US3704096A - Sterilizing package and method and means for sterilizing an article and thereafter checking its sterility - Google Patents

Sterilizing package and method and means for sterilizing an article and thereafter checking its sterility Download PDF

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US3704096A
US3704096A US81256A US3704096DA US3704096A US 3704096 A US3704096 A US 3704096A US 81256 A US81256 A US 81256A US 3704096D A US3704096D A US 3704096DA US 3704096 A US3704096 A US 3704096A
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article
sterilizing
ozone
environment
bag
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US81256A
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Christ J Verses
Eskil L Karlson
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Pollution Control Industries Inc
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Pollution Control Industries Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/26—Accessories or devices or components used for biocidal treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/26—Accessories or devices or components used for biocidal treatment
    • A61L2/28—Devices for testing the effectiveness or completeness of sterilisation, e.g. indicators which change colour
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/08—Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/0813—Accessories designed for easy sterilising, i.e. re-usable
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3937—Visible markers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/20—Oxygen containing
    • Y10T436/206664—Ozone or peroxide

Definitions

  • a new package comprising a transparent, sealed container having therein an ozone mist sterilizing environment, an article to be made and kept sterile by said environment, and an indicator adapted to visually signal whether such environment has in fact been attained.
  • FIELD OF USE This invention relates to sterilizing an article and maintaining it in sterile condition ready for use at any future time, by placing it in an ozone mist environment, and to means for indicating whether a sterilizing environment has actually been attained; and to a sealed package containing ozone mist, the article and the indicator means. While applicable to a wide range of articles, use is particularly contemplated in connection with surgical instruments, surgical gloves and other items of hospital equip- SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE An article to be made sterile is placed in a transparent container such as a plastic bag which, after being evacuated, is refilled with a mixture of ozone gas and water particles under pressure.
  • ozone mist When this mixture encounters the low pressure within the newly evaucated container the water particles explode forming an intimate mixture of ozone gas and finely divided water particles, referred to herein as ozone mist.
  • the amount of ozone in the mixture of ozone gas and water particles forced into the bag under pressure is suflicient to provide in the container an ozone concentration of one thousand (1,000) parts per million (1,000,000) by weight.
  • the amount of water in the mixture which is forced into the bag is sufiicient to establish a condition of saturation, or at least 80% humidity, within the bag after it is sealed.
  • the container is then vibrated or tumbled to expose the entire surface of the article to the ozone mist.
  • means are provided and included in the bag which are adapted to indicate by a color change occurring within a predetermined period of time after sealing of the bag that a sterile condition has been attained within the bag, or to warn by lack of color change that a sterile condition has not been attained.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevation of a sealed flexible plastic bag having therein an article to be sterilized in an environment of ozone mist, and containing also color speci mens adapted to indicate by complete color change or lack of such change whether a dependable sterilizing condition has been attained within the sealed bag.
  • an article 10 to be sterilized is placed in a container, preferably in a transparent container such as a plastic bag 12 and along with two color specimens 22 and 26 the function of which is described below, the bag is first evacuated and then filled with ozone mist, the presence of which is indicated by numeral 18, and sealed.
  • a mixture of ozone gas and water is preferably supplied into this bag under pressure and expands to form a fine mist.
  • the article in the container is made to move and expose all of its surfaces to the ozone mist.
  • the exhausting of the bag 12, refilling it with ozone mist and vibrating the article within the bag may desirably be done by the method and apparatus disclosed in copending US. patent application Ser. No. 81,255 filed Oct. 16, 1970.
  • the concentration of ozone necessary to kill all germs and viruses on an article enclosed in the bag 12 may vary with the locality and altitude but tests indicate that a concentration on the order of one thousand (1,000) parts by weight of ozone per million (1,000,000), in an environment sufficiently humid to promote the effectiveness of the ozone and to bring the ozone into contact with the entire surface of the article, will produce a reliable overkill situation.
  • the humidity should be or more at room temperature.
  • the amounts of ozone and water supplied into the bag 12 are controlled to give the ozone concentration and humidity percentage referred to above, optimum results will be attained, but as a check to determine, after the bag 12 is sealed, whether the article therein has been made completely sterile, the color change indicator means referred to above are employed.
  • a pair of surgical shears is shown as the article 10 to be rendered sterile and maintained in sterile condition.
  • a strip of adhesive tape 20 having on it a spot 22 of Safranin O dye is shown applied on one handle of the shears and a strip of adhesive tape 24 having on it a spot 26 of cobaltous chloride is shown applied on theother handle of the shears.
  • the spots 22 and 26 can be seen through the wall of bag 12 and any change in color of these spots can be observed.
  • Safranin O is a dye, also known as aniline rose or aniline pink, prepared by oxidizing para-toluylenediamine aniline and ortho-toluidine. It is made by National Aniline Division of Allied Chemical Corporation. When exposed to ozone, Safranin O bleaches and loses its characteristic TABLE Concentration of Safranin (by weight): 25
  • the method of indicating whether ozone mist, comprising mixture of ozone gas and finely divided water particles, sealed in a transparent container along with an article to be sterilized has high enough ozone concentration and humidity to sterilize the said article, which comprises, enclosing in the container, along with the article and ozone mist, a specimen of Safranin O and a specimen of dehydrated cobaltous chloride and observing the said specimens for color change after a time interval within which said Sa-franin O and said dehydrated cobaltons chloride are known to change color in a concentration of ozone and under conditions of humidity known to kill germs and viruses.
  • a package comprising a sealed transparent container having therein, ozone mist, an article to be rendered sterile by the ozone mist, and specimens of Safranin O and dehydrated cobaltous chloride to indicate by change of color, occurring within a predetermined time interval following sealing of the container, whether the desired sterile condition within the container has been attained.

Abstract

MEANS ARE PROVIDED TO INDICATED BY COLOR CHANGE OR LACK OF COLOR CHANGE OCCURRING WITHIN A PREDETERMINE TIME INTERVAL WHETHER A STERILLIZING ENVIRONMENT HAS BEEN ATTAINED IN A SEALED CONTAINER FILLED WITH OZONE MIST. A NEW PACKAGE IS PROVIDED COMPRISING A TRANSPARENT, SEALED CONTAINER HAVING THEREIN AN OZONE MIST STERILIZING ENVIRONMENT, AND ARTICLES TO THE MADE AND KEPT STERILE BY SAID ENVIRONMENT, AND AN INDICATOR ADAPTED TO VISUALLY SIGNAL WHETHER SUCH ENVIRONMENT HAS IN FACT BEEN ATTAINED.

Description

Nov. 28, 1912 c J. VERSES Em 3,704,096
STERILIZING PACKAGE AND METHOD AND MEANS FOR STERILIZING AN ARTICLE AND THEBEAFTER CHECKING ITS STERILITY Filed Oct. 16. 1970 INVENTORS F513 IL {far-[$021 ('lzns't Vrses United States Patent M STERILIZING PACKAGE AND METHOD AND MEANS FOR STERILIZING AN ARTICLE AND THEREAFTER CHECKING ITS STERILITY Christ J. Verses, Fairfield, and Eskil L. Karlson, Stamford, Conn., assignor to Pollution Control Industries, Inc., Stamford, Conn.
Filed Oct. 16, 1970, Ser. No. 81,256 Int. Cl. G01d 21/00; G01n 31/22 US. Cl. 23-230 R 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Means are provided to indicate by color change or lack of color change occurring within a predetermined time interval whether a sterilizing environment has been attained in a sealed container filled with ozone mist. A new package is provided comprising a transparent, sealed container having therein an ozone mist sterilizing environment, an article to be made and kept sterile by said environment, and an indicator adapted to visually signal whether such environment has in fact been attained.
FIELD OF USE This invention relates to sterilizing an article and maintaining it in sterile condition ready for use at any future time, by placing it in an ozone mist environment, and to means for indicating whether a sterilizing environment has actually been attained; and to a sealed package containing ozone mist, the article and the indicator means. While applicable to a wide range of articles, use is particularly contemplated in connection with surgical instruments, surgical gloves and other items of hospital equip- SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE An article to be made sterile is placed in a transparent container such as a plastic bag which, after being evacuated, is refilled with a mixture of ozone gas and water particles under pressure. When this mixture encounters the low pressure within the newly evaucated container the water particles explode forming an intimate mixture of ozone gas and finely divided water particles, referred to herein as ozone mist. The amount of ozone in the mixture of ozone gas and water particles forced into the bag under pressure is suflicient to provide in the container an ozone concentration of one thousand (1,000) parts per million (1,000,000) by weight. The amount of water in the mixture which is forced into the bag is sufiicient to establish a condition of saturation, or at least 80% humidity, within the bag after it is sealed. The container is then vibrated or tumbled to expose the entire surface of the article to the ozone mist. As a check, in order to be 3,704,096 Patented Nov. 28, 1972 sure that in the sealed bag there is sufiicient ozone concentration and suflicient humidity to kill all germs and viruses which may be on the article or on the inner surface of the bag, means are provided and included in the bag which are adapted to indicate by a color change occurring within a predetermined period of time after sealing of the bag that a sterile condition has been attained within the bag, or to warn by lack of color change that a sterile condition has not been attained.
The invention will be best understood by reading the following description in connection with the drawing, in which the figure is an elevation of a sealed flexible plastic bag having therein an article to be sterilized in an environment of ozone mist, and containing also color speci mens adapted to indicate by complete color change or lack of such change whether a dependable sterilizing condition has been attained within the sealed bag.
DESCRIPTION In practicing the invention in accordance with the embodiment thereof disclosed herein an article 10 to be sterilized is placed in a container, preferably in a transparent container such as a plastic bag 12 and along with two color specimens 22 and 26 the function of which is described below, the bag is first evacuated and then filled with ozone mist, the presence of which is indicated by numeral 18, and sealed. A mixture of ozone gas and water is preferably supplied into this bag under pressure and expands to form a fine mist. The article in the container is made to move and expose all of its surfaces to the ozone mist. The exhausting of the bag 12, refilling it with ozone mist and vibrating the article within the bag may desirably be done by the method and apparatus disclosed in copending US. patent application Ser. No. 81,255 filed Oct. 16, 1970.
The concentration of ozone necessary to kill all germs and viruses on an article enclosed in the bag 12 may vary with the locality and altitude but tests indicate that a concentration on the order of one thousand (1,000) parts by weight of ozone per million (1,000,000), in an environment sufficiently humid to promote the effectiveness of the ozone and to bring the ozone into contact with the entire surface of the article, will produce a reliable overkill situation. The humidity should be or more at room temperature.
If the amounts of ozone and water supplied into the bag 12 are controlled to give the ozone concentration and humidity percentage referred to above, optimum results will be attained, but as a check to determine, after the bag 12 is sealed, whether the article therein has been made completely sterile, the color change indicator means referred to above are employed.
In the drawing a pair of surgical shears is shown as the article 10 to be rendered sterile and maintained in sterile condition. A strip of adhesive tape 20 having on it a spot 22 of Safranin O dye is shown applied on one handle of the shears and a strip of adhesive tape 24 having on it a spot 26 of cobaltous chloride is shown applied on theother handle of the shears. The spots 22 and 26 can be seen through the wall of bag 12 and any change in color of these spots can be observed.
Safranin O is a dye, also known as aniline rose or aniline pink, prepared by oxidizing para-toluylenediamine aniline and ortho-toluidine. It is made by National Aniline Division of Allied Chemical Corporation. When exposed to ozone, Safranin O bleaches and loses its characteristic TABLE Concentration of Safranin (by weight): 25
Time for complete bleach (minutes) Dehydrated cobaltous chloride, CoCl 6H O, which is blue, turns red almost immediately when placed in an environment where the humidity is 80% or more. Since this humidity indicator reacts much faster than the said ozone concentration indicator both color indicators may be observed at the end of the time interval required to eifect a complete color change of the Safranin indicator.
By observing both indicators 22 and 26 promptly after the periods of time indicated in the table, one can visually determine whether in fact a condition has been obtained in the bag to render the article 10 therein completely sterile.
What we claim is:
1. The method of indicating whether ozone mist, comprising mixture of ozone gas and finely divided water particles, sealed in a transparent container along with an article to be sterilized has high enough ozone concentration and humidity to sterilize the said article, which comprises, enclosing in the container, along with the article and ozone mist, a specimen of Safranin O and a specimen of dehydrated cobaltous chloride and observing the said specimens for color change after a time interval within which said Sa-franin O and said dehydrated cobaltons chloride are known to change color in a concentration of ozone and under conditions of humidity known to kill germs and viruses.
2. A package comprising a sealed transparent container having therein, ozone mist, an article to be rendered sterile by the ozone mist, and specimens of Safranin O and dehydrated cobaltous chloride to indicate by change of color, occurring within a predetermined time interval following sealing of the container, whether the desired sterile condition within the container has been attained.
3. The package claimed in claim 2 in which the indicator responsive to a germ-killing concentration of ozone is Safranin O and in which the indicator responsive to the humidity of the environment is dehydrated cobaltous chloride.
4. The package claimed in claim 2 in which the specimens of Safranin O and dehydrated cobaltous chloride comprises thin strips of adhesive tape applied to the article and stained respectively with Safranin O' and dehydrated eohaltous chloride.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1/1949 Davis 23253 TP 11/1969 Andersen et al 2191 OTHER REFERENCES Kolling et a1., Chem. Abstr. 55, 2559lh (1961).
MORRIS O. WOLK, Primary Examiner R. M. R-EESE, Assistant Examiner
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Cited By (50)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3852034A (en) * 1972-06-21 1974-12-03 American Sterilizer Co Indicator for effectiveness of ethylene oxide sterilization
US3862824A (en) * 1974-05-30 1975-01-28 Arthur William Chapman Means for indicating completion of sterilisation processes
US3890955A (en) * 1972-02-23 1975-06-24 Elliott Angelika Vacuum indicator
US4079729A (en) * 1975-10-31 1978-03-21 Sherwood Medical Industries Inc. Fluid collection with vacuum loss indicating means
US4179397A (en) * 1978-05-22 1979-12-18 American Can Company Indicator ink
US4188437A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-02-12 American Can Company Thermotropic adhesive tape
US4511035A (en) * 1983-01-13 1985-04-16 Ethicon, Inc. Package for surgical instrument
US4514361A (en) * 1982-09-24 1985-04-30 Arvey Corporation Steam sterilization indicator
WO1990007466A1 (en) * 1988-12-27 1990-07-12 Karlson Eskil L Ozone generation by corona discharge at elevated pressures
US5069880A (en) * 1990-05-07 1991-12-03 Karlson Eskil L Ozone sterilizer
US5115166A (en) * 1989-03-08 1992-05-19 Abtox, Inc. Plasma sterilizer and method
US5139957A (en) * 1990-05-24 1992-08-18 American Sterilizer Company Chemical indicator that includes potassium dichromate and urea and method of using the same to detect hydrogen peroxide
US5178829A (en) * 1989-03-08 1993-01-12 Abtox, Inc. Flash sterilization with plasma
US5184046A (en) * 1990-09-28 1993-02-02 Abtox, Inc. Circular waveguide plasma microwave sterilizer apparatus
US5186893A (en) * 1989-03-08 1993-02-16 Abtox, Inc. Plasma cycling sterilizing process
US5244629A (en) * 1990-08-31 1993-09-14 Caputo Ross A Plasma sterilizing process with pulsed antimicrobial agent pretreatment
US5288460A (en) * 1989-03-08 1994-02-22 Abtox, Inc. Plasma cycling sterilizing process
US5325020A (en) * 1990-09-28 1994-06-28 Abtox, Inc. Circular waveguide plasma microwave sterilizer apparatus
US5344017A (en) * 1993-08-13 1994-09-06 Wittrock Paul M Instrument pouch with in-pouch sterile processing indicator
US5376332A (en) * 1991-02-06 1994-12-27 Abtox, Inc. Plasma sterilizing with downstream oxygen addition
US5413759A (en) * 1989-03-08 1995-05-09 Abtox, Inc. Plasma sterilizer and method
US5413760A (en) * 1989-03-08 1995-05-09 Abtox, Inc. Plasma sterilizer and method
US5472664A (en) * 1989-03-08 1995-12-05 Abtox, Inc. Plasma gas mixture for sterilizer and method
US5518763A (en) * 1992-05-28 1996-05-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of making indicator tapes
US5593649A (en) * 1989-03-08 1997-01-14 Abtox, Inc. Canister with plasma gas mixture for sterilizer
US5618492A (en) * 1994-08-23 1997-04-08 Auten; Richard D. Process for sterilizing articles and providing sterile storage environments
US5645796A (en) * 1990-08-31 1997-07-08 Abtox, Inc. Process for plasma sterilizing with pulsed antimicrobial agent treatment
US5650693A (en) * 1989-03-08 1997-07-22 Abtox, Inc. Plasma sterilizer apparatus using a non-flammable mixture of hydrogen and oxygen
US5692610A (en) * 1994-04-21 1997-12-02 Porteous; Don D. Method and apparatus for single use dispenser packaging of dental retraction cords
US5868999A (en) * 1996-03-19 1999-02-09 Ozone Sterilization Products, Inc. Ozone sterilizer and method for ozone sterilization
US5942438A (en) * 1997-11-07 1999-08-24 Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. Chemical indicator for oxidation-type sterilization processes using bleachable dyes
US6063631A (en) * 1997-05-21 2000-05-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Sterilization indicator
US6117685A (en) * 1997-05-22 2000-09-12 Sakura Color Products Corporation Ozone indicator and ozone detecting ink
US6238623B1 (en) 1997-05-21 2001-05-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Labels and tracking systems for sterilization procedures
US6287518B1 (en) 1997-06-25 2001-09-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Sterilization monitors
US6302691B1 (en) 1999-09-24 2001-10-16 Nicholas J. Manzoli Use indicating means for dental files
EP1163913A2 (en) * 2000-06-14 2001-12-19 Technologies of Sterilization with Ozone TSO3 Inc. Method of monitoring sterilization and indicator therefor
US20030188981A1 (en) * 2002-04-05 2003-10-09 Ronpak, Inc. Sterilizable package
US6734157B2 (en) 1999-12-28 2004-05-11 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Controlled release anti-microbial hard surface wiper
US6767509B1 (en) 1999-06-16 2004-07-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Self-sterilizing packaging
US6794318B2 (en) 1999-12-28 2004-09-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Use-dependent indicator system for absorbent articles
US20050079093A1 (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-04-14 Allegiance Corporation Sterilization wraps and methods for sterilizing articles
US6916480B2 (en) 1999-12-28 2005-07-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Wiper containing a controlled-release anti-microbial agent
US20070199848A1 (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-08-30 Ellswood Mark R Packaging with color-coded identification
US20070243102A1 (en) * 2004-09-06 2007-10-18 Philipp Peter R Method and Plant for the Treatment of Fibrous Material Susceptible to Degradation by Biological Activity
US20100124730A1 (en) * 2008-11-14 2010-05-20 Schemmer Jurgen H Endodontic ozone apparatus
US20110064610A1 (en) * 2009-09-11 2011-03-17 Krones Ag Method of testing a sterilization process and sterilization apparatus
US20110076191A1 (en) * 2009-09-25 2011-03-31 Germgard Lighting, Llc. Ozone Based Method and System for Tool Sterilization
US9849204B2 (en) 2016-01-13 2017-12-26 Sterio3, Llc Sterilization device and methods
US10039850B2 (en) 2016-01-13 2018-08-07 Sterio3, Llc Sterilization device and methods

Cited By (68)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3890955A (en) * 1972-02-23 1975-06-24 Elliott Angelika Vacuum indicator
US3852034A (en) * 1972-06-21 1974-12-03 American Sterilizer Co Indicator for effectiveness of ethylene oxide sterilization
US3862824A (en) * 1974-05-30 1975-01-28 Arthur William Chapman Means for indicating completion of sterilisation processes
US4079729A (en) * 1975-10-31 1978-03-21 Sherwood Medical Industries Inc. Fluid collection with vacuum loss indicating means
US4179397A (en) * 1978-05-22 1979-12-18 American Can Company Indicator ink
US4188437A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-02-12 American Can Company Thermotropic adhesive tape
US4514361A (en) * 1982-09-24 1985-04-30 Arvey Corporation Steam sterilization indicator
US4511035A (en) * 1983-01-13 1985-04-16 Ethicon, Inc. Package for surgical instrument
WO1990007466A1 (en) * 1988-12-27 1990-07-12 Karlson Eskil L Ozone generation by corona discharge at elevated pressures
US5288460A (en) * 1989-03-08 1994-02-22 Abtox, Inc. Plasma cycling sterilizing process
US5413759A (en) * 1989-03-08 1995-05-09 Abtox, Inc. Plasma sterilizer and method
US5178829A (en) * 1989-03-08 1993-01-12 Abtox, Inc. Flash sterilization with plasma
US5186893A (en) * 1989-03-08 1993-02-16 Abtox, Inc. Plasma cycling sterilizing process
US5650693A (en) * 1989-03-08 1997-07-22 Abtox, Inc. Plasma sterilizer apparatus using a non-flammable mixture of hydrogen and oxygen
US5593649A (en) * 1989-03-08 1997-01-14 Abtox, Inc. Canister with plasma gas mixture for sterilizer
US5472664A (en) * 1989-03-08 1995-12-05 Abtox, Inc. Plasma gas mixture for sterilizer and method
US5115166A (en) * 1989-03-08 1992-05-19 Abtox, Inc. Plasma sterilizer and method
US5413760A (en) * 1989-03-08 1995-05-09 Abtox, Inc. Plasma sterilizer and method
US5069880A (en) * 1990-05-07 1991-12-03 Karlson Eskil L Ozone sterilizer
US5139957A (en) * 1990-05-24 1992-08-18 American Sterilizer Company Chemical indicator that includes potassium dichromate and urea and method of using the same to detect hydrogen peroxide
US5413758A (en) * 1990-08-31 1995-05-09 Abtox, Inc. Apparatus for plasma sterilizing with pulsed antimicrobial agent treatment
US5645796A (en) * 1990-08-31 1997-07-08 Abtox, Inc. Process for plasma sterilizing with pulsed antimicrobial agent treatment
US6261518B1 (en) 1990-08-31 2001-07-17 Depuy Orthopaedics, Inc. Process and apparatus for plasma sterilizing with pulsed antimicrobial agent treatment
US5244629A (en) * 1990-08-31 1993-09-14 Caputo Ross A Plasma sterilizing process with pulsed antimicrobial agent pretreatment
US5184046A (en) * 1990-09-28 1993-02-02 Abtox, Inc. Circular waveguide plasma microwave sterilizer apparatus
US5325020A (en) * 1990-09-28 1994-06-28 Abtox, Inc. Circular waveguide plasma microwave sterilizer apparatus
US5376332A (en) * 1991-02-06 1994-12-27 Abtox, Inc. Plasma sterilizing with downstream oxygen addition
US5518763A (en) * 1992-05-28 1996-05-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of making indicator tapes
US5344017A (en) * 1993-08-13 1994-09-06 Wittrock Paul M Instrument pouch with in-pouch sterile processing indicator
US5692610A (en) * 1994-04-21 1997-12-02 Porteous; Don D. Method and apparatus for single use dispenser packaging of dental retraction cords
US5618492A (en) * 1994-08-23 1997-04-08 Auten; Richard D. Process for sterilizing articles and providing sterile storage environments
US5868999A (en) * 1996-03-19 1999-02-09 Ozone Sterilization Products, Inc. Ozone sterilizer and method for ozone sterilization
US6238623B1 (en) 1997-05-21 2001-05-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Labels and tracking systems for sterilization procedures
US6063631A (en) * 1997-05-21 2000-05-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Sterilization indicator
US6117685A (en) * 1997-05-22 2000-09-12 Sakura Color Products Corporation Ozone indicator and ozone detecting ink
US6336964B1 (en) 1997-05-22 2002-01-08 Sakura Color Products Corporation Ozone indicator and ozone sensor ink
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US6287518B1 (en) 1997-06-25 2001-09-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Sterilization monitors
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