US3679347A - Dyeing human hair with a peroxy compound and a reactive dyestuff - Google Patents

Abstract

A PROCESS FOR DYEING HUMAN HAIR INCLUDING THE STEPS OF (A) OXIDISING THE HAIR WITH A PEROXY ACID OR A SALT THEREOF, SUCH AS THE POTASSIUM TRIPLE SALT OF CARO''S ACID, AND (B) SUBSEQUENTLY REACTING THE OXIDISED HAIR WITH ONE OR MORE REACTIVE DYES, FOR EXAMPLE A DYE CONTAINING A VINYL SULPHONE PRECURSOR, OR A MONO- OR DI-CHLOROTRIAZINE GROUP.

Description

' 3,679,347 DYEING HUMAN HAIR WITH A PEROXY COM- POUND ANDQA REACTIVE DYESTUFF' Frederick G. Brown, Cottingham, England, assignor to Lever Brothers Company, New York, N .Y.

I N Drawing. Continuation-impart of application Ser. No.

' 521,797, Jan. 20, 1966. This application Ian. 26, 1970,

Ser. No. 8,010 .1 p

Claims priority, application Great Britain, Ian. 25, 1965, 3 222/65 Int. 01. A611: 7/12 US. Cl. 810.1 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A process for dyeing human hair including the steps of (a) oxidising the hair with a peroxy acid-or a salt thereof, such as the potassium triple salt of Caros acid,

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED. APPLICATIONS This is a continuation-in-part of my application Ser. No. 521,797, filed Jan. 20, 1966, for the dyeing of human hair, which application is now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (1) Field of the invention United States PatentOflice This invention relates to the dyeing of human hair,

especially living hair on the head and more particularly to new and improved methods for dyeing the same. The invention falls within Class 8 of the patent classification.

(2) Description of the prior art French Patent No. 1,333,995 describes a process for dyeing animal hair comprising treatment of the hair with a peroxy compound, subsequently treating it with a solution of a reducing agent and finally applying a reactive dyestufi. The patent is mainly concerned with the dyeing of textiles such as wool and states that if even dyeing is to be obtained the reduction, normally undertaken with sulphur compounds, is obligatory.

A disadvantage of the above process applied'to human hair would be that it would involve three operations in the hairdressers salon or in the home and that the consumer would come into contact with somewhat unpleasant reducing agents. 7

(3) Brief summary of the invention It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above difl'iculties and to provide a dyeing process which latented July 25, 1972 such as sodium, potassium, lithium and cesium .salts thereof; and subsequently treating the hair with an aqueous solution of a reactive dye to colour the hair.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Especially suitable as the peroxy compound is the potassium triple salt 2KHSO .KHSO .K S0

Alkaline salts may be mixed with the peroxy compounds. Preferred salts are alkali metal carbonates and phosphates, such as potassium carbonate and sodium phosphate. Soaps may also be used. The pH of solutions or dispersions of the peroxy compound while not being critical is desirably not less than 3 or greater than 10.

The concentration of the peroxy compound in the solution or dispersion applied to the hair is not critical and the use of quite small amounts of the above peroxy compounds will enable a greater dyeing effect to be obtained when the hair is treated with the solution of the reactive dye. The optimum concentration will depend on the particular peroxy compound used but will usually be in the range 0.5 to 10%.

The peroxy compounds used in the process of the invention do not bleach hair.

By a reactive dye is meant herein a dye containing a reactive halogen atom or other reactive group, that is to say a halogen atom or other group capable of forming covalent bonds with the hair, or a dye which forms such a group in situ. Examples of classes of such reactive dyes are dyes containing a monoor di-chloro or bromo 1,3,5- triazinyl group, monoor di-chloro or bromo-pyrimidyl group, beta-halogen-propionyl group, beta-halogenoethylsulphonyl group, beta-halogenoethylsulphamyl group, chloroacetyl amino, beta-(ohloromethyl)-beta-sulphatoethylsulphamyl group, or a vinyl sulphonyl group.

In the case of the dyes containing a triazinyl group or a pyrimidyl group, in place of the reactive halogen atoms one can use other groups which dissociate in the presence of alkali; examples of such other groups are the sulphonic acid, thiocyanate, sulphophenoxy, sulphopenyl thio, nitrosulphophenoxy groups, and quaternary ammonium groups.

The dyestuffs in these classes may be for example of the nitro-, azo, anthraquinone or phthalocyanine series and may contain free metal or metal in complex formation.

Mixtures of dyes may be used.

Examples of reactive dyes which may be employed in the invention are illustrated below, where possible by reference to structure, trade name and designation in the Colour Index (2nd edition) Supplement (1963) and the Additions and Amendments thereto, published by The Society of Dyers and Colourists, Dean House, Piccadilly,

Bradford, Yorkshire, England and incorporated herein by reference.

Some of these dyes, and others besides, are referred to in US. Pat. Nos. 3,336,097 and 3,396,736 and in an article in the Collection of Czechoslavakian Chemical Communications, vol. 27, 1962, pp. 268-275 which is also incorporated herein by reference. The names Remazol, Remazolan, Procion, Cibacron, Drimarene and Reactone are trade names.

Clbacron Turquoise Blue G 01. Reactive Blue 7 Procion Turquoise HG =(S 03H) 3 Copper Pht;lralocyanlne s,(ENE sloifl L NH- N NR1 Rernazol Brilliant Blue R (ll. Reactive Blue l9 SOpCHmCH SOsH Oibacron Violet 2R C.I. Reactive Violet 2 Procion Violet H2R N OCu o NH \r T N=N- R R=Ph0, NH; I (mixture) H 03S H 035 s 03H Remazol Red Violet R 0.1. Reactive Violet 4 0*?11 (I) IIIHCQCH; Q HO:S.CHCH:.SOZ K035 SO3K Cibacron Brown 3GB Procion Orange Brown HG 0.1. Reactive Brown 1 HW aMQ N=N.@ NH H@ .O...

Cibacron Black BG 0.1. Reactive Black 1 Procion Black HG son:

The concentration of the dye in the dye solution is not critical. For most purposes a concentration of about 0.1% will be used and it will not usually be necessary to exceed a concentration of 10%.

It will usually be necessary to make the solution of the reactive dye alkaline. This is conveniently achieved by including alkali metal carbonates or other alkaline salts in the solution.

Solutions of the peroxygen compound or the solutions of the reactive dye or both may contain additionally inert constituents such as thickeners, surface-active agents, or perfumes.

Before actual use the peroxy compound is preferably kept as a dry powder which is subsequently made up into the. required solution; if desired the dye also may be kept as a powder. Other ingredients, if any, mixed with pow- CI. Reactive Black 5 EXAMPLE 1 A switch of blonde hair was treated with an aqueous solution consisting of potassium peroxymonosulphate triple salt (4%), potassium carbonate (0.2%), and monoethanoloamine lauryl sulphate (20%) and containing as thickening agent Carbopol 1 934 (30% of a 2% gel). The

A earboxy vinyl polymer of extremely high molecular weight.

time of the treatment was 1 to 15 minutes dependent on the depth of colour ultimately required. The hair was then rinsed, towel dried and dyed with an aqueous solution of Remazol Black B (2%) containing potassium carbonate (4%) and thickened by the addition of Carbopol 934 as before. The hair was dyed for a period of 10 to 30 minutes at 20 to 40 C. depending on the depth ofcolour required. The hair was dyed a dark blue colour.

EXAMPLE 2 A switch of blonde hair was treated with an aqueous solution of potassium peroxymonosulphate triple salt (4%) for 5 minutes, rinsed and towel dried. The hair was dyed with an aqueous solution of Procion Brilliant Red SBS (2) containing potassium carbonate (4%) for 20 minutes. The hair was dyeda deep red colour.

EXAMPLE 3 A switch of blonde hair was treated with an aqueous solution of peracetic acid 1%) for minutes, rinsed and towel dried. The hair was then dyed with an aqueous solution of Remazolan Orange CG (2%) containing potassium carbonate (4%) for 20 minutes. The hair was dyed a bright orange colour.

7 EXAMPLE 4 A switch of blonde hair was treated with an aqueous solution of potassium peroxymonosulphate triple salt (4%) containing potassium carbonate (0.1%) for 10 minutes, rinsed with water and towel dried. The hair was then dyed with an aqueous solution containing Remazol Black B (0.6%), Remazol Orange 66 (0.4%), Procion Printing Green 56 (1.0%) and potassium carbonate (4 g). for 20 minutes at room temperature. The hair was dyed a dark brown colour.

EXAMPLE 5 A switch of Italian blonde hair wastreated with an aqueous solution of potassium peroxymonosulphate triple salt (4%) for 5 minutes, rinsed and dried. The hair was then dyed with an aqueous solution of Procion Brilliant Red SE8 (2%) containing potassium carbonate (4%) for 20 minutes. The switch was dyed a deep red colour. One half of this switch was then subjected to repeated treatments and dyeing as described. After four treatments and dyeings no difference in colour between the two halves of the switch was discernible. After further dyeings a slight build-up of colour became apparent.

This experiment demonstrates the lack of colour buildup experienced with the process of the invention relative to conventional methods of dyeing hair.

7 By the processes described satisfactory uniform dyeingof the hair was obtained.

A feature of this invention is that satisfactory dyeing of human hair can be obtained without any intermediate application of a reducing agent between the treatments of 5 the hair with the peroxy compound and with the reactive;

l. A process of dyeing human hair which consists of treating the hair with an effective amount of an aqueous solution or dispersion containing a peroxy compound sc lected from the group consisting of peroxymonosulphuric acid, peroxymonophosphoric acid, peracetic acid, 'diperbrassylic acid, perbenzoic acid; alkali metal and am-,.

monium salts thereof; and subsequently treating the hair with an eifective amount of an aqueous solution containing an effective amount of a reactive dye to colour the hair.

2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the peroxy acid or salt thereof is applied to the hair as an aqueous solution or dispersion containing 0.5 to 10% by weight of the peroxy compound.

3. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solution of the reactive dye has a concentration of 0.1to

4. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the peroxy compound used to treat the hair is the potassium triple salt 2KHSO5-KHSO4.K3SO4. I

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,261,824 7/1966 Randall et al. s -mx 3,336,097 8/1967 Fell 8-10 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,333,995 6/1963 France 810 ALBERT T. MEYERS, Primary Examiner V. C. CLARKE, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.