US3288576A - Treating coal - Google Patents

Treating coal Download PDF

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US3288576A
US3288576A US306326A US30632663A US3288576A US 3288576 A US3288576 A US 3288576A US 306326 A US306326 A US 306326A US 30632663 A US30632663 A US 30632663A US 3288576 A US3288576 A US 3288576A
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phosphite
phenyl
tri
coal
mono
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US306326A
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Emile D Pierron
Philip E Mcintyre
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Monsanto Co
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Monsanto Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives

Definitions

  • Coal is susceptible to oxidation. 7
  • Oxidation of coal is undesirable for several reasons.
  • coal storage piles have been destroyed because of spontaneous combustion; the slow oxidation under conditions that do not permit dissipation of the heat evolved results in increase in temperature, acceleration of oxidation processes, accumulation of more heat until active combustion starts.
  • Another costly effect of coal oxidation is the loss of heating value during storage of reserve fuel pile at power plants. In the case of high volatile matter bituminous C or coal of lower rank, loss in B.t.u. values during storage could amount to to of the original heating value of the coal.
  • the stock of coking coal at a metallurgical coke plant may deteriorate to the point that no satisfactory coke can be produced.
  • phosphite esters inhibit the oxidation of coal.
  • the phosphite ester may advantageously be used in combination with a dihydr-otrialkylquinoline.
  • the antioxidant will normally be within the range of 250-2500 parts per million parts of coal. Where the antioxidant :is composed of the aforesaid mixture the phosphite ester should be at least 50% and preferably 85% of the total. Thus, the antioxidant composition will be composed of 50-85% phosphite ester and -50% dihydrotrialkylquinoline.
  • a high volatile bituminous C rank coal ground to pass a 40 mesh sieve is treated with 750 parts per million of antioxidant.
  • This antioxidant is applied to the ground coal in acetone or methanol solution and the coal so treated is dried at room temperature for a few hours to remove the solvent.
  • the course of the degradation is followed by measuring the oxygen absorption as a function of time.
  • An untreated sample is run as a control.
  • the oxygen absorption is conveniently determined by placing samples of the control and treated material in air-tight containers attached to glass burettes filled with oxygen and measuring the amount of oxygen absorbed.
  • the rate of oxygen uptake for treated samples is significantly lower than for the untreated sample.
  • the effect of oxidation is followed by periodic determination of the heating values.
  • Certain high volatile bituminous B used for metallurgical coke manufacture are usually utilized in coke ovens within a few weeks after mining due to their loss in maximum fluidity produced by oxidation.
  • Maximum fluidity values of the Gieseler plasticity test obtained periodically on untreated and treated samples show that the effect of oxida tion can be appreciably minimized, especially within the first 4 weeks after mining.
  • antioxidant compositions comprise A. 1 part 6-dodecyl-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 5 parts triphenylphosphite B. 1 part 6-dodecyl-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 5 parts tri(nonylphenyl)phosphite C. 1 part 6-ethoxy-1,Z-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 5 parts tri(nonylphenyl)phosphite D. Tri(nonylphenyl)phosphite Compositions A, B and C are applied at a dosage of 750 parts per million parts of coal and Composition D at 625 parts per million parts of coal.
  • the antioxidants are advantageously applied in either emulsion or solution form.
  • the antioxidant may be dissolved in an organic solvent as described or dispersed as an aqueous medium and the composition applied to coal in any suitable manner. Addition of small amounts of a surface active agent facilitates dispersion. It is now customary to wash coal as it comes from the mine.
  • the antioxidant is advantageously applied through adaptation of equipment already installed for washing coal.
  • phosphite esters are available and any of these may be employed in carrying out the method of the present invention.
  • Examples comprise Triphenylphosphite Tri-o-tolylphosphite Tri-m-tolylphosphite Tri-p-tolylphosphite Trixenyl phosphite Tri-beta-naphthyl phosphite Tri-alpha-naphthyl phosphite Tri-p-isopropylphenyl phosphite Tri-p-tert. butylphenyl phosphite Tri-p-tert.
  • butylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(3-dimethylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(2,4-dimethylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(3,4-dimethylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(2,5-dimethylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(2,4,6-tri-tert. butylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(2-methyl-4,6-di-tert.
  • Trio-octylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-nonylphenyl) phosphite Tri- (p-decylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-undecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-dodecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-tridecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-tetradecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-pentadecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-hexadecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-heptadecylphenyl) phosphite Tri- (p-octadecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-eicosyl-phenyl)
  • amyl-phenyl) phosphite Tri(p-octyl-phenyl) phosphite Mono(o-sec. amyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(p-l,1,3,3-tetramethyl butyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(2,4-di-sec. amyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(2-tert.butyl-5-methyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(2,4-di-tert.
  • butyl-5-rnethyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(nonyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(dodecyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(di-nonyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(p-tert.
  • quinoline antioxidants comprise 2,2,4-trialkyl-1,2-dihydro-6- aralkyl substituted quinolines, as for example 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydro-6-aralkylquinolines wherein the aralkyl is benzyl, 1-benzyl-2-phenethyl, l-phenyl-isopropyl or l-p-tolyl-isopropyl.
  • Still further examples are 4 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,Z-dihydroquinoline polymeric 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,Z-dihydroquinoline 2-methyl-2,4-diethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline 2-methyl-2,4-diisopropyl-l,Z-dihydroquinoline 6-methoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-propoxy-l,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-isopropoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-butoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-hexoxy-1,Z-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-phenoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-butoxyethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-methoxyethoxy-1,2-
  • a composition comprising coal having admixed therewith a small amount sufiicient to inhibit oxidation of a phosphite ester antioxidant and a 1,2-dihydroquinoline antioxidant.
  • a composition comprising coal having admixed therewith a small amount sufiicient to inhibit oxidation of a phosphite ester antioxidant.
  • a composition comprising coal having admixed therewith a small amount sufficient to inhibit oxidation of tri(alky-lphenyl) phosphite antioxidant.
  • a composition comprising coal admixed with a small amount suflicient to inhibit oxidation of tri(nonyl phenyl) phosphite.
  • a composition comprising coal admixed with a small amount sufiicient to inhibit oxidation of a tri(nonyl phenyl) phosphite and 6-dodecyl-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline.
  • a composition comprising coal admixed with a small amount sufficient to inhibit oxidation of a dihydroquinoline antioxidant.
  • a composition comprising coal admixed with a small amount suflicient to inhibit oxidation of 6-alkoxy- 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline.
  • a composition comprising coal admixed with a small amount sufiicient to inhibit oxidation of 6-alkyl-1,2- dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline.

Description

United States Patent This invention relates to a method of treating coal and to coal compositions resistant to degradation.
Coal is susceptible to oxidation. 7 The grinding of coal,
required for certain uses, accelerates the oxidation by exposing new surfaces, Oxidation of coal is undesirable for several reasons. For example, coal storage piles have been destroyed because of spontaneous combustion; the slow oxidation under conditions that do not permit dissipation of the heat evolved results in increase in temperature, acceleration of oxidation processes, accumulation of more heat until active combustion starts. Another costly effect of coal oxidation is the loss of heating value during storage of reserve fuel pile at power plants. In the case of high volatile matter bituminous C or coal of lower rank, loss in B.t.u. values during storage could amount to to of the original heating value of the coal. The stock of coking coal at a metallurgical coke plant may deteriorate to the point that no satisfactory coke can be produced.
Although it has been proposed to protect coal by coating of the surface thereof so as to present impervious physical barrier between it and the atmosphere, these treatments have either been ineffective or uneconomical. It has now been found that phosphite esters inhibit the oxidation of coal. The phosphite ester may advantageously be used in combination with a dihydr-otrialkylquinoline. The antioxidant will normally be within the range of 250-2500 parts per million parts of coal. Where the antioxidant :is composed of the aforesaid mixture the phosphite ester should be at least 50% and preferably 85% of the total. Thus, the antioxidant composition will be composed of 50-85% phosphite ester and -50% dihydrotrialkylquinoline.
As an example of the invention, a high volatile bituminous C rank coal ground to pass a 40 mesh sieve is treated with 750 parts per million of antioxidant. This antioxidant is applied to the ground coal in acetone or methanol solution and the coal so treated is dried at room temperature for a few hours to remove the solvent. The course of the degradation is followed by measuring the oxygen absorption as a function of time. An untreated sample is run as a control. The oxygen absorption is conveniently determined by placing samples of the control and treated material in air-tight containers attached to glass burettes filled with oxygen and measuring the amount of oxygen absorbed. The rate of oxygen uptake for treated samples is significantly lower than for the untreated sample. The effect of oxidation is followed by periodic determination of the heating values. Certain high volatile bituminous B used for metallurgical coke manufacture are usually utilized in coke ovens within a few weeks after mining due to their loss in maximum fluidity produced by oxidation. Maximum fluidity values of the Gieseler plasticity test obtained periodically on untreated and treated samples show that the effect of oxida tion can be appreciably minimized, especially within the first 4 weeks after mining.
Examples of the antioxidant compositions comprise A. 1 part 6-dodecyl-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 5 parts triphenylphosphite B. 1 part 6-dodecyl-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 5 parts tri(nonylphenyl)phosphite C. 1 part 6-ethoxy-1,Z-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 5 parts tri(nonylphenyl)phosphite D. Tri(nonylphenyl)phosphite Compositions A, B and C are applied at a dosage of 750 parts per million parts of coal and Composition D at 625 parts per million parts of coal.
The antioxidants are advantageously applied in either emulsion or solution form. The antioxidant may be dissolved in an organic solvent as described or dispersed as an aqueous medium and the composition applied to coal in any suitable manner. Addition of small amounts of a surface active agent facilitates dispersion. It is now customary to wash coal as it comes from the mine. The antioxidant is advantageously applied through adaptation of equipment already installed for washing coal.
A large number of phosphite esters are available and any of these may be employed in carrying out the method of the present invention. Examples comprise Triphenylphosphite Tri-o-tolylphosphite Tri-m-tolylphosphite Tri-p-tolylphosphite Trixenyl phosphite Tri-beta-naphthyl phosphite Tri-alpha-naphthyl phosphite Tri-p-isopropylphenyl phosphite Tri-p-tert. butylphenyl phosphite Tri-p-tert. amylphenyl phosphite Tri-p-phenoxyphenyl phosphite T ri-p-benzyloxyphenyl phosphite Tri-p-chlorophenyl phosphite Tri-(4-methyl 2,6-di-tert. butylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(3-methyl 4,6-di-tert. butylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(3-dimethylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(2,4-dimethylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(3,4-dimethylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(2,5-dimethylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(2,4,6-tri-tert. butylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(2-methyl-4,6-di-tert. butylphenyl) phosphite Trio-octylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-nonylphenyl) phosphite Tri- (p-decylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-undecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-dodecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-tridecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-tetradecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-pentadecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-hexadecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-heptadecylphenyl) phosphite Tri- (p-octadecylphenyl) phosphite Tri-(p-eicosyl-phenyl) phosphite Tri-(Z-ethylhexylphenyl) phosphite p-Octyl-phenyl di(p-nonylphenyl) phosphite p-Nonyl-phenyl di(p-octyl-phenyl) phosphite p-Dodecyl-phenyl di (p-octyl-phenyl) phosphite Tris (di-octyl-phenyl) phosphite Tris(di-nonyl-phenyl) phosphite Tris(p-octyl-phenyl) phosphite Tri(nonyl-phenyl) phosphite Mono octyl-phenyl di(nonyl-phenyl) phosphite Mono(nonyl-phenyl) di(octyl-phenyl) phosphite T-ri dodecyl-phenyl) phosphite Tri(di-nonyl-phenyl) phosphite Tri(p-tert. amyl-phenyl) phosphite Tri(p-octyl-phenyl) phosphite Mono(o-sec. amyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(p-l,1,3,3-tetramethyl butyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(2,4-di-sec. amyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(2-tert.butyl-5-methyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(2,4-di-tert. butyl-5-rnethyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(nonyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(dodecyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(di-nonyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(p-tert. amyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(n-hexyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(n-heptyl phenyl) phosphite Mono (p-n-decyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(p-n-pentadecyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(p-n-hexadecyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(p-noctadecyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(alkylaryl) phosphite Mono(di-sec. amyl phenyl) phosphite Mono(2-tert, butyl 4-methyl phenyl) phosphite Mno(phenyl) phosphite Mono(di-tert. butyl m-cresyl) phosphite Ethylene phenyl phosphite Ethylene 2-chlorophenyl phosphite Ethylene 3-chlorophenyl phosphite Ethylene 4-chlorophenyl phosphite Ethylene Z-methylphenylephosphite Ethylene 3-methylphenyl phosphite Ethylene 4-methylphenyl phosphite Ethylene 4-ethylphenyl phosphite Ethylene 2-cyclohexylphenyl phosphite Ethylene 4-octylphenyl phosphite Ethylene 3-isobutylpheny-1 phosphite Ethylene 2-dodecylphenyl phosphite Ethylene 4-ethoxyphenyl phosphite Ethylene 4-octyloxyphenyl phosphite 2-cthylhexyl bis (p-octylphenyl) phosphite Z-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphite Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phenyl phosphite Bis(2-ethylhexyl) o-tolyl phosphite Bis(2-ethylhexyl) p-tolyl phosphite Bis(2-ethylhexyl) p-octylphenyl phosphite Allyl di -o-tolyl phosphite Allyl bis(p-nonylphenyl) phosphite 3-cyclohexen-1-ylmethyl di-o-tolyl phosphite Di-(dodecyl) mono(nonylphenyl) phosphite Di-(octyl) mono(octyl phenyl) phosphite Di-(decyl) mono(n'onylphenyl) phosphite Di-(nonyl) mono(decyl phenyl) phosphite Di-(nonyl) mono(dodecylpheny1) phosphite Di-(2-octyl) mono(nonyl phenyl) phosphite Di-(nonyl) mono(nonyl phenyl) phosphite Di-(undecyl) mono (nonyl phenyl) phosphite Di-(nonyl) mono(octyl phenyl) phosphite Di-(nonyl) mono(undecy1 phenyl) phosphite Similarly, the dihydroquinoline antioxidants are well known and suitable preservatives may be selected therefrom. Although the quinolines are preferably used in conjunction with phosphite esters they may be employed neat for preservation of coal. Examples of suitable quinoline antioxidants comprise 2,2,4-trialkyl-1,2-dihydro-6- aralkyl substituted quinolines, as for example 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydro-6-aralkylquinolines wherein the aralkyl is benzyl, 1-benzyl-2-phenethyl, l-phenyl-isopropyl or l-p-tolyl-isopropyl. Still further examples are 4 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,Z-dihydroquinoline polymeric 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,Z-dihydroquinoline 2-methyl-2,4-diethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline 2-methyl-2,4-diisopropyl-l,Z-dihydroquinoline 6-methoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-propoxy-l,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-isopropoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-butoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-hexoxy-1,Z-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-phenoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-butoxyethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-methoxyethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-diethylarnino-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline 6-butyl-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline and 6-phenyl-l,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trirnethylquinoline It is intended to cover all changes and modifications of the examples of the invention herein chosen for purposes of disclosure which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. A composition comprising coal having admixed therewith a small amount sufiicient to inhibit oxidation of a phosphite ester antioxidant and a 1,2-dihydroquinoline antioxidant.
2. A composition comprising coal having admixed therewith a small amount sufiicient to inhibit oxidation of a phosphite ester antioxidant.
3. A composition comprising coal having admixed therewith a small amount sufficient to inhibit oxidation of tri(alky-lphenyl) phosphite antioxidant.
4. A composition comprising coal admixed with a small amount suflicient to inhibit oxidation of tri(nonyl phenyl) phosphite.
5. A composition comprising coal admixed with a small amount sufiicient to inhibit oxidation of a tri(nonyl phenyl) phosphite and 6-dodecyl-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline.
6. A composition comprising coal admixed with a small amount sufficient to inhibit oxidation of a dihydroquinoline antioxidant.
7. A composition comprising coal admixed with a small amount suflicient to inhibit oxidation of 6-alkoxy- 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline.
8. A composition comprising coal admixed with a small amount sufiicient to inhibit oxidation of 6-alkyl-1,2- dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,365,974 12/ 1944 Schreiber 252-400 X 2,530,774 11/1950 Kehe et al 252-401 X 2,839,563 6/ 8 Hechenbleikncr. 3,115,465 12/1963 Orlotf et a1.
DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner. CARL F. DEES, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A COMPOSITION COMPRISING COAL HAVING ADMIXED THEREWITH A SMALL AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO INHIBIT OXIDATION OF A PHOSPHITE ESTER ANTIOXIDANT AND A 1,2-DIHYDROQUINOLINE ANTIOXIDANT.
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Cited By (17)

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US7507083B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2009-03-24 Douglas C Comrie Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal
US7758827B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2010-07-20 Nox Ii, Ltd. Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal
US8124036B1 (en) 2005-10-27 2012-02-28 ADA-ES, Inc. Additives for mercury oxidation in coal-fired power plants
US8150776B2 (en) 2006-01-18 2012-04-03 Nox Ii, Ltd. Methods of operating a coal burning facility
US8372362B2 (en) 2010-02-04 2013-02-12 ADA-ES, Inc. Method and system for controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired thermal processes
US8383071B2 (en) 2010-03-10 2013-02-26 Ada Environmental Solutions, Llc Process for dilute phase injection of dry alkaline materials
US8496894B2 (en) 2010-02-04 2013-07-30 ADA-ES, Inc. Method and system for controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired thermal processes
US8524179B2 (en) 2010-10-25 2013-09-03 ADA-ES, Inc. Hot-side method and system
US8574324B2 (en) 2004-06-28 2013-11-05 Nox Ii, Ltd. Reducing sulfur gas emissions resulting from the burning of carbonaceous fuels
US8784757B2 (en) 2010-03-10 2014-07-22 ADA-ES, Inc. Air treatment process for dilute phase injection of dry alkaline materials
US8883099B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2014-11-11 ADA-ES, Inc. Control of wet scrubber oxidation inhibitor and byproduct recovery
US8951487B2 (en) 2010-10-25 2015-02-10 ADA-ES, Inc. Hot-side method and system
US8974756B2 (en) 2012-07-25 2015-03-10 ADA-ES, Inc. Process to enhance mixing of dry sorbents and flue gas for air pollution control
US9017452B2 (en) 2011-11-14 2015-04-28 ADA-ES, Inc. System and method for dense phase sorbent injection
US10350545B2 (en) 2014-11-25 2019-07-16 ADA-ES, Inc. Low pressure drop static mixing system
US10465137B2 (en) 2011-05-13 2019-11-05 Ada Es, Inc. Process to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and mercury from coal-fired boilers
US10767130B2 (en) 2012-08-10 2020-09-08 ADA-ES, Inc. Method and additive for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions

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US8545778B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2013-10-01 Nox Ii, Ltd. Sorbents for coal combustion
US7955577B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2011-06-07 NOx II, Ltd Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal
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US11732889B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2023-08-22 Nox Ii, Ltd. Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal by remote sorbent addition
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US7507083B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2009-03-24 Douglas C Comrie Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal
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US8920158B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2014-12-30 Nox Ii, Ltd. Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal
US10359192B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2019-07-23 Nox Ii, Ltd. Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal
US9945557B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2018-04-17 Nox Ii, Ltd. Sorbents for coal combustion
US9822973B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2017-11-21 Nox Ii, Ltd. Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal
US7674442B2 (en) 2005-03-17 2010-03-09 Comrie Douglas C Reducing mercury emissions from the burning of coal
US8124036B1 (en) 2005-10-27 2012-02-28 ADA-ES, Inc. Additives for mercury oxidation in coal-fired power plants
US8293196B1 (en) 2005-10-27 2012-10-23 ADA-ES, Inc. Additives for mercury oxidation in coal-fired power plants
US8150776B2 (en) 2006-01-18 2012-04-03 Nox Ii, Ltd. Methods of operating a coal burning facility
US9221013B2 (en) 2010-02-04 2015-12-29 ADA-ES, Inc. Method and system for controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired thermal processes
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US9352275B2 (en) 2010-02-04 2016-05-31 ADA-ES, Inc. Method and system for controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired thermal processes
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