US3611939A - Primer - Google Patents

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US3611939A
US3611939A US4960A US3611939DA US3611939A US 3611939 A US3611939 A US 3611939A US 4960 A US4960 A US 4960A US 3611939D A US3611939D A US 3611939DA US 3611939 A US3611939 A US 3611939A
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Prior art keywords
primer
booster
priming composition
composition
charge
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US4960A
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Hans Stadler
Heinz Gawlick
Hellmut Bendler
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HELIMUT BENDLER
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HELIMUT BENDLER
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/12Primers; Detonators electric
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06CDETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C7/00Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0803Primers; Detonators characterised by the combination of per se known chemical composition in the priming substance
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0807Primers; Detonators characterised by the particular configuration of the transmission channels from the priming energy source to the charge to be ignited, e.g. multiple channels, nozzles, diaphragms or filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0815Intermediate ignition capsules, i.e. self-contained primary pyrotechnic module transmitting the initial firing signal to the secondary explosive, e.g. using electric, radio frequency, optical or percussion signals to the secondary explosive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/10Percussion caps

Definitions

  • a primer comprising a body of priming composition composed of a thermal mixture and an initial detonating agent, and a body of booster material composed of thermal mixture substantially free of initial detonating agent.
  • the [54] PRIMER booster material and the priming composition are in direct 2 Claims, 3 Drawing Figs. contact.
  • the powder is usually smokeless powder, in a charge amounting to between 1 and 8 grams, in which case quantifies of 20 to 40 mg. of priming composition suffice.
  • Priming composition Larger cartridges with a caliber of 15 or 20 mm., in which the amount of powder runs as high as about 50 grams, require correspondingly larger amounts of priming composition to ig' nite the powder.
  • Percussion and electrical primers are made for this purpose which contain a charge of up to 200 mg. of priming composition. The handling of these heavily charged primers is not always without danger, and special precautions must be taken in the shipment and in the installation of these primers to prevent unintentional explosions. An amount of 200 mg. of primer composition is, in general, not exceeded for reasons of safety because otherwise it would act as an explosive detonator.
  • threaded percussion primers have long been used. These threaded primers have only small percussion caps containing approximately the same amount of priming composition as a gun cartridge primer and in addition contain a charge of black powder.
  • the priming composition serves to ignite the black powder.
  • This black powder the charge and arrangement of which may vary considerably according to requirements, serves in turn to ignite the smokeless powder.
  • primer is used to designate the thing inserted in a shell or the like, and which receives an initial impulse to effect firing of the shell.
  • primer composition is a composition within the shell responsive to the initial impulse.
  • the primer may contain a booster charge.” ln the case of shells containing a charge in excess of 50 grams, described above, the primer contains a primer composition and in addition a booster charge (which can be black powder), and the primer composition initiates the booster charge and the booster charge in turn initiates the shell charge.
  • black powder booster charge is accompanied by the disadvantage of requiring much space, this being due to the relatively small caloric yield developed by black powder. Due to black powders high sensitivity to moisture, special measures must be taken to seal it. It is furthermore necessary to pack the blackpowder loosely, so that it will burn fairly rapidly to achieve the short ignition time required for the shot. It is not possible to concentrate the black powder into a small space by great compression, because this causes it to burn slowly and with a great delay.
  • a gas-rich booster charge will drive the smokeless powder propellant out of the cartridge before it can be ignited. This is particularly true of cartridges having naught but light wadding (instead of a projectile), as for example in the case of blank cartridges or cartridges used to propel mortar shells, and cartridges in which the sidewall of the casing is perforated.
  • the problem thus develops of creating a primer with a booster charge which will work with a relatively small amount of primer composition, ignites very easily, requires little space, and is better as regards gas development than the previously known primers which contain a booster charge.
  • a common primer composition is made up of an admixture of a thermal material or mixture, and an initial detonating agent.
  • the thermal mixture can be composed of oxygen carrier, oxidizer and reducer; the initial detonating agent can be such as tricinate, tetracene, lead azide or mercury fulminate. Without the initial detonating agent, the thermal mixture reacts but poorly. Consequently (as is known), the content of initial detonating agent cannot be reduced below a certain percentage without risking the loss of the igniting power of the priming composition.
  • the surprising discovery has been made that the reactivity of the thermal mixture containing no initial detonating agent is excellent if the reaction is initiated by igniting it with a thermal mixture that does contain an initial detonating agent.
  • This characteristic of the reaction of the explosive-free thermal mixture is utilized according to the invention by providing a booster charge composed of a thermal mixture of oxidizer and reducer, but containing no initial detonating agent. In this manner a rapidly acting primer is obtained which, with a very small amount of initial detonating agent, is capable of igniting even relatively large amounts of smokeless powder.
  • booster charge on account of its high calorie content, requires substantially less space than prior art charges, and also especially because of the fact that it can be very highly compressed, e.g. up to 1,000 kg. per sq. cm., desirably 500-],000 kg. per sq. cm.
  • a booster charge 2.5 cm. along according to the invention is equivalent to a prior art booster charge approximately 10 cm. long.
  • thermal mixtures suitable as the booster charge are particularly good examples of thermal mixtures suitable as the booster charge:
  • nitrates of the groups la and lla of the Periodical System of the Elements may be used oxygen carriers.
  • Other nitrates can also be used as oxygen carriers, such as basic lead nitrates.
  • the oxides and dioxides, respectively, as cited above are also oxygen carriers, but their main purpose is to accelerate the reaction of the nitrates. They are oxidizers.
  • the thermal mixture i.e. the booster, should be free of or the tantially free of chlorates and perchlorates.
  • a mixture of thermal components and initial detonating agents which would be suitable as the primer composition is, for example:
  • the thermal mixture component in the priming composition does not have to be identical to the booster composition, but preferably has the same character.
  • the upper limit of the ratio of priming composition charge to booster charge can be set at about 1 to 500.
  • the invention provides a primer comprising a container, a body of priming composition within the container, and a body of booster material within the container. These bodies are in communication with each other for igniting of the booster material in response to detonation of the priming composition.
  • the primer further includes means for effecting the detonation, such as a plate for transmitting impact to the priming composition or for transmitting an electrical igniting impulse thereto.
  • the booster material comprises a thermal mixture which is substantially free of initial detonation agent, and the priming composition consists essentially of a thermal mixture and initial detonation agent. Desirably the thermal mixture of the booster and the thermal mixture of the priming composition consist essentially of the same components.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are of primers according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a portion of a shell outfitted with a primer according to the invention.
  • the primer body consists of the shell 1, the threaded collar 2 and the bottom plate 3, which is held tightly against shell 1 by the threaded collar 2.
  • the compressed priming charge 6 is inserted into a recess 4 in the bottom plate 3 in a cup 5, the said priming charge consisting of a thermal mixture and an initial detonating agent.
  • Above the priming charge 6 is the anvil 7 with holes 7a.
  • the booster charge 8, which contains no initial detonating agent, is pressed into the funnel-shaped hole 9 in shell 1, and is covered by a thin lid 10.
  • the transition from passage 18 to chamber 9 is not abrupt, but passes through a conically flared portion 11 with walls at an angle of about 30 to 60.
  • the ratio of booster charge to priming composition is 500.
  • the booster material is contained within a chamber provided in the container, and this chamber has an axially extending portion of relatively large cross-sectional area and an axially extending portion of relatively small cross-sectional area.
  • the axially extending portion of small cross section is disposed to transmit initiation of the booster material from the primer composition to the portion of relatively large cross-sectional area.
  • the diameter of the large portion can be 2-6 times the diameter of the small portion (or the area of the large portion can be about 4-36 times the area of the small portion).
  • the booster material and priming composition can be in direct contact, and, desirably, the diameter of the body of booster material is about 3 times the diameter of the body of priming composition at the locus of direct contact (the cross-sectional area of the booster material about 9 times that of the priming composition).
  • an electrically operated primer is shown.
  • 12 represents the outer shell, 13 a supporting shell, 14 a plug for the one pole of the electrical igniting system including contact 14a, and 15 is an insulator.
  • the priming charge is designated as 16, and the booster charge containing no initial detonating agent is designated as 17.
  • This embodiment differs from the one in FIG. 1, in that the booster charge 17 is pressed directly upon the priming charge 16. However, it is not necessary that both charges have the same diameter when pressed together. The diameter of the booster charge can also be greater than that of the priming charge by as much as a factor of three.
  • the design of FIG. 2 is desirable when it is desired to have the priming flash cover the entire charge chamber.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 2 can furthermore also be used for percussion fuses.
  • a shell 20 containing a charge of smokeless powder 21 is outfitted with a primer 22.
  • the primer of the invention is well suited for shells having a projectile piece as well as blanks, cartridges for use to propel mortar shells, cartridges with wadding, etc.
  • a primer comprising a container, a body of priming composition within the container, a body of booster material within the container, said bodies being in communication with each other for igniting of the booster material in response to detonation of the priming composition, and means for effecting detonation of the priming composition
  • the booster material comprising a thermal mixture substantially free of initial detonation agent
  • the priming composition consisting essentially of a thermal mixture and initial detonation agent
  • the thermal mixtures comprising an oxidizer selected from the group consisting of the oxides of lead, copper, manganese, iron, and a reducer selected from the group consisting of aluminum, calcium, silicon, boron, zirconium, magnesium
  • the proportion of primer composition to booster material being in the range of about 1:1 to 1:500, the booster material and the priming composition being in direct contact.
  • the cross-sectional area of the booster material being about times that of the priming composition where the booster material and the priming composition are in direct contact.
  • Col. 3 line 53 change "2-6" to --and chamber line 55 change "4-36" to --one sixth of the diameter of--.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

A primer comprising a body of priming composition composed of a thermal mixture and an initial detonating agent, and a body of booster material composed of thermal mixture substantially free of initial detonating agent. The booster material and the priming composition are in direct contact.

Description

United States Patent [72] Inventors Hans Stadler [52] U.S. Cl 102/46, Rankestrasse 55, 85 Nurnberg; 102 5 Heinz Gawlick, Boenerstr. 32, 851 Furth [51] Int. Cl F42b 9/08 LB; llellmut Bendler, Carl v. Lindestr. 28a, [50] Field 01' Search... 102/46, 28, 85 Nurnberg, Furth/Bay, all of Germany 702 86, 5 [2|] App]. No. 4,960 [22] Filed Jan. 22, 1970 [56] References Cited [231 Division of Ser. No. 691,647, Dec. 18, 1967, UNITED STATES PATENTS 3499386 which is a continuation of 520,1 16 5/1 894 Mason 102/46 Ser. No. 612,049, Jan. 26, 1967, abandoned, 712 32 1 9 2 Masomm 102/46 Which is a continuation of SCI. N0. 326,457, 2 96 191 12/1954 Sheehan" 02 4 X abandoned- 7 r A 2,960,032 11/1960 Sahlin 102/46 Palcmed 1971 3,090,310 5/1963 Peet et a1. 102/46 [32] Priority Nov. 29, 1962 l 33 1 Germany Primary Examiner-Robert F. Stahl [31 1 D 40 379 Attorney-Burgess, Dinklage & Sprung ABSTRACT: A primer comprising a body of priming composition composed of a thermal mixture and an initial detonating agent, and a body of booster material composed of thermal mixture substantially free of initial detonating agent. The [54] PRIMER booster material and the priming composition are in direct 2 Claims, 3 Drawing Figs. contact.
2 2 (PRIMER s -I7\(BOOSTER MATERIAL) Yl6iPRIMING COMPOSITION) -l MEANS FOR EFFECTING DETONATION OF THE PRIMING COMPOSITION PATENTEU DUI I 2 I9?! IS'U RIMING COMPOSITION) MEANS FOR EFFECTING DETONATION OF THE PRIMING COMPOSITION .H v i Milli INVENTORS HANS STADLER HEINZ GAWLICK HELLMUT BENDLER 1 ATTORNEYS.
PRIMER This application is a division of application Ser. No. 691,647, filed Dec. 18, 1967, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,499,386, which is a continuation. of Ser. No. 612,049, filed Jan. 26, l967, now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation of Ser. No. 326,457, filed Nov. 27, 1963 abandoned.
For the ignition of powder in gun cartridges, shotgun shells, etc. etc., are used which contain a limited amount of primer composition which suffices to ignite the relatively small amount of powder in these cartridges. The powder is usually smokeless powder, in a charge amounting to between 1 and 8 grams, in which case quantifies of 20 to 40 mg. of priming composition suffice.
Larger cartridges with a caliber of 15 or 20 mm., in which the amount of powder runs as high as about 50 grams, require correspondingly larger amounts of priming composition to ig' nite the powder. Percussion and electrical primers are made for this purpose which contain a charge of up to 200 mg. of priming composition. The handling of these heavily charged primers is not always without danger, and special precautions must be taken in the shipment and in the installation of these primers to prevent unintentional explosions. An amount of 200 mg. of primer composition is, in general, not exceeded for reasons of safety because otherwise it would act as an explosive detonator.
Consequently, in the case of still larger charges, i.e. larger than 50 grams, threaded percussion primers have long been used. These threaded primers have only small percussion caps containing approximately the same amount of priming composition as a gun cartridge primer and in addition contain a charge of black powder. The priming composition serves to ignite the black powder. This black powder, the charge and arrangement of which may vary considerably according to requirements, serves in turn to ignite the smokeless powder.
Herein the term primer is used to designate the thing inserted in a shell or the like, and which receives an initial impulse to effect firing of the shell. The term primer composition" is a composition within the shell responsive to the initial impulse. In addition to the primer composition, the primer may contain a booster charge." ln the case of shells containing a charge in excess of 50 grams, described above, the primer contains a primer composition and in addition a booster charge (which can be black powder), and the primer composition initiates the booster charge and the booster charge in turn initiates the shell charge.
The use of a black powder booster charge is accompanied by the disadvantage of requiring much space, this being due to the relatively small caloric yield developed by black powder. Due to black powders high sensitivity to moisture, special measures must be taken to seal it. It is furthermore necessary to pack the blackpowder loosely, so that it will burn fairly rapidly to achieve the short ignition time required for the shot. It is not possible to concentrate the black powder into a small space by great compression, because this causes it to burn slowly and with a great delay.
Attempts have been made to replace black powder with a brisant smokeless powder. The igniting capacity of this powder, however, is lower than that of black powder, and hence the brisant smokeless powder is not a satisfactory replacement.
All these primers develop relatively a relatively amount of gas, which results in a high pressure in the primer body and also in the cartridge, and hence the bottom of the cartridge is placed under a severe stress, necessitating a special design that provides a very strong wall between the charge and the firing pin or electrode. This is especially disadvantageous in the case of percussion-type threaded primers since it greatly reduces their percussion sensitivity.
In all cartridges in which the expansion of the area of combustion is very rapid, a gas-rich booster charge will drive the smokeless powder propellant out of the cartridge before it can be ignited. This is particularly true of cartridges having naught but light wadding (instead of a projectile), as for example in the case of blank cartridges or cartridges used to propel mortar shells, and cartridges in which the sidewall of the casing is perforated.
The problem thus develops of creating a primer with a booster charge which will work with a relatively small amount of primer composition, ignites very easily, requires little space, and is better as regards gas development than the previously known primers which contain a booster charge.
A common primer composition is made up of an admixture of a thermal material or mixture, and an initial detonating agent. The thermal mixture can be composed of oxygen carrier, oxidizer and reducer; the initial detonating agent can be such as tricinate, tetracene, lead azide or mercury fulminate. Without the initial detonating agent, the thermal mixture reacts but poorly. Consequently (as is known), the content of initial detonating agent cannot be reduced below a certain percentage without risking the loss of the igniting power of the priming composition. Now the surprising discovery has been made that the reactivity of the thermal mixture containing no initial detonating agent is excellent if the reaction is initiated by igniting it with a thermal mixture that does contain an initial detonating agent. This characteristic of the reaction of the explosive-free thermal mixture is utilized according to the invention by providing a booster charge composed of a thermal mixture of oxidizer and reducer, but containing no initial detonating agent. In this manner a rapidly acting primer is obtained which, with a very small amount of initial detonating agent, is capable of igniting even relatively large amounts of smokeless powder.
The invention, however, is especially valuable because the booster charge, on account of its high calorie content, requires substantially less space than prior art charges, and also especially because of the fact that it can be very highly compressed, e.g. up to 1,000 kg. per sq. cm., desirably 500-],000 kg. per sq. cm. A booster charge 2.5 cm. along according to the invention is equivalent to a prior art booster charge approximately 10 cm. long.
The following are particularly good examples of thermal mixtures suitable as the booster charge:
I. 75% barium nitrate 9% lead dioxide 18% calcium silicide 2. 62% barium nitrate 8% lead dioxide 30% aluminum silicidc 3. 65% barium nitrate 7% copper oxide 28% silicon Generally speaking the nitrates of the groups la and lla of the Periodical System of the Elements may be used oxygen carriers. Other nitrates can also be used as oxygen carriers, such as basic lead nitrates. The oxides and dioxides, respectively, as cited above are also oxygen carriers, but their main purpose is to accelerate the reaction of the nitrates. They are oxidizers. Also, instead of lead or copper oxides, manganese and iron oxides; and, as reducer components, instead of aluminum calcium or silicon, zirconium, boron magnesium etc. and their alloys. However, chlorates and perchlorates are to be avoided, since they give the thermal mixture an excessively high reactivity and would thus bring it dangerously close to constituting a detonating composition. Accordingly, the thermal mixture, i.e. the booster, should be free of or the tantially free of chlorates and perchlorates.
A mixture of thermal components and initial detonating agents which would be suitable as the primer composition, is, for example:
3% tetracene [l (5' tctrazolyl)-4- guanyl-tetrazcne-hydratc1 42% tricinate [leadstythnate] 40% barium nitrate 5% lead dioxide 10% calcium silicide The thermal mixture component in the priming composition does not have to be identical to the booster composition, but preferably has the same character.
How effective the new primer is can be seen from the fact that it has been possible to bring 4' grams of booster charge to reaction with a priming composition charge of only 30 mg. within 1 to 3 milliseconds, i.e., in a ratio of 200:1. The upper limit of the ratio of priming composition charge to booster charge can be set at about 1 to 500.
This wide range of sensitivity of the combination of a booster charge containing no detonating agent with a priming composition charge that does, is of especial importance in production for it is no longer necessary to match the two charges to one another in each case; instead, the same priming composition" charge (which contains initial detonating agent) can always be used over a range of weight ratios of primer composition charge to booster charge of about 1:1 to about 1:500 (parts of booster).
Mention has already been made of the possibility of highly compressing the booster charge. This is also very favorable from the mechanical viewpoint, since such compression gives the primer considerable strength in itself, and thus it becomes very insensitive to mechanical stresses, e. g. shock.
Thus, the invention provides a primer comprising a container, a body of priming composition within the container, and a body of booster material within the container. These bodies are in communication with each other for igniting of the booster material in response to detonation of the priming composition. The primer further includes means for effecting the detonation, such as a plate for transmitting impact to the priming composition or for transmitting an electrical igniting impulse thereto. The booster material comprises a thermal mixture which is substantially free of initial detonation agent, and the priming composition consists essentially of a thermal mixture and initial detonation agent. Desirably the thermal mixture of the booster and the thermal mixture of the priming composition consist essentially of the same components.
The invention is further described in reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein:
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are of primers according to the invention; and
FIG. 3 shows a portion of a shell outfitted with a primer according to the invention.
The primer body consists of the shell 1, the threaded collar 2 and the bottom plate 3, which is held tightly against shell 1 by the threaded collar 2. The compressed priming charge 6 is inserted into a recess 4 in the bottom plate 3 in a cup 5, the said priming charge consisting of a thermal mixture and an initial detonating agent. Above the priming charge 6 is the anvil 7 with holes 7a. The booster charge 8, which contains no initial detonating agent, is pressed into the funnel-shaped hole 9 in shell 1, and is covered by a thin lid 10. Between the recess 4 containing the priming charge 6 2-6 the booster charge there is a relatively narrow passage 18 whose diameter is to be expediently between one-half to 4-36 the booster charge chamber 9. The transition from passage 18 to chamber 9 is not abrupt, but passes through a conically flared portion 11 with walls at an angle of about 30 to 60. The ratio of booster charge to priming composition is 500.
7 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 the booster material is contained within a chamber provided in the container, and this chamber has an axially extending portion of relatively large cross-sectional area and an axially extending portion of relatively small cross-sectional area. The axially extending portion of small cross section is disposed to transmit initiation of the booster material from the primer composition to the portion of relatively large cross-sectional area. The diameter of the large portion can be 2-6 times the diameter of the small portion (or the area of the large portion can be about 4-36 times the area of the small portion). The booster material and priming composition can be in direct contact, and, desirably, the diameter of the body of booster material is about 3 times the diameter of the body of priming composition at the locus of direct contact (the cross-sectional area of the booster material about 9 times that of the priming composition).
In the embodiment in FIG. 2, an electrically operated primer is shown. 12 represents the outer shell, 13 a supporting shell, 14 a plug for the one pole of the electrical igniting system including contact 14a, and 15 is an insulator. The priming charge is designated as 16, and the booster charge containing no initial detonating agent is designated as 17. This embodiment differs from the one in FIG. 1, in that the booster charge 17 is pressed directly upon the priming charge 16. However, it is not necessary that both charges have the same diameter when pressed together. The diameter of the booster charge can also be greater than that of the priming charge by as much as a factor of three. The design of FIG. 2 is desirable when it is desired to have the priming flash cover the entire charge chamber.
The arrangement shown in FIG. 2 can furthermore also be used for percussion fuses.
In FIG. 3, a shell 20 containing a charge of smokeless powder 21 is outfitted with a primer 22.
The primer of the invention is well suited for shells having a projectile piece as well as blanks, cartridges for use to propel mortar shells, cartridges with wadding, etc.
While the invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments thereof, these are merely reprcsentative and do not serve to set forth the limits of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. A primer comprising a container, a body of priming composition within the container, a body of booster material within the container, said bodies being in communication with each other for igniting of the booster material in response to detonation of the priming composition, and means for effecting detonation of the priming composition, the booster material comprising a thermal mixture substantially free of initial detonation agent, the priming composition consisting essentially of a thermal mixture and initial detonation agent, the thermal mixtures comprising an oxidizer selected from the group consisting of the oxides of lead, copper, manganese, iron, and a reducer selected from the group consisting of aluminum, calcium, silicon, boron, zirconium, magnesium, the proportion of primer composition to booster material being in the range of about 1:1 to 1:500, the booster material and the priming composition being in direct contact.
2. Primer according to claim 1, the cross-sectional area of the booster material being about times that of the priming composition where the booster material and the priming composition are in direct contact.
E23 4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3 6] 939 Dated Oct. 12 1971 Inventor(s) Hans Stadler et all.
It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Col. 1, line 63 cancel "relatively" (first occurrence) line 63, before "amount" insert -1arge--.
Col. 2 line 45, change "75%" to -4374.".
Col. 3 line 53 change "2-6" to --and chamber line 55 change "4-36" to --one sixth of the diameter of--.
Signed and sealed this 18th day of April 1972.
' (SEAL) Attest:
EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents

Claims (2)

1. A primer comprising a container, a body of priming composition within the container, a body of booster material within the container, said bodies being in communication with each other for igniting of the booster material in response to detonation of the priming composition, and means for effecting detonation of the priming composition, the booster material comprising a thermal mixture substantially free of initial detonation agent, the priming composition consisting essentially of a thermal mixture and initial detonation agent, the thermal mixtures comprising an oxidizer selected from the group consisting of the oxides of lead, copper, manganese, iron, and a reducer seleCted from the group consisting of aluminum, calcium, silicon, boron, zirconium, magnesium, the proportion of primer composition to booster material being in the range of about 1:1 to 1:500, the booster material and the priming composition being in direct contact.
2. Primer according to claim 1, the cross-sectional area of the booster material being about 9 times that of the priming composition where the booster material and the priming composition are in direct contact.
US4960A 1962-11-29 1970-01-22 Primer Expired - Lifetime US3611939A (en)

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DED40379A DE1171321B (en) 1962-11-29 1962-11-29 Ignition screw with amplifier charge
US496070A 1970-01-22 1970-01-22

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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779167A (en) * 1970-01-21 1973-12-18 Olin Corp Electrical initiator
US3911823A (en) * 1973-07-31 1975-10-14 Pains Wessex Ltd Pyrotechnic devices
US4014264A (en) * 1974-09-13 1977-03-29 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Combined igniter cap
US4145969A (en) * 1975-10-02 1979-03-27 Dynamit Nobel Ag Priming system for high-temperature stable propellants
EP0010487A1 (en) * 1978-10-13 1980-04-30 ETAT-FRANCAIS représenté par le Délégué Général pour l' Armement Bridge-wire initiator for propulsive charges
US4711177A (en) * 1986-08-06 1987-12-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Auxiliary booster
US4821646A (en) * 1987-06-29 1989-04-18 Cxa Ltd./Cxa Ltee Delay initiator for blasting
FR2628735A1 (en) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-22 Ncs Pyrotechnie Technologies PERCUSSION PRIMING LOADS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
US5029529A (en) * 1989-09-25 1991-07-09 Olin Corporation Semiconductor bridge (SCB) packaging system
US5113764A (en) * 1989-09-25 1992-05-19 Olin Corporation Semiconductor bridge (SCB) packaging system
US5187319A (en) * 1990-09-20 1993-02-16 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Low vulnerability component of explosive ammunition and process for initiating a charge of low-sensitivity composite explosive
US5228855A (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-07-20 Ffe International Mortar training ammunition device having independently rotatable vent closure rings
US5293821A (en) * 1990-06-22 1994-03-15 Ici Canada Inc. Delay initiator for blasting
US6415718B1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2002-07-09 Lambeth Properties Limited Training cartridge for a self loading gun
US6422149B1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2002-07-23 Lambath Properties Limited Blank training cartridge for a self loading gun
US6564719B2 (en) 1999-08-27 2003-05-20 Lambeth Properties Limited Training cartridge for a self loading gun
US6679960B2 (en) 2001-04-25 2004-01-20 Lockheed Martin Corporation Energy dense explosives
US6964287B1 (en) * 1999-09-17 2005-11-15 Sellier & Bellot, A.S. Non-toxic and non-corrosive ignition mixture
US7546804B1 (en) * 2006-10-10 2009-06-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Artillery charge with laser ignition
US20100282105A1 (en) * 2007-10-23 2010-11-11 Barry Neyer Initiator
US20120227608A1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2012-09-13 Battelle Memorial Institute Electronic detonator system
WO2015130198A1 (en) * 2014-02-26 2015-09-03 Saab Ab Initiating device and method for manufacturing such a device
US20160161237A1 (en) * 2013-08-05 2016-06-09 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Electronic Primer Cap for Small-Caliber Ammunition
RU2597649C1 (en) * 2015-08-20 2016-09-20 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное предприятие "Краснознамёнец" Cap primer

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US520116A (en) * 1894-05-22 William mason
US712826A (en) * 1902-06-09 1902-11-04 Winchester Repeating Arms Co Combined percussion and electric primer.
US2696191A (en) * 1951-10-17 1954-12-07 William E Sheehan Electrically operated primer
US2960032A (en) * 1955-12-13 1960-11-15 Remington Arms Co Inc Electric primer
US3090310A (en) * 1960-05-04 1963-05-21 George W Peet Conductive explosive primer mixture and device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US520116A (en) * 1894-05-22 William mason
US712826A (en) * 1902-06-09 1902-11-04 Winchester Repeating Arms Co Combined percussion and electric primer.
US2696191A (en) * 1951-10-17 1954-12-07 William E Sheehan Electrically operated primer
US2960032A (en) * 1955-12-13 1960-11-15 Remington Arms Co Inc Electric primer
US3090310A (en) * 1960-05-04 1963-05-21 George W Peet Conductive explosive primer mixture and device

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779167A (en) * 1970-01-21 1973-12-18 Olin Corp Electrical initiator
US3911823A (en) * 1973-07-31 1975-10-14 Pains Wessex Ltd Pyrotechnic devices
US4014264A (en) * 1974-09-13 1977-03-29 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Combined igniter cap
US4145969A (en) * 1975-10-02 1979-03-27 Dynamit Nobel Ag Priming system for high-temperature stable propellants
EP0010487A1 (en) * 1978-10-13 1980-04-30 ETAT-FRANCAIS représenté par le Délégué Général pour l' Armement Bridge-wire initiator for propulsive charges
FR2438821A1 (en) * 1978-10-13 1980-05-09 France Etat SAFETY HOT WIRE IGNITION DEVICE
US4711177A (en) * 1986-08-06 1987-12-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Auxiliary booster
US4821646A (en) * 1987-06-29 1989-04-18 Cxa Ltd./Cxa Ltee Delay initiator for blasting
FR2628735A1 (en) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-22 Ncs Pyrotechnie Technologies PERCUSSION PRIMING LOADS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
EP0334725A1 (en) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-27 Ncs Pyrotechnie Et Technologies Primer charges and method of manufacture thereof
US5029529A (en) * 1989-09-25 1991-07-09 Olin Corporation Semiconductor bridge (SCB) packaging system
US5113764A (en) * 1989-09-25 1992-05-19 Olin Corporation Semiconductor bridge (SCB) packaging system
US5293821A (en) * 1990-06-22 1994-03-15 Ici Canada Inc. Delay initiator for blasting
US5187319A (en) * 1990-09-20 1993-02-16 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Low vulnerability component of explosive ammunition and process for initiating a charge of low-sensitivity composite explosive
US5228855A (en) * 1992-03-31 1993-07-20 Ffe International Mortar training ammunition device having independently rotatable vent closure rings
US6422149B1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2002-07-23 Lambath Properties Limited Blank training cartridge for a self loading gun
US6415718B1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2002-07-09 Lambeth Properties Limited Training cartridge for a self loading gun
US6564719B2 (en) 1999-08-27 2003-05-20 Lambeth Properties Limited Training cartridge for a self loading gun
US6964287B1 (en) * 1999-09-17 2005-11-15 Sellier & Bellot, A.S. Non-toxic and non-corrosive ignition mixture
US6679960B2 (en) 2001-04-25 2004-01-20 Lockheed Martin Corporation Energy dense explosives
US7546804B1 (en) * 2006-10-10 2009-06-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Artillery charge with laser ignition
US9534875B2 (en) * 2007-10-23 2017-01-03 Excelitas Technologies Corp. Initiator
US20100282105A1 (en) * 2007-10-23 2010-11-11 Barry Neyer Initiator
US10161725B1 (en) 2007-10-23 2018-12-25 Excelitas Technologies Corp. Initiator
US20120227608A1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2012-09-13 Battelle Memorial Institute Electronic detonator system
US8468944B2 (en) * 2008-10-24 2013-06-25 Battelle Memorial Institute Electronic detonator system
US8746144B2 (en) * 2008-10-24 2014-06-10 Battelle Memorial Institute Electronic detonator system
US20160161237A1 (en) * 2013-08-05 2016-06-09 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Electronic Primer Cap for Small-Caliber Ammunition
US10415944B2 (en) * 2013-08-05 2019-09-17 Ruag Ammotec Gmbh Electronic primer cap for small-caliber ammunition
WO2015130198A1 (en) * 2014-02-26 2015-09-03 Saab Ab Initiating device and method for manufacturing such a device
EP3111160A4 (en) * 2014-02-26 2017-10-11 Saab Ab Initiating device and method for manufacturing such a device
US10024642B2 (en) 2014-02-26 2018-07-17 Saab Ab Initiating device and method for manufacturing such a device
RU2597649C1 (en) * 2015-08-20 2016-09-20 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное предприятие "Краснознамёнец" Cap primer

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