke filters, and is particularly concerned with the provision of a smoke filter in which particles having both solid and gas phase filtration activity, specifically, activated carbon, are largely, if not solely, responsible for the filtering or smoke modification characteristics thereof. Further, the invention is concerned with smoking devices, particularly cigarettes, incorporating such filters.
Cigarette filters in widespread commercial use at the present time comprise, at least predominantly, filaments or fibers of a continuous nature. Specifically, in most all instances, the cigarette filters are formed from a processed paper structure or from so-called filamentary tow. Such filters are, in and of themselves, subject to certain limitations even though powdered additives can be incorporated therein.
The commercially acceptable filamentary smoke filters have the filaments or fibers thereof in a general longitudinal alignment, and as indicated, such fibrous filaments are of a continuous nature throughout the filter body. Accordingly, the manner in which the blending of desirable materials can be achieved are substantially limited. Moreover, with such filter structures, density properties, resistance to draw properties, filtration efficiency, hardness properties, and the surface areas of smoke controlling and/or modifying materials are only adjustable within relatively minimum ranges.
It has been previously been recognized that activated carbon possesses desirable properties for use in a smoke filter. However, the use of activated carbon has been generally limited because of the structure of the filters with which activated carbon has been previously associted. For example, with the conventional continuous tow or paper type smoke filter, activated carbon could, at best, take the form of a powdered additive, rather than a predominant structural material within the filter. Furthermore, it has been suggested that a cigarette filter be formed of two spaced tow sections having loose activated carbon particles disposed therebetween, with the filter sections and the intermediate carbon being maintained in position by a paper overwrap, or the like.
Dispersing of carbon particles in a filamentary tow does not sufficiently overcome the limitations on tow type filters, nor does it permit one to take full advantage of the activated carbon particles. Forming a filter with loose particles is not only expensive, but also the same results in sloppy handling and some inefficiency due to the inability to completely fill, on a commercial machine, the space between the two filter sections with the particles. As a result, the smoke can channel through the particle section without effective filtration therein.
Bearing in mind the foregoing, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a smoke filter wherein particles having both solid and gas phase activity such as activated carbon particles form a predominant structural part of the filter.
atent D ice More specifically, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a smoke filter structure which consists essentially of activated carbon particles bonded together by a bonding agent to provide a stable filter structure suitable for use with a smoking device, e.g., as a cigarette filter, as a pipe filter, as a cigar filter, and/ or for other smoke filtering purposes, and capable of operating with increased filtration efiiciency.
In addition to the above it is a primary object of the present invention to provide such a smoke filter incorporating activated carbon particles wherein the bonding agent can be one of the presently commercially available comparatively inexpensive thermoplastic bonding agents, preferably a polyhydrocarbon, more particularly, polyethylene or polypropylene.
Aside from the above more basic and general objects of the present invention, there are certain specific objects hereof, including the following: (a) the provision of a smoke filter conforming with the preceding objects, which filter can be formed within wider density range limits, wider pressure drop limits, and with more diversified filtration properties than previously available filters; (b) the provision of such a smoke filter which is adapted to incorporate natural and/ or synthetic fibers therein where low density properties are desirable; (c) the provision of such a smoke filter which is adapted to incorporate smoke modifying filler materials such as puffed and/ or comminuted tobacco stocks and which is adapted to be chemically stabilized with alkalis and acid modifiers; (d) the provision of such a smoke filter which can be formed with more dense filler and/or strength providing materials, such as, for example, metal fibers; (e) the provision of such a smoke filter which can be made in accordance with high production techniques so as to be available for widespread use at relatively low cost; and (f) the provision of such a smoke filter which possesses increased ability to retain solids over presently available types of smoke filters.
It is another object hereof to provide an improved filter cigarette construction wherein a substantial quantity of a particulate filtering material is used in the filter sec tion, which quantity of material is stabilized in position and disposed adjacent the tobacco section. More particularly in this respect, it is an object hereof to provide a cigarette which includes successively, a tobacco section, a stabilized activated particulate filtering section and a rear fibrous filter section. Consistent with these objects, and in a more basic sense, it is a further object of the invention to use a generally solid activated particulate material filter, specifically, activated carbon, in combination with a plasticized fibrous filter in such a manner that the plasticizer does not seriously diminish the effectiveness of the activated particulate material. Plasticizers have apparently tended to adversely alfect prior activated carbontow segment filters so that the activated material lost some of is efiiciency. The cigarette construction made in accordance herewith appears to diminish this adverse effect.
The invention resides in the construction of a cigarette and the construction :of a filter element possessing structural properties consistent herewith. The invention will be better understood, and objects other than those set forth above will become apparent, after reading the following detailed description. To facilitate an understanding of the construction hereby, reference is made in the detailed description to the annexed drawings wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal elevational view of one form of cigarette constructed in accordance herewith;
FIGURE 2 is an illustrative enlarged fragmental sectional view of a part of the filter section of the cigarette shown in FIGURE 1; v
FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal sectional view through a portion of the preferred form of cigarette constructed in accordance herewith.
Referring first to FIGURE 1, it will be noted that the so-called filter tip cigarette shown therein is generally designated by the numeral 10. This cigarette, as usual, includes a tobacco section 12 and a filter section 14. Both the tobacco section 12 and the filter section 14 are of rod-like shape, with the filter section 14 being shorter than the tobacco section 12, and with both sections being joined together by a conventional paper overwrap extending for the length of the cigarette 10. The overwrap, as customary, has opposed longitudinal edges overlapped and secured together by a suitable adhesive. While this cigarette is made in accordance with the invention, the preferred cigarette construction is presented in FIGURE 3 and discussed more fully below. For convenience, attention is now directed to the filter section 14, and thereafter consideration is given to the preferred cigarette construction hereof.
An enlarged portion of the filter section 14 is presented in the exemplary FIGURE 2. It is to be noted that the filtering or carbon particles are designated by the letter C and the binder material is designated by the letter B. The filtering particles C are tack welded together by discrete bonding means in the form of the bonding bridges B defined essentially alone by the thermoplastic bonding material, these bonding means B being predominantly individually smaller than the activated carbon particles C. The carbon particles (and any additives or fillers if in= eluded as mentioned hereinabove and hereinafter) cooperate through the bonding means to provide a continuous porous matrix with a labyrinth of smoke passages therethrough.
In the preceding discussion, it has been assumed that the filter section of the cigarette is formed solely by the particulate material filter element constructed according to this invention. This is entirely feasible, and such filter assures most desirable results. However, in certain instances, it is desired to utilize a fibrous type filter section in combination with a particulate material section whereby the user observes a conventional fibrous element at the filter tip end of the cigarette. This arrangement has previously created problems. At least one of the problems has allegedly been attributed to the fact that the activated materials (e.g., activated carbon) tend to absorb plasticizer which escapes from the fibrous filter section. For example, when the carbon is dispersed throughout a tow, there is a substantial quantity of plasticizer and the activated material is positioned to readily accept the plasticizer. When the carbon is sandwiched between plasticized tow sections, then there is no internal escape route for the plasticizer and again the plasticizer apparently tends to have some adverse eifect on the activated material.
In accordance herewith, and as shown in FIGURE 3,
a particulate filter section 14' is disposed in the preferred form of cigarette ltl' hereof between the tobacco section 12' and a fibrous filter section 14''. The fibrous section 114" is a plasticized tow sectione.g., a conventional plasticized cellulose acetate tow segment. The filter sec tion 14 occupies a substantial portion of the overall filter unit, preferably at least one-half of the total length of the filter unit, and for most desired results, at least twothirds of such length. This arrangement which is permitted by having a stable particulate filter section 14' (preferably corresponding exactly to filter section 114 of FIGURES 1 and 2), reduces the amount of plasticized tow required in a combined activated particle-tow section unit, thus reducing adverse plasticizer effects.
In accordance with the invention, activated carbon particles are integrally mixed with a bonding agent and the bonding agent and carbon particles are formed into a stable filter structure. The bonding agent can comprise any thermoplastic material, such as polyhydrocarbons having from 2-10 carbon atoms, preferably polyolefins, e.g., polyethylene and polypropylene, other thermoplastics such as vinyl acetate, other vinyl homopolymers and copolymers, plasticized cellulose acetate, Artrite (a thermoplastic polyester resin), Escorex (a fine powdered petroleum hydrocarbon resin), and combinations of any of the above, all of these materials being of the type which are effective to provide bonding at temperatures in excess of that of the normal smoke temperature passing through the plug.
However, the best results are obtained when the bonding agent is a polyolefin or, more specifically, polyethylene, polypropylene, or combinations thereof.
Consistent herewith, activated carbon particles are initially mixed with the bonding agent particles, and the particles providing the bonding agent are so selected that they have a size no greater than equal to, and preferably substantially less than, the particle size of the activated carbon particles. Preferably, the activated carbon particles have a particle size of between 10 and 200 mesh and the binder has a particle size of less than 100, preferably less than 50, microns. The mixing is carried out in any suitable manner, but with the activated carbon particles present in a relative amount of between 50 percent and 95 percent by weight, preferably 70 or even to 93 /2 percent by weight, and the particles of the bonding agent present in a relative amount of between 5 and 50 percent by weight, preferably 6 /2 to 30 percent by weight. After the carbon and bonding particles are integrally mixed, the mixture is formed into a stable rod-like structure with heat being applied to soften the bonding agent whereby it adheres to the adjacent carbon particles and serves as a binder therebetween, this procedure inherently resulting in the multiplicity of bonding bridges B predominantly individually smaller than the carbon particles C.
It may be desirable, as indicated above, to incorporate a filler material in the filter structure, which filler material serves as a smoke modifier. For example, where density characteristics are important, natural or synthetic fibers may form part of the filter structure. Alternatively, puifed and/ or comminuted tobacco stocks and stems may be included within the filter structure together with alkalies and acid modifiers which chemically stabilize the ultimate unit. Where porosity and even strength properties are of major consideration, then metal fibers can be included within the filter unit hereof. Additionally, the filler material can comprise fibrous carbon, as, for example, where porosity is of particular significance. Orzan, a sulfonate polymer, possessing good dispersing and chelating properties, has been found to be a suitable additive from the standpoint of hardness and sorptivity. Sucrose (table sugar) and methyl cellulose serve as suitable additives to improve hardness and sorptivity. N-vinyl- 5-methyl-2-oxazolidinone (Delvex) is a useful additive because of its film forming and chelating properties, and when used, the resultant filter has improved uniformity as well as good sorptivity and hardness.
While it is known that various constituents of tobacco smoke are harmful, it is not known with any degree of certainty which are the most harmful. It is believed that certain additives eliminate certain of these constituents and it is therefore within the scope of this invention to add a minor amount of an additive to enhance the operating or taste characteristics of the filter unit. Accordingly, it has been found that certain natural and synthetic resins as well as certain inorganic materials can be employed for control purposes. Examples of control additives include powdered resins such as polyvinyl acetate, polycarbonates, polyarnides of the nylon types, for example, nylon 6, nylon 6/6 and nylon 6/10, modified cellulose resins, for example, cellulose acetate, and dimethyl cellulose, powdered natural gums, carbohydrates, for example, the various sugars, powdered calcium carbonate and fiberized wood pulp.
It should be understood from the preceding paragraph,
that the term filler material, as used herein, refers to a material other than those which provide the basic structural components of the ultimate smoke filter constructed in accordance herewith. Activated carbon particles and the bonding agent or binder are the basic structural materials, and the filler material is auxiliary thereto. Yet, the filler material is not necessarily an inactive constituent of the filter, but instead, can be an active material, as for example, a chemical or chemical compound yielding desirable taste properties or the like. In this latter regard, it will be appreciated that various additives can be utilized in the filter hereof to achieve a given ultimate effect. Moreover, it is to be understood that while various filler materials have been set forth individually above, such filler materials need not be used individually in the ultimate filter. Instead, they can be used in selected combinations or individually and with or without so-called additives.
If a filler material or additive is utilized, then preferably the same is integrally mixed with the basic structural materials during the initial mixing operation referred to above. However, it is within the scope of the invention to treat a structure formed in accordance herewith with additives or the like after its formation into a stable structure.
Regardless of the manner in which a filler material or additive is incorporated in the ultimate unit, the same forms a minor part by weight of the final unit. Accordingly, the weight ranges set forth above for the basic structural materials, namely, the activated carbon particles and the bonding agent are applicable even in cases where filler materials and additives are utilized.
Bearing in mind the fact that filler materials and/or additives can be incorporated in the unit, and preferably mixed with the basic structural ingredients initially, consideration can be given to the mixing and forming operations that can be utilized in making a filter embodying the invention.
The particular method of forming a filter constructed in accordance herewith can vary. For example, the filter can be formed by any one of the following processes.
Process 1 .-A weighed amount of activated carbon particles and a weighed amount of dry bonding agent particles are fed to a conventional blending machine of the type incorporating a spiral agitator and adapted to carry out a dough mixing type operation. Such machines, as well known, can easily provide a simultaneous mixing and kneading actioni.e., the respective particles of activated carbon and of the bonding agent are worked together while being mixed. After the initial blending operation of the particles, performed by the blending machine, the mixture is pressed or passed through a heated tube or confined area so that the bonding agent particles are softened and adhered to adjacent activated carbon particles and/or filler particles, if a filler is used. The ultimate result of this process is a unitary rod-like structure which is formed as an extrusion.
Process 2.As an alternative to Process 1, the activated carbon particles and bonding agent particles can be blended by mixing the same together and feeding the mixture through a venturi throat type arrangement to a collecting and forming area. In the collecting and forming area, the mixture is shaped, and steam is passed therethrough to soften the bonding agent particles and cause adherence thereof to adjacent activated carbon particles and/ or filler material. A feeding, forming and heating process of this type, and equipment suitable for carrying out such process, is disclosed in co-pending United States patent application Serial No. 285,293, filed June 4, 1963, entitled Woven Type Fiberous Bodies and assigned to the assignee of the present application.
Process 3.As a further alternative process, the mixture can be formed in a blending machine as described in Process 1, or thorough mixing in a hammermill. Thereafter, the mixture can be fed onto an accumulating screen or belt and formed into a rod shape. The rod shape is heated during the formation thereof to provide the ultimately stable filter structure with the bonding agent particles and/or filler material together. A more detailed discussion of a process of this type, and of the equipment used in carrying out such process is found in co-pending United States patent application Serial No. 230,981, filed October 16, 1962, entitled Fiber Filter, and also assigned to the same assignee of the present application, this application further disclosing in detail a procedure for the production of tack welds between the constituents of the filter plug, i.e., small bonding bridges.
Process 4.--As a still further alternative, the mixture can be formed in a blending machine as described in Process 1. The mixture is then poured into a vertically disposed filter shaped cavity (bore in a block). The cavity with the mixture therein is then heated slightly above the melt temperature of the binder being used. The cavity and mixture are then allowed to cool, and the formed rod is dropped or punched out by overturning the cavity.
Where all of the basic structured ingredients and filler materials or additives, if used, are available in the dry state, and are readily susceptible to air mixing, then Process 2 and Process 3 referred to above are preferred. However, Processes 1 and 4 are completely satisfactory, and since the techniques thereof are conventional, it may be found particularly desirable to use such processes under given circumstances.
It has been found that for obtaining close control of product quality, a portion of the binder can be co-blended as an emulsion in a liquid carrier, such as, for example, water. With the use of a carrier, initial mixing is facilitated, particularly in Process 1, and moreover, it is possible to obtain an almost completely uniform heterogeneous mixture of the basic structural materials.
Regardless of the particular forming process utilized, the structural unit resulting from the process can be subject to further curing for desired final stability. Final curing of the filter to the desired hardness and pressure drop can be performed in various ways with the application of heat and subsequent cooling being the primary factors. One suitable final curing sequence is disclosed in the aforesaid application Serial Number 230,981.
The following examples illustrate the manner in which the filters hereof can be provided and efliciently utilized.
EXAMPLE 1 Activated charcoal particles passing an mesh screen were integrally mixed according to Process 1 above with finely divided polyethylene particles having a size of approximately 50 microns. The ultimate mixture contained 75 percent by weight of carbon particles and 25 percent by weight of polyethylene particles.
(A) The mixture was extruded by hand through a heated orifice of 8 mm. diameter which orifice was heated to a temperature of approximately 210 F. The extrusion resulted in the formation of a filter rod, and a 17 mm. long segment of such rod was utilized as a smoke filter tip. Testing of this tip showed that the same had a pressure drop across its length of 2.35 inches of water. Furthermore, testing of this filter rod showed that the same gave complete removal of acetaldehyde and isoprene. (It will be appreciated that acetaldehyde and isoprene are undesirable constituents of smoke tars, i.e., the constituents which give a biting effect and which prevent a socalled smooth smoke.)
(B) The mixture was also formed according to Process 4 above using the same sizes and temperatures as prescribed in Example 1(A). The results were the same.
EXAMPLE 2 A filter rod was formed by the same procedure as set forth in Example 1(B). However, the mixture utilized contained 5 percent by Weight of polyethylene particles and 95 percent by weight of carbon. The pressure drop along a filter rod of the same dimensions as in Example 1, but formed in accordance with this example, was 1.4 inches of water. Moreover, the total solid retention percent of such filter rod was 48 percent.
EXAMPLE 3 A filter was formed by the same procedure as set forth in Example 1(B) but the mixture utilized contained 10 percent by weight of polyethylene particles and 90 percent by weight of carbon particles. With a filter rod of the same dimensions as used in Example 1, but formed consistent with this example, the pressure drop was 2.3 inches of water, and the total solid retention percent was 58 percent.
EXAMPLE 4- A filter was formed by the same procedure as set forth in Example 1(B), but the mixture utilized contained 15 percent by weight of polyethylene particles and 85 percent by weight of carbon particles. A filter rod of the same dimensions as set forth in Example 1, but formed consistent with the pressure drop was 2.35 inches of water and the total solid retention percent was 53.5 percent.
EXAMPLE 5 A filter is formed by the same procedure as set forth in Example 1(5), but the mixture utilized contains 6 /2 percent by weight of polyethylene particles and 93 /2 percent by weight of carbon particles. A filter rod of the same dimensions as set forth in Example 1, but formed consistent with this example, has a pressure drop of approximately 210 inches of water and a total solids retention percent of over 50 percent.
The substantial efficiency of the filter formed in accordance with the invention as compared to the efficiency of now commercially available filter rods, can be appreciated by comparison of relative total solids retention percents. Using a conventional cellulose acetate smoke filter formed from a continuous filamentary tow, but having the same dimensions as described in the preceding examples, would give a filter having solids retention percentages between 35 percent and 45 percent. On the other hand, with the invention, even in accordance with Example 2, there was an increase of at least 3 percent, and with Example 3, there was an increase in eificiency of over 13 percent from the solids retention standpoint.
The term pressure drop as used above, refers to a pressure drop measurement across a filter rod under test. For this purpose, as conventional, a smoke stream through the filter is created having a flow rate of 17 /2 cubic centimeters per second. Then, through the use of a conventional U-tube containing water, the difference in pressure at the inlet end of the filter and at the outlet end of the filter is measured in terms of inches of water.
To ascertain solids retention percent, as also conventional, a Cambridge filter apparatus is utilized. The filter under test, in this instance, is placed in series relation with the standard Cambridge filter (the Cambridge filter being accepted in the industry as a standard having 100 percent solids retention). Then, a cigarette is puffed by the apparatus with a 35 mm. puff over a two-second interval and at the rate of one puff per minute. The material collected on the filter undergoing test and the material collected on the Cambridge filter together yield the total solids. The material or solids collected on the filter undergoing test (as determined by a conventional weight comparison) is then compared against the total, and the solids retention percent of the filter under test is calculated. This testing method is conventional, as indicated, and accordingly, further discussion appears unnecessary.
Generally, the same results are achieved, as prescribed above, by a filter formed pursuant to the following examples.
EXAMPLE 6 Activated carbon particles are integrally mixed with polyethylene particles to yield a mixture containing 25 percent by weight of polyethylene and percent by weight of activated carbon particles. Such mixture is fed to the apparatus as disclosed in aforesaid application Serial No. 285,293. Steam is fed to the mixed mass passing through the forming section of the apparatus disclosed in such application, and the ultimate rod resulting therefrom. Testing of the ultimate rod resulting therefrom indicated that the activated carbon is still efficient even with the increased relative amount of polyethylene.
EXAMPLE 7 The steps set forth in Example 1(8) are performed in the same manner and in the same sequence as there stated. However, the mixture contains 75 percent by weight of carbon particles, 15 percent by weight of polyethylene particles, and 10 percent by weight of comminuted wood pulp.
EXAMPLE 8 Filter rods were formed by the same procedure as set forth in Example 1(3). However, the mixture employed contained percent by weight of activated carbon, 10 percent by weight of polyethylene particles and 5 percent by weight of one of the following materials: (a) polyvinyl acetate particles; (b) polycarbonate polymer; (c) powdered calcium carbonate; ((1) fiberized wood pulp; (e) polycaprolactam, nylon 6; (f) hexamethylene adipimide, nylon 6/6; and (g) sucrose. Similarly, filter rods have been prepared having the following compositions: (a) 60 percent by weight activated carbon, 25 percent by weight polyethylene particles and 15 percent by weight polyvinyl acetate particles; (b) 70 percent by weight activated carbon, 20 percent by weight polyethylene and 10 percent by weight powdered cellulose acetate, (c) 60 percent by weight activated carbon, 10 percent by weight polyethylene, 15 percent by weight powdered cellulose acetate and 15 percent by weight finely divided polyvinyl acetate; and (d) 70 percent by weight activated carbon, 10 percent by weight polyethylene, 10 percent by weight sodium carbonate and 10 percent by weight nylon 6. Smoke filter tips cut from all of the above rods had properties similar to those tips of the foregoing examples.
The resultant rods formed according to this example appeared satisfactory, although the characteristics in each mstance were not the best obtained in every respect.
EXAMPLE 10 Example 1(B) was repeated but using for several rods between 89 and 91 percent activated carbon particles passing a 20 mesh screen and retained on a 50 mesh screen and 9 to 11 percent polyethylene having a particle size of approximately 50 microns. Segments of the rod 10 mm. in length had an average pressure drop of 2.5
centimeters of water. The smoke constituents were ret ained therein, on average as follows:
Smoke component: Percent retention Tar 38 Phenol 31 Nicotine 22 HCN 84 Acrolein 93 Formaldehyde 84 EXAMPLES 11-17 Example 11 is repeated but the polyethylene is replaced by the binders shown below. The results in each instance are satisfactory, although the polyethylene produces the preferred product.
Example: Binder l1 Polypropylene. 12 Escorez. 13 Plasticized cellulose acetate. 14 Vinyl acetate. 15 Vinyl h'omopolymer. 16 Vinyl copolymer. 17 Artrite.
It appears unnecessary to give further examples in this specification since the invention can be more than adequately understood from the preceding discussion and even the first example given.
What is claimed is:
1. In a smoking means of the type wherein a quantity of tobacco is ignited and smoke is drawn therefrom by a smoker, the improvement which comprises a filter means interposed between the smoker and the tobacco, said filter means comprising an elongated plug disposed in said smoking means such that smoke passes therethrough to reach the smoker, said plug consisting essentially of the following constituents:
(a) from in excess of 50 to approximately 95 percent by weight of activated carbon particles, said activated carbon particles having a maximum dimension which is a small fraction of the minimum dimension of said plug; and
(b) from at least to approximately 50 percent by weight of a thermoplastic resin, said thermoplastic resin being operative essentially alone to effect bonding bridges between juxtaposed constituents through heating and subsequent cooling, with the temperature of the resin at which th bonding is effective exceeding that of the normal temperatures of smoke passing through said plug;
said plug further being characterized by:
(1) said activated carbon particles serving as the major active component of said plug and being active to remove both solid and gas phase constituents from smoke passing through said plug during utilization of said smoking means;
(2) said thermoplastic resin essentially alone serving as a binder between said constituents and defining a multiplicity of discrete bonding means predominantly individually smaller than said activated carbon particles;
(3) said constituents cooperating through said oonding means to give structural continuity to said plug as a self-sustaining, substantially particulate stable body in the form of a continuous porous matrix with the discrete bonding means and constituents providing a labyrinth of smoke passages therethrough;
(4) said constituents being comingled in any crosssection of said body and with said activated carbon particles randomly arranged in said plug such that a multiplicity of said activated carbon particles are present in substantially any cross section of said body; and
(5) said body deriving its stability substantially only from said cooperation between said bonding means and said constituents.
2. The improvement according to claim 1 wherein said smoking device is a cigarette comprising a tobacco section and a filter section, said filter section including said plug and a fibrous filter body containing a substantial amount of plasticized fibrous material, said plug being interposed between said tobacco section and said fibrous filter body and being disposed adjacent and in end to end contact with said tobacco section.
3. The improvement according to claim 1 wherein said constituents further include in minor part by weight a smoke-modifying additive.
4. The improvement according to claim 1 wherein said thermosplastic resin is polyethylene.
5. The improvement according to claim 1 wherein said activated carbon particles are present in said plug in a relative amount of between about 93%. percent and percent by weight and said thermoplastic resin is present. in said plug in a relative amount of between about 6% percent and 30 percent by weight.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 665,375 1/1901 Trimble 131-208 X 1,966,553 7/1934 Kropp. 2,373,296 4/ 1945 Donnelly 131208 3,015,367 1/1962 Smith et a1. 183-4 3,039,908 6/1962 Parmele 131-208 3,091,550 5/1963 Doying 117-76 3,101,723 8/1963 Seligman et al. 131-208 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,110,463 10/ 1955 France.
SAMUEL KOREN, Primary Examiner.
MELVIN D. REIN, Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. IN A SMOKING MEANS OF THE TYPE WHEREIN A QUANTITY OF TOBACCO IS IGNITED AND SMOKE IS DRAWN THEREFROM BY A SMOKER, THE IMPROVEMENT WHICH COMPRISES A FILTER MEANS INTERPOSED BETWEEN THE SMOKER AND THE TOBACCO, SAID FILTER MEANS COMPRISING AN ELONGATED PLUG DISPOSED IN SAID SMOKING MEANS SUCH THAT SMOKE PASSES THERETHROUGH TO REACH THE SMOKER, SAID PLUG CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF THE FOLLOWING CONSTITUENTS: (A) FROM IN EXCESS OF 50 TO APPROXIMATELY 95 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF ACTIVATED CARBON PARTICLES, SAID ACTIVATED CARBON PARTICLES HAVING A MAXIMUM DIMENSION WHICH IS A SMALL FRACTION OF THE MINIMUM DIMENSION OF SAID PLUG; AND (B) FROM AT LEAST 5 TO APPROXIMATELY 50 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF A THERMOPLASTIC RESIN, SAID THERMOPLASTIC RESIN BEING OPERATIVE ESSETIALLYL ALONE TO EFFECT BONDING BRIDGES BETWEEN JUXTAPOSED CONSTITUENTS THROUGH HEATING AND SUBSEQUENT COOLING, WITH THE TEMPERATURE OF THE RESIN AT WHICH THE BONDING IS EFFECTIVE EXCEEDING THAT OF THE NORMAL TEMPERATURE OF SMOKE PASSING THROUGH SAID PLUG; SAID PLUG FURTHER BEING CHARACTERIZED BY: (1) SAID ACTIVATED CARBON PARTICLES SERVING AS THE MAJOR ACTIVE COMPONENT OF SAID PLUG AND BEING ACTIVE TO REMOVE BOTH SOLID AND GAS PHASE CONSTITUENTS FROM SMOKE PASSING THROUGH SAID PLUG DURING UTILIZATION OF SAID SMOKING MEANS; (2) SAID THERMOPLASTIC RESIN ESSENTIALLY ALONE SERV ING AS A BINDER BETWEEN SAID CONSTITUENTS AND DEFINING A MULTIPLICITY OF DISCRETEBONDING MEANS PREDOMINANTLY INDIVIDUALLY SMALLER THAN SAID ACTIVATED CARBON PARTICLES; (3) SAID CONSTITUENTS COOPERATING THROUGH SAID BONDING MEANS TO GIVE STRUCTURAL CONTINUITY TO SAID PLUG AS A SELF-SUSTAINING, SUBSTANTIALLY PARTICULATE STABLE BODY IN THE FORM OF A CONTINUOUS POROUS MATRIX WITH THE DISCRETE BONDING MEANS AND CONSTITUENTS PROVIDING A LABYRINTH OF SMOKE PASSAGE THERETHROUGH; (4) SAID CONSTITUENTS BEING COMINGLED IN ANY CROSSSECTION OF SAID BODY AND WITH SAID ACTIVATED CARBON PARTICLES RANDOMLY ARRANGED IN SAID PLUG SUCH THAT A MULTIPLICITY OF SAID ACTIVATED CARBON PARTICLES ARE PRESENT IN SUBSTANTIALLY ANY CROSSSECTION OF SAID BODY; AND (5) SAID BODY DERIVING IUTS STABILITY SUBSTANTIALLY ONLY FROM SAID COOPERATION BETWEEN SAID BONDING MEANS AND SAID CONSTITUENTS.
US458050A 1965-05-24 1965-05-24 Smoke filter and smoking devices formed therewith Expired - Lifetime US3217715A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US458050A US3217715A (en) 1965-05-24 1965-05-24 Smoke filter and smoking devices formed therewith

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US458050A US3217715A (en) 1965-05-24 1965-05-24 Smoke filter and smoking devices formed therewith

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3217715A true US3217715A (en) 1965-11-16

Family

ID=23819154

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US458050A Expired - Lifetime US3217715A (en) 1965-05-24 1965-05-24 Smoke filter and smoking devices formed therewith

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3217715A (en)

Cited By (86)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3297038A (en) * 1964-04-20 1967-01-10 Homburger Freddy Filter cigarette
US3318317A (en) * 1964-05-21 1967-05-09 American Filtrona Corp Activated carbon smoke filter
US3347247A (en) * 1964-05-14 1967-10-17 Philip Morris Inc Tobacco smoke filter
US3349780A (en) * 1964-11-04 1967-10-31 Eastman Kodak Co Acetate filter elements containing carbon
US3351072A (en) * 1965-11-16 1967-11-07 Esco Corp Tobacco smoke filter
US3353543A (en) * 1964-12-02 1967-11-21 American Filtrona Corp Smoke filter
US3353544A (en) * 1964-06-10 1967-11-21 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Tobacco-smoke filters
US3354886A (en) * 1966-04-29 1967-11-28 American Filtrona Corp Bonded silica gel products
US3381070A (en) * 1964-09-08 1968-04-30 Eastman Kodak Co Method of producing a filter element
US3403202A (en) * 1964-04-20 1968-09-24 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Method and apparatus for making tobacco-smoke filters
US3409020A (en) * 1965-02-24 1968-11-05 Philip Morris Inc Tobacco smoke filter
US3413982A (en) * 1965-08-04 1968-12-03 Eastman Kodak Co Tobacco smoke filter employing ethylene copolymer bonding material
US3428054A (en) * 1965-10-18 1969-02-18 Chemway Filters Inc Filter
US3473539A (en) * 1965-02-03 1969-10-21 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Bonded filter rod for smoking articles
US3474600A (en) * 1967-09-22 1969-10-28 Pittsburgh Activated Carbon Co Bonded carbon article
US3516885A (en) * 1965-02-03 1970-06-23 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Method of making a bonded filter rod for smoking articles
US3516232A (en) * 1968-02-05 1970-06-23 John E Gilbertson Ash tray device
US3528433A (en) * 1968-03-21 1970-09-15 Philip Morris Inc Smoking product having microreticulated filter
US3531558A (en) * 1964-10-22 1970-09-29 Lorillard Co P Method of making cigarette filters
US3544507A (en) * 1967-08-23 1970-12-01 Calgon C0Rp Dedusting and agglomerating activated carbon
US3713281A (en) * 1971-11-02 1973-01-30 G Asker Heat and moisture exchange packing
US3721072A (en) * 1970-07-13 1973-03-20 Calgon Corp Bonded activated carbon air filter
US3775947A (en) * 1970-10-30 1973-12-04 Peugeot Gas-removing box for a liquid circuit
FR2215905A1 (en) * 1973-02-06 1974-08-30 Monsanto Ltd
US3883637A (en) * 1971-03-29 1975-05-13 Girdler Chemical Catalytic method of purification of air for motor vehicle passenger compartment
US3919369A (en) * 1971-03-08 1975-11-11 American Filtrona Corp Method of manufacturing a self-contained low pressure drop filter
US3998232A (en) * 1974-10-31 1976-12-21 Smith Avery B Filtering tobacco smoke
US4062368A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-12-13 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Tobacco-smoke filters
US4156431A (en) * 1971-07-08 1979-05-29 Epstein Samuel S Smoke processing
DE3105887A1 (en) * 1980-02-19 1982-02-18 Schumacher'sche Fabrik Gmbh & Co Kg, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen Process for producing filter bodies, in particular for the fine filtration of fluids
US4664683A (en) * 1984-04-25 1987-05-12 Pall Corporation Self-supporting structures containing immobilized carbon particles and method for forming same
US4665050A (en) * 1984-08-13 1987-05-12 Pall Corporation Self-supporting structures containing immobilized inorganic sorbent particles and method for forming same
US4906263A (en) * 1988-04-22 1990-03-06 Bluecher Hasso Von Adsorption filter with high air permeability
US5033465A (en) * 1985-08-28 1991-07-23 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Bonded adsorbent structures and respirators incorporating same
US5078132A (en) * 1985-08-28 1992-01-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Bonded adsorbent structures and respirators incorporating same
US5091129A (en) * 1988-12-30 1992-02-25 Institut Francais Du Petrole Method for manufacturing a filter cartridge
US5332426A (en) * 1992-07-29 1994-07-26 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Agglomerated activated carbon air filter
US5360023A (en) * 1988-05-16 1994-11-01 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter
US5404890A (en) * 1993-06-11 1995-04-11 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter
US5453118A (en) * 1993-06-02 1995-09-26 Ultra Pure Systems, Inc. Carbon-filled fuel vapor filter system
AU668003B2 (en) * 1993-07-01 1996-04-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Agglomerated activated carbon air filter
US5685323A (en) * 1995-07-24 1997-11-11 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Disposable filter attachment for smoking articles
US6277178B1 (en) * 1995-01-20 2001-08-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Respirator and filter cartridge
US6485546B2 (en) * 1999-01-28 2002-11-26 Beth-El Zikhron-Yaaqov Filtering device and cartridges for fluids and gases
US20030159703A1 (en) * 2002-02-22 2003-08-28 Zuyin Yang Flavored carbon useful as filtering material of smoking article
US6652629B2 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-11-25 Helsa-Werk Helmut Sandler Gmbh & Co. Kg Filter apparatus
US20040016436A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2004-01-29 Charles Thomas Adsorbents for smoking articles comprising a non-volatile organic compound applied using a supercritical fluid
US20040144252A1 (en) * 2001-02-15 2004-07-29 Siegfried Kreisz Use of a material and a method for retaining polyhalogenated compounds
US20040231684A1 (en) * 2003-05-20 2004-11-25 Zawadzki Michael A. Smoking article and smoking article filter
US20050022670A1 (en) * 2000-09-12 2005-02-03 Donaldson Company, Inc. Air filter assembly for low temperature catalytic processes
US20050066980A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-03-31 Crooks Evon Llewellyn Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US20050066984A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-03-31 Crooks Evon Llewellyn Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US20050066981A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-03-31 Crooks Evon Llewellyn Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US20050066983A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-03-31 Clark Melissa Ann Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US20050126395A1 (en) * 2001-07-16 2005-06-16 Blackburn Andrew J. Filter element
US20050133048A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-23 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Amphiphile-modified sorbents in smoking articles and filters
US20050133051A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-23 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Composite materials and their use in smoking articles
EP1574142A1 (en) * 2004-03-08 2005-09-14 Acetate Products Limited Process for making filter tow
US20060096911A1 (en) * 2004-11-08 2006-05-11 Brey Larry A Particle-containing fibrous web
US7144445B2 (en) * 2002-02-07 2006-12-05 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Use of an adsorbent in solid foam form for the purification or separation of gases
US20070056600A1 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-15 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered smoking article
US20080245377A1 (en) * 2007-04-04 2008-10-09 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette comprising dark-cured tobacco
US20090288669A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-11-26 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter comprising a degradable fiber
US20090288672A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-11-26 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette Filter Comprising a Carbonaceous Fiber
US20100122708A1 (en) * 2008-11-20 2010-05-20 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Adsorbent Material Impregnated with Metal Oxide Component
US20100125039A1 (en) * 2008-11-20 2010-05-20 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Carbonaceous Material Having Modified Pore Structure
US20100175703A1 (en) * 2001-11-30 2010-07-15 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Continuous process for impregnating solid adsorbent particles into shaped mirco-cavity fibers
EP2241203A2 (en) 2006-03-16 2010-10-20 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking Article
US20110162667A1 (en) * 2010-01-06 2011-07-07 Peter Burke Tobacco smoke filter for smoking device with porous mass of active particulate
WO2011098210A1 (en) * 2010-02-15 2011-08-18 BLüCHER GMBH Agglomerates of adsorber particles and methods for producing such adsorber particles
WO2011140430A1 (en) 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette with modifiable sensory characteristics
US8066011B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2011-11-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US8079369B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2011-12-20 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of forming a cigarette filter rod member
WO2012016051A2 (en) 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filter element comprising multifunctional fibrous smoke-altering material
EP2486812A1 (en) 2006-03-16 2012-08-15 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article
EP2537427A1 (en) 2008-05-21 2012-12-26 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter having composite fiber structures
CN103209606A (en) * 2010-10-06 2013-07-17 塞拉尼斯醋酸纤维有限公司 Smoke filters for smoking devices with porous masses having a carbon particle loading and an encapsulated pressure drop
US20130221562A1 (en) * 2010-10-15 2013-08-29 Celanese Acetate Llc Apparatuses, Systems, and Associated Methods for Forming Porous Masses for Smoke Filter
US8739802B2 (en) 2006-10-02 2014-06-03 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette
US8882647B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2014-11-11 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
CN104432500A (en) * 2014-12-25 2015-03-25 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 Composite filter stick capable of improving sensory quality of low-tar cigarette
CN104522883A (en) * 2014-12-25 2015-04-22 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 Improved cigarette with a low tar/nicotine ratio
JP2015521488A (en) * 2012-08-01 2015-07-30 セラニーズ アセテート,エルエルシー Process for producing filter and filter rod with porous mass and related article
EP2967134A1 (en) * 2013-03-13 2016-01-20 Celanese Acetate LLC Smoke filters for reducing components in a smoke stream
US10188140B2 (en) 2005-08-01 2019-01-29 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article
WO2019077530A1 (en) 2017-10-19 2019-04-25 Rai Strategic Holdings, Inc. Colorimetric aerosol and gas detection for aerosol delivery device

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US665375A (en) * 1898-12-19 1901-01-01 William H Trimble Tobacco-pipe and cigar or cigarette holder.
US1966553A (en) * 1932-10-20 1934-07-17 Ohio Carbon Company Absorbent briquette
US2373296A (en) * 1943-08-25 1945-04-10 James A Donnelly Smoking pipe and method of making same
FR1110463A (en) * 1954-09-03 1956-02-13 Improvements to filters for tobacco smoke
US3015367A (en) * 1955-07-19 1962-01-02 Pittsburgh Chemical Company Filtration media
US3039908A (en) * 1953-07-13 1962-06-19 Hollingsworth & Vose Co Method of making a tobacco smoke filter
US3091550A (en) * 1958-09-24 1963-05-28 Union Carbide Corp Adsorbent compositions and method of coating therewith
US3101723A (en) * 1960-11-15 1963-08-27 Philip Morris Inc Fibrous cigarette filter

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US665375A (en) * 1898-12-19 1901-01-01 William H Trimble Tobacco-pipe and cigar or cigarette holder.
US1966553A (en) * 1932-10-20 1934-07-17 Ohio Carbon Company Absorbent briquette
US2373296A (en) * 1943-08-25 1945-04-10 James A Donnelly Smoking pipe and method of making same
US3039908A (en) * 1953-07-13 1962-06-19 Hollingsworth & Vose Co Method of making a tobacco smoke filter
FR1110463A (en) * 1954-09-03 1956-02-13 Improvements to filters for tobacco smoke
US3015367A (en) * 1955-07-19 1962-01-02 Pittsburgh Chemical Company Filtration media
US3091550A (en) * 1958-09-24 1963-05-28 Union Carbide Corp Adsorbent compositions and method of coating therewith
US3101723A (en) * 1960-11-15 1963-08-27 Philip Morris Inc Fibrous cigarette filter

Cited By (147)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3297038A (en) * 1964-04-20 1967-01-10 Homburger Freddy Filter cigarette
US3403202A (en) * 1964-04-20 1968-09-24 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Method and apparatus for making tobacco-smoke filters
US3347247A (en) * 1964-05-14 1967-10-17 Philip Morris Inc Tobacco smoke filter
US3318317A (en) * 1964-05-21 1967-05-09 American Filtrona Corp Activated carbon smoke filter
US3353544A (en) * 1964-06-10 1967-11-21 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Tobacco-smoke filters
US3381070A (en) * 1964-09-08 1968-04-30 Eastman Kodak Co Method of producing a filter element
US3531558A (en) * 1964-10-22 1970-09-29 Lorillard Co P Method of making cigarette filters
US3349780A (en) * 1964-11-04 1967-10-31 Eastman Kodak Co Acetate filter elements containing carbon
US3353543A (en) * 1964-12-02 1967-11-21 American Filtrona Corp Smoke filter
US3473539A (en) * 1965-02-03 1969-10-21 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Bonded filter rod for smoking articles
US3516885A (en) * 1965-02-03 1970-06-23 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Method of making a bonded filter rod for smoking articles
US3409020A (en) * 1965-02-24 1968-11-05 Philip Morris Inc Tobacco smoke filter
US3413982A (en) * 1965-08-04 1968-12-03 Eastman Kodak Co Tobacco smoke filter employing ethylene copolymer bonding material
US3428054A (en) * 1965-10-18 1969-02-18 Chemway Filters Inc Filter
US3351072A (en) * 1965-11-16 1967-11-07 Esco Corp Tobacco smoke filter
US3354886A (en) * 1966-04-29 1967-11-28 American Filtrona Corp Bonded silica gel products
US3544507A (en) * 1967-08-23 1970-12-01 Calgon C0Rp Dedusting and agglomerating activated carbon
US3474600A (en) * 1967-09-22 1969-10-28 Pittsburgh Activated Carbon Co Bonded carbon article
US3516232A (en) * 1968-02-05 1970-06-23 John E Gilbertson Ash tray device
US3528433A (en) * 1968-03-21 1970-09-15 Philip Morris Inc Smoking product having microreticulated filter
US3721072A (en) * 1970-07-13 1973-03-20 Calgon Corp Bonded activated carbon air filter
US3775947A (en) * 1970-10-30 1973-12-04 Peugeot Gas-removing box for a liquid circuit
US3919369A (en) * 1971-03-08 1975-11-11 American Filtrona Corp Method of manufacturing a self-contained low pressure drop filter
US3883637A (en) * 1971-03-29 1975-05-13 Girdler Chemical Catalytic method of purification of air for motor vehicle passenger compartment
US4156431A (en) * 1971-07-08 1979-05-29 Epstein Samuel S Smoke processing
US3713281A (en) * 1971-11-02 1973-01-30 G Asker Heat and moisture exchange packing
FR2215905A1 (en) * 1973-02-06 1974-08-30 Monsanto Ltd
US4062368A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-12-13 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Tobacco-smoke filters
US3998232A (en) * 1974-10-31 1976-12-21 Smith Avery B Filtering tobacco smoke
DE3105887A1 (en) * 1980-02-19 1982-02-18 Schumacher'sche Fabrik Gmbh & Co Kg, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen Process for producing filter bodies, in particular for the fine filtration of fluids
US4664683A (en) * 1984-04-25 1987-05-12 Pall Corporation Self-supporting structures containing immobilized carbon particles and method for forming same
US4665050A (en) * 1984-08-13 1987-05-12 Pall Corporation Self-supporting structures containing immobilized inorganic sorbent particles and method for forming same
US5033465A (en) * 1985-08-28 1991-07-23 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Bonded adsorbent structures and respirators incorporating same
US5078132A (en) * 1985-08-28 1992-01-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Bonded adsorbent structures and respirators incorporating same
US4981501A (en) * 1988-04-22 1991-01-01 Bluecher Hasso Von Adsorption filter with high air permeability
US4906263A (en) * 1988-04-22 1990-03-06 Bluecher Hasso Von Adsorption filter with high air permeability
US5360023A (en) * 1988-05-16 1994-11-01 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter
US5091129A (en) * 1988-12-30 1992-02-25 Institut Francais Du Petrole Method for manufacturing a filter cartridge
US5332426A (en) * 1992-07-29 1994-07-26 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Agglomerated activated carbon air filter
US5453118A (en) * 1993-06-02 1995-09-26 Ultra Pure Systems, Inc. Carbon-filled fuel vapor filter system
US5404890A (en) * 1993-06-11 1995-04-11 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter
AU668003B2 (en) * 1993-07-01 1996-04-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Agglomerated activated carbon air filter
US6277178B1 (en) * 1995-01-20 2001-08-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Respirator and filter cartridge
US5685323A (en) * 1995-07-24 1997-11-11 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Disposable filter attachment for smoking articles
US6485546B2 (en) * 1999-01-28 2002-11-26 Beth-El Zikhron-Yaaqov Filtering device and cartridges for fluids and gases
US20050022670A1 (en) * 2000-09-12 2005-02-03 Donaldson Company, Inc. Air filter assembly for low temperature catalytic processes
US7758674B2 (en) 2000-09-12 2010-07-20 Donaldson Company, Inc. Air filter assembly for low temperature catalytic processes
US7101419B2 (en) * 2000-09-12 2006-09-05 Donaldson Company, Inc. Air filter assembly for low temperature catalytic processes
US20040144252A1 (en) * 2001-02-15 2004-07-29 Siegfried Kreisz Use of a material and a method for retaining polyhalogenated compounds
US7022162B2 (en) * 2001-02-15 2006-04-04 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Use of a material and a method for retaining polyhalogenated compounds
US20050126395A1 (en) * 2001-07-16 2005-06-16 Blackburn Andrew J. Filter element
US7160366B2 (en) 2001-07-16 2007-01-09 Mast Carbon International Ltd. Filter element
US6652629B2 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-11-25 Helsa-Werk Helmut Sandler Gmbh & Co. Kg Filter apparatus
US20100175703A1 (en) * 2001-11-30 2010-07-15 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Continuous process for impregnating solid adsorbent particles into shaped mirco-cavity fibers
US7144445B2 (en) * 2002-02-07 2006-12-05 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Use of an adsorbent in solid foam form for the purification or separation of gases
US20040226569A1 (en) * 2002-02-22 2004-11-18 Philip Morris Incorporated Flavored carbon useful as filtering material of smoking article
US20030159703A1 (en) * 2002-02-22 2003-08-28 Zuyin Yang Flavored carbon useful as filtering material of smoking article
US8114475B2 (en) * 2002-07-26 2012-02-14 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Adsorbents for smoking articles comprising a non-volatile organic compound applied using a supercritical fluid
US20090272391A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2009-11-05 Charles Thomas Adsorbents for smoking articles comprising a non-volatile organic compound applied using a supercritical fluid
WO2004010802A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2004-02-05 Philip Morris Products S.A. Adsorbents for smoking articles comprising a non-volatile organic compound applied using a supercritical fluid
US20040016436A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2004-01-29 Charles Thomas Adsorbents for smoking articles comprising a non-volatile organic compound applied using a supercritical fluid
US20040231684A1 (en) * 2003-05-20 2004-11-25 Zawadzki Michael A. Smoking article and smoking article filter
US20050066980A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-03-31 Crooks Evon Llewellyn Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US20050066981A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-03-31 Crooks Evon Llewellyn Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US7856990B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2010-12-28 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US7827997B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2010-11-09 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US20050066984A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-03-31 Crooks Evon Llewellyn Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US8066011B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2011-11-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US9554594B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2017-01-31 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US7237558B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2007-07-03 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US7240678B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2007-07-10 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US7669604B2 (en) 2003-09-30 2010-03-02 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US20050066983A1 (en) * 2003-09-30 2005-03-31 Clark Melissa Ann Filtered cigarette incorporating an adsorbent material
US20050133051A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-23 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Composite materials and their use in smoking articles
US9232821B2 (en) 2003-12-22 2016-01-12 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Amphiphile-modified sorbents in smoking articles and filters
US8746254B2 (en) 2003-12-22 2014-06-10 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Composite materials and their use in smoking articles
US8381738B2 (en) 2003-12-22 2013-02-26 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Composite materials and their use in smoking articles
US10188142B2 (en) 2003-12-22 2019-01-29 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Amphiphile-modified sorbents in smoking articles and filters
US20050133048A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-23 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Amphiphile-modified sorbents in smoking articles and filters
US20060174899A9 (en) * 2003-12-22 2006-08-10 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Composite materials and their use in smoking articles
US7827996B2 (en) 2003-12-22 2010-11-09 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Amphiphile-modified sorbents in smoking articles and filters
US20070272261A1 (en) * 2004-03-08 2007-11-29 Craig Day Process for Making Filter Tow
EP1574142A1 (en) * 2004-03-08 2005-09-14 Acetate Products Limited Process for making filter tow
WO2005084466A1 (en) * 2004-03-08 2005-09-15 Acetate Products Ltd Process for making filter tow
CN1976603B (en) * 2004-03-08 2011-10-26 醋酸盐产品有限公司 Process for making filter tow
US7806817B2 (en) 2004-03-08 2010-10-05 Acetate Products Ltd. Process for making filter tow
US20090215345A1 (en) * 2004-11-08 2009-08-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Particle-containing fibrous web
US20060096911A1 (en) * 2004-11-08 2006-05-11 Brey Larry A Particle-containing fibrous web
US8678013B2 (en) 2005-08-01 2014-03-25 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article
US10188140B2 (en) 2005-08-01 2019-01-29 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article
US20070056600A1 (en) * 2005-09-14 2007-03-15 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered smoking article
US9398777B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2016-07-26 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US8882647B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2014-11-11 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US10123562B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2018-11-13 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US9028385B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2015-05-12 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
US11383477B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2022-07-12 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Equipment for insertion of objects into smoking articles
EP2486812A1 (en) 2006-03-16 2012-08-15 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article
US9220301B2 (en) 2006-03-16 2015-12-29 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article
EP3569079A1 (en) 2006-03-16 2019-11-20 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article
US10258079B2 (en) 2006-03-16 2019-04-16 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article
EP2762020A2 (en) 2006-03-16 2014-08-06 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article
EP2241203A2 (en) 2006-03-16 2010-10-20 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking Article
US8739802B2 (en) 2006-10-02 2014-06-03 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette
US20080245377A1 (en) * 2007-04-04 2008-10-09 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette comprising dark-cured tobacco
US8186360B2 (en) 2007-04-04 2012-05-29 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette comprising dark air-cured tobacco
US8496011B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2013-07-30 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for forming a filter component of a smoking article
US20090288672A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-11-26 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette Filter Comprising a Carbonaceous Fiber
US8375958B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2013-02-19 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter comprising a carbonaceous fiber
EP2537427A1 (en) 2008-05-21 2012-12-26 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter having composite fiber structures
US8613284B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2013-12-24 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter comprising a degradable fiber
US20090288669A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-11-26 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter comprising a degradable fiber
US8079369B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2011-12-20 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Method of forming a cigarette filter rod member
US20100125039A1 (en) * 2008-11-20 2010-05-20 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Carbonaceous Material Having Modified Pore Structure
US8511319B2 (en) 2008-11-20 2013-08-20 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Adsorbent material impregnated with metal oxide component
US20100122708A1 (en) * 2008-11-20 2010-05-20 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Adsorbent Material Impregnated with Metal Oxide Component
US8119555B2 (en) 2008-11-20 2012-02-21 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Carbonaceous material having modified pore structure
WO2010098933A1 (en) 2009-02-25 2010-09-02 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Cigarette filter comprising a degradable fiber
US20110162667A1 (en) * 2010-01-06 2011-07-07 Peter Burke Tobacco smoke filter for smoking device with porous mass of active particulate
US9386803B2 (en) * 2010-01-06 2016-07-12 Celanese Acetate Llc Tobacco smoke filter for smoking device with porous mass of active particulate
US20130239983A1 (en) * 2010-01-06 2013-09-19 Celanese Acetate Llc Smoke Filters for Smoking Devices with Porous Masses Having a Carbon Particle Loading and an Encapsulated Pressure Drop
WO2011098210A1 (en) * 2010-02-15 2011-08-18 BLüCHER GMBH Agglomerates of adsorber particles and methods for producing such adsorber particles
EP2536497B1 (en) 2010-02-15 2016-12-28 Blücher GmbH Agglomerates of adsorbent particles and methods for the production of such adsorbent particles
WO2011140430A1 (en) 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette with modifiable sensory characteristics
US9119420B2 (en) 2010-07-30 2015-09-01 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filter element comprising multifunctional fibrous smoke-altering material
US8720450B2 (en) 2010-07-30 2014-05-13 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filter element comprising multifunctional fibrous smoke-altering material
WO2012016051A2 (en) 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filter element comprising multifunctional fibrous smoke-altering material
CN103209606A (en) * 2010-10-06 2013-07-17 塞拉尼斯醋酸纤维有限公司 Smoke filters for smoking devices with porous masses having a carbon particle loading and an encapsulated pressure drop
EP2636319A3 (en) * 2010-10-06 2014-03-12 Celanese Acetate LLC Smoke filters for smoking devices with porous masses having a carbon particle loading and an encapsulated pressure drop
EP2629633A1 (en) * 2010-10-06 2013-08-28 Celanese Acetate LLC Smoke filters for smoking devices with porous masses having a carbon particle loading and an encapsulated pressure drop
EP2629633A4 (en) * 2010-10-06 2014-04-16 Celanese Acetate Llc Smoke filters for smoking devices with porous masses having a carbon particle loading and an encapsulated pressure drop
JP2014509833A (en) * 2010-10-06 2014-04-24 セラニーズ アセテート,エルエルシー Smoke filter for smoking utensils comprising a porous material with carbon particle loading and enclosed pressure drop
US9179708B2 (en) 2010-10-15 2015-11-10 Celanese Acetate Llc Apparatuses, systems, and associated methods for forming porous masses for smoke filter
US9149069B2 (en) 2010-10-15 2015-10-06 Celanese Acetate Llc Apparatuses, systems, and associated methods for forming porous masses for smoke filter
KR20150036835A (en) * 2010-10-15 2015-04-07 셀라네세 아세테이트 앨앨씨 Porous masses for smoke filter, and methods for forming the same
US20130298923A1 (en) * 2010-10-15 2013-11-14 Celanese Acetate Llc Apparatuses, Systems, and Associated Methods for Forming Porous Masses for Smoke Filter
US9027566B2 (en) * 2010-10-15 2015-05-12 Celanese Acetate Llc Apparatuses, systems, and associated methods for forming porous masses for smoke filter
US20130221562A1 (en) * 2010-10-15 2013-08-29 Celanese Acetate Llc Apparatuses, Systems, and Associated Methods for Forming Porous Masses for Smoke Filter
US9138017B2 (en) * 2010-10-15 2015-09-22 Celanese Acetate Llc Apparatuses, systems, and associated methods for forming porous masses for smoke filter
KR101523182B1 (en) * 2010-10-15 2015-05-26 셀라네세 아세테이트 앨앨씨 Porous masses for smoke filter, and methods for forming the same
JP2015521488A (en) * 2012-08-01 2015-07-30 セラニーズ アセテート,エルエルシー Process for producing filter and filter rod with porous mass and related article
US9788573B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2017-10-17 Celanese Acetate Llc Smoke filters for reducing components in a smoke stream
EP2967134A1 (en) * 2013-03-13 2016-01-20 Celanese Acetate LLC Smoke filters for reducing components in a smoke stream
EP2967134A4 (en) * 2013-03-13 2017-04-26 Celanese Acetate LLC Smoke filters for reducing components in a smoke stream
CN104522883A (en) * 2014-12-25 2015-04-22 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 Improved cigarette with a low tar/nicotine ratio
CN104432500A (en) * 2014-12-25 2015-03-25 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 Composite filter stick capable of improving sensory quality of low-tar cigarette
WO2019077530A1 (en) 2017-10-19 2019-04-25 Rai Strategic Holdings, Inc. Colorimetric aerosol and gas detection for aerosol delivery device
US10512286B2 (en) 2017-10-19 2019-12-24 Rai Strategic Holdings, Inc. Colorimetric aerosol and gas detection for aerosol delivery device

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3217715A (en) Smoke filter and smoking devices formed therewith
US3552400A (en) Filter plug of staple fiber filter elements and the like
US3353543A (en) Smoke filter
US4355995A (en) Tobacco smoke filter providing tobacco flavor enrichment, and method for producing same
US4219031A (en) Smoking product having core of fibrillar carbonized matter
US4291711A (en) Tobacco smoke filter providing tobacco flavor enrichment, and method for producing same
US4481958A (en) Combustible carbon filter and smoking product
US3039908A (en) Method of making a tobacco smoke filter
US2881770A (en) Fibrous tobacco smoke filters
NO154617B (en) CELL-SUBMED, MOBILE RADIO PHONE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
EP0568107B1 (en) Method and apparatus for forming a rod for use in the manufacture of smoking articles
US3377220A (en) Process for making stable elongated elements
JP2634252B2 (en) Cigarette smoke filter with particulate additive
CA1130690A (en) Process for producing a filtering structure in particular for cigarette filters
AT277030B (en) Tobacco smoke filter, method and apparatus for its manufacture
US3046994A (en) Ventilated cigarette
US3079930A (en) Process and apparatus for manufacturing filters
US4567903A (en) Formation of tobacco material blend
JP3229313B2 (en) Filter structure and manufacturing method thereof
US2765515A (en) Method of making a filter for tobacco smoke
US3106501A (en) Process for manufacturing filters
US3318317A (en) Activated carbon smoke filter
US3079978A (en) Apparatus for manufacturing filters
US3354886A (en) Bonded silica gel products
US2768913A (en) Cigarette filter tips from dextran