US3625809A - Filament blend products - Google Patents
Filament blend products Download PDFInfo
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- US3625809A US3625809A US3625809DA US3625809A US 3625809 A US3625809 A US 3625809A US 3625809D A US3625809D A US 3625809DA US 3625809 A US3625809 A US 3625809A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- glass
- organic
- stretch
- filament
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/447—Yarns or threads for specific use in general industrial applications, e.g. as filters or reinforcement
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/16—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances
- D02G3/18—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like
- D02G3/182—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like the glass being present only in part of the structure
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/38—Threads in which fibres, filaments, or yarns are wound with other yarns or filaments, e.g. wrap yarns, i.e. strands of filaments or staple fibres are wrapped by a helically wound binder yarn
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C27/06—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement by means of parts of rubber or like materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G1/00—Driving-belts
- F16G1/04—Driving-belts made of fibrous material, e.g. textiles, whether rubber-covered or not
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G1/00—Driving-belts
- F16G1/06—Driving-belts made of rubber
- F16G1/08—Driving-belts made of rubber with reinforcement bonded by the rubber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G5/00—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section
- F16G5/04—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section made of rubber
- F16G5/06—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section made of rubber with reinforcement bonded by the rubber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
- Y10S57/902—Reinforcing or tire cords
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249922—Embodying intertwined or helical component[s]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/268—Monolayer with structurally defined element
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/298—Physical dimension
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2369—Coating or impregnation improves elasticity, bendability, resiliency, flexibility, or shape retention of the fabric
- Y10T442/2377—Improves elasticity
Definitions
- both filaments will be loaded to just below the yield point at the same maximum tensile force.
- the combination yarn will break at a load that is approximately equal to the combined breaking strengths of the glass and organic filaments.
- Organic filaments have substantial stretchability and if not loaded or stretched beyond the yield point can be repeatedly stretched and recovered to their original lengths without permanent deformation. However, if stretched beyond the yield point, these filaments will be deformed, either by permanent elongation, or by breaking.
- Glass filaments on the other hand have a very high break strength; much greater than any organic filament. However, glass filaments have very little stretch; practically none.
- a further object is to provide yarns made of continuous glass and continuous organic filaments, which yarns have unique and different characteristics from yarns made of the individual materials.
- a still further object is to provide woven cloths having unique stretch characteristics and moduli of elasticity.
- FIG. I is a schematic elevational view of a relatively inextensible glass filament overwrapped on a substantially extensible organic filament, providing a composite yarn of engineered modulus;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of partial tensile loading applied to the structure of FIG. 1; to cause the organic filament to stretch and the glass filament to straighten out;
- FIG. 3 is a slightly exaggerated schematic view of the structure of FIG. I fully loaded, with the glass filament generally straightened out and the organic filament forced to the outside in the nature of a helical overwrap;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of a woven cloth made by the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of a reinforced rubber V- belt made according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective sectional view taken along the line 66 of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view, partly in section, of a reinforced rubber hose made according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of a second woven cloth made by the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a side elevational view of a reinforced rubber flat belt made with the cloth reinforcement of FIG. 8;
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 10-10 of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 11 is a fragmentary elevational view, greatly enlarged, of a shock-absorbing, compression-type composite yam made according to the invention.
- FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating the action of a second shockabsorbing composite yarn made according to the invention, and illustrated in FIG. I3;
- FIG. 13 is a schematic plan illustration of a second type of shock-absorbing yam made by the invention.
- the present invention encompasses continuous filament yarns containing engineered blends of at least one kind of organic filament having a substantial amount of stretch, but relatively low tensile strength on a p.s.i. basis; and continuous glass filaments having very high tensile strength on p.s.i. basis, but relatively low stretch.
- the invention encompasses unique cloths woven from these yarns, and several practical structures made therefrom.
- glass filaments of very fine diameter can be used.
- Commercially produced continuous filaments of this type have an average diameter of about 0.00014 inch and in said average include filaments of a diameter in the range from about 0.00018 inch down to about 0.00008 inch.
- coarse fibers can be used for some applications.
- Denier is the designation of a unit expressing the fineness of silk, rayon, nylon or other yarns in terms of weight in grams per 9.000 meters of length; I00 denier yarn is finer than I50 denier yarn.
- the glass filament is one sixth the denier of the common organic filament. However, since glass has a much higher density than the organic material, the fineness of the glass filament is even greater than that indicated by the denier comparisons. In actual area of cross section for example, the glass filament would be nine times less than that of nylon, polyester or viscose, etc.
- Durability of glass filaments is related to the tendency of an individual filament to break when subjected to a very sharp bend under conditions of use. It is known that the radius of bend at rupture of glass filament is directly proportional to the diameter of the filament; that is, the smaller the diameter the smaller the radius to which it can be bent before breaking. Thus of two filaments, one being one-half the diameter of the other, the smaller filament can be bent twice as sharply without rupturing.
- the fine diameters of these glass filaments and the resistance to fracture are utilized in the present invention by intertwisting the filaments around organic filaments whereby in use the glass filaments withstand flexing, but without breaking.
- a further important characteristic of these fine glass filaments is the new magnitude of pliability or softness. They readily conform to surfaces of irregular contour and shape, and thus conform readily to the surfaces of other fibers with which they are blended. Thus the small diameter glass filaments as contemplated herein, readily blend with other filaments without breaking, thereby displaying processability and blendability that distinguishes them from brashy and coarser glass filaments. These finer filaments in fact have such pliability that they actually display gripping tenacity for other filaments.
- the small glass filaments as contemplated herein readily intertwist with other filaments without breaking, thereby displaying very good processability and blendability that distinguishes them from substantially coarser and more brashy glass filaments.
- the glass filaments can be made from any suitable glass. As a general rule, they are presently being made from high-modulus glass compositions that are relatively low in alkali content.
- FIGS. 1, 2 AND 3 Filaments of relatively stretchable material, and in particular filaments of organic resins such as rayon, nylon, Dacron, (registered trademark for synthetic fiber made by the condensation of dimethyl terphthalate and ethylene glycol), polyesters, polypropylene and polyamides can be combined with glass filaments in such a way that the glass filaments have a slightly larger length dimension than the organic filaments.
- Cotton can be used also.
- the glass filaments assume an overwrap configuration on the shorter length organic filaments. This is shown in FIG. 1.
- the organic filament will assume a generally straight or straighter condition than the longer glass filament 22.
- the longer glass filament 22 has a tendency to twist around the shorter organic filament 20, due to the high degree of pliability of the glass.
- glass filaments of the diameter contemplated by this invention are five to 14 times more pliable than organic filaments.
- the combination yarn is substantially fully loaded. With proper length selection, both filaments 20 and 22 will be loaded to just below the yield point at the stage in FIG. 3. Any further loading will result in simultaneous breakage of both the glass and organic filaments. Utilizing this embodiment, the combination yarn breaks at a load that is approximately the same as the combined breaking strengths of the glass and the organic filaments.
- the organic can be made to yield, fully break or stretch a limited amount before the glass takes over.
- An important point is that the organic along can have an elongation of percent (actual for polypropylene) and the composite can have an elongation of only l4 percent, being reduced by the presence of the glass. This is brought about by the fact that the glass has an elongation of only about 3 percent (substantially 2.6 percent).
- the amount of overfeed of the glass By selecting the amount of overfeed of the glass, the amount of elongation of the composite can be established between the lower. limit of the glass and the upper limit of the organic, providing substantial versatility to the invention.
- the point here is that by selecting an organic filament with the proper extensibility, and by selecting the relative rate of overfeed of the substantially inextensible glass filament, a combination yarn can be engineered to give any desired elongation characteristic.
- the combination yarn can start from a more balanced structure, containing substantially equal lengths of organic and glass filaments as shown in FIG. 2, to utilize the stress transfer principle to a lesser extent. Accordingly, the stress transfer principle can be designed into the combination to any desired degree over an appreciable range between full stress on the stretchable organic filament to full stress on the glass filament.
- composite yarn can be effected as by twisting glass filaments and organic filaments together first and then plying these into a yarn.
- two strands of glass filaments for example, can be twisted with one organic filament, while only one of the two glass filaments is made slightly longer than the organic.
- FIG. 4 there is shown a cloth 26 made according to the present invention.
- the warp (lengthwise) yarns 28 have an exemplary stretch of IO percent, as by a combination of glass and nylon, with the glass appropriately overfed on the nylon.
- the filling (crosswise) yarns 30 have an exemplary stretch of about 3 percent. Thus they are made simple of glass filaments to illustrate the limits of the invention.
- the warp yarns will elongate when stress is applied in the arrow direction 32, e.g. longitudinally of the cloth 26. Substantially no stress will be encountered however along the arrow line 34, e.g. transversely of the cloth 26.
- the central ply 38 has an exemplary stretch of 5 percent. Dacron having a maximum stretch of about 15 percent and glass filaments could be used to make the warp yarn 40. Again there is no need of stretch in the filling yarns 30, and accordingly the filling yarns can be all glass filaments; these have a maximum stretch of about 3 percent.
- the inner ply 42 will for exemplary purposes be of lowest elongation. This is relied upon to preserve the loop length 44, FIG. 5, of the belt 35. Thus in the inner ply 42 both the warp yarns 46 and the filling yarns 30 are of glass.
- the comparative degrees of stretch provided in the belt 35 are illustrated schematically in FIG. 5.
- the greater magnitude arrow 48 represents the longest stretch of the outer ply 36, FIG. 6; and is proportionally longer than the lesser magnitude arrow 50 representing the lesser stretch of the inner ply 42.
- the plane of least stretch that is the bottom ply, would be expected to be the reference plane for stretch of the overall belt loop construction. This can be a low degree of stretch or can be maintained the same as the glass filaments per se, as described for the warp threads 46 and the filling yarns 30 of ply 42.
- Belts embodying these principles of the invention should display greater durability in compressor drive applications where shock forces are encountered as the compressor piston pulsates through stages of maximum and minimum compression.
- High-pressure hoses are inherently stiff due to the many plys of reinforcement cloth utilized in their construction. Bending at a sharp radius, in the absence of pliability, is highly damaging to these constructions. By utilizing the principles of the present invention, greater bendability can be provided.
- a fabric in the nature of that illustrated in FIG. 4 would be used to fabricate the outer reinforcement layer 52.
- the warp yarns 28 (longitudinal) would be oriented axially of the hose form 54 and would have a relatively greater degree of stretch than those of the inner reinforcement ply 56.
- the amount of stretch in the outer reinforcement ply 52 is indicated by the comparatively greater length of the arrow 58.
- the comparatively shorter length of the stretch arrow 60 at the bend area of FIG. 7 indicates the need for lesser longitudinal stretch of the inner ply. This is appropriately provided by the all glass filaments or by a higher proportion of glass filament in the warp yarns 46 of the inner ply 56.
- the filling yarns are as described above, for minimum stretch.
- the longitudinal resilience imparted by the longitudinal stretchability of the hose will counteract the thumping or pulsating action of a compressor. Wear resistance will thereby by substantially increased over the stiff structures of the prior art.
- the central warp strand 62 has an exemplary stretch of IO percent.
- This can be made of composite yarns of nylon filaments having about 20 percent stretch per se and glass filaments having about 3 percent stretch per se. By appropriate overfeed of the glass on the nylon, a percent stretch for the combination can be arrived at.
- the intermediate warp strands 64 are shown as having an exemplary stretch of 5 percent. These could be fabricated of a combination of glass filaments and Dacron. Dacron per se has an elongation of about percent and the elongation of about 3 percent of the glass is effective to reduce the composite to about 7 percent with an appropriate overfeed of the glass on the Dacron filaments.
- the outer warp strands 66 are shown as having an exemplary stretch of 3 percent. These can be made completely of glass filaments with about 3 percent stretch per se.
- the filling yarns 68 are shown as having an exemplary stretch of 5 percent. These can suitably be made of glass filaments and Dacron filaments in blended combination.
- FIGS 9 AND 10 A flat belt 70 as exemplified in these figures in ordinarily used with a crowned pulley 72 having a profile of the nature illustrated in FIG. M.
- the center of the crown 74 is of greater diameter than the edges 76. Accordingly, the center of the belt 70 requires greater stretch than the outer edges for appropriate lap on the pulley 72. This is provided in accordance with the present invention.
- the central warp strands 62 and 64 permit the central portion to elongate over the large diameter of the center of the crown 74.
- the outer warp yarns 66 have a lesser degree of stretch than the central yarns 62 and 64. This selected zone longitudinal stretchability of the belt 70 causes it to ride the center of the crown 74 in an improved fashion without placing undue wearing stretch on the central warp threads 62 as compared to the lack of comparative stretch in constructions of the prior art.
- the outer warp strands 66 being of less stretchability
- the filling strands 68 in FIG. 8 have been illustrated as having an exemplary stretch of 5 percent. This helps the belt of FIG. I0 to flex more easily transversely as it rides over the pulleys 72 in reverse curved fashion.
- belts made by this invention can absorb shock forces more readily as in compressor applications.
- FIGS. 9 and I0 a cloth of variable, selected directional zone stretch is provided in accordance with FIG. 8 and a practical application of the same, though not limiting upon the invention, is shown in FIGS. 9 and I0.
- the inextensibility of the glass filaments is converted into a compressing action against a resilient core of bulky filaments.
- the central core 78 is suitably made up of a plurality of bulky filaments 80, such as rayon. These can be oriented parallel to one another as illustrated in FIG. 11; or they can be provided in the form of twisted and plied strands, thereby providing a balanced yarn core.
- opposed glass overwrap filaments or yarns 82 are provided. These can take the form of parallel multifilament strands compressingly encasing the core 78; or they can comprise twisted and plied filament strand yarns compressingly encasing the core.
- the purpose of the opposed orientation of the overwraps 82 is to provide compression against the core 78 when the composite unit is subjected to tensile forces. It was stated relative to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 that under applied tensile force, the organic fibers will elongate. Further, the overfeed of glass filaments will straighten out from the helical static overfed condition of the composite. When applied to the structure of FIG. 11, the glass strands 82, by being opposed and balanced against one another, will compress the resilient and bulky filaments of the core, against one another in a compression spring type of action.
- the compression unit of this embodiment of the invention has extended durability because the cushioning and buffering effect of the elastic organic filaments combats abrasion and facilitates alignment of the glass filaments under tensile forces.
- FIGS. 12 AND 13 In this embodiment of the invention, two organic filaments of different stretch characteristics are combined with glass filaments, the latter having very limited stretch characteristics.
- This embodiment can be made in several ways: Thus, (I) strands of glass filaments and stretchable organic filaments can be twisted first; and then plied into a composite yarn; (2) combinations of the two types of filaments, grouped into a single strand can be twisted; and (3) two strands of one material such as nylon (organic) and one strand of glass filament with only the glass made slightly longer than the other two strands can be twisted together.
- the structure of FIG. 13 could comprise a relatively extensible core yarn 84, as of polypropylene fibers. These have an exemplary stretch of about 30 percent.
- the core yarn 84 is overwrapped to a first degree with organic filaments 86 of lesser stretch.
- Exemplary filaments would be nylon having a stretch per se of about 20 percent.
- the outer overwrap yarn 88 comprises glass filaments either per se or in combination with an organic to provide a selected, lesser stretch. This outer wrap 88 is applied at a greater rate of overfeed than the first degree overwrap 86 or at a third degree of overwrap.
- the organic fibers that have been used in accordance with the present invention as core yarns including cotton, rayon, nylon, polyester, polypropylene and Nomex (polyamide) have different characteristics. Their dimensional stability is of substantially lesser magnitude than glass. None is fully resilient. The wide differences between glass and organic fiber properties have been utilized to produce unexpected results in this invention. Thus the glass fibers provide stability and strength to the composite structures. The organics provide necessary bulk and cushioning power. These permit utilization of a higher percentage of the glass filament properties.
- the geometry of the combination yarns provides the necessary false modulus to glass yarns. This is an important factor in the glass organic combinations. Thus the geometry of the helical wind effectively reduces the elastic stiffness of the glass. A false modulus is built into the glass just as the coil spring inparts a false modulus to steel.
- polypropylene can enter for the first time markets where its extremely high elongation has kept it out.
- fabrics can be made which are calculated exactingly for the desired stretchability in one or more directions, Fabrics can thus be used as tire cord materials m a tire WlllCh is engineered mathematically for exacting requirements in the dynamics of its operation.
- organic filaments can be made of elastomeric material; and can be of staple length as well as continuous.
- a relatively more extensible filament intertwisted with a relatively lesser extensible filament is to be encompassed.
- a continuous composite yarn structure comprising:
- a core made up of a plurality of continuous filaments gathered into a coherent strand, said core filaments being composed of a stretchable organic material
- organic filaments are selected from the group consisting of cotton, nylon, rayon, polyester and polypropylene.
- a reinforced article having a principal axial dimension comprising:
- said cloth having yarns oriented in the direction of the axial dimension of the article and yarns oriented transversely to the axial dimension of the article,
- said yarns oriented in the direction of the axial dimension comprising the yarn structure of claim 1.
- the invention of claim 5 wherein the glass filaments have a diameter not exceeding about 0.00015 inch, with the glass filaments having greater static length than the organic filaments.
- the reinforced article of claim 5 wherein the organic filaments are selected from the group consisting of cotton, nylon, rayon, polyester and polypropylene.
- organic filaments are selected from the group consisting of cotton, nylon, rayon, polyester and polypropylene.
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
- 2. The composite yarn structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glass filaments are of a diameter not exceeding about 0.00015 inch.
- 3. The composite yarn structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic filaments are selected from the group consisting of cotton, nylon, rayon, polyester and polypropylene.
- 4. The composite yarn structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the glass filaments are of a diameter not exceeding about 0.00015 inch.
- 5. A reinforced article having a principal axial dimension comprising: a matrix of elastomeric rubberlike material and at least one layer of reinforcement cloth embedded interiorly within said matrix and bonded thereto, said cloth having yarns oriented in the direction of the axial dimension of the article and yarns oriented transversely to the axial dimension of the article, said yarns oriented in the direction of the axial dimension comprising the yarn structure of claim 1.
- 6. The invention of claim 5, wherein the glass filaments have a diameter not exceeding about 0.00015 inch, with the glass filaments having greater static length than the organic filaments.
- 7. The reinforced article of claim 5 wherein the organic filaments are selected from the group consisting of cotton, nylon, rayon, polyester and polypropylene.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US1472770A | 1970-02-24 | 1970-02-24 |
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US3625809A true US3625809A (en) | 1971-12-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
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US3625809D Expired - Lifetime US3625809A (en) | 1970-02-24 | 1970-02-24 | Filament blend products |
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Cited By (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3716982A (en) * | 1969-11-17 | 1973-02-20 | T Morohashi | Extra coarse-laid wire rope for reinforced concrete |
US3991550A (en) * | 1975-04-11 | 1976-11-16 | Cohen Steven H | Stabilizing lines or cables |
US4079165A (en) * | 1969-09-06 | 1978-03-14 | National Research Development Corporation | Composite materials |
US4265981A (en) * | 1977-05-17 | 1981-05-05 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization | Impact-resisting composites |
FR2488626A1 (en) * | 1980-08-12 | 1982-02-19 | Trefilarbed Sa | ONE-TORON METAL CABLE FOR ARMING ELASTOMERIC PRODUCTS |
FR2497239A1 (en) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-07-02 | Valeo | YARNS AND OTHER GLASS FIBER PRODUCTS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
US4343343A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1982-08-10 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Elongatable reinforcement cord for an elastomeric article |
FR2503305A1 (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1982-10-08 | Caoutchouc Manuf Plastique | Trapezoidal section power transmission belting - braced against transverse compression, incorporating transverse filaments and oriented fibrous killers |
EP0109990A1 (en) * | 1982-11-25 | 1984-06-13 | Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. | V-belt structure |
US4530206A (en) * | 1982-09-02 | 1985-07-23 | Societe Anonyme D'explosifs Et De Produits Chimiques & Max Siguier | Strings for tennis rackets and rackets equipped with same |
US4563869A (en) * | 1982-05-17 | 1986-01-14 | American Manufacturing Company, Inc. | Rope with reduced lash-back construction |
US4750324A (en) * | 1987-01-23 | 1988-06-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Elastic composite yarns from brittle ceramic yarns |
US4800113A (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1989-01-24 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic articles and process for the preparation thereof |
FR2628679A1 (en) * | 1988-03-18 | 1989-09-22 | Ziboroff Paul | Making elastic reinforcements for elastic binder - by folding them to form multi-directional accordion pleats |
US5212901A (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1993-05-25 | Bishop Robert C | Shock absorbing fishing device |
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US6250193B1 (en) | 1996-12-02 | 2001-06-26 | A & P Technology, Inc. | Braided structure with elastic bias strands |
US20030129399A1 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2003-07-10 | Fidan Mehmet Sadettin | Wrapped cord |
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US20060070341A1 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-04-06 | Paul Schmidt | Unitized fibrous constructs having functional circumferential retaining elements |
US20060147694A1 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2006-07-06 | Paul Schmidt | Unitized filamentary concrete reinforcement having circumferential binding element |
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US20060258911A1 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2006-11-16 | Pentax Corporation | Tightening string for an endoscope, outer cover securing method, flexible tube for an endoscope, and an endoscope |
US20060281382A1 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2006-12-14 | Eleni Karayianni | Surface functional electro-textile with functionality modulation capability, methods for making the same, and applications incorporating the same |
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US20070031667A1 (en) * | 2003-03-29 | 2007-02-08 | Dow Corning Limited (Gb) | Composite materials and structures |
US20070042179A1 (en) * | 2005-08-16 | 2007-02-22 | Eleni Karayianni | Energy active composite yarn, methods for making the same, and articles incorporating the same |
US20070169458A1 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-07-26 | Teijin Twaron, B.V. | Cord |
US20090071196A1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2009-03-19 | Textronics, Inc. | Elastic composite yarn, methods for making the same, and articles incorporating the same |
US20090139601A1 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2009-06-04 | Textronics, Inc. | Functional elastic composite yarn, methods for making the same and articles incorporating the same |
US20090145533A1 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2009-06-11 | Textronics Inc. | Electrically conductive elastic composite yarn, methods for making the same, and articles incorporating the same |
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US4079165A (en) * | 1969-09-06 | 1978-03-14 | National Research Development Corporation | Composite materials |
US3716982A (en) * | 1969-11-17 | 1973-02-20 | T Morohashi | Extra coarse-laid wire rope for reinforced concrete |
US3991550A (en) * | 1975-04-11 | 1976-11-16 | Cohen Steven H | Stabilizing lines or cables |
US4265981A (en) * | 1977-05-17 | 1981-05-05 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization | Impact-resisting composites |
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US4343343A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1982-08-10 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Elongatable reinforcement cord for an elastomeric article |
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US4563869A (en) * | 1982-05-17 | 1986-01-14 | American Manufacturing Company, Inc. | Rope with reduced lash-back construction |
US4530206A (en) * | 1982-09-02 | 1985-07-23 | Societe Anonyme D'explosifs Et De Produits Chimiques & Max Siguier | Strings for tennis rackets and rackets equipped with same |
EP0109990A1 (en) * | 1982-11-25 | 1984-06-13 | Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd. | V-belt structure |
US4800113A (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1989-01-24 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic articles and process for the preparation thereof |
US4925729A (en) * | 1984-11-19 | 1990-05-15 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Fiber reinforced thermoplastic articles and process for the preparation thereof |
US4750324A (en) * | 1987-01-23 | 1988-06-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Elastic composite yarns from brittle ceramic yarns |
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US5419949A (en) * | 1988-07-13 | 1995-05-30 | Yabelmetall Electro Gmbh | Heat recoverable product |
US5249414A (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1993-10-05 | Nissinbo Industries, Inc. | Yarn for use in set up |
US5464684A (en) * | 1991-11-14 | 1995-11-07 | Cytec Technology Corp. | Hybrid yarn comprising a core of intermixed polyamide filaments and reinforcing rilaments wherein the core is wrapped by a polyamide fiber |
US5212901A (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1993-05-25 | Bishop Robert C | Shock absorbing fishing device |
US6250193B1 (en) | 1996-12-02 | 2001-06-26 | A & P Technology, Inc. | Braided structure with elastic bias strands |
US6148865A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 2000-11-21 | A & P Technology, Inc. | Braided sleeve, tubular article and method of manufacturing the tubular article |
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US20030129399A1 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2003-07-10 | Fidan Mehmet Sadettin | Wrapped cord |
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US8916262B2 (en) * | 2003-03-29 | 2014-12-23 | Dow Corning Corporation | Composite materials and structures |
US20090239049A1 (en) * | 2003-03-29 | 2009-09-24 | Dow Corning Limited | Composite materials and structures |
US20070031667A1 (en) * | 2003-03-29 | 2007-02-08 | Dow Corning Limited (Gb) | Composite materials and structures |
US7926254B2 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2011-04-19 | Textronics, Inc. | Electrically conductive elastic composite yarn, methods for making the same, and articles incorporating the same |
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US20060147694A1 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2006-07-06 | Paul Schmidt | Unitized filamentary concrete reinforcement having circumferential binding element |
US7452418B2 (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2008-11-18 | Polymer Group, Inc. | Unitized filamentary concrete reinforcement having circumferential binding element |
US20050013981A1 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2005-01-20 | Polymer Group, Inc. | Unitized structural reinforcement construct |
US20060070341A1 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-04-06 | Paul Schmidt | Unitized fibrous constructs having functional circumferential retaining elements |
US7946102B2 (en) | 2004-11-15 | 2011-05-24 | Textronics, Inc. | Functional elastic composite yarn, methods for making the same and articles incorporating the same |
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US20060281382A1 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2006-12-14 | Eleni Karayianni | Surface functional electro-textile with functionality modulation capability, methods for making the same, and applications incorporating the same |
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US20070169458A1 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-07-26 | Teijin Twaron, B.V. | Cord |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WADE, WILLIAM, J., DELAWARE Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004652/0351 Effective date: 19861103 Owner name: WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, DELAWARE Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004652/0351 Effective date: 19861103 Owner name: WADE, WILLIAM, J., ONE RODNEY SQUARE NORTH, WILMIN Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004652/0351 Effective date: 19861103 Owner name: WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, ONE RODNEY SQUARE NORTH, Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004652/0351 Effective date: 19861103 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE Free format text: TERMINATION OF SECURITY AGREEMENT RECORDED NOV. 13, 1986. REEL 4652 FRAMES 351-420;ASSIGNORS:WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, A DE. BANKING CORPORATION;WADE, WILLIAM J. (TRUSTEES);REEL/FRAME:004903/0501 Effective date: 19870730 Owner name: OWENS-CORNING FIBERGLAS CORPORATION, FIBERGLAS TOW Free format text: TERMINATION OF SECURITY AGREEMENT RECORDED NOV. 13, 1986. REEL 4652 FRAMES 351-420;ASSIGNORS:WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, A DE. BANKING CORPORATION;WADE, WILLIAM J. (TRUSTEES);REEL/FRAME:004903/0501 Effective date: 19870730 |