US3757101A

US3757101A - Lamp for providing daylight effect

Info

Publication number: US3757101A
Application number: US00155931A
Authority: US
Inventors: Z Semotan
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1971-06-23
Filing date: 1971-06-23
Publication date: 1973-09-04
Anticipated expiration: 1990-09-04

Abstract

A lamp to produce sunlight effect artificially wherein a white light which is radiated directly from the lamp which includes the form of a pyramid composed of colored transparent materials. Two opposite triangles of the pyramid present basic spectrum colors; yellow and blue and two other opposite triangles of the pyramid present compound spectrum colors, red and violet. Bisecting the interior of the pyramid is a blue-green transparent horizontal insertion which simulates the type of illumination received from the sky on a sunny day. There is a glass enclosure for the pyramid and a light source therein.

Description

[451 Sept. 4, 1973 1 LAMP FOR PROVIDING DAYLIGHT EFFECT [76] Inventor: Zinovia Semotan, 84 McLaren St.,

Red Bank, NJ.

[22] Filed: June 23, 1971 21 Appl. No.: 155,931

FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 355,833 8/1931 Great Britain..... 240/1.l 139,287 3/1920 Great Britain... 240/1.l 170,707 11/1921 Great Britain 240/].1

10/1938 Great Britain 240/1.1 9/1950 Great Britain 240/1.l

Primary Examiner-Richard C. Queisser Assistant Examiner-Joseph W. Roskos Att0rney-Penr0se Lucas Albright and William B.

Mason [57] ABSTRACT A lamp to produce sunlight effect artificially wherein a white light which is radiated directly from the lamp which includes the form of a pyramid composed of colored transparent materials. Two opposite triangles of the pyramid present basic spectrum colors; yellow and blue and two other opposite triangles of the pyramid present compound spectrum colors, red and violet. Bi secting the interior of the pyramid is a blue-green transparent horizontal insertion which simulates the type of illumination received from the sky on a sunny day. There is a glass enclosure for the pyramid and a light source therein.

15 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures LAMP FOR PROVIDING DAYLIGI-IT EFFECT BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This application relates to a lamp for the production of a novel artificial illuminating effect. More particularly, it relates to a lamp which utilizes colored transparent material to produce an artificial light which, although a white light, varies in the portion of the spectrum which is accentuated in various areas in a similar manner to that naturally produced by the sky on a sunny day.

There have been many attempts to produce a light which simulates daylight. Almost invariably, such attempts have been directed to obtaining a mixture of light radiations similar to that which is obtained from natural light. Although it has been known that within the visible spectrum various wave lengths, the superposition of which make up a natural light from the sky, vary considerably verging on one color or another, the intentional simulation of such variations to produce a daylight effect from a single lighting system was not suggested until by my US. Pat. No. 3,517,180 which issued June 23, 1971.

It has occurred to the inventor that a less expensive and more compact lamp capable of radiating a white light which produces an illumination in substantially the same manner as the apparatus disclosed in my previous patent would have many practical applications. However, a problem existed in attempting to utilize the relative confined space of a convenient sized enclosure without producing unacceptable lighting aberrations or contrasting areas which conflict with the desired daylight effect. Difficulties in obtaining the proper light for my work as an artist painter led to many years of research and experimentation in the field of light and color. This resulted in development of a new type of light which reproduces daylight (sunlight) with all of its aspects and without the defects of standard artificial lights now in use.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The sun produces a spectrum which is visually composed of a mixture of three basic colors; yellow, crimson-red, and blue. The system of the light in nature may be considered as having four sides; north, south, west and east. I lay out the three basic spectrum colors on the four tones; the basic colors yellow and blue, and compound colors red and violet, to arrange them on the four sides of the light. By filtering with a bluish green insertion, the compound colors, red and violet, lose their yellow and blue tones and they present a crimson red. The mixture of these three basic colors results in a black. However, by means of electrical energy radiation through a tungsten filament, illumination of white light is produced.

An effective arrangement has been found to affix within a lamp enclosure, which is under vacuum or filled with an inert gas, a pyramid formed of transparent or translucent materials, its triangular sides each being of a different color, yellow, red, blue and violet and including midway within the pyramid a bluishgreen transparent insertion, the apex of the pyramid being directly under the filament which is similar to an Edison-like filament. Preferably, the translucent sides of the pyramid are composed of a thin frosted glass or any other suitable material which performs two functions, first as a color filter for light rays from the filament, and second due to its frosted surface, as a nonspecular type reflector. The insertion of a bluish-green transparent material midway up in the pyramid provides for further filtering of the light. Power of the electricity through the tungsten filament filtered by the colored pyramid sides and the reflection from the nonspecular frosted surfaces thereof, produces visible light radiations which is a white light. The greatest intensity of radiation is directly under the lamp, but also illumination is diffused throughout the sides of the lamp. This, in turn, adds to the daylight simulation effect inasmuch as the intensity of light in sunny daylight is, of course, generally uniform from one area to another. However, also as in daylight, different sides of any object illuminated by my lamp receives a white light mixture which varies in its spectral content in accordance with the relative direction of the light source, its texture of the object, etc.

The lamp may be adapted for many uses, such as, for example, as an automobile headlight since it creates correct perspective for judging distances. The general idea of my invention may be used in television production. It may be used in hospital operating rooms, laboratories, schools, offices, stores, factories, the field of photography, art studies, art galleries, and also for agricultural purposes. It also may be used in filming of motion pictures. The possible applications of this light are many. It eliminates the general strain on the eyes caused by working under conventional light sources including neon, fluorescent or any other artificial lighting now in use. It makes it possible to work in any area or enclosure by what is essentially natural daylight and thus opens the possibility of, in effect, living in daylight, with benefits to health. It greatly facilitates work in areas in which there is need to achieve an exactitude of color or to work with extremely fine instruments.

Other objects, adaptabilities and capabilities will appear as the description progresses, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention:

FIG. 2 isa broken cross-sectional view of the lamp shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the pyramid insertion;

FIG. 4 is a view of another embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the color mixture produced by the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, an enclosure or bulb 10 is provided with a conventional threaded base 11 through which an electrical circuit is introduced into the interior of bulb 10 through lead-in

wires

12 and 14.

Wires

12 and 14 emerge from stem 15 and are conductively connected to radiation means comprising filament 16 which is supported by anchor wires 17 which coincide with the corners of a pyramid and depend from an anchor support 18 which in turn connects to a seal portion 20 of the lower-part of stem 15. Bulb 10 is either under vacuum or filled withan inert gas as is well known in the art. The sides of bulb 10 are frosted, this also being conventional and well-known in the art.

A pyramid member 21 is disposed within the bulb 10 with its apex 22 disposed directly under filament 16. In this connection, it will be noted that bulb 10 is, itself, generally pyramidal in configuration being, however, sufficiently curved to provide strength. Pyramid member 21 is secured in its lower aspects to a lower portion 24 of bulb 10. As a matter of manufacturing preference, the pyramid member 21 may be secured to portion 24 which, in turn, is sealed to bulb 10 with the air from bulb 10 being evacuated following such sealing operation. Pyramid member 21 has a height equal to its width at its base and is four-sided as best seen in FIG. 3. Each side, 25, 26, 27 and 28 is triangular in shape and is composed of a material or includes a coating whereby it functions as a color filter. Thus, side 28 permits only light waves in the yellow tone of the spectrum to pass. Only violet waves are permitted to pass through side 27; side 26 permits only blue to pass therethrough; and side 25 acts only to permit colors in the red portion of the spectrum to pass therethrough. These four tones should correspond to the spectrum tones of nature. The

material constituting sides

25, 26, 27 and 28 is very thin and is frosted on its inner sides. Secured midway within pyramid member 21 is a bluish-green transparent inner frosted member 30.

It will be appreciated that the illumination produced by the lamp is similar to that of a sunny day and, of course, the light radiations mix to produce a white light in all areas, although such light is intentionally varied as to its spectral richness.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment wherein a pyramid 41 contains a filament 36 which is received in the upper portions of pyramid 41 through an opening at apex 42 and above the blue-green insertion 50. Except as necessary for receiving base 31, pyramid 41 is identical to the pyramid member 21. The anchor wires 37 are so disposed relative to the filament 36 and lead-in wires 34 so that the filament 36 is carried within the upper part of pyramid 41 without actually making contact with its sides.

It is to be understood that the upper part of pyramid 41 containing filament 36 is under vacuum or contains an inert gas.

FIG. is a diagrammatic representation of the light on an imaginary floor located at the bottom 44 of pyramid 41 or portion 24 of pyramid 21. The four colors, red, yellow, violet and blue are mixed and filtered by bluish green insertion to produce a powerful white light in the shaded area 45. It will be noted that the design shown in FIG. 5 can be used as a pattern for cutting and polishing diamonds.

Although I have described preferred embodiments of my invention, it is to be understood that it is capable of other adaptations and modifications.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

l. A lamp for producing a sunlight effect artificially wherein an area illuminated receives a white light radiation mixture therefrom, said lamp comprising: a light radiation source; a pyramid; said pyramid having an apex which is disposed proximate said source; said pyramid including four sides, each of said sides composed of translucent material of different substantially, solid colors, two adjacent of said sides being yellow and red and the other two adjacent said sides being blue and violet; and an insertion in said pyramid composed of a transparent bluish-green material, whereby light rays from said radiation source radiates through said pyramid.

2. A lamp in accordance with claim 1 wherein said pyramid is disposed under said radiation source.

3. A lamp in accordance with claim 2 wherein said radiation source and said pyramid are enclosed in a vacuumized bulb.

4. A bulb in accordance with claim 3 wherein said radiation source comprises a tungsten filament which substantially conforms to the top of the bulb.

5. A lamp in accordance with claim 1 wherein said pyramid sides have frosted surfaces.

6. A lamp in accordance with claim 5 wherein said radiation source is disposed under the apex of said pyramid and above said insertion.

7. A lamp in accordance with claim 1 wherein the height of said pyramid is equal to the width of its base.

8. A lamp in accordance with claim 7 wherein said insertion is disposed at one-half of the height of said pyramid.

9. A lamp for producing a daylight effect artificially wherein the area illuminated under the lamp receives a white light radiation mixture, said lamp comprising an enclosure, a light radiation source of substantial breadth in said enclosure, a plurality of substantially triangular shaped colored transparent means disposed in the form of a pyramid in said enclosure with the apex of said pyramid under said radiation means, said transparent means being of difi'erent colors and including the colors of violet, blue, yellow and red, a further bluegreen transparent means disposed under said first mentioned transparent means, whereby at any given point in said illuminated area, a mixture of radiation is received from said radiation source which has been filtered by at least two of said transparent means.

10. A lamp in accordance with claim 9 wherein a blue-green transparent means is disposed under said first mentioned transparent means.

11. A lamp in accordance with claim 10 wherein said light source is a tungsten filament and said pyramid has its apex directly under said tungsten filament radiation source.- i

12. A lamp in accordance with claim 11 wherein said blue-green transparent means is disposed within said pyramid midway between the apex and base of said pyramid.

13. A lamp in accordance with claim 1 1 wherein said yellow and red transparent means are adjacent and blue and violet transparent means are adjacent.

14. A lamp in accordance with claim 13 wherein said transparent means are frosted inside whereby they reflect light in a non-specular manner.

15. A lamp in accordance with claim 9 which is substantially as described with the height of said pyramid being substantially the same as its width at its base.

it t w m =0

Claims

1. A lamp for producing a sunlight effect artificially wherein an area illuminated receives a white light radiation mixture therefrom, said lamp comprising: a light radiation source; a pyramid; said pyramid having an apex which is disposed proximate said source; said pyramid including four sides, each of said sides composed of translucent material of different substantially, solid colors, two adjacent of said sides being yellow and red and the other two adjacent said sides being blue and violet; and an insertion in said pyramid composed of a transparent bluish-green material, whereby light rays from said radiation source radiates through said pyramid.

9. A lamp for producing a daylight effect artificially wherein the area illuminated under the lamp receives a white light radiation mixture, said lamp comprising an enclosure, a light radiation source of substantial breadth in said enclosure, a plurality of substantially triangular shaped colored transparent means disposed in the form of a pyramid in said enclosure with the apex of said pyramid under said radiation means, said transparent means being of different colors and including the colors of violet, blue, yellow and red, a further blue-green transparent means disposed under said first mentioned transparent means, whereby at any given point in said illuminated area, a mixture of radiation is received from said radiation source which has been filtered by at least two of said transparent means.

11. A lamp in accordance with claim 10 wherein said light source is a tungsten filament and said pyramid has its apex directly under said tungsten filament radiation source.

13. A lamp in accordance with claim 11 wherein said yellow and red transparent means are adjacent and blue and violet transparent means are adjacent.