US3257941A - Method and means of making planographic printing plates - Google Patents

Method and means of making planographic printing plates Download PDF

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Publication number
US3257941A
US3257941A US19517A US1951760A US3257941A US 3257941 A US3257941 A US 3257941A US 19517 A US19517 A US 19517A US 1951760 A US1951760 A US 1951760A US 3257941 A US3257941 A US 3257941A
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Prior art keywords
plate
acid
printing plates
conditioner
printing
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US19517A
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Wolfson Kurt
Max Van Dam
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Anken Chemical and Film Corp
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Anken Chemical and Film Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N3/00—Preparing for use and conserving printing surfaces
    • B41N3/08—Damping; Neutralising or similar differentiation treatments for lithographic printing formes; Gumming or finishing solutions, fountain solutions, correction or deletion fluids, or on-press development

Definitions

  • the invention relates to planog-raphic printing plates made by the photographic transfer method.
  • this invention is concerned with plate treating materials and methods of using the same.
  • Planographic printing involves the preparation of a master plate having hydrophilic (water-receptive and hence ink-repellent) non-printing portions, which may be called background, and hydrophobic (water-repellent and ink-receptive) printing portions in the form of an image to be reproduced.
  • the plate is moistened with an aqueous fountain fluid which wets the background while being repelled by the image, and the plate is then inked with printing ink which coats the ink-receptive image areas but is repelled by the wet background.
  • planographic printing plates There are different types of planographic printing plates. Older types consist usually of a water-soluble, light-sensitive coating on a support. Some of these coatings consist of albumen sensitized with bichromate, others contain diazo compounds.
  • the support may be a metal plate or parchment, or it may be made of other material and provided with one surface made water-receptive and image-retaining. Such supports could be specially treated paper, cardboard, aluminum foil laminated on paper, superficially saponified cellulose acetate foil, or any other plastic material.
  • the coating is exposed to light through a suitable stencil or negative to insolubilize the exposed portion.
  • the unexposed portion of the coating is washed away leaving a hydrophobic image surrounded by a hydrophilic background.
  • Chemical compositions may be used before applying the printing inks to make a sharper distinction between the hydrophobic character of the image and the hydrophilic character of the background.
  • These chemical compositions include developers, plate conditioners, etches, counter etches, pre-etches, desensitizers, correctors, anti-scumming agents, fixe-rs and hardeners.
  • a similar but more diluted solution is employed in the fountain of the printing press for keeping a balance between the ink-receptive image and the water-receptive background.
  • planographi-c printing plates are made in accordance with the photographic transfer process.
  • an exposed negative after going through a transfer solution (a photographic developer containing a solvent for silver halide) is brought into contact with a transfer printing plate (consisting of a support coated with silver nuclei, or nuclei of any other metal).
  • Known plate conditioners have various shortcomings. After such conditioners are applied, the plate must be dried, this being done with a fan or blower or in an oven.
  • Some plate conditioners contain pigments and dyes which stain the hands of the operator and special cleaners are required to'remove the stain-s.
  • Sorneplate conditioners contain chromium salts which may cause chromium poisoning, others contain strong etching acids like trichloro-acetic acid, or poisonous ferric-cyanides.
  • plate conditioners and fountain solutions include colloid thickeners such as gum arabic, gum tragacanth, sodium alginate and soluble starch, which are subject to spoilage by the growth of molds, bacteria and the like.
  • Preservatives such as formaldehyde, phenols and salicylates are sometimes used to prevent spoilage but they tend to interfere with the printing process. When they are omitted, inconvenience, waste and expense result from the need of frequently refreshing the solution.
  • One object of this invention is to provide a plate conditioner and fountain solution applicable to the development of non-metallic plates made in accordance with the photographic transfer process.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a plate conditioner and fountain solution which produces a printing plate immediately ready for printing.
  • Still another object is to provide a plate conditioner and fountain solution capable of producing a visible image of improved wear-resistance.
  • a further object is to prtovide'a fountain solution which is not subject to attack by molds and bacteria and therefore requires no preservatives.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a process capable of producing a printing platefrom an original in a relatively short time, namely approximately two to four minutes. In this system only one or two treatments follow the transfer process.
  • the present invention is based upon the following discoveries:
  • Organic acids especially aromatic organic acids and preferably polycarboxy aromatic acids, fortify and accelerate the ink receptivity of a silver image.
  • Certain organic acids fortify and accelerate the ink receptivity of transfer printing plates. Many acids can be used, but a carboxyl group works better than a sulfon group, and the more carboxyl groups in the molecule the stronger the action. Examples are:
  • Example 1 Water, ml. 600 'Ethanol, ml 400 Copper sulfate 5 aq., g 9 Potassium citrate, g 50 Sodium acetate 3 aq., g. 100 Phthalaldehyde acid, g 80 Water, ml. 130 Potassium thiocyanate, g 10 Mix A and B before using.
  • Example 2 Water, ml. 600 Ethanol, ml. 600 Cupric nitrate 3 aq., g. 20 -Potassium citrate, g. 44 Sodium acetate anh., g 100 Allyl thio carbamide, g. Phthalic acid, g. 76
  • Example 3 Water, ml 550 Ethanol, ml 600 .Cupric nitrate 3 aq., g. Potassium citrate, g. 44
  • a printing plate can be made, for instance, by bringing its surface into contact with an exposed negative paper, while paper and plate are going through a transfer solution, and separating them when a sufiiciently strong image is transferred from paper to plate.
  • the present invention may be applied in different ways in producing copies from a transfer method printing plate.
  • the first is to swab the plate for about two minutes with the herein described plate conditioner and then to mount the plate on the press without further preparation.
  • the second process is to swab the plate with said plate conditioner and then swab it with an adequate rub-.on-ink. If the operator so wishes, he may clean the plate by removing the excess ink-with water or with the fountain solution hereinafter described.
  • plate conditioner Even the first process, swabbing the plate with a plate conditioner, may be omitted if one wishes to limit hand operations to a minimum.
  • plate conditioner compositions are present on the plate in the form of a fountain solution, highly perfected copies result.
  • To act as a fountain solution 1 part plate conditioner may be diluted with 4 parts of water. The fountain solution in the press will compel the image to take ink, With the less concentrated fountain solution however, it requires more time to produce a completely hydrophobic image than with the plate conditioner applied directly to the plate.
  • a fountain solution suitable for use with printing plates prepared by the photographic transfer method comprising a plate conditioner of the character herein described, diluted in the proportion of approximately one part plate conditioner to four parts of water, said plate conditioner comprising an aromatic organic acid, a copper salt and a silver complexing agent in an aqueous alcohol medium, said aromatic organic acid being selected from the group consisting of phthaldehyde acid, phthalic acid and pyromellitic acid.
  • a fountain solution suitable for use with printing plates prepared by the photographic transfer method comprising a plate conditioner of the character herein describe-d, diluted in the proportion of approximately one part plate conditioner to four parts of water, said plate conditioner comprising an aromatic organic acid selected from the group consisting of phthaldehyde acid, phthalic acid and pyromellitic acid, a copper salt and a silver compiexing agent in an aqueous alcohol medium, said silver complexing agent being selected from the group consisting of potassium thiocyanate and allyl thiocarbamide.

Description

United States Patent 3,257,941 METHOD AND MEANS OF MAKING PLANO- GRAPHIC PRINTING PLATES Kurt Wolfson and Max Van Dam, Newton, NJ assignors g1) JAnken Chemical and Film Corporation, Newton,
N0 Drawing. Filed Apr. 4, 1960, Ser. No. 19,517
2 Claims. (Cl. 101--149.2)
The invention relates to planog-raphic printing plates made by the photographic transfer method.
More specifically this invention is concerned with plate treating materials and methods of using the same.
Planographic printing involves the preparation of a master plate having hydrophilic (water-receptive and hence ink-repellent) non-printing portions, which may be called background, and hydrophobic (water-repellent and ink-receptive) printing portions in the form of an image to be reproduced. The plate is moistened with an aqueous fountain fluid which wets the background while being repelled by the image, and the plate is then inked with printing ink which coats the ink-receptive image areas but is repelled by the wet background. The
ink is then transferred from the image to a copy sheet,
usually by an offset blanket, to form an impression of the image thereon.
There are different types of planographic printing plates. Older types consist usually of a water-soluble, light-sensitive coating on a support. Some of these coatings consist of albumen sensitized with bichromate, others contain diazo compounds. The support may be a metal plate or parchment, or it may be made of other material and provided with one surface made water-receptive and image-retaining. Such supports could be specially treated paper, cardboard, aluminum foil laminated on paper, superficially saponified cellulose acetate foil, or any other plastic material.
The coating is exposed to light through a suitable stencil or negative to insolubilize the exposed portion. The unexposed portion of the coating is washed away leaving a hydrophobic image surrounded by a hydrophilic background.
Application of printing ink as in a lithographic press, then renders the image visible. Chemical compositions may be used before applying the printing inks to make a sharper distinction between the hydrophobic character of the image and the hydrophilic character of the background. These chemical compositions include developers, plate conditioners, etches, counter etches, pre-etches, desensitizers, correctors, anti-scumming agents, fixe-rs and hardeners.
A similar but more diluted solution, usually referred to as a fountain solution, is employed in the fountain of the printing press for keeping a balance between the ink-receptive image and the water-receptive background.
More modern planographi-c printing plates are made in accordance with the photographic transfer process. Here, an exposed negative, after going through a transfer solution (a photographic developer containing a solvent for silver halide) is brought into contact with a transfer printing plate (consisting of a support coated with silver nuclei, or nuclei of any other metal).
While it is possible to obtain copies of transfer printing plates with a metallic surface, the known principles fail to produce a hydrophobic image on non-metallic surfaces, for instance on a superficially saponified cellulose acetate layer.
Known plate conditioners have various shortcomings. After such conditioners are applied, the plate must be dried, this being done with a fan or blower or in an oven.
Some plate conditioners contain pigments and dyes which stain the hands of the operator and special cleaners are required to'remove the stain-s.
Sorneplate conditioners contain chromium salts which may cause chromium poisoning, others contain strong etching acids like trichloro-acetic acid, or poisonous ferric-cyanides.
Other plate conditioners and fountain solutions include colloid thickeners such as gum arabic, gum tragacanth, sodium alginate and soluble starch, which are subject to spoilage by the growth of molds, bacteria and the like. Preservatives, such as formaldehyde, phenols and salicylates are sometimes used to prevent spoilage but they tend to interfere with the printing process. When they are omitted, inconvenience, waste and expense result from the need of frequently refreshing the solution.
One object of this invention is to provide a plate conditioner and fountain solution applicable to the development of non-metallic plates made in accordance with the photographic transfer process.
Another object of this invention is to provide a plate conditioner and fountain solution which produces a printing plate immediately ready for printing.
Still another object is to provide a plate conditioner and fountain solution capable of producing a visible image of improved wear-resistance.
A further object is to prtovide'a fountain solution which is not subject to attack by molds and bacteria and therefore requires no preservatives.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a process capable of producing a printing platefrom an original in a relatively short time, namely approximately two to four minutes. In this system only one or two treatments follow the transfer process.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will.
appear from the following description.
The present invention is based upon the following discoveries:
(1) Organic acids, especially aromatic organic acids and preferably polycarboxy aromatic acids, fortify and accelerate the ink receptivity of a silver image.
(2) Oxidation of silver with copper salts, preferably in the presence of complexing agents, improves the ink receptibility.
(3) Differences in character of different bases for transfer printing plates and the use of suitable media in.
plate conditioners for these plates.
(4) The presence of the herein described andclaimed composition on the plate during printing improves and perfects the quality of the copies.
Certain organic acids fortify and accelerate the ink receptivity of transfer printing plates. Many acids can be used, but a carboxyl group works better than a sulfon group, and the more carboxyl groups in the molecule the stronger the action. Examples are:
Benzoic acid Ortho, iso and terephthalic acid This should be contrasted with such prior art as German Patent No.
3 Pyrornelliticacid (benzene tertacarboxylic acid) Phthalaldehyde acid Salicylic acid Gallic acid Benzene sulfonic acid Benzene poly sulfonic acids Furoic acid Naphthalene sulfonic acid Naphthalene poly sulfonic acids Naphthalene acetic acid Naphthol sulfonic acid Naphthol polysulfonic acids In using a mild oxidation with a copper salt, preferably in presence of a silver complexing agent like potassium thiocyanate or allyl thio carbamide, together with organic acids, only one plate conditioner is necessary to prepare a plate for the press.
In applying the copper oxidation and the acids to a surface which is already strongly hydrophilic the usual they are not to 'be considered restrictive or limitative of its scope:
Example 1 A. Water, ml. 600 'Ethanol, ml 400 Copper sulfate 5 aq., g 9 Potassium citrate, g 50 Sodium acetate 3 aq., g. 100 Phthalaldehyde acid, g 80 Water, ml. 130 Potassium thiocyanate, g 10 Mix A and B before using.
Example 2 Water, ml. 600 Ethanol, ml. 600 Cupric nitrate 3 aq., g. 20 -Potassium citrate, g. 44 Sodium acetate anh., g 100 Allyl thio carbamide, g. Phthalic acid, g. 76
Example 3 Water, ml 550 Ethanol, ml 600 .Cupric nitrate 3 aq., g. Potassium citrate, g. 44
Sodium acetate 3 aq., g 154 Potassium thiocyanate, g. 15 Pyromellitic acid, g. 20
According to the photographic transfer method, a printing plate can be made, for instance, by bringing its surface into contact with an exposed negative paper, while paper and plate are going through a transfer solution, and separating them when a sufiiciently strong image is transferred from paper to plate.
The present invention may be applied in different ways in producing copies from a transfer method printing plate.
The first is to swab the plate for about two minutes with the herein described plate conditioner and then to mount the plate on the press without further preparation. The second process is to swab the plate with said plate conditioner and then swab it with an adequate rub-.on-ink. If the operator so wishes, he may clean the plate by removing the excess ink-with water or with the fountain solution hereinafter described.
Even the first process, swabbing the plate with a plate conditioner, may be omitted if one wishes to limit hand operations to a minimum. If the foregoing plate conditioner compositions are present on the plate in the form of a fountain solution, highly perfected copies result. To act as a fountain solution 1 part plate conditioner may be diluted with 4 parts of water. The fountain solution in the press will compel the image to take ink, With the less concentrated fountain solution however, it requires more time to produce a completely hydrophobic image than with the plate conditioner applied directly to the plate.
We claim:
1. A fountain solution suitable for use with printing plates prepared by the photographic transfer method, comprising a plate conditioner of the character herein described, diluted in the proportion of approximately one part plate conditioner to four parts of water, said plate conditioner comprising an aromatic organic acid, a copper salt and a silver complexing agent in an aqueous alcohol medium, said aromatic organic acid being selected from the group consisting of phthaldehyde acid, phthalic acid and pyromellitic acid.
2. A fountain solution suitable for use with printing plates prepared by the photographic transfer method, comprising a plate conditioner of the character herein describe-d, diluted in the proportion of approximately one part plate conditioner to four parts of water, said plate conditioner comprising an aromatic organic acid selected from the group consisting of phthaldehyde acid, phthalic acid and pyromellitic acid, a copper salt and a silver compiexing agent in an aqueous alcohol medium, said silver complexing agent being selected from the group consisting of potassium thiocyanate and allyl thiocarbamide.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,584,030 1/1952 Land 96-29 2,589,313 3/1952 Wood 101149.2 2,659,674 11/1953 Hyndman 96--58 2,699,994 1/ 1955 Umberger 9658 2,874,045 2/ 1959 Land 96-2 9 2,907,273 10/1959 Geese 9633 3,029,727 4/ 1962 Gumbinner 101-1492 FOREIGN PATENTS 556,753 10/1957 Belgium. 567,153 10/1958 Belgium.
OTHER REFERENCES Journal of Photographic Science, vol. 8, No. 1, PP- 26- 32 (1960).
NORMAN G. TORCHIN, Primary Examiner.
PHILIP E. MANGAN, Examiner. i
J. E. ALIX, G. H. BJORGE, I. T. BROWN,
Assistant Examiners.

Claims (1)

1. A FOUNTAIN SOLUTION SUITABLE FOR USE WITH PRINTING PLATES PREPARED BY THE PHOTOGRAPHIC TRANSFER METHOD, COMPRISING A PLATE CONDITIONER OF TEH CHARACTER HEREIN DESCRIBED, DILUTED IN THE PROPORTION OF APPROXIMATELY ONE PART PLATE CONDITIONER TO FOUR PARTS OF WATER, SAID PLATE CONDITIONER COMPRISING AN AROMATIC ORGANIC ACID, A COPPER SALT AN D A SILVER COMPLEXING AGENT IN AN AQUEOUS ALCOHOL MEDIUM, SAID AROMATIC ORGANIC ACID BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PHTHALDEHYDE ACID, PHTHALIC ACID AND PYROMELLITIC ACID.
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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3736871A (en) * 1970-08-03 1973-06-05 Du Pont Copper (1) salt-hydrophilic binder lithographic images
US3849134A (en) * 1970-08-03 1974-11-19 Du Pont Copper (i) salt-hydrophilic binder lithographic images
US3878098A (en) * 1970-08-03 1975-04-15 Du Pont Activator solution containing copper (II) ions, halide and a mild oxidizing agent
FR2400225A1 (en) * 1977-08-09 1979-03-09 Ricoh Kk ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING EQUIPMENT
WO1979000593A1 (en) * 1978-02-06 1979-08-23 Napp Systems Inc Desensitizing solution and process for treating a diazo photosensitive printing plate
US4285276A (en) * 1978-11-15 1981-08-25 Howard A. Fromson Method for printing employing lithographic fountain dampening solution
EP0155620A2 (en) * 1984-03-22 1985-09-25 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Burning-in and gumming for lithographic plates, and process for the preparation of a lithograhic plate
US4548645A (en) * 1983-12-21 1985-10-22 Inmont Corporation Lithographic water based fountain solution concentrates
EP0219719A1 (en) * 1985-10-12 1987-04-29 DS-Druckerei Service Fountain solution for lithographic printing
EP0269760A1 (en) * 1986-12-02 1988-06-08 Bernd Schwegmann GmbH & Co. KG Fountain solution for lithographic printing
US4980271A (en) * 1985-08-05 1990-12-25 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Developer compositions for lithographic printing plates with benzyl alcohol, potassium toluene sulfonate and sodium (xylene or cumene) sulfonate
US5066568A (en) * 1985-08-05 1991-11-19 Hoehst Celanese Corporation Method of developing negative working photographic elements
WO1999050076A1 (en) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-07 B/M Management Cc Printing solution for lithographic printing
EP1648830A1 (en) * 2003-07-08 2006-04-26 Ashland Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC Devices and processes for use in ultrasound treatment
US20070269876A1 (en) * 1996-07-04 2007-11-22 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Device and process for treating a liquid medium
US7448859B2 (en) 2004-11-17 2008-11-11 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Devices and method for treating cooling fluids utilized in tire manufacturing

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE567153A (en) * 1957-04-26
BE556753A (en) * 1956-04-18
US2584030A (en) * 1947-02-07 1952-01-29 Polaroid Corp Light sensitive silver halide photographic product for image transfer and process utilizing the same
US2589313A (en) * 1944-06-21 1952-03-18 Harris Seybold Potter Co Treating lithographic plates
US2659674A (en) * 1948-04-05 1953-11-17 Hyndman Olan Robert Method of toning photographs and composition therefor
US2699994A (en) * 1953-04-15 1955-01-18 Du Pont Photographic treating solutions containing ferricyanide ions and alpha ether carboxylic acid compounds
US2874045A (en) * 1954-02-26 1959-02-17 Polaroid Corp Process of washing and protecting photographic silver images
US2907273A (en) * 1953-11-12 1959-10-06 Chrome Steel Plate Corp Lithographic plates
US3029727A (en) * 1956-07-13 1962-04-17 Polychrome Corp Method and composition for fixing transfer image

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2589313A (en) * 1944-06-21 1952-03-18 Harris Seybold Potter Co Treating lithographic plates
US2584030A (en) * 1947-02-07 1952-01-29 Polaroid Corp Light sensitive silver halide photographic product for image transfer and process utilizing the same
US2659674A (en) * 1948-04-05 1953-11-17 Hyndman Olan Robert Method of toning photographs and composition therefor
US2699994A (en) * 1953-04-15 1955-01-18 Du Pont Photographic treating solutions containing ferricyanide ions and alpha ether carboxylic acid compounds
US2907273A (en) * 1953-11-12 1959-10-06 Chrome Steel Plate Corp Lithographic plates
US2874045A (en) * 1954-02-26 1959-02-17 Polaroid Corp Process of washing and protecting photographic silver images
BE556753A (en) * 1956-04-18
US3029727A (en) * 1956-07-13 1962-04-17 Polychrome Corp Method and composition for fixing transfer image
BE567153A (en) * 1957-04-26

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3849134A (en) * 1970-08-03 1974-11-19 Du Pont Copper (i) salt-hydrophilic binder lithographic images
US3878098A (en) * 1970-08-03 1975-04-15 Du Pont Activator solution containing copper (II) ions, halide and a mild oxidizing agent
US3736871A (en) * 1970-08-03 1973-06-05 Du Pont Copper (1) salt-hydrophilic binder lithographic images
FR2400225A1 (en) * 1977-08-09 1979-03-09 Ricoh Kk ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING EQUIPMENT
US4329422A (en) * 1978-02-06 1982-05-11 Napp Systems (Usa), Inc. Post-exposure treating solution for photosensitive graphic arts articles
WO1979000593A1 (en) * 1978-02-06 1979-08-23 Napp Systems Inc Desensitizing solution and process for treating a diazo photosensitive printing plate
JPS56500646A (en) * 1978-02-06 1981-05-14
US4285276A (en) * 1978-11-15 1981-08-25 Howard A. Fromson Method for printing employing lithographic fountain dampening solution
US4548645A (en) * 1983-12-21 1985-10-22 Inmont Corporation Lithographic water based fountain solution concentrates
EP0155620A2 (en) * 1984-03-22 1985-09-25 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Burning-in and gumming for lithographic plates, and process for the preparation of a lithograhic plate
EP0155620A3 (en) * 1984-03-22 1987-10-14 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Burning-in and gumming for lithographic plates, and process for the preparation of a lithograhic plate
US5066568A (en) * 1985-08-05 1991-11-19 Hoehst Celanese Corporation Method of developing negative working photographic elements
US4980271A (en) * 1985-08-05 1990-12-25 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Developer compositions for lithographic printing plates with benzyl alcohol, potassium toluene sulfonate and sodium (xylene or cumene) sulfonate
EP0219719A1 (en) * 1985-10-12 1987-04-29 DS-Druckerei Service Fountain solution for lithographic printing
EP0269760A1 (en) * 1986-12-02 1988-06-08 Bernd Schwegmann GmbH & Co. KG Fountain solution for lithographic printing
US20070269876A1 (en) * 1996-07-04 2007-11-22 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Device and process for treating a liquid medium
US7718073B2 (en) 1996-07-04 2010-05-18 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Device and process for treating a liquid medium
US20100279373A1 (en) * 1996-07-04 2010-11-04 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Device and process for treating a liquid medium
US8097170B2 (en) 1996-07-04 2012-01-17 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Process for treating a liquid medium
WO1999050076A1 (en) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-07 B/M Management Cc Printing solution for lithographic printing
EP1648830A1 (en) * 2003-07-08 2006-04-26 Ashland Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC Devices and processes for use in ultrasound treatment
EP1648830A4 (en) * 2003-07-08 2006-12-27 Ashland Licensing & Intellectu Devices and processes for use in ultrasound treatment
US20070000844A1 (en) * 2003-07-08 2007-01-04 Mario Swinnen Devices and processes for use in ultrasound treatment
JP2007537027A (en) * 2003-07-08 2007-12-20 アシュランド ライセンシング アンド インテレクチュアル プロパティー エルエルシー Equipment and process used for sonication
US7514009B2 (en) 2003-07-08 2009-04-07 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Devices and processes for use in ultrasound treatment
US7448859B2 (en) 2004-11-17 2008-11-11 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Devices and method for treating cooling fluids utilized in tire manufacturing

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