US3599218A - Lightweight collapsible dish structure and parabolic reflector embodying same - Google Patents

Lightweight collapsible dish structure and parabolic reflector embodying same Download PDF

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US3599218A
US3599218A US759136A US3599218DA US3599218A US 3599218 A US3599218 A US 3599218A US 759136 A US759136 A US 759136A US 3599218D A US3599218D A US 3599218DA US 3599218 A US3599218 A US 3599218A
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dish
parabolic
beams
reflector
configuration
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US759136A
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Clyde E Williamson
Michael E Bochory
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Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp
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TRW Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
    • H01Q15/161—Collapsible reflectors
    • H01Q15/163—Collapsible reflectors inflatable

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  • ABSTRACT A collapsible lightweight, dish-shaped structure is provided for use as a parabolic reflector and other uses
  • the structure has a dish constructed of a lightweight, thin film membrane.
  • a lightweight, thin film membrane such as an aluminized polymeric plastic film selected from the class including Mylar and Kapton.
  • Lightweight elastic ribs or beams which are preferably slender tubes constructed ofthe same thin film material as the dish. are bonded to the rear surface of the dish and are preformed to cause the dish to normally assume a predetermined geometric configuration. such as a parabolic shape
  • the structure may be folded for stowage in a container, or the like.
  • auxiliary deployment means such as leaf springs secured to the inner ends of the beams, an inflatable ring secured about the rim of the dish, guy wires extending between the rim and a telescopic actuator at the center of the dish, and/or a separable thin film cover defining with the dish an inflatable chamber.
  • This invention relates generally to lightweight collapsible structures and more particularly to a novel lightweight, thin film dish-shaped structure which may be folded to a compact stowage configuration in such a way that the structure, when released, is deployed to its normal dish shape by the elastic strain energy stored within folded reinforcing beams of the structure.
  • the invention relates also to a parabolic reflector embodying the dish structure.
  • Prior Art Lightweight collapsible dish structures of the kind to which this invention pertains may be used for various purposes.
  • the dish structure which constitutes the subject matter of the present invention is intended primarily for use as a reflector fora parabolic antenna and will be described in connection with such use.
  • the present dish structure may be utilized for other applications so that the disclosed antenna application will be understood to be purely illustrative and not limiting in nature.
  • Parabolic antennas are well known in the art and are characterized by the advantage of directional transmitting and receiving capability.
  • a typical parabolic antenna is equipped with a parabolic dish or reflector constructed of a material having a high degree of reflectivity to the radiofrequency energy to be transmitted and/or received, and an antenna feed mechanism situated on the antenna axis adjacent the focal point of the reflector. Because of their directional transmitting and receiving capability, parabolic antennas are commonly employed on space vehicles for receiving radio signals from control stations on the earth and/or transmitting radio signals back to monitoring stations on the earth.
  • the present invention provides an improved parabolic reflector which avoids the above noted and other disadvantages ofthe existing reflectors of this type.
  • the present parabolic reflector is characterized by a lightweight parabolic reflector dish constructedof a thin radiofrequency reflective film reinforced with slender elastic ribs or beams. These beams are prestressed or preformed to cause the reflector dish to assume a normally generally parabolic dish shape. While various thin film materials may be used for the reflector dish, the latter preferably comprises an aluminize'd polyme' c film selected from the class including Mylar and Kapton.
  • flector beams are preferably tubular in cross section and constructed of the same thin film material as the reflector dish. If desired the reflector dish and beams may have a laminated construction including two outer thin film layers bonded to opposite sides of an intervening reinforcing layer, such as metallic screen. Mounted on the axis of the parabolic reflector, adjacent at its focal point, is an antenna feed mechanism.
  • the thin film construction of the present parabolic reflector provides the latter with several unique and highly important advantages.
  • two primary advantages of the reflector from the standpoint of space use reside in the fact that the reflector is extremely light in weight and may be folded to a very compact configuration for stowage within a minimum stowage volume, as within a spacecraft body during launch.
  • the reflector may be folded in various ways but is preferably folded in generally serpentine fashion, in a manner similar to a parachute, for packaging within a bag or other stowage container which may be opened on command to release the reflector for deployment to its normal parabolic configuration.
  • the present parabolic reflector may be equipped with auxiliary means to aid its deployment to the proper parabolic shape, and/or to adjust the parabolic curvature of the reflector.
  • the disclosed embodiments of the invention are equipped with an inflatable ring about the rim of the reflector dish which acts to stretch the reflector radially and resist beam bending of the reflector. This ring cooperates with the reflector beams to eliminate wrinkles in the film of the reflector dish, thereby to assure a reflector with an accurate parabolic reflective surface.
  • the ring also provides the reflector with sufficient structural rigidity in its deployed configuration to resist distortion due to thermal radiation, solar pressure, material degradation, drag and other factors.
  • the reflector may be equipped with guy wires which extend radially between the rim and center of the reflector dish to aid the above function of the inflatable ring.
  • Means may be provided for adjustably tensioning these wires and shifting the antenna feed mechanism along thereflector axis to adjust the parabolic curvature of the reflector and/or locate the feed mechanism in optimum transmitting and receiving relation to the reflector.
  • One illustrative embodimentof the invention is equipped with a second thin film which is situated in front of and parametrically sealed to the rim of the parabolic reflector.
  • This front film and the reflector define therebetween a hermetic chamber which may bepressurized to aiddeployment of the reflector to its proper parabolic shape.
  • the front film may be transparent to the radiofrequency energy to be transmitted and received by the antenna so as to permit the film to remain in position in front of the antenna reflector during the operation of the antenna. Alternatively, the front film may be severed from the antenna reflector after deployment.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a parabolic antenna embodying a parabolic reflector according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective-view of the FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of one of the reflector beams;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged section taken on line 4-4 in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4a is an enlarged section of a reinforcing ring embodied in the antenna
  • FIGS. 5-8 illustrate one method of folding the reflector for stowage
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a modified parabolic reflector.
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view of the reflector in FIG. 9 with a front cover film thereof severed from the reflector.
  • FIGS. 1-8 of these drawings there is illustrated a lightweight collapsible dish structure 10 according to the invention.
  • the dish structure forms the parabolic reflector of a parabolic antenna 12.
  • the reflector has a parabolic dish 14, proper, and a number of preformed reinforcing ribs or beams 16 secured to the back side of the dish.
  • dish 14 is fashioned from a lightweight sheet-thin film, and the ribs or beams 16 are provided with a slender, elastic construction, such that the parabolic reflector may be packaged for stowage within a minimum stowage volume by folding the reflector in the manner illustrated in the drawings.
  • the folded parabolic reflector may then be contained within a storage container 18. This folding action creates elastic strain energy withinthe reflector beams 16.
  • the strain energy in the beams causes return of the latter and the parabolic dish 14 to their original parabolic configuration.
  • the parabolic dish 14 and its reinforcing beams 16 may be constructed of various materials. According to the preferred practice of the invention, however, these parts are fashioned from a polymeric plastic film material, selected from the class including Mylar and Kapton.
  • the parabolic reflector 10 is a radiofrequency reflector, wherein the reflector dish 14 is constructed of a metallic coated plastic film, such as aluminized Mylar or Kapton.
  • the dish may have a single layer or a multiple layer laminated construction depending upon the required structural rigidity of the dish.
  • the reflector beams 16 have a slender thin-walled tubular configuration and are fabricated from sheet-thin film material which is preferably the same plastic film material as that of the reflector dish 14.
  • the beams extend radially of he reflector dish between its center and rim and are bonded or otherwise secured to the back side of the dish.
  • the dish and beams are prestressed or preformed to normally assume a parabolic curvature.
  • parabolic dish 14 and beams 16 may be fabricated in various ways.
  • the illustrated dish for example, is composed of a number of gore-shaped sections 20 which are individually preshaped to a parabolic curvature by stretch-forming or heatforming the sections over a suitable parabolically curved mold.
  • the several parabolic gore sections are then joined edge-to-edge by aluminized pressure sensitive Mylar tape or other suitable means.
  • the reflector beams 16 are preferably heat formed in the manner disclosed in the aforementioned copending application, Ser. No. 757,267. Since the beam forming method is fully disclosed in the copending application, it is unnecessary to treat the method in detail in this disclosure.
  • the beams are fabricated, either from strips of plastic film material which are ultrasonically welded or otherwise bonded along their longitudinal edges to form thin-walled sleeves or tubes, or from sleeves or tubes of plastic film material whose walls are squeezed flat and bonded face-to-face along diametrically opposite sides of the tubes.
  • the completed plastic tubes have diametrically opposed, longitudinally extending flanges 22. These tubes are then heat-formed to'normally assume a parabolic curvature by insertion of a parabolically curved rod or mandrel through each tube and exposure ofthe latter to a suitable forming temperature. The finished parabolically curved beams are then ultrasonically welded or otherwise bonded to the back side of the parabolic dish 14 in such a way that the beam flanges 22 parallel the dish as shown.
  • an antenna mounting hub 24 At the center of the parabolic dish 14 is an antenna mounting hub 24.
  • This hub has a generally cylindrical housing 26 which projects rearwardly from the dish on its central axis. Integrally formed on the front end of the housing 26 is a flange 28. Flange 28 is parametrically secured to the parabolic dish 14 about a central opening 30 in the dish.
  • a telescoping antenna feed mechanism or horn 32 Coaxially mounted on and extending forwardly from the hub 24 is a telescoping antenna feed mechanism or horn 32.
  • This feed mechanism includes a telescoping fluid pressure ac tuator 34 having a cylinder 36 centered on the axis of the reflector dish 14 and rigidly secured at its rear end to the hub 24.
  • Guy wires 38 may be secured between the hub flange 28 and the actuator cylinder 36 to brace the cylinder in the lateral direction.
  • Movable in the cylinder is a telescoping plunger 40 which mounts the receiving and/or radiating element 42 of the antenna. When the antenna is in its normal operating configuration, this element is located at the focal point of the parabolic dish 14. Accordingly, radiofrequency waves incident on the front reflective surface of the dish are reflected to the element 42, and radiofrequency waves emanating from the element are reflected forwardly from the dish parallel to its axis, depending upon whether the antenna is operating in a receiving or transmitting mode.
  • the parabolic dish structure or reflector 10 is adapted to be folded for stowage in the manner illustrated in the drawings and to be later released for deployment by the elastic strain energy stored within the folded reflector beams 16.
  • the particular embodiment of the invention under discussion includes three additional deployment means 46, 48, and S0 for aiding proper deployment of the reflector.
  • the deployment means 46 comprises leaf springs 52 which are fixed at one end to the antenna hub flange 28. The opposite, free ends of these leaf springs extend into the adjacent inner ends of the reflector beams 16 and mount resilient pads 54 for engaging the inner walls of the beams.
  • the leaf springs 52 are bent or bowed in the manner illustrated so that elastic strain energy is stored in the springs.
  • the deployment means 48 comprises an inflatable torus or ring 56 which is secured to the parabolic dish 14 about its rim.
  • the ring When the parabolic reflector 10 is folded for stowage, the ring is deflated.
  • the ring is inflated in any convenient way. In the drawings, for example, the ring is inflated through a tube 58 which extends m the ring, radially inward along the back side of the parabolic dish 14, to a pressurized fluid source (not shown).
  • a pressurized fluid source not shown.
  • the ring tends to stretch the parabolic reflector 10 radially in such a way as to cause the reflector to assume its normal parabolic shape.
  • the inflated ring also reinforces the reflector against beam bending.
  • the torus ring 56 may be a simple plastic tube or a laminate. In the latter case, there is interposed between two plastic layers 560 (FIG. 4a) a screen metal mesh 56b.
  • the metal mesh Upon inflation of the torus ring 56, the metal mesh is prestressed to assume a torus shape. In the event the inflatable ring 56, deflates itself, or the plastic material starts degrading in the space environment, the metal mesh would have enough structural rigidity to restrain the deflection of the beams due to solar pressure.
  • the guy wires Upon degradation of the plastic surface of the ring, the guy wires will remain attached to the metal mesh, as will the ends of the beams to which the ring is attached.
  • the remaining deployment means-50 comprises a number of slender guy wires 60 of fiberglass or other suitable material which extend between the rim of the parabolic dish 14 and the front end of the actuator plunger 40. These wires are arranged in a uniformly spaced array, as shown, and aid in deploying the parabolic reflector to and retaining the reflector in its parabolic configuration. The parabolic curvature of the reflector may be adjusted within limits by extending and retracting the plunger 40.
  • the additional deployment means 46, 48, 50 may not be required in all applications of the invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that any one or more of these deployment means may be omitted.
  • the parabolic reflector may be stowed by first gathering the reflector inwardly toward its axis in a manner similar to that involved in closing an umbrella.
  • the gathered reflector is then folded laterally of its beams 16 in serpentine fashion, preferably with the aid of packaging rolls 62 placed between the adjacent folds, to a final stowage configuration within the stowage container 18.
  • the container is a pleated bag secured about the edge of the antenna hub flange 28. After the reflector is properly folded, the bag is gathered about the reflector and the mouth of the bag is closed by a suitable release mechanism 64.
  • this release mechanism may be designed for release on command by radio signals from a ground station.
  • the bag opens to release, in turn, the folded parabolic reflector 10 which then deploys to its normal parabolic configuration under the action of the elastic strain energy in the beams 16.
  • the illustrated manner of folding the reflector for'stowage is purely illustrative and that the reflector may be stowed by folding it in other ways.
  • the antenna feed mechanism 32 comprises a telescoping actuator 34.
  • This actuator is retracted to its contracted condition when the parabolic reflector 10 is folded for stowage.
  • the actuator is extended to its operating position after deployment of the reflector to its normal parabolic configuration.
  • the ring 56 on the parabolic dish 14 is inflated during deployment as explained earlier, to aid proper deployment of the reflector to its parabolic shape and reinforce the reflector against beam bending.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a modified parabolic antenna 100 according to the invention.
  • the modified antenna is identical to the antenna just described except that a cover film 102 is disposed in front of and sealed about its edge to the rim of the parabolic reflector 10.
  • This front film may be preformed to normally assume a parabolic curvature and is folded with the reflector for stowage in the manner explained earlier.
  • means 104 are provided for pressurizing or inflating, during deployment, the hermetic chamber 106 defined between the parabolic reflector l0 and the front film 102. Inflation of the chamber 106 aids deployment of the reflector to its proper parabolic configuration.
  • the front film 102 may be constructed of a material, such as uncoated Mylar or Kapton, which is transparent to radiofrequency waves, in which case the front film may remain in position on the reflector l0 during operation of the antenna 100.
  • the front film may be separated from the reflector after deployment of the latter to its parabolic configuration.
  • a hot wire 108 is bonded to the front cover film 102 about its edge and immediately adjacent to the rim of the reflector. After deployment, this wire is electrically heated with sufficient current to sever the film from the reflector.
  • the modified parabolic antenna 100 is otherwise identical to and is folded, deployed, and operated in the same manner as the first described parabolic antenna of the invention.
  • the parabolic dish structure of the invention may be used for other purposes.
  • the dish structure could conceivably be employed as an optical reflector, a cover or shelter, or other lightweight collapsible structure.
  • a generally dish-shaped member constructed of a plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton which is preformed to said normal dish shape;
  • said beams being preformed to normally assume a configuration wherein said dish member conforms to its normal dish shape
  • said dish structure being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said dish structure when released;
  • said ring being adapted to be deflated when said dish structure is folded to its stowage configuration and to be inflated during deployment of said dish structure for aiding such deployment, stretching said dish structure radially and reinforcing said dish structure against beam bending.
  • a lightweight collapsible dish structure adapted, to be folded for storage and deployed for use, comprising:
  • a generally dish-shaped member constructed of a plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton which is preformed to said normal dish shape;
  • said beams being preformed to normally assume a configuration wherein said dish member conforms to its normal dish shape
  • said dish structure being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said dish structure when released;
  • a dish structure according to claim 2 wherein:
  • said leaf springs extend radially out from said hub into the inner ends of said beams.
  • a generally dish-shaped member constructed of a plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton which is preformed to said normal dish shape;
  • said beams being preformed to normally assume a configuration wherein said dish member conforms to its normal dish shape
  • said dish structure being adaptedto be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said dish structure when released;
  • said front film and dish structure defining therebetween an intervening hermetic chamber adapted to be pressurized for aiding deployment of said dish structure.
  • a dish structure according to claim 4 including:
  • said separating means comprises a hot wire secured to and extending parametrically about said front film adjacent the rim of said dish structure and adapted to be heated by an electrical current for severing said front film said dish structure.
  • a generally dish-shaped member constructed of a plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton which is preformed to said normal dish shape;
  • said beams being preformed to normally assumea configuration wherein said dish member conforms to its normal dish shape
  • said dish structure being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said dish structure when released;
  • a lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector for a radiofrequency antenna adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use comprising:
  • parabolic reflector dish constructed of a lightweight sheetthin film having a front reflecting surface
  • said dish and beams being preformed to normally assume an unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration
  • said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configura tion when released;
  • a telescoping actuator mounted on the front end of said actuator
  • said actuator being adapted to be retracted to a position wherein said element is situated adjacent said hub to facilitate folding of said dish to its stowage configuration, and said actuator being adapted to be extended to a position wherein said element is situated adjacent the focal point of said dish when said dish conforms to its normal parabolic configuration.
  • a parabolic reflector according to claim 8 including:
  • guy wires extending between the rim of said parabolic dish and the front end of said telescoping actuator.
  • a lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use comprising:
  • parabolic dish constructed of a lightweight sheet-thin film having a front reflecting surface
  • said dish and beams being preformed to normally assumean unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration
  • said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configuration when released; and an inflatable ring extending about and secured to the rim of said parabolic dish.
  • a lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use, comprising:
  • parabolic dish constructed of a lightweight sheet-thin film having a front reflecting surface
  • said dish and beams being preformed to normally assume an unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration
  • said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configuration when released;
  • leaf springs secured to said hub and extending outwardly from said hub into the inner ends of said beams.
  • a lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use, comprising:
  • parabolic dish constructed of a lightweight sheet-thin film having a front reflecting surface
  • said dish and beams being preformed to normally assume an unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration
  • said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configuration when released;
  • said front film and parabolic dish defining an intervening hermetic chamber adapted to be pressurized during deployment of said dish.
  • parabolic dish constructed of a lightweight sheet-thin film having a front reflecting surface
  • said dish and beams being preformed to normally assume an unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration
  • said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configuration when released;

Abstract

A collapsible lightweight, dish-shaped structure is provided for use as a parabolic reflector and other uses. The structure has a dish constructed of a lightweight, thin film membrane, such as an aluminized polymeric plastic film selected from the class including Mylar and Kapton. Lightweight elastic ribs or beams, which are preferably slender tubes constructed of the same thin film material as the dish, are bonded to the rear surface of the dish and are preformed to cause the dish to normally assume a predetermined geometric configuration, such as a parabolic shape. The structure may be folded for stowage in a container, or the like, in such a way that the structure, when released from the container, is deployed to its predetermined configuration by the elastic strain energy stored in the folded beams of the structure. Deployment of the dish structure from its folded configuration may be aided by auxiliary deployment means, such as leaf springs secured to the inner ends of the beams, an inflatable ring secured about the rim of the dish, guy wires extending between the rim and a telescopic actuator at the center of the dish, and/or a separable thin film cover defining with the dish an inflatable chamber.

Description

United States Patent lnienturs (.lyde E. Williamson;
ichael El Bochory both of Los Angeles, Calif.
1:11 Appl 759.136
.111 Filed Sepl.ll.1968
4S] Patented i Assignee Aug. 10, 1971 TRW lnc. Redondo Beach. Calif.
[54 LIGHTWEIGHT COLLAPSIBLE DlSH STRUCTURE AND PARABOLIC REFLECTOR EMBODYING SAME 13 Claims, 11 Drawing Figs.
[52] L.S.Cl.,. v 1 343/840, 343/872,343/915 {51] lnLCln ..H0lql9/l2, HOlqlS/ZO [SO] FieldotSearch r r 343/840, 912,915.872
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PAT EN [5 2.763.002 9/1956 Fitzgeraldetal 343/915 2,977,596 3/1961 Justice r i. 343/915 3.217.328 11/1965 Miller. 1 343/915 1,360,798 12/1967 Webb r M 343/915 3,397,399 8/1968 Carmanctal 3,406,404 10/1968 Maierm.
ABSTRACT: A collapsible lightweight, dish-shaped structure is provided for use as a parabolic reflector and other uses The structure has a dish constructed of a lightweight, thin film membrane. such as an aluminized polymeric plastic film selected from the class including Mylar and Kapton. Lightweight elastic ribs or beams, which are preferably slender tubes constructed ofthe same thin film material as the dish. are bonded to the rear surface of the dish and are preformed to cause the dish to normally assume a predetermined geometric configuration. such as a parabolic shape The structure may be folded for stowage in a container, or the like. in such a way that the structure, when released from the container, is deployed to its predetermined configuration by the elastic strain energy stored in the folded beams of the structure, Deployment of the dish structure from its folded configuration may be aided by auxiliary deployment means, such as leaf springs secured to the inner ends of the beams, an inflatable ring secured about the rim of the dish, guy wires extending between the rim and a telescopic actuator at the center of the dish, and/or a separable thin film cover defining with the dish an inflatable chamber.
PATENTEU Am; 1 01971 3598218 SHEET 1 BF 3 Clyde E. Williamson Michael E. Bochory mvEN'roRs ATTORNEY PMENTED AUGI 0 I9?! 3599219 sum 2 OF 3 Fig, 4
Clyde E. Williamson Michael E. Bochory INVENTORS ATTORNEY PATENTEUAusmrsn 359921 sum 3 or 3' Clyde 5 Williamson Michael E. Bochory INVENTORS ATTORNEY v I LIGHTWEIGHT COLLAPSIBLE DISH STRUCTURE AND PARABOLIC REFLECTOR EMBODYIN G SAME REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS Reference is made herein to cope'nding application Ser. No. 757,267 filed Sept. 4, l968 under Docket 04060, and entitled Light-Weight Elastically Deformable Plastic Article of Manufacture and Method of Forming Same."
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates generally to lightweight collapsible structures and more particularly to a novel lightweight, thin film dish-shaped structure which may be folded to a compact stowage configuration in such a way that the structure, when released, is deployed to its normal dish shape by the elastic strain energy stored within folded reinforcing beams of the structure. The invention relates also to a parabolic reflector embodying the dish structure.
2. Prior Art Lightweight collapsible dish structures of the kind to which this invention pertains may be used for various purposes. The dish structure which constitutes the subject matter of the present invention is intended primarily for use as a reflector fora parabolic antenna and will be described in connection with such use. However, the present dish structure may be utilized for other applications so that the disclosed antenna application will be understood to be purely illustrative and not limiting in nature.
Parabolic antennas are well known in the art and are characterized by the advantage of directional transmitting and receiving capability. A typical parabolic antenna is equipped with a parabolic dish or reflector constructed of a material having a high degree of reflectivity to the radiofrequency energy to be transmitted and/or received, and an antenna feed mechanism situated on the antenna axis adjacent the focal point of the reflector. Because of their directional transmitting and receiving capability, parabolic antennas are commonly employed on space vehicles for receiving radio signals from control stations on the earth and/or transmitting radio signals back to monitoring stations on the earth. However, the design of parabolic antennas for space vehicles poses a problem for the reason that the antenna reflector is often so large as to require the reflector to be collapsible for stowage within the spacecraft body during the launch phase. When final orbit is achieved, the reflector is deployed to its normal parabolic configuration.
A variety of collapsible parabolic reflectors have been devised for this purpose. These existing parabolic reflectors are generally characterized, respectively, by rigid petals, inflatable rigidizable shells, spin stabilized membranes, and ribstiffened membranes. While the existing reflectors are satisfactory to some degree, they have several inherent disadvantages which detract from their usefulness, particularly for space applications. Among the foremost of these disadvantages are excessive weight, excessive stowage volume requirements, excessive cost and complexity, the necessity of using mechanical latching means for retaining the reflectors in their collapsed condition and active or powered deployment mechanisms for deploying the reflectors, and a tendency to malfunction.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to one ofits narrower aspects, the present invention provides an improved parabolic reflector which avoids the above noted and other disadvantages ofthe existing reflectors of this type. In general terms, the present parabolic reflector is characterized by a lightweight parabolic reflector dish constructedof a thin radiofrequency reflective film reinforced with slender elastic ribs or beams. These beams are prestressed or preformed to cause the reflector dish to assume a normally generally parabolic dish shape. While various thin film materials may be used for the reflector dish, the latter preferably comprises an aluminize'd polyme' c film selected from the class including Mylar and Kapton. ,Thereflector beams are preferably tubular in cross section and constructed of the same thin film material as the reflector dish. If desired the reflector dish and beams may have a laminated construction including two outer thin film layers bonded to opposite sides of an intervening reinforcing layer, such as metallic screen. Mounted on the axis of the parabolic reflector, adjacent at its focal point, is an antenna feed mechanism.
The thin film construction of the present parabolic reflector provides the latter with several unique and highly important advantages. By way of example, two primary advantages of the reflector from the standpoint of space use reside in the fact that the reflector is extremely light in weight and may be folded to a very compact configuration for stowage within a minimum stowage volume, as within a spacecraft body during launch. In this regard, it will become evident from the ensuing description that the reflector may be folded in various ways but is preferably folded in generally serpentine fashion, in a manner similar to a parachute, for packaging within a bag or other stowage container which may be opened on command to release the reflector for deployment to its normal parabolic configuration. Folding of the reflector for stowage creates strain energy within the elastic beams of the reflector which is utilized to unfold or deploy the reflector when the container is opened. To this end, the reflector dish and beams are prestressed or preformed to assume a normally generally parabolic curvature when deployed. Additional advantages of the present invention, therefore, reside in the fact in that complex mechanical latching means to retain the parabolic reflec tor in its folded configuration and complex mechanical deployment mechanisms for deploying the reflector to its parabolic configuration are not required.
According to a further feature of the invention, the present parabolic reflector may be equipped with auxiliary means to aid its deployment to the proper parabolic shape, and/or to adjust the parabolic curvature of the reflector. The disclosed embodiments of the invention, for example, are equipped with an inflatable ring about the rim of the reflector dish which acts to stretch the reflector radially and resist beam bending of the reflector. This ring cooperates with the reflector beams to eliminate wrinkles in the film of the reflector dish, thereby to assure a reflector with an accurate parabolic reflective surface. The ring also provides the reflector with sufficient structural rigidity in its deployed configuration to resist distortion due to thermal radiation, solar pressure, material degradation, drag and other factors. The reflector may be equipped with guy wires which extend radially between the rim and center of the reflector dish to aid the above function of the inflatable ring. Means may be provided for adjustably tensioning these wires and shifting the antenna feed mechanism along thereflector axis to adjust the parabolic curvature of the reflector and/or locate the feed mechanism in optimum transmitting and receiving relation to the reflector.
One illustrative embodimentof the invention is equipped with a second thin film which is situated in front of and parametrically sealed to the rim of the parabolic reflector.
This front film and the reflector define therebetween a hermetic chamber which may bepressurized to aiddeployment of the reflector to its proper parabolic shape. The front film may be transparent to the radiofrequency energy to be transmitted and received by the antenna so as to permit the film to remain in position in front of the antenna reflector during the operation of the antenna. Alternatively, the front film may be severed from the antenna reflector after deployment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a parabolic antenna embodying a parabolic reflector according to the invention;
' rear side of the reflector;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective-view of the FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of one of the reflector beams;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged section taken on line 4-4 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4a is an enlarged section of a reinforcing ring embodied in the antenna;
FIGS. 5-8 illustrate one method of folding the reflector for stowage;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a modified parabolic reflector; and
FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view of the reflector in FIG. 9 with a front cover film thereof severed from the reflector.
DESCRIPTIQN OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Turning now to FIGS. 1-8 of these drawings, there is illustrated a lightweight collapsible dish structure 10 according to the invention. In this instance, the dish structure forms the parabolic reflector of a parabolic antenna 12. The reflector has a parabolic dish 14, proper, and a number of preformed reinforcing ribs or beams 16 secured to the back side of the dish. In accordance with an important feature of the invention, dish 14 is fashioned from a lightweight sheet-thin film, and the ribs or beams 16 are provided with a slender, elastic construction, such that the parabolic reflector may be packaged for stowage within a minimum stowage volume by folding the reflector in the manner illustrated in the drawings. The folded parabolic reflector may then be contained within a storage container 18. This folding action creates elastic strain energy withinthe reflector beams 16. When the reflector is released from the container, the strain energy in the beams causes return of the latter and the parabolic dish 14 to their original parabolic configuration.
The parabolic dish 14 and its reinforcing beams 16 may be constructed of various materials. According to the preferred practice of the invention, however, these parts are fashioned from a polymeric plastic film material, selected from the class including Mylar and Kapton. In the particular embodiment of the invention which has been selected for illustration, for example, the parabolic reflector 10 is a radiofrequency reflector, wherein the reflector dish 14 is constructed of a metallic coated plastic film, such as aluminized Mylar or Kapton. The dish may have a single layer or a multiple layer laminated construction depending upon the required structural rigidity of the dish. The reflector beams 16 have a slender thin-walled tubular configuration and are fabricated from sheet-thin film material which is preferably the same plastic film material as that of the reflector dish 14. The beams extend radially of he reflector dish between its center and rim and are bonded or otherwise secured to the back side of the dish. The dish and beams are prestressed or preformed to normally assume a parabolic curvature.
It will be immediately evident to those versed in the art that the parabolic dish 14 and beams 16 may be fabricated in various ways. The illustrated dish, for example, is composed of a number of gore-shaped sections 20 which are individually preshaped to a parabolic curvature by stretch-forming or heatforming the sections over a suitable parabolically curved mold. The several parabolic gore sections are then joined edge-to-edge by aluminized pressure sensitive Mylar tape or other suitable means. The reflector beams 16 are preferably heat formed in the manner disclosed in the aforementioned copending application, Ser. No. 757,267. Since the beam forming method is fully disclosed in the copending application, it is unnecessary to treat the method in detail in this disclosure. Suffice it to say that the beams are fabricated, either from strips of plastic film material which are ultrasonically welded or otherwise bonded along their longitudinal edges to form thin-walled sleeves or tubes, or from sleeves or tubes of plastic film material whose walls are squeezed flat and bonded face-to-face along diametrically opposite sides of the tubes. In
either case, the completed plastic tubes have diametrically opposed, longitudinally extending flanges 22. These tubes are then heat-formed to'normally assume a parabolic curvature by insertion of a parabolically curved rod or mandrel through each tube and exposure ofthe latter to a suitable forming temperature. The finished parabolically curved beams are then ultrasonically welded or otherwise bonded to the back side of the parabolic dish 14 in such a way that the beam flanges 22 parallel the dish as shown.
At the center of the parabolic dish 14 is an antenna mounting hub 24. This hub has a generally cylindrical housing 26 which projects rearwardly from the dish on its central axis. Integrally formed on the front end of the housing 26 is a flange 28. Flange 28 is parametrically secured to the parabolic dish 14 about a central opening 30 in the dish.
Coaxially mounted on and extending forwardly from the hub 24 is a telescoping antenna feed mechanism or horn 32. This feed mechanism includes a telescoping fluid pressure ac tuator 34 having a cylinder 36 centered on the axis of the reflector dish 14 and rigidly secured at its rear end to the hub 24. Guy wires 38 may be secured between the hub flange 28 and the actuator cylinder 36 to brace the cylinder in the lateral direction. Movable in the cylinder is a telescoping plunger 40 which mounts the receiving and/or radiating element 42 of the antenna. When the antenna is in its normal operating configuration, this element is located at the focal point of the parabolic dish 14. Accordingly, radiofrequency waves incident on the front reflective surface of the dish are reflected to the element 42, and radiofrequency waves emanating from the element are reflected forwardly from the dish parallel to its axis, depending upon whether the antenna is operating in a receiving or transmitting mode.
As noted earlier, the parabolic dish structure or reflector 10 is adapted to be folded for stowage in the manner illustrated in the drawings and to be later released for deployment by the elastic strain energy stored within the folded reflector beams 16. The particular embodiment of the invention under discussion includes three additional deployment means 46, 48, and S0 for aiding proper deployment of the reflector. The deployment means 46 comprises leaf springs 52 which are fixed at one end to the antenna hub flange 28. The opposite, free ends of these leaf springs extend into the adjacent inner ends of the reflector beams 16 and mount resilient pads 54 for engaging the inner walls of the beams. When the parabolic reflector 10 is folded for stowage, the leaf springs 52 are bent or bowed in the manner illustrated so that elastic strain energy is stored in the springs. When the reflector is released for deployment, this elastic strain energy returns the springs to their original or normal unstressed conditions. It will be understood, therefore, that the springs aid deployment of the parabolic reflector 10 from its collapsed or stowed configuration to its deployed parabolic configuration.
The deployment means 48 comprises an inflatable torus or ring 56 which is secured to the parabolic dish 14 about its rim. When the parabolic reflector 10 is folded for stowage, the ring is deflated. During deployment of the reflector, the ring is inflated in any convenient way. In the drawings, for example, the ring is inflated through a tube 58 which extends m the ring, radially inward along the back side of the parabolic dish 14, to a pressurized fluid source (not shown). When inflated, the ring tends to stretch the parabolic reflector 10 radially in such a way as to cause the reflector to assume its normal parabolic shape. The inflated ring also reinforces the reflector against beam bending. The torus ring 56 may be a simple plastic tube or a laminate. In the latter case, there is interposed between two plastic layers 560 (FIG. 4a) a screen metal mesh 56b. Upon inflation of the torus ring 56, the metal mesh is prestressed to assume a torus shape. In the event the inflatable ring 56, deflates itself, or the plastic material starts degrading in the space environment, the metal mesh would have enough structural rigidity to restrain the deflection of the beams due to solar pressure. Upon degradation of the plastic surface of the ring, the guy wires will remain attached to the metal mesh, as will the ends of the beams to which the ring is attached.
The remaining deployment means-50 comprises a number of slender guy wires 60 of fiberglass or other suitable material which extend between the rim of the parabolic dish 14 and the front end of the actuator plunger 40. These wires are arranged in a uniformly spaced array, as shown, and aid in deploying the parabolic reflector to and retaining the reflector in its parabolic configuration. The parabolic curvature of the reflector may be adjusted within limits by extending and retracting the plunger 40.
The additional deployment means 46, 48, 50 may not be required in all applications of the invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that any one or more of these deployment means may be omitted.
It will be observed in FIGS. 5-8 that the parabolic reflector may be stowed by first gathering the reflector inwardly toward its axis in a manner similar to that involved in closing an umbrella. The gathered reflector is then folded laterally of its beams 16 in serpentine fashion, preferably with the aid of packaging rolls 62 placed between the adjacent folds, to a final stowage configuration within the stowage container 18. In this instance, the container is a pleated bag secured about the edge of the antenna hub flange 28. After the reflector is properly folded, the bag is gathered about the reflector and the mouth of the bag is closed by a suitable release mechanism 64. In the case of the parabolic antenna for a space vehicle, this release mechanism may be designed for release on command by radio signals from a ground station. When released, the bag opens to release, in turn, the folded parabolic reflector 10 which then deploys to its normal parabolic configuration under the action of the elastic strain energy in the beams 16. It should be understoodthat the illustrated manner of folding the reflector for'stowage is purely illustrative and that the reflector may be stowed by folding it in other ways.
As described earlier, the antenna feed mechanism 32 comprises a telescoping actuator 34. This actuator is retracted to its contracted condition when the parabolic reflector 10 is folded for stowage. The actuator is extended to its operating position after deployment of the reflector to its normal parabolic configuration. The ring 56 on the parabolic dish 14 is inflated during deployment as explained earlier, to aid proper deployment of the reflector to its parabolic shape and reinforce the reflector against beam bending.
Reference is now made to the drawing FIGS. 9 and 10 which illustratea modified parabolic antenna 100 according to the invention. The modified antenna is identical to the antenna just described except that a cover film 102 is disposed in front of and sealed about its edge to the rim of the parabolic reflector 10. This front film may be preformed to normally assume a parabolic curvature and is folded with the reflector for stowage in the manner explained earlier. In this case, means 104 are provided for pressurizing or inflating, during deployment, the hermetic chamber 106 defined between the parabolic reflector l0 and the front film 102. Inflation of the chamber 106 aids deployment of the reflector to its proper parabolic configuration. The front film 102 may be constructed of a material, such as uncoated Mylar or Kapton, which is transparent to radiofrequency waves, in which case the front film may remain in position on the reflector l0 during operation of the antenna 100. Alternatively, the front film may be separated from the reflector after deployment of the latter to its parabolic configuration. In the particular embodiment of the invention illustrated, for example, a hot wire 108 is bonded to the front cover film 102 about its edge and immediately adjacent to the rim of the reflector. After deployment, this wire is electrically heated with sufficient current to sever the film from the reflector. The modified parabolic antenna 100 is otherwise identical to and is folded, deployed, and operated in the same manner as the first described parabolic antenna of the invention.
At this point, it will be evident to those versed in the art that while the invention is disclosed in connection with a parabolic antenna, the parabolic dish structure of the invention may be used for other purposes. For example, the dish structure could conceivably be employed as an optical reflector, a cover or shelter, or other lightweight collapsible structure.
Accordingly, while the invention hasbeen disclosed in-connection with certain physical embodiments thereof, various modifications of the invention are possible within the spirit and scope of the following claims.
What we claim as new in support of Letters Patent is:
l. A lightweight collapsible dishstructure adapted to be folded for storage and deployed for use, comprising:
a generally dish-shaped member constructed of a plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton which is preformed to said normal dish shape;
a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to said dish member and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton;
said beams being preformed to normally assume a configuration wherein said dish member conforms to its normal dish shape;
said dish structure being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said dish structure when released;
an inflatable ring extending about and secured to the rim of said dish structure; and
said ring being adapted to be deflated when said dish structure is folded to its stowage configuration and to be inflated during deployment of said dish structure for aiding such deployment, stretching said dish structure radially and reinforcing said dish structure against beam bending.
2. A lightweight collapsible dish structure adapted, to be folded for storage and deployed for use, comprising:
a generally dish-shaped member constructed of a plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton which is preformed to said normal dish shape;
a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to said dish member and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton;
said beams being preformed to normally assume a configuration wherein said dish member conforms to its normal dish shape;
said dish structure being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said dish structure when released;
a rigid hub secured to the center of said dish structure; and
leaf springs secured to said hub and the inner ends of said beams for aiding deployment of said dish structure.
3. A dish structure according to claim 2 wherein:
said leaf springs extend radially out from said hub into the inner ends of said beams.
4. A lightweight collapsible dish structure adapted to be folded for storage and deployed for use, comprising:
a generally dish-shaped member constructed of a plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton which is preformed to said normal dish shape;
a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to said dish member and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton;
said beams being preformed to normally assume a configuration wherein said dish member conforms to its normal dish shape;
said dish structure being adaptedto be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said dish structure when released;
a front plastic film extendingacross the front side of and secured to the rim of said dish structure; and
said front film and dish structure defining therebetween an intervening hermetic chamber adapted to be pressurized for aiding deployment of said dish structure.
5. A dish structure according to claim 4 including:
means for separating said front film said dish structure.
6. A dish structure according to claim 5 wherein:
said separating means comprises a hot wire secured to and extending parametrically about said front film adjacent the rim of said dish structure and adapted to be heated by an electrical current for severing said front film said dish structure.
7. A lightweight collapsible dish structure adapted to be folded for storage and deployed for use, comprising:
a generally dish-shaped member constructed of a plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton which is preformed to said normal dish shape;
a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to said dish member and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton;
said beams being preformed to normally assumea configuration wherein said dish member conforms to its normal dish shape;
said dish structure being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said dish structure when released;
a rigid hub secured to the center of said dish structure;
a bag secured to said hub for containing said dish structure in its folded configuration, said bag having a mouth remote from said hub through which said dish structure is adapted to deploy; and
means for releasably closing said mouth.
8. A lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector for a radiofrequency antenna adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use comprising:
a parabolic reflector dish constructed of a lightweight sheetthin film having a front reflecting surface;
a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to the back side of said parabolic dish and constructed ofa sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton;
said dish and beams being preformed to normally assume an unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration;
said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configura tion when released;
a rigid mounting hub secured to the center of said dish;
a telescoping actuator mounted on the front end of said actuator; and
said actuator being adapted to be retracted to a position wherein said element is situated adjacent said hub to facilitate folding of said dish to its stowage configuration, and said actuator being adapted to be extended to a position wherein said element is situated adjacent the focal point of said dish when said dish conforms to its normal parabolic configuration.
9. A parabolic reflector according to claim 8 including:
guy wires extending between the rim of said parabolic dish and the front end of said telescoping actuator.
10. A lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use comprising:
a parabolic dish constructed of a lightweight sheet-thin film having a front reflecting surface;
a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to the back side of said parabolic dish and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton;
said dish and beams being preformed to normally assumean unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration;
said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configuration when released; and an inflatable ring extending about and secured to the rim of said parabolic dish.
11. A lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use, comprising:
a parabolic dish constructed of a lightweight sheet-thin film having a front reflecting surface;
a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to the back side of said parabolic dish and constructed ofa sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton;
said dish and beams being preformed to normally assume an unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration;
said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configuration when released;
a rigid hub secured to the center of said dish; and
leaf springs secured to said hub and extending outwardly from said hub into the inner ends of said beams.
12. A lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use, comprising:
a parabolic dish constructed of a lightweight sheet-thin film having a front reflecting surface;
a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to the back side of said parabolic dish and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton;
said dish and beams being preformed to normally assume an unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration;
said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configuration when released;
a front film extending across the front side of and secured to the rim of said parabolic dish; and
said front film and parabolic dish defining an intervening hermetic chamber adapted to be pressurized during deployment of said dish.
13. A lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use, comprising:
a parabolic dish constructed of a lightweight sheet-thin film having a front reflecting surface;
a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to the back side of said parabolic dish and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton;
said dish and beams being preformed to normally assume an unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration;
said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configuration when released;
, a rigid hub secured to the center of said dish;
a bag secured to said hub at the rear side of said dish for containing said parabolic reflector in its folded configuration, said bag having a mouth remote from said hub through which said parabolic reflector is adapted to deploy; and
means for closing said mouth.

Claims (13)

1. A lightweight collapsible dish structure adapted to be folded for storage and deployed for use, comprising: a generally dish-shaped member constructed of a plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton which is preformed to said normal dish shape; a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to said dish member and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton; said beams being preformed to normally assume a configuration wherein said dish member conforms to its normal dish shape; said dish structure being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said dish structure when reLeased; an inflatable ring extending about and secured to the rim of said dish structure; and said ring being adapted to be deflated when said dish structure is folded to its stowage configuration and to be inflated during deployment of said dish structure for aiding such deployment, stretching said dish structure radially and reinforcing said dish structure against beam bending.
2. A lightweight collapsible dish structure adapted to be folded for storage and deployed for use, comprising: a generally dish-shaped member constructed of a plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton which is preformed to said normal dish shape; a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to said dish member and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton; said beams being preformed to normally assume a configuration wherein said dish member conforms to its normal dish shape; said dish structure being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said dish structure when released; a rigid hub secured to the center of said dish structure; and leaf springs secured to said hub and the inner ends of said beams for aiding deployment of said dish structure.
3. A dish structure according to claim 2 wherein: said leaf springs extend radially out from said hub into the inner ends of said beams.
4. A lightweight collapsible dish structure adapted to be folded for storage and deployed for use, comprising: a generally dish-shaped member constructed of a plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton which is preformed to said normal dish shape; a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to said dish member and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton; said beams being preformed to normally assume a configuration wherein said dish member conforms to its normal dish shape; said dish structure being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said dish structure when released; a front plastic film extending across the front side of and secured to the rim of said dish structure; and said front film and dish structure defining therebetween an intervening hermetic chamber adapted to be pressurized for aiding deployment of said dish structure.
5. A dish structure according to claim 4 including: means for separating said front film said dish structure.
6. A dish structure according to claim 5 wherein: said separating means comprises a hot wire secured to and extending parametrically about said front film adjacent the rim of said dish structure and adapted to be heated by an electrical current for severing said front film said dish structure.
7. A lightweight collapsible dish structure adapted to be folded for storage and deployed for use, comprising: a generally dish-shaped member constructed of a plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton which is preformed to said normal dish shape; a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to said dish member and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton; said beams being preformed to normally assume a configuration wherein said dish member conforms to its normal dish shape; said dish structure being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said dish structure when released; a rigid hub secured to the center of said dish structure; a bag secured to said hub for containing said dish structure in its folded configuration, said bag having a mouth remote from said hub through which said dish structure Is adapted to deploy; and means for releasably closing said mouth.
8. A lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector for a radiofrequency antenna adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use comprising: a parabolic reflector dish constructed of a lightweight sheet-thin film having a front reflecting surface; a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to the back side of said parabolic dish and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton; said dish and beams being preformed to normally assume an unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration; said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configuration when released; a rigid mounting hub secured to the center of said dish; a telescoping actuator mounted on the front end of said actuator; and said actuator being adapted to be retracted to a position wherein said element is situated adjacent said hub to facilitate folding of said dish to its stowage configuration, and said actuator being adapted to be extended to a position wherein said element is situated adjacent the focal point of said dish when said dish conforms to its normal parabolic configuration.
9. A parabolic reflector according to claim 8 including: guy wires extending between the rim of said parabolic dish and the front end of said telescoping actuator.
10. A lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use comprising: a parabolic dish constructed of a lightweight sheet-thin film having a front reflecting surface; a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to the back side of said parabolic dish and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton; said dish and beams being preformed to normally assume an unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration; said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configuration when released; and an inflatable ring extending about and secured to the rim of said parabolic dish.
11. A lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use, comprising: a parabolic dish constructed of a lightweight sheet-thin film having a front reflecting surface; a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to the back side of said parabolic dish and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton; said dish and beams being preformed to normally assume an unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration; said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configuration when released; a rigid hub secured to the center of said dish; and leaf springs secured to said hub and extending outwardly from said hub into the inner ends of said beams.
12. A lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use, comprising: a parabolic dish constructed of a lightweight sheet-thin film having a front reflecting surface; a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to the back side of said parabolic dish and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton; said dish and beams beIng preformed to normally assume an unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration; said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configuration when released; a front film extending across the front side of and secured to the rim of said parabolic dish; and said front film and parabolic dish defining an intervening hermetic chamber adapted to be pressurized during deployment of said dish.
13. A lightweight collapsible parabolic reflector adapted to be folded for stowage and deployed for use, comprising: a parabolic dish constructed of a lightweight sheet-thin film having a front reflecting surface; a number of individual elastic beams of tubular cross section extending radially of and secured to the back side of said parabolic dish and constructed of a sheet-thin plastic film such as Mylar or Kapton; said dish and beams being preformed to normally assume an unstressed configuration wherein said reflector conforms to its normal parabolic configuration; said reflector being adapted to be gathered and folded to a compact stowage configuration wherein elastic strain energy is stored within said beams for effecting deployment of said reflector to its normal parabolic configuration when released; a rigid hub secured to the center of said dish; a bag secured to said hub at the rear side of said dish for containing said parabolic reflector in its folded configuration, said bag having a mouth remote from said hub through which said parabolic reflector is adapted to deploy; and means for closing said mouth.
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US6951397B1 (en) * 2002-03-19 2005-10-04 Lockheed Martin Corporation Composite ultra-light weight active mirror for space applications
US20060033674A1 (en) * 2002-05-30 2006-02-16 Essig John R Jr Multi-function field-deployable resource harnessing apparatus and methods of manufacture
US20080186242A1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2008-08-07 Sam Shuster Enclosed mobile/transportable satellite antenna system
US20090262033A1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2009-10-22 Lael King Releasably mountable mobile/transportable motorized antenna system
US20110030015A1 (en) * 2009-08-01 2011-02-03 Lael King Enclosed antenna system for receiving broadcasts from multiple sources
US20110100355A1 (en) * 2008-05-07 2011-05-05 Airlight Energy Holding Sa Trough collector for a solar power plant
US20110114083A1 (en) * 2008-03-28 2011-05-19 Andrea Pedretti Trough collector for a solar power plant
US20120266868A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2012-10-25 Airlight Energy Ip Sa Parabolic collector
US8789116B2 (en) 2011-11-18 2014-07-22 Electronic Controlled Systems, Inc. Satellite television antenna system
US20160156107A1 (en) * 2014-12-02 2016-06-02 Ubiquiti Networks, Inc. Multi-panel antenna system
US20160197394A1 (en) * 2013-09-06 2016-07-07 MMA Design, LLC Deployable Reflectarray Antenna Structure
EP3059800A1 (en) * 2015-02-17 2016-08-24 MMA Design, LLC Deployable reflectarray antenna structure
GB2555656A (en) * 2016-11-08 2018-05-09 Oxford Space Systems Deployable wrapped rib assembly
US10998624B2 (en) * 2016-06-06 2021-05-04 Wuhan Syntek Ltd. Antenna with reconfigurable beam direction and antenna array with reconfigurable beam scanning range
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US6215453B1 (en) 1999-03-17 2001-04-10 Burt Baskette Grenell Satellite antenna enhancer and method and system for using an existing satellite dish for aiming replacement dish
US6331839B1 (en) 1999-03-17 2001-12-18 Burt Baskette Grenell Satellite antenna enhancer and method and system for using an existing satellite dish for aiming replacement dish
US6373449B1 (en) * 1999-09-21 2002-04-16 The Johns Hopkins University Hybrid inflatable antenna
US6340956B1 (en) * 1999-11-12 2002-01-22 Leland H. Bowen Collapsible impulse radiating antenna
US6411255B2 (en) * 2000-03-10 2002-06-25 Agence Spatiale Europeenne Reflector antenna comprising a plurality of panels
WO2001080362A3 (en) * 2000-04-14 2002-03-28 Harris Corp Compactly stowable, thin continuous surface-based antenna having radial and perimeter stiffness that delpoy and maintain antenna surface in prescribed surface geometry
WO2001080362A2 (en) * 2000-04-14 2001-10-25 Harris Corporation Compactly stowable, thin continuous surface-based antenna having radial and perimeter stiffness that delpoy and maintain antenna surface in prescribed surface geometry
US20040207566A1 (en) * 2001-05-30 2004-10-21 Essig John Raymond Modular inflatable multifunction field-deployable apparatus and methods of manufacture
EP1509967A1 (en) * 2001-05-30 2005-03-02 John R. Essig, Jr. Inflatable multi-function parabolic reflector apparatus and methods of manufacture
US20050103329A1 (en) * 2001-05-30 2005-05-19 Essig John R.Jr. Inflatable multi-function parabolic reflector apparatus and methods of manufacture
US7382332B2 (en) 2001-05-30 2008-06-03 Essig Jr John Raymond Modular inflatable multifunction field-deployable apparatus and methods of manufacture
EP1509967A4 (en) * 2001-05-30 2006-12-13 John R Essig Jr Inflatable multi-function parabolic reflector apparatus and methods of manufacture
US20050035880A1 (en) * 2001-09-27 2005-02-17 Roland Inductive loop detector
US7064885B1 (en) 2002-03-19 2006-06-20 Lockheed Martin Corporation Composite ultra-light weight active mirror for space applications
US6951397B1 (en) * 2002-03-19 2005-10-04 Lockheed Martin Corporation Composite ultra-light weight active mirror for space applications
US7612735B2 (en) 2002-05-30 2009-11-03 Essig Jr John R Multi-function field-deployable resource harnessing apparatus and methods of manufacture
US20060033674A1 (en) * 2002-05-30 2006-02-16 Essig John R Jr Multi-function field-deployable resource harnessing apparatus and methods of manufacture
US8816923B2 (en) 2007-02-07 2014-08-26 Electronic Controlled Systems, Inc. Motorized satellite television antenna system
US20080186242A1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2008-08-07 Sam Shuster Enclosed mobile/transportable satellite antenna system
US20090262033A1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2009-10-22 Lael King Releasably mountable mobile/transportable motorized antenna system
US20080246677A1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2008-10-09 Sam Shuster Enclosed mobile/transportable satellite antenna system
US7679573B2 (en) 2007-02-07 2010-03-16 King Controls Enclosed mobile/transportable motorized antenna system
US7595764B2 (en) 2007-02-07 2009-09-29 Wallace Technologies Enclosed mobile/transportable satellite antenna system
US20110114083A1 (en) * 2008-03-28 2011-05-19 Andrea Pedretti Trough collector for a solar power plant
US20110100355A1 (en) * 2008-05-07 2011-05-05 Airlight Energy Holding Sa Trough collector for a solar power plant
US20110030015A1 (en) * 2009-08-01 2011-02-03 Lael King Enclosed antenna system for receiving broadcasts from multiple sources
US8368611B2 (en) 2009-08-01 2013-02-05 Electronic Controlled Systems, Inc. Enclosed antenna system for receiving broadcasts from multiple sources
US9146043B2 (en) * 2009-12-17 2015-09-29 Airlight Energy Ip Sa Parabolic collector
US20120266868A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2012-10-25 Airlight Energy Ip Sa Parabolic collector
US9118974B2 (en) 2011-11-18 2015-08-25 Electronic Controlled Systems, Inc. Satellite television antenna system
US8789116B2 (en) 2011-11-18 2014-07-22 Electronic Controlled Systems, Inc. Satellite television antenna system
US10263316B2 (en) * 2013-09-06 2019-04-16 MMA Design, LLC Deployable reflectarray antenna structure
US20160197394A1 (en) * 2013-09-06 2016-07-07 MMA Design, LLC Deployable Reflectarray Antenna Structure
US11901605B2 (en) 2013-09-06 2024-02-13 M.M.A. Design, LLC Deployable antenna structure
US10826157B2 (en) 2013-09-06 2020-11-03 MMA Design, LLC Deployable reflectarray antenna structure
US10763569B2 (en) 2013-09-06 2020-09-01 M.M.A. Design, LLC Deployable reflectarray antenna structure
US20160156107A1 (en) * 2014-12-02 2016-06-02 Ubiquiti Networks, Inc. Multi-panel antenna system
US9698491B2 (en) * 2014-12-02 2017-07-04 Ubiquiti Networks, Inc. Multi-panel antenna system
EP3059800A1 (en) * 2015-02-17 2016-08-24 MMA Design, LLC Deployable reflectarray antenna structure
US10998624B2 (en) * 2016-06-06 2021-05-04 Wuhan Syntek Ltd. Antenna with reconfigurable beam direction and antenna array with reconfigurable beam scanning range
GB2555656A (en) * 2016-11-08 2018-05-09 Oxford Space Systems Deployable wrapped rib assembly
DE102019135536A1 (en) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-24 Hans-Werner Friedrich Briese Reflector screen with a gathered reflection element and reflector arrangement with such a reflector screen

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