US3556934A - Method of forming a paper containing gaseous filled spheres of thermoplastic resins - Google Patents
Method of forming a paper containing gaseous filled spheres of thermoplastic resins Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3556934A US3556934A US685974A US3556934DA US3556934A US 3556934 A US3556934 A US 3556934A US 685974 A US685974 A US 685974A US 3556934D A US3556934D A US 3556934DA US 3556934 A US3556934 A US 3556934A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- microspheres
- particles
- weight percent
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/50—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by form
- D21H21/52—Additives of definite length or shape
- D21H21/54—Additives of definite length or shape being spherical, e.g. microcapsules, beads
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved method for the preparation of paper and an improved paper, and more particularly relates to an improved paper containing small hollow plastic particles and to a method for the preparation thereof.
- hollow gas-filled plastic spheres When adding hollow gas-filled plastic spheres to paper, there tends to be a nonuniformity of distribution of such hollow particles throughout the paper; that is, the hollow spheres tend to deposit adjacent the top or felt side thereof and provide a sheet having something less than desired symmetry.
- a method for making paper which comprises depositing paper making fibers upon a screen from an aqueous suspension and subsequently drying and compressing the deposited fibers to form a generally continuous sheet, the improvement which comprises incorporating within the aqueous suspension from which the fibers are deposited a plurality of synthetic resinous particles, each particle having a generally spherical liquid-containing space therein, the synthetic resinous particles comprising a polymer of from about 65 to 90 weight percent vinylidene chloride and from about 35 to weight percent acrylonitrile, and beneficially a polymer of 65 to 75 weight percent vinylidene chloride and to weight percent acrylonitrile, the liquid being a volatile fluid foaming agent which is a non-solvent for the polymer, such a blowing agent advantageously is isobutane present from about 10 to 25 parts by weight, the particles being expandable to hollow gas-filled monocellular spheres by heating to a tempera- 'ice ture within the range of
- the resinous particles being present in a proportion of from about 0.05 to about percent by weight of the weight of the paper making fibers and each of the particles having a diameter of from about 0.5 to about 50 microns, subsequently drying the paper at a temperature suflicient to cause the synthetic resinous particles to expand to form a plurality of gas-filled particles within the paper sheet.
- a paper comprising paper making fibers having incorporated therein a plurality of synthetic resinous thermoplastic particles, each of the synthetic resinous thermoplastic particles having a generally spherical shape and defining a generally spherical liquid-containing space therein, the synthetic resinous particles being a polymer of from about to 90 weight percent vinylidene chloride and from about 35 to 10 Weight percent acrylonitrile, and beneficially a polymer of 65 to weight percent vinylidene chloride and 25 to 35 weight percent acrylonitrile, the liquid being a volatile fluid foaming agent, such a blowing agent advantageously is isobutane present from about 10 to 25 parts by Weight, and the synthetic resinous particles being expandable to a hollow gas-filled body at a temperature within the range of from about C. to about 100 C., the particles being present in a proportion of from about 0.05 to about 60 percent by weight of the weight of the paper making fibers and each of the resinous particles having a diameter of from about
- the polymer composition of the shell of the expandable microspheres contain from 65 to weight percent vinylidene chloride and from 35 to 10 weight percent acrylonitrile.
- Compositions outside of the hereinbefore mentioned scope are not suitable for the practice of the present invention and either do not expand at normal paper drying temperatures, expand slightly and rupture or otherwise given unsatisfactory performance.
- a wide variety of expanding agents and volatile fluid foaming agents may be employed in the practice of the present invention. Many of such blowing agents are set forth in Belgian Patent 641,711. Particularly advantageous and beneficial are low molecular weight hydrocarbons such as the pentanes, butanes and mixtures thereof. Halohydrocarbons may also be employed either alone or in admixture with other volatile fluid foaming agents. However, the hydrocarbons are found generally eminently satisfactory. Generally, the plastic particles are utilized in a paper in a concentration of from about 0.05 to 60 percent by weight, depending on the desired characteristics of the resultant paper. If papers of minimum bulk density are desired, a maximum quantity of particles are incorporated therein. If maximum physical strength is desired, generally lower quantities are employed.
- the incorporation of from about 0.5 to 10 percent by weight of such particles is oftentimes sufiicient to reduce the density of the paper sulificiently to provide a suificient decrease in the cost of milling of the finished printed article, such as a magazine or book, while required physical characteristics of the paper are maintained.
- the particles or microspheres employed in the present invention are readily incorporated in either long fiber or short fiber pulps, and also in groundwood pulps and rag pulps.
- the incorporation of the plastic particles provides on an equal basis weight comparison a significant increase box after obvious movement of the slurry has ceased.
- Handsheets are formed on an 80 mesh screen and subsequently dried by the following procedure. The handsheet and screen are removed from the deckle box and the sheet transferred and pressed against a sheet of blotin the stillness of the paper as well as a significant inting paper. The sheet is then placed on a polished chrome crease in the caliper.
- thermocouple indicates a temperature drying procedures are readily employed without the need of 95 C. after 6 seconds; a temperature of 100 C. after of adding moisture to the paper.
- a temperature of 100 C. after of adding moisture to the paper In the practice of the about 90 seconds and a maximum temperature of 108 C. present invention, it is undesirable to heat the paper dur- This procedure is employed with all samples in the following the drying procedure to temperatures substantially in mg table with the exception of Samples 5 and 6. Sample 5 excess of about 100 C. to thereby reduce the moisture is removed after 10 seconds and air dried at C. content below 5 percent. Sample 6 is removed after 90 seconds.
- Sample 5 is damp Papers prepared in accordance with the method of the to the touch; Sample 6 appears to be dry. The results of present invention are readily smoothed or polished to prothis experiment are set forth in the following table.
- thermocouple with top platen at 140 0., it was determined that sheet surface temperature was: 98 C. 1n 8 see.; 100 0. in 12 sec.; 113 C. in 21 see; 120 C. in 34 500.; 12-5 0. in 1 111111., 24 see; 130 C. in 2 min.,
- EXPERIMENT 1 A plurality of handsheets are prepared from a bleached hardwood soda pulp beaten to 340 milliliters Canadian Standard Freeness. The quantity of microspheres indicated in Table I is added based on the weight of the wood pulp fiber. Two weight percent alum is added to the slurry. The microspheres have a diameter of about 3 microns; the polymer shell is a copolymer of 75 weight percent vinylidene chloride and 25 weight percent acrylonitrile containing about 35 weight percent neopentane based on the total Weight of the polymer.
- Sheet 3 subsequent to drying, is placed between polished chromium plated sheets which are spaced apart by means of 4 mil thick shims and heated at 115 C. for 2 minutes. No change in caliper is observed. The procedure is repeated with both platens heated to 130 C. and the microsphere-containing sheet exposed for a period of 30 seconds. The surfaces of the resultant sheets are very smooth. This procedure is repeated with sheet 4 to provide a smooth surfaced sheet.
- the results of this experiment are set forth in the following table.
- microspheres of the following composition 65 weight percent vinylidene chloride, 35 weight percent acrylonitrile; polymer shells containing encapsulated therein 38 weight percent isobutane, 90 weight percent vinylidene chloride, 10 weight percent acrylonitrile, 34 weight percent n-butane, 84 weight percent vinylidene chloride, 16 weight percent acrylonitrile, polymer shell containing 27 weight percent dichlorofiuoromethane.
- a method for making paper which comprises depositing paper-making fibers upon a screen from an aqueous suspension and subsequently drying and compressing the deposited fibers to form a generally continuous paper sheet, the improvement which comprises incorporating within the aqueous suspension from which the fibers are deposited a plurality of synthetic resinous particles, each particle having a generally spherical liquid-containing space therein, the synthetic resinous particles comprising a copolymer of from about to weight percent vinylidene chloride and from about 35 to 10 weight percent acrylonitrile, the liquid being a volatile fluid foaming agent which is a non-solvent for the copolymer, the particles being expandable to hollow gas-filled monocellular spheres by heating to a temperature within the range of from about 85 C. to C.,
- the resinous particles being present in a proportion of from about 0.05 to about 60 percent by weight of the weight of the paper-making fibers and each of the particles having a diameter of from about 0.5 to about 50 microns, subsequently drying the paper sheet at a temperature snfficient to cause the synthetic resinous particles to expand to form a plurality of gas-filled particles generally uniformly within the paper sheet.
- copolymer is a copolymer of from about 65 to 70 weight percent vinylidene chloride and from about 25 to 35 weight percent acrylonitrile.
Abstract
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US68597467A | 1967-11-27 | 1967-11-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3556934A true US3556934A (en) | 1971-01-19 |
Family
ID=24754406
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US685974A Expired - Lifetime US3556934A (en) | 1967-11-27 | 1967-11-27 | Method of forming a paper containing gaseous filled spheres of thermoplastic resins |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3556934A (en) |
BE (1) | BE758373A (en) |
Cited By (53)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3683104A (en) * | 1971-01-07 | 1972-08-08 | Dow Chemical Co | Heat resistant cable |
US4179546A (en) * | 1972-08-28 | 1979-12-18 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for expanding microspheres and expandable composition |
WO1985001761A1 (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1985-04-25 | Kmw Aktiebolag | Sanitary paper web having high bulk, bulk and surface softness and method of manufacturing said web |
US4946737A (en) * | 1987-09-03 | 1990-08-07 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Gasket composition having expanded microspheres |
US4988478A (en) * | 1987-12-16 | 1991-01-29 | Kurt Held | Process for fabricating processed wood material panels |
WO1992003296A1 (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1992-03-05 | Eastman Kodak Company | Three dimensional imaging paper |
US5132061A (en) * | 1987-09-03 | 1992-07-21 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Preparing gasket compositions having expanded microspheres |
EP0598372A1 (en) * | 1992-11-18 | 1994-05-25 | New Oji Paper Co., Ltd. | Cylindrical composite paperboard cushion core and process for producing same |
US5800676A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1998-09-01 | Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing a mineral fiber panel |
GB2348509A (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 2000-10-04 | Eastman Kodak Co | Dye-donor element with a transferable protection overcoat |
US6184181B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2001-02-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Process for controlling the gloss of a thermal dye transfer image |
WO2001054988A2 (en) * | 2000-01-26 | 2001-08-02 | International Paper Company | Low density paperboard articles |
WO2002084026A1 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-24 | International Paper Company | Cut resistant paper and paper articles and method for making same |
US6480298B1 (en) | 1998-09-24 | 2002-11-12 | Technology Innovations Llc | Image bearing substrate having increased density and method of forming same |
US6740373B1 (en) | 1997-02-26 | 2004-05-25 | Fort James Corporation | Coated paperboards and paperboard containers having improved tactile and bulk insulation properties |
US20040221976A1 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2004-11-11 | Richard Williams | Paper articles exhibiting water resistance and method for making same |
US6866906B2 (en) | 2000-01-26 | 2005-03-15 | International Paper Company | Cut resistant paper and paper articles and method for making same |
US20050112305A1 (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 2005-05-26 | Fort James Corporation | Coated paperboards and paperboard containers having improved tactile and bulk insulation properties |
US6937358B2 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2005-08-30 | Technology Innovations, Llc | Printable substrate having controllable thickness and method of making and using the same |
US20050224200A1 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2005-10-13 | Robert Bouchard | Super absorbent tissue products |
US20060000569A1 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2006-01-05 | Anna Kron | Microspheres |
US20060102307A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2006-05-18 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Microspheres |
US20060134010A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-22 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Chemical composition and process |
US20060131362A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-22 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Chemical composition and process |
US20060231227A1 (en) * | 2000-01-26 | 2006-10-19 | Williams Richard C | Paper and paper articles and method for making same |
US20060254736A1 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2006-11-16 | Jackson John F | Paper articles exhibiting water resistance and method for making same |
US20070044929A1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2007-03-01 | Mohan Krishna K | Compositions containing expandable microspheres and an ionic compound, as well as methods of making and using the same |
US20070087138A1 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-04-19 | Koenig Michael F | Recording sheet with improved image dry time |
US20070202347A1 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2007-08-30 | John Meazle | Reducing top ply basis weight of white top linerboard in paper or paperboard |
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US20070256805A1 (en) * | 2006-05-05 | 2007-11-08 | Reed David V | Paperboard material with expanded polymeric microspheres |
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US20110151148A1 (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-23 | International Paper Company | Printable Substrates with Improved Dry Time and Acceptable Print Density by Using Monovalent Salts |
US20110151149A1 (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-23 | International Paper Company | Printable Substrates with Improved Brightness from OBAs in Presence of Multivalent Metal Salts |
US8679296B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2014-03-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | High bulk tissue comprising expandable microspheres |
US9068292B2 (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2015-06-30 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Uncoated recording media |
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-
0
- BE BE758373D patent/BE758373A/en unknown
-
1967
- 1967-11-27 US US685974A patent/US3556934A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (115)
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US3683104A (en) * | 1971-01-07 | 1972-08-08 | Dow Chemical Co | Heat resistant cable |
US4179546A (en) * | 1972-08-28 | 1979-12-18 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for expanding microspheres and expandable composition |
WO1985001761A1 (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1985-04-25 | Kmw Aktiebolag | Sanitary paper web having high bulk, bulk and surface softness and method of manufacturing said web |
US4619734A (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1986-10-28 | Kmw Aktiebolag | Sanitary paper web having high bulk, bulk softness and surface softness and method of manufacturing said web |
US4946737A (en) * | 1987-09-03 | 1990-08-07 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Gasket composition having expanded microspheres |
US5132061A (en) * | 1987-09-03 | 1992-07-21 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Preparing gasket compositions having expanded microspheres |
US4988478A (en) * | 1987-12-16 | 1991-01-29 | Kurt Held | Process for fabricating processed wood material panels |
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US5125996A (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1992-06-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Three dimensional imaging paper |
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