US3749886A - Electrical heating pad - Google Patents

Electrical heating pad Download PDF

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Publication number
US3749886A
US3749886A US00204860A US3749886DA US3749886A US 3749886 A US3749886 A US 3749886A US 00204860 A US00204860 A US 00204860A US 3749886D A US3749886D A US 3749886DA US 3749886 A US3749886 A US 3749886A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
conductive sheet
envelope
conductive
channel
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00204860A
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D Michaelsen
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Dale Electronics Inc
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Dale Electronics Inc
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Assigned to NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, BANK HAPOALIM, B.M. AND BAN LEUMI, B.M., MANUFACTURERS BANK OF DETROIT, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION AS AGENT FOR AND IN BEHALF OF MANUFACTURERS NATIONAL BANK OF DETROIT, FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK, N.A., PROVIDENT NATIONAL BANK, MELLON BANK (EAST), NA reassignment NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, BANK HAPOALIM, B.M. AND BAN LEUMI, B.M. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DALE ELECTRONICS, INC., A CORP. OF DE.
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F7/02—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F2007/0001—Body part
    • A61F2007/0039—Leg or parts thereof
    • A61F2007/0045—Foot

Definitions

  • An electrically conductive sheet of flexible material includesconductive particles and channel-shaped electrodes are provided on opposite ends and are connected by lead wires to a power source.
  • a flexible'insulating envelope is bonded to and protects the conductive sheet. Holes may be provided in the conductive sheet to facilitate bonding between the protective cover and the conductive sheet.
  • the conductive particles may be carbon and the sheet may be formed from fibrous material or rubbeL
  • the protective sheet may be moldedfrom plastic or rubber having a very low carbon content.
  • One of the most important uses is for maintaining a battery at the optimum temperature level to maximize the battery power available for starting engines.
  • the heating pad of this invention contains no wires or ribbons and will not develop hot spots and burn out: There is basically nothingto breakfandcanKbecome partially damaged and still function. Theelectrical properties remain unchanged by the unit being exposed to dampness and then redrying. Further, repeated flexing has little effect on the electrical properties.
  • the conductive element has uniform conductivity from point to point over the element regardless of the direction of current flow. Also, very important is the fact that the heater unit can be produced more inexpensively than a conventional wire-wound heater unit.
  • the heater unit of this invention includes a sheet of conductive material which is highly flexible and has channel-shaped electrodes at opposite ends connected to lead lines adapted to be connected to a power source.
  • the heatingv pad includes a flexible electrically conductive sheet 12. Suitable materials include rubber having carbon particles impregnated therein in sufficient quantities to make the sheet electrically conductive. Temsheet produced by Armstrong Cork Company, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, is also acceptable.
  • a channel-shaped electrode 14 is secured to the opposite ends of'the sheet 12 and bonded in place by any suitable means such as the staples l6, seen in FIG. 2.
  • the electrodes 14 are preferably brass.
  • An electrical lead line 16 includes one line 18 connected to one electrode while the other line 20 is connected to the opposite electrode 14.
  • a rivet and solder connection 22 is used for connecting the lead line wires I envelope 24 of insulating material such as rubber hav-' ing no carbon or very little carbon.
  • a flexible plastic may also be used.
  • the conductive sheet 12 is com-- pletely sealed within the protective envelope 24 by a molding or vulcani zing process. Openings 26 are pro-.
  • the use of synthetic natural rubber or plastic in the envelope 24 provides resistance and protection against the action of solvents, acids, and moisture making the heating pad very suitable for industrial applications including the warming of batteries. "It is further seen that there is essentially nothing to break in this heatingpad as there are no wires or ribbons to break. Further, the" carbon impregnated resistance sheet of the battery heater of this invention can be produced more economically than a wound-wire battery' heater.
  • An electrical heating pad comprising,
  • an electrically conductive sheet of flexible material an envelope of electrically insulative flexible material molded onto and enclosing said sheet, said envelope having a size larger than said sheet so that said.

Abstract

An electrically conductive sheet of flexible material includes conductive particles and channel-shaped electrodes are provided on opposite ends and are connected by lead wires to a power source. A flexible insulating envelope is bonded to and protects the conductive sheet. Holes may be provided in the conductive sheet to facilitate bonding between the protective cover and the conductive sheet. The conductive particles may be carbon and the sheet may be formed from fibrous material or rubber. The protective sheet may be molded from plastic or rubber having a very low carbon content.

Description

United States Patent [1 1 Michaelsen ELECTRICAL HEATING PAD [75] Inventor: Dwight W. Michaelsen, Columbus,
Nebr.
[73] Assignee: Dale Electronics, Inc., Columbus,
Nebr.
22 Filed: Dec. 6, 1971 2 11 Appl. No.: 204,860
521 U.S. 01...; 219/s 28', 2197541, 2'19/543,
219/549, 338/212 [51] Int. Cl. 1105b 3/36 [58] Field of Search 219/211, 212, 213,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,458,184 1/1949 Marick 219/543 X 3,344,385 9/1967 Bartos et a1 338/212 3,535,494 10/1970 Armbruster.. 219/528 3,558,858 1/1971 Luger, Jr. 219/528 3,627,981 12/1971 Kuhn 219/549 X 3,697,728 10/1972 Stirzenbecher 219/548 2,473,183 6/1949 Watson 219/543 2,688,070
8/1954 Freedlander 219/528 [451 July 31, 1973 Glicksman 219/528 X 3,281,579 10/1966- 3,367,851 2/1968 Filreis et al. 204/2 3,283,284 11/1966 Eisler 338/212 2,938,992 5/1960 Crump 219/528 3,385,959 5/1968 Ames et 219/549 2,559,077 7/1951 Johnson et a1..... 219/543 2,952,761 9/1960 Smith-Johannsen.. 219/541 3,359,524 12/1967 Gallacher et a1. 219/528 X Primary Examiner-,-Volodymyr Y. Mayewsky Attorney- Zar1ey, McKeejtitThomte 1 I [5 7 ABSTRACT An electrically conductive sheet of flexible material includesconductive particles and channel-shaped electrodes are provided on opposite ends and are connected by lead wires to a power source. A flexible'insulating envelope is bonded to and protects the conductive sheet. Holes may be provided in the conductive sheet to facilitate bonding between the protective cover and the conductive sheet. The conductive particles may be carbon and the sheet may be formed from fibrous material or rubbeLThe protective sheet may be moldedfrom plastic or rubber having a very low carbon content.
1 Claim, 2 Drawing Figures ELECTRICAL HEATING PAD Portable heaters are commonly used in and out of doors. Inside they may be used for a desk top warmer, desk foot warmer, foot stool warmer or for heating pads. Winter conditions outside make them desirale for windshield deicers, seat warmers and cat and dog house warmers.
One of the most important uses is for maintaining a battery at the optimum temperature level to maximize the battery power available for starting engines.
The heating pad of this invention contains no wires or ribbons and will not develop hot spots and burn out: There is basically nothingto breakfandcanKbecome partially damaged and still function. Theelectrical properties remain unchanged by the unit being exposed to dampness and then redrying. Further, repeated flexing has little effect on the electrical properties. The conductive element has uniform conductivity from point to point over the element regardless of the direction of current flow. Also, very important is the fact that the heater unit can be produced more inexpensively than a conventional wire-wound heater unit.
The heater unit of this invention includes a sheet of conductive material which is highly flexible and has channel-shaped electrodes at opposite ends connected to lead lines adapted to be connected to a power source.
This invention consists in the construction, arrangements and combination of the various parts of the device, whereby the-objects contemplated-are attained as hereinafter more fully set forth, specifically pointed out in the claims, and illustrated inthe accompanying ally in FIG. 1 by the reference numeral 10. The heatingv pad includes a flexible electrically conductive sheet 12. Suitable materials include rubber having carbon particles impregnated therein in sufficient quantities to make the sheet electrically conductive. Temsheet produced by Armstrong Cork Company, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, is also acceptable. A channel-shaped electrode 14 is secured to the opposite ends of'the sheet 12 and bonded in place by any suitable means such as the staples l6, seen in FIG. 2. The electrodes 14 are preferably brass.
An electrical lead line 16 includes one line 18 connected to one electrode while the other line 20 is connected to the opposite electrode 14. A rivet and solder connection 22 is used for connecting the lead line wires I envelope 24 of insulating material such as rubber hav-' ing no carbon or very little carbon. A flexible plastic may also be used. The conductive sheet 12 is com-- pletely sealed within the protective envelope 24 by a molding or vulcani zing process. Openings 26 are pro-.
vided in the sheet 12 to further facilitate the bonding of the envelope material to the conductive resistance sheet 12. I
I I It is seen in FIG-2 that'the electrodesl4-are inwardly, j.
spaced from the outer adjacent edges of the envelope 24 and thus provide extra protection at the ends of the heating pad and in particularly provide flexible support for the electrical lead line 16 to minimize stress and strain at the electrodes 14.
It is seen that the use of synthetic natural rubber or plastic in the envelope 24 provides resistance and protection against the action of solvents, acids, and moisture making the heating pad very suitable for industrial applications including the warming of batteries. "It is further seen that there is essentially nothing to break in this heatingpad as there are no wires or ribbons to break. Further, the" carbon impregnated resistance sheet of the battery heater of this invention can be produced more economically than a wound-wire battery' heater.
I claim: Q 1. An electrical heating pad comprising,
an electrically conductive sheet of flexible material an envelope of electrically insulative flexible material molded onto and enclosing said sheet, said envelope having a size larger than said sheet so that said.
sheet is completely enclosed therein, t said conductive sheet having a plurality of openings formed therein which receive the flexible material said conductive sheet being stapled together. i 4
, a: k a: a: e

Claims (1)

1. An electrical heating pad comprising, an electrically conductive sheet of flexible material having electrically conductive particles uniformly disposed throughout said sheet, an electrode secured to opposite ends of said sheet, said electrodes being channel shaped and the opposite edges of said conductive sheet are received in said channel-shaped electrodes, an electrical lead wire connected to each of said electrodes, and an envelope of electrically insulative flexible material molded onto and enclosing said sheet, said envelope having a size larger than said sheet so that said sheet is completely enclosed therein, said conductive sheet having a plurality of openings formed therein which receive the flexible material of said envelope to bond the envelope to said conductive sheet said channel-shaped electrodes and said conductive sheet being stapled together.
US00204860A 1971-12-06 1971-12-06 Electrical heating pad Expired - Lifetime US3749886A (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4104509A (en) * 1975-09-23 1978-08-01 U.S. Philips Corporation Self-regulating heating element
US4240212A (en) * 1979-06-21 1980-12-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Thermal signature targets
US4250397A (en) * 1977-06-01 1981-02-10 International Paper Company Heating element and methods of manufacturing therefor
US4485297A (en) * 1980-08-28 1984-11-27 Flexwatt Corporation Electrical resistance heater
US4534886A (en) * 1981-01-15 1985-08-13 International Paper Company Non-woven heating element
US4542285A (en) * 1984-02-15 1985-09-17 Flexwatt Corporation Electrical heater
US4574186A (en) * 1982-04-06 1986-03-04 Totoku Electric Co., Ltd. Heating sheet
DE3433702A1 (en) * 1984-09-13 1986-03-20 Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld WALL, CEILING AND / OR FLOOR TRAINING AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION
WO1986002228A1 (en) * 1984-09-26 1986-04-10 Flexwatt Corporation Flexible electric sheet heater
US4593181A (en) * 1984-02-06 1986-06-03 Raychem Corporation Heating element having deformed buss bars
US4665304A (en) * 1984-05-04 1987-05-12 Spencer A George Anti-condensation mirror
WO1991011891A1 (en) * 1990-01-24 1991-08-08 Hastings Otis Electrically conductive laminate for temperature control of surfaces
EP0852514A1 (en) * 1995-09-27 1998-07-15 Robbins Scientific Corporation Reciprocating bath shaker
US5925275A (en) * 1993-11-30 1999-07-20 Alliedsignal, Inc. Electrically conductive composite heater and method of manufacture
US20100200558A1 (en) * 2009-02-12 2010-08-12 Liu Ying-Hsiung Electrical heating blanket
US20140091074A1 (en) * 2011-04-12 2014-04-03 Saint-Gobain Glass France Electrically heatable carrier and panel radiator, and method for the production thereof

Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2458184A (en) * 1944-01-15 1949-01-04 Us Rubber Co Electrically conducting panel
US2473183A (en) * 1947-07-16 1949-06-14 Bates Mfg Co Electrically conductive fabric
US2559077A (en) * 1946-07-01 1951-07-03 Carl G Westerberg Resistance element and method of preparing same
US2688070A (en) * 1950-03-14 1954-08-31 Dayton Rubber Company Electrically heated mattress construction
US2938992A (en) * 1958-04-18 1960-05-31 Electrofilm Inc Heaters using conductive woven tapes
US2952761A (en) * 1957-04-02 1960-09-13 Chemelex Inc Electrically conductive laminated structure and method of making same
US3281579A (en) * 1964-04-21 1966-10-25 Multi Flex Seats Inc Conductive rubber heating mantle
US3283284A (en) * 1961-01-20 1966-11-01 Eisler Paul Electrical heating film
US3344385A (en) * 1965-01-04 1967-09-26 Dow Corning Flexible resistance element with flexible and stretchable terminal electrodes
US3359524A (en) * 1963-11-11 1967-12-19 Ioco Ltd Flexible heating elements
US3367851A (en) * 1964-04-09 1968-02-06 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Non-woven conductive paper mat
US3385959A (en) * 1964-05-29 1968-05-28 Ici Ltd Flexible heating elements
US3535494A (en) * 1966-11-22 1970-10-20 Fritz Armbruster Electric heating mat
US3558858A (en) * 1969-06-30 1971-01-26 Delta Control Inc Flexible planar heating unit adapted for mounting on complex curved surfaces
US3627981A (en) * 1968-11-09 1971-12-14 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Areal heating element
US3697728A (en) * 1968-12-13 1972-10-10 Air Plastic Service Gmbh Heating devices

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2458184A (en) * 1944-01-15 1949-01-04 Us Rubber Co Electrically conducting panel
US2559077A (en) * 1946-07-01 1951-07-03 Carl G Westerberg Resistance element and method of preparing same
US2473183A (en) * 1947-07-16 1949-06-14 Bates Mfg Co Electrically conductive fabric
US2688070A (en) * 1950-03-14 1954-08-31 Dayton Rubber Company Electrically heated mattress construction
US2952761A (en) * 1957-04-02 1960-09-13 Chemelex Inc Electrically conductive laminated structure and method of making same
US2938992A (en) * 1958-04-18 1960-05-31 Electrofilm Inc Heaters using conductive woven tapes
US3283284A (en) * 1961-01-20 1966-11-01 Eisler Paul Electrical heating film
US3359524A (en) * 1963-11-11 1967-12-19 Ioco Ltd Flexible heating elements
US3367851A (en) * 1964-04-09 1968-02-06 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Non-woven conductive paper mat
US3281579A (en) * 1964-04-21 1966-10-25 Multi Flex Seats Inc Conductive rubber heating mantle
US3385959A (en) * 1964-05-29 1968-05-28 Ici Ltd Flexible heating elements
US3344385A (en) * 1965-01-04 1967-09-26 Dow Corning Flexible resistance element with flexible and stretchable terminal electrodes
US3535494A (en) * 1966-11-22 1970-10-20 Fritz Armbruster Electric heating mat
US3627981A (en) * 1968-11-09 1971-12-14 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Areal heating element
US3697728A (en) * 1968-12-13 1972-10-10 Air Plastic Service Gmbh Heating devices
US3558858A (en) * 1969-06-30 1971-01-26 Delta Control Inc Flexible planar heating unit adapted for mounting on complex curved surfaces

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4104509A (en) * 1975-09-23 1978-08-01 U.S. Philips Corporation Self-regulating heating element
US4250397A (en) * 1977-06-01 1981-02-10 International Paper Company Heating element and methods of manufacturing therefor
US4240212A (en) * 1979-06-21 1980-12-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Thermal signature targets
US4485297A (en) * 1980-08-28 1984-11-27 Flexwatt Corporation Electrical resistance heater
US4534886A (en) * 1981-01-15 1985-08-13 International Paper Company Non-woven heating element
US4574186A (en) * 1982-04-06 1986-03-04 Totoku Electric Co., Ltd. Heating sheet
US4593181A (en) * 1984-02-06 1986-06-03 Raychem Corporation Heating element having deformed buss bars
US4542285A (en) * 1984-02-15 1985-09-17 Flexwatt Corporation Electrical heater
US4665304A (en) * 1984-05-04 1987-05-12 Spencer A George Anti-condensation mirror
WO1986001672A1 (en) * 1984-08-31 1986-03-13 Flexwatt Corporation Electrical heater
DE3433702A1 (en) * 1984-09-13 1986-03-20 Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld WALL, CEILING AND / OR FLOOR TRAINING AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION
WO1986002228A1 (en) * 1984-09-26 1986-04-10 Flexwatt Corporation Flexible electric sheet heater
WO1991011891A1 (en) * 1990-01-24 1991-08-08 Hastings Otis Electrically conductive laminate for temperature control of surfaces
US5925275A (en) * 1993-11-30 1999-07-20 Alliedsignal, Inc. Electrically conductive composite heater and method of manufacture
EP0852514A1 (en) * 1995-09-27 1998-07-15 Robbins Scientific Corporation Reciprocating bath shaker
EP0852514A4 (en) * 1995-09-27 1998-12-02 Robbins Scient Corp Reciprocating bath shaker
US20100200558A1 (en) * 2009-02-12 2010-08-12 Liu Ying-Hsiung Electrical heating blanket
US20140091074A1 (en) * 2011-04-12 2014-04-03 Saint-Gobain Glass France Electrically heatable carrier and panel radiator, and method for the production thereof
US8859939B2 (en) * 2011-04-12 2014-10-14 Saint-Gobain Glass France Electrically heatable carrier and panel radiator, and method for the production thereof
US9061656B2 (en) 2011-04-12 2015-06-23 Saint-Gobain Glass France Panel heating element and method for producing same

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AS Assignment

Owner name: NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, BANK HAPOALIM, B.M. AND BAN

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DALE ELECTRONICS, INC., A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004510/0078

Effective date: 19851031

Owner name: MANUFACTURERS BANK OF DETROIT, A NATIONAL BANKING

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DALE ELECTRONICS, INC., A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004510/0078

Effective date: 19851031