US3704811A - Portable sandblaster - Google Patents

Portable sandblaster Download PDF

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US3704811A
US3704811A US58093A US3704811DA US3704811A US 3704811 A US3704811 A US 3704811A US 58093 A US58093 A US 58093A US 3704811D A US3704811D A US 3704811DA US 3704811 A US3704811 A US 3704811A
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container
dispensing
expansion chamber
portable dispenser
fluid
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US58093A
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Joseph T Harden Jr
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Creative Ideas Inc
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Creative Ideas Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24CABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/02Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other
    • B24C3/06Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other movable; portable
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1404Arrangements for supplying particulate material
    • B05B7/1472Powder extracted from a powder container in a direction substantially opposite to gravity by a suction device dipped into the powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/2402Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device
    • B05B7/2405Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle
    • B05B7/2424Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle the carried liquid and the main stream of atomising fluid being brought together downstream of the container before discharge
    • B05B7/2427Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle the carried liquid and the main stream of atomising fluid being brought together downstream of the container before discharge and a secondary stream of atomising fluid being brought together in the container or putting the carried liquid under pressure in the container
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
    • B65D83/60Contents and propellant separated
    • B65D83/66Contents and propellant separated first separated, but finally mixed, e.g. in a dispensing head

Definitions

  • I-Iandren Attorney-Lowe and King ABSTRACT Particulate material is dispensed from a portable supply container by application of positive pressure in the open space of the container above the material to fluidize the same, and simultaneously, applying a vacuum through a venturi nozzle.
  • the pressurized fluid for feeding the venturi nozzle and for fluidizing the particulate material preferably originates from a single source, a self-contained propellant tank positioned inside the supply container.
  • An expansion chamber is provided at one end of the venturi nozzle and a dispensing orifice is positioned at the other end.
  • Interconnecting transfer means between the expansion chamber and the open space may be a restricted passage or an open interface; in the latter embodiment a stream splitting lip being formed by said one end of said nozzle.
  • a modified embodiment may be operated in either the upright or inverted position by providing alternative dispensing apertures in the top of the supply container for cooperation with a coupling stopper; sealing and transfer stoppers being positioned to automatically close off the unused aperture and supply pressure to the open space of the container.
  • the present invention relates to portable dispensers and, more particularly, to improvements in self-contained, Aerosol-type dispenser devices for dispensing particulate material, such as sand and other abrasives.
  • a container for holding the supply of the particulate material with an inner tank holding the Aerosoltype propellant.
  • a dispensing head is provided on the container and includes an expansion chamber, a venturi nozzle and a dispensing orifice aligned in that order.
  • a supply passage intersects the venturi nozzle at a position of negative pressure; i.e., point of vacuum, to draw the particulate material into the fluid stream and thereby dispense the same through the dispensing orifice.
  • another passage communicating with the expansion chamber or a point of high pressure feeds high pressure propellant gas to the interior of the container to fluidize the material and assist in causing the same to flow or be carried through the dip tube and into the venturi nozzle.
  • the dispensing fluid is projected into a closed expansion chamber through an intermediate orifice whereby the fluid in a liquid state is permitted to vaporize; a portion of the gas formed then proceeding at high velocity through the venturi nozzle and the other portion being transferred to the supply container to fluidize the material.
  • the expansion chamber is interconnected with the open space of the supply container by an open interface. The defined stream of fluid from the intermediate propellant orifice is preferably split by a projecting lip of the venturi nozzle to assure adequate supply of fluid for both fluidizing the material and operation of the venturi nozzle.
  • a third embodiment of the dispensing head assembly includes an integral expansion chamber, venturi nozzle and dispensing orifice pivotally mounted on the container.
  • the assembly is connected at a point spaced from the pivot to the valve of the propellant container and has an operating thumb lever for depressing said assembly to cause release of the propellant.
  • a detachable dispensing head assembly is provided to adapt a supply container for operation in either the upright or inverted positions.
  • the supply passage for the material is positioned in a first aperture in the top of the container having a dip tube so that conventional upright operation may be obtained.
  • the supply tube is shifted to an open aperture having no dip tube and thus adapted to feed the particulate material shifted to the top of the container.
  • Auxiliary stoppers are provided to engage the non-selected aperture and are provided with transfer passages communicating with the expansion chamber for pressurizing the corresponding open space within the supply container and thereby fluidizing the particulate material for efficient dispensing.
  • a winged operating plunger is provided to actuate the propellant dispensing head so as to assure two-hand contact of the operator; this feature being important especially when utilizing this embodiment as a large capacity and high propellant power model.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of the portable dispenser device constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the dispenser device of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of still another embodiment of the dispenser device constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view from below illustrating a dispenser head assembly of still another embodiment of the invention and adapted for upright or inverted operation in accordance with important features of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a container adapted to mate with the dispensing head assembly of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the dispensing head and container of FIGS. 4 and 5 in matin g engagement, with the combination being orientated in the inverted position and ready for operation;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 6- 6 of FIG. 5 illustrating the valving system of this embodiment.
  • an Aerosol dispenser device 10 is provided and comprises an outer container 11 holding a supply of particulate material 12 to be dispensed and an inner tank 13 holding a supply of propellant 14.
  • the container 11 and tank 13 may be of conventional fabrication, such as tin metal, although other materials, such as plastics and aluminum, may be utilized if desired.
  • the top and bottom of the container 11 are appropriately sealed at the joints and around the top of the inner tank 13 so as to provide an airtight sealed structure.
  • the particulate material 12 to be dispensed may be a conventional abrasive, such as silicon oxide or sand, or a specialized abrasive such as silicon carbide or aluminum oxide.
  • the material 12 should be dry and sufficiently large in particle size to be capable of being fluidized, as will be seen later in detail.
  • the propellant 14 may be any of the conventional fluorinated hydrocarbons, sold under the trademark F REON by the Dupont Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware.
  • the specific fluorinated hydrocarbon, dichlordifluoromethane, is particularly suitable for its high molecular weight and high vapor pressure in that it affords greater propelling force to the particulate matter, and thus higher dispensing efficiency.
  • a clip tube 20 is positioned in the inner tank 13 to withdraw the propellant 14 in a liquid state; a positive vapor pressure existing in the open space at the top of said tank 13 to force the liquid out.
  • the liquid is dispensed through a valve 21 having hollow valve element 22; the propellant 14 passing by reason of lateral openings 23 into said element 22 when depressed, as shown in FIG. 1. It will be understood that when the element 22 is released, spring 24 causes a return of the element 22 into the top of the valve 21 thereby blocking off the openings 23.
  • a propellant dispensing head or cap 27 is provided on top of the element 22 for engagement by the hand or finger of the operator.
  • a release passageway 28 terminates at an intermediate restricted orifice 29 which opens into an expansion chamber, generally designated by the reference numeral 30.
  • the expansion chamber 30 is a part of a dispensing head assembly 31 and is formed by a tubular housing extension 35 integral with a venturi nozzle, generally designated by the reference numeral 36.
  • the nozzle also a part of the head assembly 31, includes an entrance section 37, a restricted portion 38, and a final expanding section 39, which forms a dispensing orifice
  • An interconnecting transfer passage 45 is provided in the body of the nozzle 36 and communicates through the entrance section 37 with the expansion chamber 30 where the propellant has expanded and exists at a relatively high pressure. The other end of the passage 45 opens into the open space above the level of particulate material 12, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a supply passage 46 also formed in the head assembly 31, communicates with the restricted portion 38 of the nozzle 36 and thereby is subject to the lowest pressure of the propellant fluid, due to the well known Bernoullis effect.
  • the effect can be stated as the Equation:
  • PV+Vzmv C; 1 wherein it can be seen that for a given volume of fluid, pressure energy (PV) plus kinetic energy (lmv is equal to a constant. As the kinetic energy (velocity and thus momentum) increases, it follows that the pressure must decrease proportional to the velocity squared due to the volume remaining the same. Thus, the pressure at the mouth of the supply passage 46 is subatmospheric (a vacuum) and the material 12 in the passage 46 will be sucked into the flow stream through the nozzle 36 and projected through the dispensing orifice 40. The lower end of the supply passage 46 is connected to a dip tube 47 to permit the supply of particulate material 12 to be drawn from the bottom of the container 11.
  • the passage is restricted to assure sufficient fluid passing through the nozzle 36 to generate the desired high velocity and low pressure for the venturi effect.
  • the gas passing through the passage 45 into the container 11 is also sufficient to fluidize the material in and adjacent the end of the dip tube 47 and, as will presently be seen, this combination of dispensing actions greatly increases the ability of the dispenser device 10 of the present invention to operate on particulate or granular matter which is recognized as being difficult to move in this environment.
  • the propellant 14 is first forced up through its dip tube 20 and through the valve 21 and passageway 28 to expansion chamber 30 when the cap 27 is depressed.
  • the liquid exiting from the intermediate orifice 29 immediately expands to form a gaseous vapor at a high pressure and seeks to flow into the nozzle 36, as shown by the flow arrows.
  • the expanding gas travels directly ahead toward the restricted portion 38 where the high velocity, low pressure flow occurs due to Bemoullis principle.
  • a portion of the flow is diverted through interconnecting transfer passage 45 into the open space above the particulate material 12 in the container 11.
  • the fluid is a gas at high pressure and the particulate material is sufficiently large to allow the gas to pass through the interstices between the particles
  • the gas flows down to the lower end of the dip tube 47 and then upwardly toward the passage 46.
  • This gas fluidizing that is, surrounding of the particles in the supply by the gas, and particularly in the region surrounding the lower end of the dip tube 47 just as it begins to travel upwardly, enhances the dispensing operation by preventing blockage of the flow of the supply.
  • the material is being fluidized as it travels up the dip tube 47 so that it is in effect, being lifted or carried upwardly in the stream of gas for dispensing.
  • FIG. 2 An alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 2 and will now be described, with the like elements being given the same reference numerals plus a suffix and with additional elements being identified by additional reference numerals.
  • the container 11a is formed in two sections, an upper section 48 and a lower section 49 with a suitable airtight joint 50 being formed therebetween.
  • the upper section 48 of the container 110 may be removed to allow insertion of the propellant tank 13a with a fresh charge and so that additional particulate material 12 may be placed in the container 1 la.
  • the upper section 48 is formed with annular sealing joint 51 to maintain the container 11a in a condition to be pressurized and to thereby cause the particulate material 12 to flow through the dispensing orifice 400 with the maximum force being gained from both the fluidizing and sucking actions.
  • the venturi nozzle 36a in the dispensing head assembly 31a is modified version of the nozzle 36, shown in FIG. 1.
  • the supply passage 46a opens downstream of the restricted portion 380 of the nozzle.
  • the side walls of the expanding section 390 leading to the orifice 400 are set back so as to provide a completely free stream; and the supply passage 46a intersects the nozzle 460 at a position of negative pressure or vacuum, but downstream of the restricted portion 380.
  • the fast moving stream defined by the restriction 38a in effect creates a boundary layer along the side walls of the section 39a to draw the fluid suspended particulate material into the stream. That is, the outer boundary of the stream tends to draw or suck the surrounding fluid and suspended matter into itself, and accordingly, the vacuum effect at the supply passage 46a is maintained for efiicient feeding and delivery of the fluidized particulate material.
  • the sides of the expanding section 39a of the nozzle are not sufiiciently long to permit attachment of the flow stream to one side however; i.e., the fluid at the stepped portion of the orifice 40a will not be trapped sufficiently to provide a captive vacuum to cause the stream to lock-on to one of the side walls.
  • the lower portion of the nozzle 36a is provided with a projecting lip 55 to split the stream issuing from the intermediate orifice 29a to assure adequate supply of fluid for both fluidizing the supply and operation of the venturi nozzle 36a (see flow arrows).
  • the venturi nozzle has been designated by numeral 36b and is formed-as an integral structure with the head assembly 31b, which is pivotally mounted on the top of said container 11b by a pivot pin 60.
  • the transfer passage 45b for diverting a portion of the pressurized fluid from the expansion chamber 30b is curved toward the expansion chamber 301: so as to assure a sufiicient supply of the fluid being scooped and thus supplied to said transfer passage 45b and the open space above the material in the container 11b.
  • the tubing or body forming the transfer passage 45b and the supply passage 46b is sufficiently flexible (plastic or the like) to permit pivoting of the head assembly 31b about the pin 60.
  • valve 21b of this embodiment When the operator thus engages the rearwardly extending lever 61, the valve 21b of this embodiment is unseated or opened in response to the downward movement of the rear of the assembly 31b toward said valve 21b and discharge of the propellant fluid into the expansion chamber 30b takes place.
  • a convenient handle for the Aerosol container device 10 is provided by molding a hand hold opening 63, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • pressurized fluid is prevented from escaping except through the supply passage 46b by means of the sealing joint 51.
  • this causes the open space above the material to become highly pressurized thereby causing the particulate material in the bottom of the container to be saturated with the gas and fluidized, whereby the movement around the lower end and through the dip tube 47b and supply passage 46b is greatly enchanced.
  • the fluidization of the particles is of advantage in the region surrounding the lower end of the dip tube since with the particles being suspended in the gas, a blockage of the tube by jamming of the particles together is prevented Suspension of the particles in the tube 47b and passage 46b also prevents blockage, as well as generating positive feeding or lifting force for the paiticles, as discussed earlier.
  • FIGS. 4-7 includes a detachable dispensing head assembly, generally designated by the reference numeral 70.
  • the supply passage 460 of this embodiment of the invention intersects the restriction 38c of the venturi nozzle 360 but has a coupling stopper 71 mounted on the lower end thereof rather than a dip tube.
  • the coupling stopper 71 is flanked by two sealing and transfer stoppers 72, 73 each of which has a transfer passage 74, 75 extending axially therethrough and connected to the venturi nozzle 360, as shown in FIG. 4. As in the embodiment of FIG. 1, these passages 74, 75 are thus in communication with the positive pressure of the expansion chamber 30c.
  • a coupling sleeve 76 provided at the rear of the assembly 70 positions the container 80 with respect to upstanding fluid transfer stem 77.
  • propellant dispensing cap 270 On this stem 77 is mounted propellant dispensing cap 270, which may be identical to the cap 27a utilized in the FIG. 2 embodiment.
  • the stoppers 7l-73 are centered on a radial arc having a radius R taken about the center of the coupling sleeve 76 and the stem 77 and are equally spaced from each other.
  • FIG. 5 is shown the plan view of the top of a mating container 80 operable with the dispensing head assembly 70.
  • a first recessed aperture 82 is provided just above the center line of the top 81 to receive the center coupling stopper 71 in one mode of operation.
  • the recessed aperture 82 is provided with a centrally located dip tube 83 which is positioned by an annular disc s as to mate in operation with the feed tube 460.
  • a second recessed aperture 84 is provided just below the center line of the top 81 and is open for direct communication with the space within the container 80 (see FIG. 6). Closed recesses 85, 86 flank the apertures 82, 84, respectively, and the recesses and apertures are positioned along the same radius R, as described with respect to FIG. 4. Furthermore, spacing d between the apertures 82, 84 and spacing d,, d, between the same and the recesses 85, 86 are equal to each other and to the spacings between the stoppers 71-73 (FIG. 4).
  • a third recessed aperture 87 is provided at the rear of the top 81 with which communication with the propellant tank 13c is made (FIG. 6).
  • the mating coupling sleeve 76 assures easy mounting of the assembly 70 in the proper position on the tank 130 so that the stem 77 is set to operate the valve 210 when depressed.
  • the assembly 70 of FIG. 4 may be placed in operating relationship on the container 80 with the stoppers 71-73 and guide sleeve 76 in mating relationship with recessed apertures 82, 84, and 87, respectively, and at least one of the closed recesses 85, 86, as will now be described.
  • the dispensing head assembly 70 When the container 80 is to be operated in the upright position, the dispensing head assembly 70 is placed on top of the container 80 so that the sleeve 76 mates with the rear aperture 87, the stopper 71 mates with the aperture 82 with the dip tube 83 (just above the center line in FIG. 5) and the stoppers 72, 73, respectively mate with aperture 84, just below the center line, and the closed recess 85.
  • the expansion chamber 300 is pressurized through the propellant dispensing cap 270 and the venturi noule 36c is placed in operation, the particulate material in the container 80 will be withdrawn and dispensed in a manner comparable to the embodiments of FIGS. 1-3. That is, a suction is provided through the passage 46c and the dip tube 83 and positive fluidizing pressure is provided through passage 74 to aperture 84 and thence to the open space above the particulate material 12.
  • stopper 71 is first repositioned along the radial arc to cooperate with the open aperture 84 so that when the particulate material 12 is shifted by gravity to the top of the container 80 it is in direct communication with the feed tube 46c.
  • the stopper 73 is now positioned in engagement with the aperture 82 having the dip tube 83 so as to provide positive pressure therethrough. Since the dip tube 83 extends above the level of the particulate material 12 (see FIG. 6) the same pressurization of the open space as described above occurs and fluidization for maximum dispensing efficiency takes place; the closed recess 86 properly sealing off the stopper 72 and thus the passage 74.
  • the dip tube 200 is now exposed to the vapor phase of the propellant rather than the liquid phase as in the other embodiments (see FIG. 6).
  • This mode of dispensing of the propellant is suitable where the propellant tank 130 is large and efficient heat transfer occurs to prevent the temperature of the liquid phase from falling below the threshold temperature where the vapor pressure is drastically reduced.
  • the size of the hold 89 is selected so that the same liquid/vapor proportion is withdraw from the hole 89 and the opening at the bottom of the dip tube 200 in either selected position.
  • the dispensing head assembly and the container may be conveniently coupled together in either selected position by providing latches 90 at the front and rear.
  • the latches selected may be of the over-center type wherein hooks 91 are provided at the front and rear of the container 80 (see FIGS. 5 and 6) and an extra hook 92 is provided at the front (see FIG. 5).
  • a U-shaped latch element 93 is attached to pivotal lever 94 so as to go into an over-center position with respect to the pivot point of lever 94 when the latches 90 are secured.
  • latch element 93 there is designed sufficient deformability or flexibility in the latch element 93 to permit the slight misalignment of the forward surfaces of the dispensing head assembly 70 and the container 80 as the former is latched into either the upright or inverted modes of operation in engagement with either of the forward hooks 91, 92, respectively.
  • the rear of the expansion chamber 30c of the head assembly 70 is sealed by a removable plug 95. During the assembly of the parts this permits the cap 270 to be positioned within said expansion chamber 30c.
  • the walls of the expansion chamber 30c are sealed against escape of pressure around the stem 77 and other points by the requisite close fit of parts, or if necessary, suita ble O-ring structure may be provided.
  • a trigger In order to depress the cap 270 for release of the propellant from the tank 13c, a trigger, generally designated by the reference numeral 96, is positioned in the top of the dispensing head assembly 70.
  • reciprocating rod 97 of the trigger 96 extends through the upper wall of the chamber 300 and is mated with the top of the cap 27c.
  • Pivotally mounted on the free end of the rod 97 is winged lever 99 having wings extending outwardly toward the sides of the head assembly 70, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the double winged lever 99 may be spring biased to a center position or freely pivotal, as shown in the drawings. The important fact is that the depressing of only one side of the trigger 96 does not result in activating movement of the rod 97 since the other end of the lever 99 would simply be raised.
  • Suitable openings 100, 101 are provided in the sides of the head assembly 70 adjacent the trigger 96. These openings 100, 101 provide a convenient position for insertion of the fingers, when the device 10 is being operated in the upright position, or a position for the thumbs when the container 10d is being operated in the inverted position, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the thumbs of the operator are free to engage the adjacent wings of the lever 99 so that the operating rod 97 may be depressed thus releasing the propellant gas to operate the device 10.
  • the inverted position one of the fingers of each hand of the operator naturally falls on the adjacent wing of the lever 99 thereby operating the device 10.
  • the safety feature of this arrangement will be recognized since both hands must be securely in position before the device of the invention can be operated.
  • the container 10 of the present invention may be made with any capacity and with any amount of propellant force
  • the embodiment of FIGS. 4-7 is particularly adapted for high capacity uses.
  • the container may be designed to hold in the neighborhood of one-half to two cubic feed of particulate material and the propellant may be charged as high as approximately 200 pounds per square inch. This gives the operator the ability to operate on a large area of surface to be cleaned or abraded with the power normally attributed only to machines of the non-portable type.
  • a highly efficient portable dispenser for particulate material has been provided.
  • the material is propelled from the venturi nozzle 36-360 with the combination of vacuum lift action and fluidizing and suspension lift of the particles by a positive pressure applied into the open space above the supply.
  • the venturi nozzle 36-360 and the expansion chambers 30-300 are made in different embodiments so as to best suit the particular application needed.
  • the detachable dispensing head assembly 70 may be secured to the mating container 80 in two dilTerent positions to adapt the container 10d for operation in an upright or inverted position.
  • the twohand trigger 96 is utilized to assure safety of operation in this embodiment where extra capacity supply and high-powered propellant may be utilized.
  • a portable dispenser for particulate material comprising a container for holding a supply of said material, a supply passage extending into said container, a source of pressurized propellant fluid, a venturi nozzle connected to said source at one end and defining a dispensing orifice at the other end, said supply passage being connected to said venturi nozzle at a point of vacuum to create a dispensing operation by sucking said material through said supply passage and by projecting the same at a high velocity and final expansion out said orifice, an expansion chamber at the upstream end of said venturi nozzle to permit said propellant fluid to initially expand prior to entering the restricted portion of said venturi nozzle, a restricted passage upstream of said expansion chamber and valve means upstream of said passage to regulate the flow of said propellant fluid, said passage terminating in a restricted orifice opening into said chamber ejecting high velocity propellant fluid into the same for the initial expansion, and transfer means for interconnecting said pressurized source at said expansion chamber with said container to provide a positive pressure to said material, said pressure being
  • said source of pressurized fluid includes a self-contained tank in said container and a propellant fluid in said tank.
  • interconnecting transfer means includes a restricted passage directly communicating between said expansion chamber and an open space above the supply of material in said container.
  • interconnecting transfer means includes an open interface between an open space above the supply of material in said container and said expansion chamber.
  • said pressurized source includes an intermediate restricted orifice to provide a defined stream of fluid upstream of and directed toward said venturi nozzle and said venturi nozzle includes a lip at said one end to intercept said stream of fluid and to split the same between said nozzle and said open space.
  • a portable dispenser for particulate material capable of adaptation for operation in inverted and upright positions comprising a container for holding a supply of said material having a top formed thereon, a first aperture formed in said top communicating with the space formed above said material when said container is in the upright position, a second aperture formed in said top spaced a selected distance from said first aperture,
  • a dip tube mounted in said second aperture and opening adjacent the bottom of said container, a dispensing head assembly for fitting on said top to dispense said material, a source of pressurized fluid and coupling means on said head assembly adapted to connect said source of pressurized fluid with said head assembly and to selectively engage said first or second aperture to permit withdrawal of said material from the top or the bottom of said container in either the inverted or upright positions, respectively.
  • said source of pressurized fluid includes a self-contained tank in said container and a propellant fluid in said tank.
  • first and second sealing stopper means spaced from said coupling means a distance equal to the selected space between said apertures so as to occupy the one of said apertures not in use by said coupling means for dispensing.
  • first and second transfer passages in communication with said pressurized source and extending to said first and second stopper means, respectively, to provide positive pressure to the space formed above said material of said container for assisting in the dispensing operation.
  • the portable dispenser of claim 10 wherein is provided a third aperture in said top communicating with said pressurized source, second coupling means for connecting said source to said dispensing head assembly, said first coupling means and said first and second sealing stopper means being positioned on a radial arc with respect to said second coupling means, whereby the same pressure source may be utilized for both modes of operation of said head assembly.
  • the portable dispenser of claim 9 wherein is provided an expansion chamber formed in said head assembly, a propellant dispensing head positioned in said expansion chamber, said dispensing head having a fluid transfer stern, a valve on said propellant tank to release said propellant through said transfer stem, a venturi nozzle communicating on one side with said expansion chamber and terminating on the opposite side in a dispensing orifice, said coupling means being connected to said venturi nozzle at a point of vacuum to create a dispensing operation.
  • the portable dispenser of claim 14 wherein is provided a winged operator lever in said head member, rod means engaging the top of said dispensing head, said winged operator lever being pivotally mounted on said operating rod and having lateral wings extending to the opposite sides of said dispensing head assembly, whereby simultaneous engagement by both hands of the operator is required to initiate operation of said dispenser.

Abstract

Particulate material is dispensed from a portable supply container by application of positive pressure in the open space of the container above the material to fluidize the same, and simultaneously, applying a vacuum through a venturi nozzle. The pressurized fluid for feeding the venturi nozzle and for fluidizing the particulate material preferably originates from a single source, a self-contained propellant tank positioned inside the supply container. An expansion chamber is provided at one end of the venturi nozzle and a dispensing orifice is positioned at the other end. Interconnecting transfer means between the expansion chamber and the open space may be a restricted passage or an open interface; in the latter embodiment a stream splitting lip being formed by said one end of said nozzle. A modified embodiment may be operated in either the upright or inverted position by providing alternative dispensing apertures in the top of the supply container for cooperation with a coupling stopper; sealing and transfer stoppers being positioned to automatically close off the unused aperture and supply pressure to the open space of the container.

Description

United States Patent Harden, Jr.
[ 51 Dec. 5, 1972 [541 PORTABLE SANDBLASTER [72] Inventor: Joseph T. Harden, Jr., Richmond,
[73] Assignee: Creative Ideas, lnc., Richmond, Va.
[22] Filed: July 24, 1970 [21] Appl. No.: 58,093
[52] US. Cl. ..222/4, 222/193, 222/402.l7, 239/308, 239/367, 239/397 [51] Int. Cl. ..B05b 7/32 [58] Field of Search ..222/193, 331, 402.17, 4; 239/308, 367, 397
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,435,600 2/1969 Abplanalp ..222/193 3,323 ,686 6/1967 Roth ..222/193 1,881,625 10/1932 Jelliffe et al. ..239/367 X 2,610,433 9/1952 Chisholm et al ..222/193 X 2,675,147 4/1954 Odom ..222/193 3,058,669 10/1962 Drell ..239/308 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,437,550 3/1966 France ..222/308 Primary ExaminerRobert B. Reeves Assistant Examiner-Frederick R. I-Iandren Attorney-Lowe and King ABSTRACT Particulate material is dispensed from a portable supply container by application of positive pressure in the open space of the container above the material to fluidize the same, and simultaneously, applying a vacuum through a venturi nozzle. The pressurized fluid for feeding the venturi nozzle and for fluidizing the particulate material preferably originates from a single source, a self-contained propellant tank positioned inside the supply container. An expansion chamber is provided at one end of the venturi nozzle and a dispensing orifice is positioned at the other end. Interconnecting transfer means between the expansion chamber and the open space may be a restricted passage or an open interface; in the latter embodiment a stream splitting lip being formed by said one end of said nozzle. A modified embodiment may be operated in either the upright or inverted position by providing alternative dispensing apertures in the top of the supply container for cooperation with a coupling stopper; sealing and transfer stoppers being positioned to automatically close off the unused aperture and supply pressure to the open space of the container.
16Claims,7Drawingfigures PATENTED DEC 5 m2 SHEET 2 0F 3 I II II II II II III! II 114 PORTABLE SANDBLASTER The present invention relates to portable dispensers and, more particularly, to improvements in self-contained, Aerosol-type dispenser devices for dispensing particulate material, such as sand and other abrasives.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the art pertaining to sandblasting or abrasive cleaning, it is known to dispense the particulate material through a venturi nozzle. This action accelerates the particles to a maximum speed to thereby increase the kinetic energy of the particles for maximum release momentum and thus maximum cleaning effect as the particles bombard the surface being cleaned. The vacuum generated at or adjacent the point of restriction of the nozzle, that is the point of lowest pressure of the nozzle, is utilized to draw the material from the supply container and into the fast moving stream where the momentum is gained. However, prior to this invention, the dispensing fluid was required to be supplied in large volumes and under great pressure in order to adequately withdraw the material from the container and project it with the necessary velocity to obtain a satisfactory cleaning effect. Accordingly, the use of an Aerosol-type or portable dispensing container for abrasive cleaning with particulate material and similar operations has been impractical. Furthermore, a simple dispensing head for quick conversion of an Aerosoltype container to permit inversion of the container to reach hard-to-get places has previously been unavailable.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, a container is provided for holding the supply of the particulate material with an inner tank holding the Aerosoltype propellant. A dispensing head is provided on the container and includes an expansion chamber, a venturi nozzle and a dispensing orifice aligned in that order. A supply passage intersects the venturi nozzle at a position of negative pressure; i.e., point of vacuum, to draw the particulate material into the fluid stream and thereby dispense the same through the dispensing orifice. In accordance with the invention, another passage communicating with the expansion chamber or a point of high pressure, feeds high pressure propellant gas to the interior of the container to fluidize the material and assist in causing the same to flow or be carried through the dip tube and into the venturi nozzle. With this arrangement, it has been found possible to provide a successful Aerosol-type Sandblasting or abrading apparatus; whereas, heretofore larger volumes and pressures of the carrier fluid were required. Other uses within the broad purview of the invention, include use of the device for coating a surface with particulate material or any other system where the projection of the particles is desired.
Several embodiments of the dispensing head are provided by features of the present invention. In one embodiment, the dispensing fluid is projected into a closed expansion chamber through an intermediate orifice whereby the fluid in a liquid state is permitted to vaporize; a portion of the gas formed then proceeding at high velocity through the venturi nozzle and the other portion being transferred to the supply container to fluidize the material. In another embodiment, the expansion chamber is interconnected with the open space of the supply container by an open interface. The defined stream of fluid from the intermediate propellant orifice is preferably split by a projecting lip of the venturi nozzle to assure adequate supply of fluid for both fluidizing the material and operation of the venturi nozzle. A third embodiment of the dispensing head assembly includes an integral expansion chamber, venturi nozzle and dispensing orifice pivotally mounted on the container. The assembly is connected at a point spaced from the pivot to the valve of the propellant container and has an operating thumb lever for depressing said assembly to cause release of the propellant.
In accordance with another feature of the present invention, a detachable dispensing head assembly is provided to adapt a supply container for operation in either the upright or inverted positions. In operation, the supply passage for the material is positioned in a first aperture in the top of the container having a dip tube so that conventional upright operation may be obtained. When the container is to be inverted to operate on hard to reach areas, the supply tube is shifted to an open aperture having no dip tube and thus adapted to feed the particulate material shifted to the top of the container. Auxiliary stoppers are provided to engage the non-selected aperture and are provided with transfer passages communicating with the expansion chamber for pressurizing the corresponding open space within the supply container and thereby fluidizing the particulate material for efficient dispensing. A winged operating plunger is provided to actuate the propellant dispensing head so as to assure two-hand contact of the operator; this feature being important especially when utilizing this embodiment as a large capacity and high propellant power model.
OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is one object of the present invention to provide a portable dispenser for sandblasting or similar operations having improved operating characteristics to dispense the particulate material at increased efficiency.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a portable dispenser for particulate material wherein the material is fluidized with positive pressure and simultaneously sucked with a vacuum for more efficient feeding of the material to the dispensing or discharge orifice.
It is another object of the present invention to provide self-contained dispensing apparatus utilizing negative pressure through the use of a venturi nozzle and fluidizing by positive pressure to feed and dispense particulate material at high velocity for cleaning or the like.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a dispensing head and container combination having mating parts for quick connection with either a dip tube or top opening to allow operation in the upright and inverted positions.
Still other objects and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following detailed description, wherein I have shown and described only the preferred embodiments of the invention, simply by way of illustration of the best modes contemplated by me of carrying out my invention. As will be realized, the invention is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modification in various obvious respects, all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of the portable dispenser device constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the dispenser device of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of still another embodiment of the dispenser device constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view from below illustrating a dispenser head assembly of still another embodiment of the invention and adapted for upright or inverted operation in accordance with important features of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a container adapted to mate with the dispensing head assembly of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the dispensing head and container of FIGS. 4 and 5 in matin g engagement, with the combination being orientated in the inverted position and ready for operation; and
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 6- 6 of FIG. 5 illustrating the valving system of this embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION With reference now to FIG. 1 of the drawings, a more complete and detailed review of the construction of a first embodiment of the present invention can be given. A portable dispenser, or as it has come to be known in the trade, an Aerosol dispenser device 10 is provided and comprises an outer container 11 holding a supply of particulate material 12 to be dispensed and an inner tank 13 holding a supply of propellant 14. The container 11 and tank 13 may be of conventional fabrication, such as tin metal, although other materials, such as plastics and aluminum, may be utilized if desired. The top and bottom of the container 11 are appropriately sealed at the joints and around the top of the inner tank 13 so as to provide an airtight sealed structure. Also, the particulate material 12 to be dispensed may be a conventional abrasive, such as silicon oxide or sand, or a specialized abrasive such as silicon carbide or aluminum oxide. In any case, the material 12 should be dry and sufficiently large in particle size to be capable of being fluidized, as will be seen later in detail.
It may be desirable to include silica gel capsules 15 or the like to absorb any moisture in the supply. The propellant 14 may be any of the conventional fluorinated hydrocarbons, sold under the trademark F REON by the Dupont Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware. The specific fluorinated hydrocarbon, dichlordifluoromethane, is particularly suitable for its high molecular weight and high vapor pressure in that it affords greater propelling force to the particulate matter, and thus higher dispensing efficiency.
A clip tube 20 is positioned in the inner tank 13 to withdraw the propellant 14 in a liquid state; a positive vapor pressure existing in the open space at the top of said tank 13 to force the liquid out. The liquid is dispensed through a valve 21 having hollow valve element 22; the propellant 14 passing by reason of lateral openings 23 into said element 22 when depressed, as shown in FIG. 1. It will be understood that when the element 22 is released, spring 24 causes a return of the element 22 into the top of the valve 21 thereby blocking off the openings 23.
A propellant dispensing head or cap 27 is provided on top of the element 22 for engagement by the hand or finger of the operator. A release passageway 28 terminates at an intermediate restricted orifice 29 which opens into an expansion chamber, generally designated by the reference numeral 30.
The expansion chamber 30 is a part of a dispensing head assembly 31 and is formed by a tubular housing extension 35 integral with a venturi nozzle, generally designated by the reference numeral 36. The nozzle, also a part of the head assembly 31, includes an entrance section 37, a restricted portion 38, and a final expanding section 39, which forms a dispensing orifice An interconnecting transfer passage 45 is provided in the body of the nozzle 36 and communicates through the entrance section 37 with the expansion chamber 30 where the propellant has expanded and exists at a relatively high pressure. The other end of the passage 45 opens into the open space above the level of particulate material 12, as shown in FIG. 1.
A supply passage 46, also formed in the head assembly 31, communicates with the restricted portion 38 of the nozzle 36 and thereby is subject to the lowest pressure of the propellant fluid, due to the well known Bernoullis effect. In short, the effect can be stated as the Equation:
PV+Vzmv =C; 1 wherein it can be seen that for a given volume of fluid, pressure energy (PV) plus kinetic energy (lmv is equal to a constant. As the kinetic energy (velocity and thus momentum) increases, it follows that the pressure must decrease proportional to the velocity squared due to the volume remaining the same. Thus, the pressure at the mouth of the supply passage 46 is subatmospheric (a vacuum) and the material 12 in the passage 46 will be sucked into the flow stream through the nozzle 36 and projected through the dispensing orifice 40. The lower end of the supply passage 46 is connected to a dip tube 47 to permit the supply of particulate material 12 to be drawn from the bottom of the container 11. The passage is restricted to assure sufficient fluid passing through the nozzle 36 to generate the desired high velocity and low pressure for the venturi effect. However, the gas passing through the passage 45 into the container 11 is also sufficient to fluidize the material in and adjacent the end of the dip tube 47 and, as will presently be seen, this combination of dispensing actions greatly increases the ability of the dispenser device 10 of the present invention to operate on particulate or granular matter which is recognized as being difficult to move in this environment.
To describe the overall operation, the propellant 14 is first forced up through its dip tube 20 and through the valve 21 and passageway 28 to expansion chamber 30 when the cap 27 is depressed. The liquid exiting from the intermediate orifice 29 immediately expands to form a gaseous vapor at a high pressure and seeks to flow into the nozzle 36, as shown by the flow arrows. The expanding gas travels directly ahead toward the restricted portion 38 where the high velocity, low pressure flow occurs due to Bemoullis principle. However, a portion of the flow is diverted through interconnecting transfer passage 45 into the open space above the particulate material 12 in the container 11. Since the fluid is a gas at high pressure and the particulate material is sufficiently large to allow the gas to pass through the interstices between the particles, the gas flows down to the lower end of the dip tube 47 and then upwardly toward the passage 46. This gas fluidizing, that is, surrounding of the particles in the supply by the gas, and particularly in the region surrounding the lower end of the dip tube 47 just as it begins to travel upwardly, enhances the dispensing operation by preventing blockage of the flow of the supply. Also, the material is being fluidized as it travels up the dip tube 47 so that it is in effect, being lifted or carried upwardly in the stream of gas for dispensing. From the mouth of the supply passage 46 connected to the upper end of the dip tube 47, it will be remembered that the lower pressure generated by the nozzle 36 at the same time is sucking the fluidized material into the high velocity stream. Thence, the material is dispensed through the orifice 40 for performing the sandblasting or related operation.
An alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 2 and will now be described, with the like elements being given the same reference numerals plus a suffix and with additional elements being identified by additional reference numerals. The container 11a is formed in two sections, an upper section 48 and a lower section 49 with a suitable airtight joint 50 being formed therebetween.
With this arrangement, the upper section 48 of the container 110 may be removed to allow insertion of the propellant tank 13a with a fresh charge and so that additional particulate material 12 may be placed in the container 1 la. The upper section 48 is formed with annular sealing joint 51 to maintain the container 11a in a condition to be pressurized and to thereby cause the particulate material 12 to flow through the dispensing orifice 400 with the maximum force being gained from both the fluidizing and sucking actions.
The venturi nozzle 36a in the dispensing head assembly 31a is modified version of the nozzle 36, shown in FIG. 1. First, the supply passage 46a opens downstream of the restricted portion 380 of the nozzle. Of importance is that the side walls of the expanding section 390 leading to the orifice 400 are set back so as to provide a completely free stream; and the supply passage 46a intersects the nozzle 460 at a position of negative pressure or vacuum, but downstream of the restricted portion 380.
Because of the space existing between the side walls of section 390 and the orifice 40a, operation on larger sized particulate material 12 is possible. This is so since the position of entrance of the particles into the high velocity flow stream is less restricted and thus allows a greater volume of particulate material to turn the comer for propulsion through the orifice 40a.
The fast moving stream defined by the restriction 38a in effect creates a boundary layer along the side walls of the section 39a to draw the fluid suspended particulate material into the stream. That is, the outer boundary of the stream tends to draw or suck the surrounding fluid and suspended matter into itself, and accordingly, the vacuum effect at the supply passage 46a is maintained for efiicient feeding and delivery of the fluidized particulate material. The sides of the expanding section 39a of the nozzle are not sufiiciently long to permit attachment of the flow stream to one side however; i.e., the fluid at the stepped portion of the orifice 40a will not be trapped sufficiently to provide a captive vacuum to cause the stream to lock-on to one of the side walls.
The lower portion of the nozzle 36a is provided with a projecting lip 55 to split the stream issuing from the intermediate orifice 29a to assure adequate supply of fluid for both fluidizing the supply and operation of the venturi nozzle 36a (see flow arrows).
Still another embodiment of the Aerosol container device 1 is shown in FIG. 3. In this instance, the venturi nozzle has been designated by numeral 36b and is formed-as an integral structure with the head assembly 31b, which is pivotally mounted on the top of said container 11b by a pivot pin 60. The transfer passage 45b for diverting a portion of the pressurized fluid from the expansion chamber 30b is curved toward the expansion chamber 301: so as to assure a sufiicient supply of the fluid being scooped and thus supplied to said transfer passage 45b and the open space above the material in the container 11b. The tubing or body forming the transfer passage 45b and the supply passage 46b is sufficiently flexible (plastic or the like) to permit pivoting of the head assembly 31b about the pin 60. When the operator thus engages the rearwardly extending lever 61, the valve 21b of this embodiment is unseated or opened in response to the downward movement of the rear of the assembly 31b toward said valve 21b and discharge of the propellant fluid into the expansion chamber 30b takes place. A convenient handle for the Aerosol container device 10 is provided by molding a hand hold opening 63, as shown in FIG. 3.
During operation, pressurized fluid is prevented from escaping except through the supply passage 46b by means of the sealing joint 51. As in the two previous embodiments, this causes the open space above the material to become highly pressurized thereby causing the particulate material in the bottom of the container to be saturated with the gas and fluidized, whereby the movement around the lower end and through the dip tube 47b and supply passage 46b is greatly enchanced. The fluidization of the particles is of advantage in the region surrounding the lower end of the dip tube since with the particles being suspended in the gas, a blockage of the tube by jamming of the particles together is prevented Suspension of the particles in the tube 47b and passage 46b also prevents blockage, as well as generating positive feeding or lifting force for the paiticles, as discussed earlier.
The embodiment of FIGS. 4-7 includes a detachable dispensing head assembly, generally designated by the reference numeral 70. As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 6, the supply passage 460 of this embodiment of the invention intersects the restriction 38c of the venturi nozzle 360 but has a coupling stopper 71 mounted on the lower end thereof rather than a dip tube. The coupling stopper 71 is flanked by two sealing and transfer stoppers 72, 73 each of which has a transfer passage 74, 75 extending axially therethrough and connected to the venturi nozzle 360, as shown in FIG. 4. As in the embodiment of FIG. 1, these passages 74, 75 are thus in communication with the positive pressure of the expansion chamber 30c.
A coupling sleeve 76 provided at the rear of the assembly 70 positions the container 80 with respect to upstanding fluid transfer stem 77. On this stem 77 is mounted propellant dispensing cap 270, which may be identical to the cap 27a utilized in the FIG. 2 embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, the stoppers 7l-73 are centered on a radial arc having a radius R taken about the center of the coupling sleeve 76 and the stem 77 and are equally spaced from each other.
In FIG. 5 is shown the plan view of the top of a mating container 80 operable with the dispensing head assembly 70. A first recessed aperture 82 is provided just above the center line of the top 81 to receive the center coupling stopper 71 in one mode of operation. The recessed aperture 82 is provided with a centrally located dip tube 83 which is positioned by an annular disc s as to mate in operation with the feed tube 460.
A second recessed aperture 84 is provided just below the center line of the top 81 and is open for direct communication with the space within the container 80 (see FIG. 6). Closed recesses 85, 86 flank the apertures 82, 84, respectively, and the recesses and apertures are positioned along the same radius R, as described with respect to FIG. 4. Furthermore, spacing d between the apertures 82, 84 and spacing d,, d, between the same and the recesses 85, 86 are equal to each other and to the spacings between the stoppers 71-73 (FIG. 4).
A third recessed aperture 87 is provided at the rear of the top 81 with which communication with the propellant tank 13c is made (FIG. 6). The mating coupling sleeve 76 assures easy mounting of the assembly 70 in the proper position on the tank 130 so that the stem 77 is set to operate the valve 210 when depressed.
Thus, it can be seen that the assembly 70 of FIG. 4 may be placed in operating relationship on the container 80 with the stoppers 71-73 and guide sleeve 76 in mating relationship with recessed apertures 82, 84, and 87, respectively, and at least one of the closed recesses 85, 86, as will now be described.
When the container 80 is to be operated in the upright position, the dispensing head assembly 70 is placed on top of the container 80 so that the sleeve 76 mates with the rear aperture 87, the stopper 71 mates with the aperture 82 with the dip tube 83 (just above the center line in FIG. 5) and the stoppers 72, 73, respectively mate with aperture 84, just below the center line, and the closed recess 85. Thus, when the expansion chamber 300 is pressurized through the propellant dispensing cap 270 and the venturi noule 36c is placed in operation, the particulate material in the container 80 will be withdrawn and dispensed in a manner comparable to the embodiments of FIGS. 1-3. That is, a suction is provided through the passage 46c and the dip tube 83 and positive fluidizing pressure is provided through passage 74 to aperture 84 and thence to the open space above the particulate material 12.
5 jacent a floor or other obstruction. In this mode, the
stopper 71 is first repositioned along the radial arc to cooperate with the open aperture 84 so that when the particulate material 12 is shifted by gravity to the top of the container 80 it is in direct communication with the feed tube 46c. The stopper 73 is now positioned in engagement with the aperture 82 having the dip tube 83 so as to provide positive pressure therethrough. Since the dip tube 83 extends above the level of the particulate material 12 (see FIG. 6) the same pressurization of the open space as described above occurs and fluidization for maximum dispensing efficiency takes place; the closed recess 86 properly sealing off the stopper 72 and thus the passage 74.
When the propellant tank 130 is in the inverted mode, the dip tube 200 is now exposed to the vapor phase of the propellant rather than the liquid phase as in the other embodiments (see FIG. 6). This mode of dispensing of the propellant is suitable where the propellant tank 130 is large and efficient heat transfer occurs to prevent the temperature of the liquid phase from falling below the threshold temperature where the vapor pressure is drastically reduced. In certain applications, it has been found desirable to form a relatively small lateral hole 89 in the dip tube 20c adjacent the valve 210 so that both liquid and vapor phase propellant are withdrawn in either the inverted or upright positions. Preferably, the size of the hold 89 is selected so that the same liquid/vapor proportion is withdraw from the hole 89 and the opening at the bottom of the dip tube 200 in either selected position.
As best shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the dispensing head assembly and the container may be conveniently coupled together in either selected position by providing latches 90 at the front and rear. The latches selected may be of the over-center type wherein hooks 91 are provided at the front and rear of the container 80 (see FIGS. 5 and 6) and an extra hook 92 is provided at the front (see FIG. 5). A U-shaped latch element 93 is attached to pivotal lever 94 so as to go into an over-center position with respect to the pivot point of lever 94 when the latches 90 are secured. There is designed sufficient deformability or flexibility in the latch element 93 to permit the slight misalignment of the forward surfaces of the dispensing head assembly 70 and the container 80 as the former is latched into either the upright or inverted modes of operation in engagement with either of the forward hooks 91, 92, respectively.
The rear of the expansion chamber 30c of the head assembly 70 is sealed by a removable plug 95. During the assembly of the parts this permits the cap 270 to be positioned within said expansion chamber 30c. The walls of the expansion chamber 30c are sealed against escape of pressure around the stem 77 and other points by the requisite close fit of parts, or if necessary, suita ble O-ring structure may be provided.
In order to depress the cap 270 for release of the propellant from the tank 13c, a trigger, generally designated by the reference numeral 96, is positioned in the top of the dispensing head assembly 70. A
reciprocating rod 97 of the trigger 96 extends through the upper wall of the chamber 300 and is mated with the top of the cap 27c. Pivotally mounted on the free end of the rod 97 is winged lever 99 having wings extending outwardly toward the sides of the head assembly 70, as shown in FIG. 7. The double winged lever 99 may be spring biased to a center position or freely pivotal, as shown in the drawings. The important fact is that the depressing of only one side of the trigger 96 does not result in activating movement of the rod 97 since the other end of the lever 99 would simply be raised.
Suitable openings 100, 101 are provided in the sides of the head assembly 70 adjacent the trigger 96. These openings 100, 101 provide a convenient position for insertion of the fingers, when the device 10 is being operated in the upright position, or a position for the thumbs when the container 10d is being operated in the inverted position, as shown in FIG. 6. In the upright position, it will be recognized that the thumbs of the operator are free to engage the adjacent wings of the lever 99 so that the operating rod 97 may be depressed thus releasing the propellant gas to operate the device 10. In the inverted position, one of the fingers of each hand of the operator naturally falls on the adjacent wing of the lever 99 thereby operating the device 10. The safety feature of this arrangement will be recognized since both hands must be securely in position before the device of the invention can be operated.
Although all embodiments of the device 10 of the present invention may be made with any capacity and with any amount of propellant force, the embodiment of FIGS. 4-7 is particularly adapted for high capacity uses. For example, the container may be designed to hold in the neighborhood of one-half to two cubic feed of particulate material and the propellant may be charged as high as approximately 200 pounds per square inch. This gives the operator the ability to operate on a large area of surface to be cleaned or abraded with the power normally attributed only to machines of the non-portable type.
In summary of the foregoing, it can be seen that a highly efficient portable dispenser for particulate material has been provided. The material is propelled from the venturi nozzle 36-360 with the combination of vacuum lift action and fluidizing and suspension lift of the particles by a positive pressure applied into the open space above the supply. The venturi nozzle 36-360 and the expansion chambers 30-300 are made in different embodiments so as to best suit the particular application needed. The detachable dispensing head assembly 70 may be secured to the mating container 80 in two dilTerent positions to adapt the container 10d for operation in an upright or inverted position. The twohand trigger 96 is utilized to assure safety of operation in this embodiment where extra capacity supply and high-powered propellant may be utilized.
In this disclosure, there is shown and described only the preferred embodiments of the invention, but, as aforementioned, it is to be understood that the invention is capable of various changes or modifications within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein.
lclaim:
1. A portable dispenser for particulate material comprising a container for holding a supply of said material, a supply passage extending into said container, a source of pressurized propellant fluid, a venturi nozzle connected to said source at one end and defining a dispensing orifice at the other end, said supply passage being connected to said venturi nozzle at a point of vacuum to create a dispensing operation by sucking said material through said supply passage and by projecting the same at a high velocity and final expansion out said orifice, an expansion chamber at the upstream end of said venturi nozzle to permit said propellant fluid to initially expand prior to entering the restricted portion of said venturi nozzle, a restricted passage upstream of said expansion chamber and valve means upstream of said passage to regulate the flow of said propellant fluid, said passage terminating in a restricted orifice opening into said chamber ejecting high velocity propellant fluid into the same for the initial expansion, and transfer means for interconnecting said pressurized source at said expansion chamber with said container to provide a positive pressure to said material, said pressure being sufficient to flow through said material and to thereby fluidize said material in said container and said supply passage for assisting in the material movement to said nozzle to enhance the efficiency of the dispensing operation.
2. The portable dispenser of claim 1 wherein said source of pressurized fluid includes a self-contained tank in said container and a propellant fluid in said tank.
3. The portable dispenser of claim 2 wherein said interconnecting transfer means includes a restricted passage directly communicating between said expansion chamber and an open space above the supply of material in said container.
4. The portable dispenser of claim 1 wherein said interconnecting transfer means includes an open interface between an open space above the supply of material in said container and said expansion chamber.
5. The portable dispenser of claim 4 wherein said pressurized source includes an intermediate restricted orifice to provide a defined stream of fluid upstream of and directed toward said venturi nozzle and said venturi nozzle includes a lip at said one end to intercept said stream of fluid and to split the same between said nozzle and said open space.
6. The portable dispenser of claim 1 wherein said expansion chamber, venturi nozzle and dispensing orifice are formed as an integral dispensing head.
7. The portable dispenser of claim 6 wherein said dispensing head is pivotally mounted on said container at a pivot axis spaced from said valve, said valve being connected to said expansion chamber and being operable to an open position when depressed, and means for pivoting said head toward said valve to operate the same.
8. A portable dispenser for particulate material capable of adaptation for operation in inverted and upright positions comprising a container for holding a supply of said material having a top formed thereon, a first aperture formed in said top communicating with the space formed above said material when said container is in the upright position, a second aperture formed in said top spaced a selected distance from said first aperture,
a dip tube mounted in said second aperture and opening adjacent the bottom of said container, a dispensing head assembly for fitting on said top to dispense said material, a source of pressurized fluid and coupling means on said head assembly adapted to connect said source of pressurized fluid with said head assembly and to selectively engage said first or second aperture to permit withdrawal of said material from the top or the bottom of said container in either the inverted or upright positions, respectively.
9. The portable dispenser defined in claim 8 wherein said source of pressurized fluid includes a self-contained tank in said container and a propellant fluid in said tank.
10. The portable dispenser of claim 9 wherein is further provided first and second sealing stopper means spaced from said coupling means a distance equal to the selected space between said apertures so as to occupy the one of said apertures not in use by said coupling means for dispensing.
11. The portable dispenser of claim 10 wherein is further provided first and second transfer passages in communication with said pressurized source and extending to said first and second stopper means, respectively, to provide positive pressure to the space formed above said material of said container for assisting in the dispensing operation.
12. The portable dispenser of claim 11 wherein is further provided first and second depressions in said top spaced to the outside of said apertures the selected distance to receive the sealing stopper means not being utilized to cooperate with one of said apertures and to block off said transfer passages.
13. The portable dispenser of claim 10 wherein is provided a third aperture in said top communicating with said pressurized source, second coupling means for connecting said source to said dispensing head assembly, said first coupling means and said first and second sealing stopper means being positioned on a radial arc with respect to said second coupling means, whereby the same pressure source may be utilized for both modes of operation of said head assembly.
14. The portable dispenser of claim 9 wherein is provided an expansion chamber formed in said head assembly, a propellant dispensing head positioned in said expansion chamber, said dispensing head having a fluid transfer stern, a valve on said propellant tank to release said propellant through said transfer stem, a venturi nozzle communicating on one side with said expansion chamber and terminating on the opposite side in a dispensing orifice, said coupling means being connected to said venturi nozzle at a point of vacuum to create a dispensing operation.
15. The portable dispenser of claim 14 wherein is provided a winged operator lever in said head member, rod means engaging the top of said dispensing head, said winged operator lever being pivotally mounted on said operating rod and having lateral wings extending to the opposite sides of said dispensing head assembly, whereby simultaneous engagement by both hands of the operator is required to initiate operation of said dispenser.
16. The portable dispenser of claim 8 wherein is further provided deformable latch means to secure said dispensing head assembly and said container together in an operative condition for use in either of said positions.

Claims (16)

1. A portable dispenser for particulate material comprising a container for holding a supply of said material, a supply passage extending into said container, a source of pressurized propellant fluid, a venturi nozzle connected to said source at one end and defining a dispensing orifice at the other end, said supply passage being connected to said venturi nozzle at a point of vacuum to create a dispensing operation by sucking said material through said supply passage and by projecting the same at a high velocity and final expansion out said orifice, an expansion chamber at the upstream end of said venturi nozzle to permit said propellant fluid to initially expand prior to entering the restricted portion of said venturi nozzle, a restricted passage upstream of said expansion chamber and valve means upstream of said passage to regulate the flow of said propellant fluid, said passage terminating in a restricted orifice opening into said chamber ejecting high velocity propellant fluid into the same for the initial expansion, and transfer means for interconnecting said pressurized source at said expansion chamber with said container to provide a positive pressure to said material, said pressure being sufficient to flow through said material and to thereby fluidize said material in said container and said supply passage for assisting in the material movement to said nozzle to enhance the efficiency of the dispensing operation.
2. The portable dispenser of claim 1 wherein said source of pressurized fluid includes a self-contained tank in said container and a propellant fluid in said tank.
3. The portable dispenser of claim 2 wherein said interconnecting transfer means includes a restricted passage directly communicating between said expansion chamber and an open space above the supply of material in said container.
4. The portable dispenser of claim 1 wherein said interconnecting transfer means includes an open interface between an open space above the supply of material in said container and said expansion chamber.
5. The portable dispenser of claim 4 wherein said pressurized source includes an intermediate restricted orifice to provide a defined stream of fluid upstream of and directed toward said venturi nozzle and said venturi nozzle includes a lip at said one end to intercept said stream of fluid and to split the same between said nozzle and said open space.
6. The portable dispenser of claim 1 wherein said expansion chamber, venturi nozzle and dispensing orifice are formed as an integral dispensing head.
7. The portable dispenser of claim 6 wherein said dispensing head is pivotally mounted on said container at a pivot axis spaced from said valve, said valve being connected to said expansion chamber and being operable to an open position when depressed, and means for pivoting said head toward said valve to operate the same.
8. A portable dispenser for particulate material capable of adaptation for operation in inverted and upright positions comprising a container for holding a supply of said material having a top formed thereon, a first aperture formed in said top communicating with the space formed above said material when said container is in the upright position, a second aperture formed in said top spaced a selected distance from said first aperture, a dip tube mounted in said second aperture and opening adjacent the bottom of said container, a dispensing head assembly for fitting on said top to dispense said material, a source of pressurized fluid and coupling means on said head assembly adapted to connect said soUrce of pressurized fluid with said head assembly and to selectively engage said first or second aperture to permit withdrawal of said material from the top or the bottom of said container in either the inverted or upright positions, respectively.
9. The portable dispenser defined in claim 8 wherein said source of pressurized fluid includes a self-contained tank in said container and a propellant fluid in said tank.
10. The portable dispenser of claim 9 wherein is further provided first and second sealing stopper means spaced from said coupling means a distance equal to the selected space between said apertures so as to occupy the one of said apertures not in use by said coupling means for dispensing.
11. The portable dispenser of claim 10 wherein is further provided first and second transfer passages in communication with said pressurized source and extending to said first and second stopper means, respectively, to provide positive pressure to the space formed above said material of said container for assisting in the dispensing operation.
12. The portable dispenser of claim 11 wherein is further provided first and second depressions in said top spaced to the outside of said apertures the selected distance to receive the sealing stopper means not being utilized to cooperate with one of said apertures and to block off said transfer passages.
13. The portable dispenser of claim 10 wherein is provided a third aperture in said top communicating with said pressurized source, second coupling means for connecting said source to said dispensing head assembly, said first coupling means and said first and second sealing stopper means being positioned on a radial arc with respect to said second coupling means, whereby the same pressure source may be utilized for both modes of operation of said head assembly.
14. The portable dispenser of claim 9 wherein is provided an expansion chamber formed in said head assembly, a propellant dispensing head positioned in said expansion chamber, said dispensing head having a fluid transfer stem, a valve on said propellant tank to release said propellant through said transfer stem, a venturi nozzle communicating on one side with said expansion chamber and terminating on the opposite side in a dispensing orifice, said coupling means being connected to said venturi nozzle at a point of vacuum to create a dispensing operation.
15. The portable dispenser of claim 14 wherein is provided a winged operator lever in said head member, rod means engaging the top of said dispensing head, said winged operator lever being pivotally mounted on said operating rod and having lateral wings extending to the opposite sides of said dispensing head assembly, whereby simultaneous engagement by both hands of the operator is required to initiate operation of said dispenser.
16. The portable dispenser of claim 8 wherein is further provided deformable latch means to secure said dispensing head assembly and said container together in an operative condition for use in either of said positions.
US58093A 1970-07-24 1970-07-24 Portable sandblaster Expired - Lifetime US3704811A (en)

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US20150129674A1 (en) * 2011-08-30 2015-05-14 Mccormick & Company, Incorporated Particulate sprayer
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US9435120B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-09-06 Homax Products, Inc. Acoustic ceiling popcorn texture materials, systems, and methods
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US20160310977A1 (en) * 2013-12-11 2016-10-27 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dispensing Container
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