US327031A - smith - Google Patents

Description

' (No Model.) 2 sheetssheet 1.

R. SMITH. PNEUMATIG DEVICE EOE LEADING PAPER THROUGH GALENDEE ROLLS. No. 327,031. Patented Sept. 29, 1885.

N4 PETERS. Pham-Lnhugmphur, washngwn. nc.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. y

R. SMITH.

PNEUMATIG DEVICE EOE LEADING PAPER THROUGH GALENDEE EOLL'S. No. 327,031. Patented Sept. 29, 1885.

Unire STATES Armvr firmen,

RICHARD SMITH, OF SHERBROOKE, QUEBEC, CANADA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- HALF TO THE FALL MOUNTAIN PAPER COMPANY, CF BELLOWS FALLS,

VERMONT.

PNEUMATIC DEVICE FOR LEADING PAPER THROUGH CALENDER-ROLLS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 327,031, datei September 29, 1885.

Application filed December 26, 1884.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD SMITH, a citizen of the Dominion of Canada, residing at Sherbrooke, in the county of Sherbrooke and Province of Quebeahave invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Devices for Leading Paper Through Calender- Rolls; and I dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or gures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specific-ation.

This invention relates to means whereby a continuous rapidly-traveling paper web may be automatically induced to pass between and around the calender-rolls, so called, and thus in its passage to receive a smooth and iinished surface, and is thereby adapted for general commercial purposes.

Hitherto in the process of calendering the paper web, as it passes continuously from the driers of the machine, has been conducted and guided through the stack of calender-rolls by the fingers ofthe machine-tender, and serious accidents are continually occurring, in which the fingers ofthe operator get jammed and terribly bruised and the danger multiplied, since the paper web has to be restored every time its continuity is interrupted for any cause whatsoever. Moreover, in the process of mending up a large amount of broken7 is produced, because the draft and tension across the paper web is not uniform, and folds or wrinkles are caused, which at once make a crack or break in the paper, and these continue until said tension is properly restored, the paper during this interval being rendered useless for commercial purposes.

To overcome these objections, and to render the Waste ofthe paperless and make the effort of mending-up not so laborious to the operative, and reduce the danger to a minimum, I have constructed the following improvements, which embody the subject of my invention: First, in the employment, in combination tion.

(No model.)

with a series of wind cases or shields alter- 5o nately arranged and disposed over one-half the and, thirdly, in the employment of a pair of swift-running draft-rolls disposed upon the 6o free end of a swinging table or carriage, whereby the slack is taken up and properI tension produced upon the paper web prior to its introduction round and through the rolls forming the calender-stack, all of which arrangements and construction I will proceed to fully and completely describe.

In the drawings accompanying this specication, I have shown in Figure l a side elevation of my invention arranged as a whole and iitted upon the calender-roll stack and drier-frame, the two upper rolls being in sec- Figs., 2 and 3 represent a plan of the apparatus; and Fig. 4 a longitudinal and Fig. 5 a transverse section, both enlarged, of one 75 of the doctors, so called.

In these drawings I have shown a portion of the drier-frame of a paper-machine at A, with one of the driers at A', and with the paper rolls a a mounted thereon. Suitably 8O disposed in the standards B B', bolted to the sides of the drier-frame, is the swinging table C, the pivot of which is the shaft D, extending across the machine, while a corresponding shaft, D', is similarly disposed upon the free 85 or swinging end of said table in proper bearings. This latter shaft supports and carries a draft-roller, E, which cooperates with a like roll, E', Springactuated, in order to produce friction between the two rolls, and con- 9o sequent requisite tension upon the paper web. This tension is to be increased or diminished according to the thickness of the web in process of manufacture. The top surface of this tableis of wood, properly smoothed and bolted to the' side frames, to stiffen the table and at the same time give it the requisite lightness.

In order to actuate the draft-rolls E E', I

have attached to the ends of the shafts D D2 drivingpulleys F F', suitably bolted, of which the latter, F',- is the driver, while motive power is furnished by a second belt and pulley, F3, connected thereto. A f

Between the calenderlstack and the end of the drierframe lhave mounted two` curved arms or housings` G G',which support parallel shafts c c', carrying a series of rolls, d d d d', respectively, while running` over these latter is a series of endless belts or tapes, d2 d, similar to those used in printing presses, which extend around a second series of' rolls, e e', of the same diameter as c c', the rolls e e being mounted upontheir shaftsff', and are driven by the driving-pulley G2, and at the same speed as the first series.

When the swinging table Gis moved upward,"

it is evident that some quick and ready means must be adopted by which to sever the'continuously-traveling paper web j ust prior to its alignment with the adjacent faces ofthe endless belts d d before entering between them. rIo accomplish this object I have'secured'a saw-toothed plate or cutter, g, upon the extreme outer or swinging end of the table C, and a fixed or immovable corresponding one at g between the housings F F. The teeth of' these plates interlock, and at the instant the plate g has passed by the fixed cutter g the paper is severed without being stopped, and 1s free to continueits rapid passage, supported Abetween the endless belts d d2, which carry it to the stack ot' calender-rolls.

When the paper web is traveling contlnuously and without interruption, the table reinainsin its normal or raised position, as shown by the dotted lines in Fig. l, and is locked to the standardsF F' by any well-known mechanical device, as a spring catch or bolt,while the tension or pull of' the rolls E E' may be removed entirely by means of a lever or other equivalent which will nullify the tension of the springs until the web again breaks, when their employment will be necessary.

The side standards or housings supporting the calenderrolls are shown at H H', while the rolls are represented at h li' h h3 h4, suitably mounted and journaled in the usual adassume a certain direction, and carry with it the advance end of' the paper web to be led between the rolls. I have therefore shown,

as partially closing the exterior -peripheries of said rolls, a series of alternately oppositelydisposed windcases, I IQI2, V&c., which are plates bent preferably concentric with .the` curvature ofthe rolls and extending th eirentire length.- Furthermore, I have rendered said cases adjustable with respect to the peripheries of the rolls-that is, they are made to advance toward or withdraw from saidrolls,

according as a blast of air is required to conduct the paper web when mending up. ln order to accomplish this readily and operate 'the entire series at one movement, I have pivoted at the Ybase of the front standard, H, a hand-lever, H2, to which are attached two parallel upright connecting -rods, ii', which operate simi-lar oppositelydisposed bell-crank levers J J J2, 8vo., pivoted upon supportingrodsjj'jlj, &c. while short arms or links 7c 7c' /c2 are fastened to the wind-cases. the ends ofl which are secured and move within suitable guides, K K', 85o., attached to the standard I-I. Parts similar to all these are duplicated upon the rear standard, H', in order to move both ends of said wind-cases the same amount and at the same instant, and thus maintain them equally distant at all times from the surface of the rolls.

In revolving bodies centripetal force always exerts a somewhat important function upon an object located upon its surface; hence, and more yespecially in paper-making machines,

the paper web has a greattendencyto adl here to the surface of thecalender-rolls, and pass continuously around one roll in lieu of advancing on and around the next adjacenty roll. This fact is especially noticeable in the manufacture of light-weight paper, and I have found it necessary to employ, in connection with the windfcases above alluded to, a device point where said doctor touches said roll, and.

Iiindthat the .most effective position is a point a short distance to one side of the place of contact between the two rolls where the exterior surface of the top roll first begins toy assume an upward path of movement in its rotation; hence, when the paper af'ter a break is to be mended up, the operator raises the lever. and advances the wind-cases toward the rolls and-in close'proximity thereto, while their respective doctors are brought in close contact with the upwardly-moving surface of;

each roll, and thus any tendency which the 4paper web may have as it emerges from one side between two rolls to the other to pass up and wind around the top roll of thepair,

is instantly checked bythe doctor, which, asthe Vcurve of the lattercoincides with the in- .terior curve of the wind-case, it guides the paper along in its proper course down around' The same action.

the lower roll of' said pair. ensuesv as the paperlweb emerges from between the next two rolls and meets the next doctor, and so on down between the rolls composing the stack.

Mountedupon the wind-cases, with whichJ they are suitably connected, I have disposed a series of pipes, Z Z Z2, 8vo. The latter com- IIO municate with a blower, Il, eith-er exhaust or pressure, and from which the air is obtained as t means for guiding and passing the paper web through the rolls. In the Apresent instance I assume a pressure-currentis applied and continuously passing in the direction ot' the path of movement of the paper web, and I have consequently perforated the pipes ZZ/ Z2, Snc., at any acute angle with the peripheries of the rolls, so as to more readily pass along and maintain the air-current in the same direction with the rotation of the roll.

The doctors M may be made simply as a prolongation ofthe wind-cases; but, since they remain in Contact with the rolls every time the paper web is mended, it necessarily follows that rapid wear will ensue, and the handlever H2 must accordingly befurther actuated to bring said doctors into proper position. This, however, after much use, would bring the wind-cases too closely to the rolls; hence I propose, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, springactuated doctors in which either a series of steel ngers, m m, tre., may be attached to a plate M, or a continuous steel plate or bar may be inserted within a recess formed in the wind-cases and actuated by springs n n., &c. By this device I can easily maintain the doctors in proper contact with the peripheries of the rolls, to compensate for the wear ofthe former, and thus actuate the lever H'Z always a fixed amount, just sufcient to bring the wind-cases in proper relation to the surface of the rolls.

'lhe operation of this apparatus embodying` my invention is as follows, with the various rolls and pulleys moving in the direction of the arrows, as indicated: The paper web has been interrupted and broken for some cause, and it must be restored; hence the operator drops the table C into a horizontal position and lifts the lever H2 to bring the doctors to bear against the rolls h l1. h2, &c., and the windcases I I l2 near to the surfaces of said rolls. rIhe paper is then passed around the rolls a a and drier A', thence over the table C between the quick-running rolls E E', which exert sufcient tension upon the web con'imensurate with its strength, hence adjustable but not enough to break it. Immediately upon the proper restoration of the tension and removal of the slack consequent upon the mending up, the operator swings the table upward,`l

the paper web meantime continuously passing along until the movable cutter g has engaged with and passed the fixed cutter g upon the arms G G. The paper web is then instantly severed, and the draft-rolls carry and feed it directly to the tapes cl2 cl2 d, whence it is conveyed to the entrance of the wind-case I in a line directly at right angles to the calendering-rolls-an important feature, since it obviates the loss of paper incidental to the ordinary method, where the paper web is introduced at an angle with the axis of rotation of the rolls. Upon the arrival of the advance end of the paper web in front of the wind- .case the pressurefrom the air-current through the pipe Z forces it quickly around the roll h, while the interior surface'of said case maintains and guides'it in a proper direction between the rolls It and L.' Immediately said web emerges from between the rolls, although in close contact and with a tendency to pass up and wind around the upper one, it at once encounters the doctor, which removes it therefrom and compelsl it to follow the curve of the Wind-case I', when the pressure from the aircurrent emerging from the pipe Zstill further advances it, and soon through the rollsof the stack, when it may either be passed onward and ledlthrough in a similar manner by means of a second series of tapes d2 d2, to a second stack, or be led to the reels, upon which it is temporarily stored.

Iind a great advantage accrues bythe operation of conducting paper through calenderrolls in the manner before premised-that is, the current of air in passing over the surface of the paper exercises a very decided iniluence in cooling the heated continuous paper web as it passes from the driers. Hitherto it has been customary to grind and finish the calender-rolls cold; hence after being mounted in proper position, and the heated web has passed through them for any length of time, the rolls become hot and expand, and the result is that the faces of the rolls do not coincide, since they were ground to tit when in cool position; and I further ind that a special cold blast of air applied across the web prior to its entrance between the rolls of the stack and independent of the current inducing the progress of said web through the stack, accomplishes the cooling ot' the individual rolls to remain cold; hence there is no expansion, and the surfaces coincide exactly with the greatest degree of efficiency.

I claime l. A series of revolving rolls, over and between which passes a continuously-traveling paper web, in combination with mechanism which applies a current of air or its equivalent to said web in the direction ot' the path of travel of the latter, substantially as set forth.

2. In a papermachine, the combination, with the driers and calenders, ot' a pair of quick-running draft-rolls, so arranged that the normal tension shall be restored to the continuous traveling paper web prior to its introduction between said calenders, substantiall y as and for purposes herein described.

3. In a paper-machine, the combination, with the quick-running draft-rolls, the swinging table, and the cutter or knife attached thereto, of the fixed cutter, whereby the continuously-traveling paper web may be severed without cessation of its movement, and thence conducted to the calendering-rolls, substantially as described.

4L. The combination, with the driers and calender-rolls, ot' the swinging table, the quickrunning draft-rolls, and the endless belts or tapes, by means of which the continuous trav- IIO Aeling paper web is conducted to the calenders in paths of movement at right angles to their axis of rotation, substantially for purposes set forth.

5. The combination, with a series of revolving rolls, of a series of alternately oppositelydisposed adjustable curved plates partially inclosing the peripheries of said rolls, all arranged and operating substantially as described.

6. The combination, with a revolving roll, of a shield or cover, bent concentric therewith and partially inclosing-and adjustable with respect to its periphery, substantially as stated. v

7. The combination, with a `pair of rolls provided with and partially inclosed by bent shields, ofha spring-actuated bar resting upon and in contactwith the surface of the upper RIcHARD sMITH.

Witnesses: Y H. E. LODGE, A. F. HAYDEN.

Images