US3760336A - Miniature connector-modular - Google Patents
Miniature connector-modular Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3760336A US3760336A US00127609A US3760336DA US3760336A US 3760336 A US3760336 A US 3760336A US 00127609 A US00127609 A US 00127609A US 3760336D A US3760336D A US 3760336DA US 3760336 A US3760336 A US 3760336A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- modules
- connector
- contacts
- back plate
- tubular portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
- H01R13/514—Bases; Cases composed as a modular blocks or assembly, i.e. composed of co-operating parts provided with contact members or holding contact members between them
Definitions
- a broad object of the invention is to provide a miniature connector of the foregoing overall character, which overcomes the objections referred to above.
- Another and broad object is to provide a miniature connector of the character-just referred to which utilizes components very similar to components in miniature connectors heretofore known, and in the case of at least certain of those components, they are made of modular construction and mated in the main parts of the connector, and function in precisely the same manner as corresponding elements of miniature connectors heretofore made, whereby to enable a manufacturer by selecting certain ones of the modules for incorporation in a connector, and further wherein such modules and the other components of the connectors can be made in large numbers whereby to reduce tooling costs therefor, and additionally whereby a manufacturer can make up special connectors in relative small numbers at low costs similar to those involved in making miniature connectors of the kind heretofore known.
- Still another and more specific object is to provide a miniature connector of the foregoing character which utilizes pin contacts and socket contacts of kinds heretofore known and used as well as other constructional features such as a shell member and a back plate, identical with or similar to corresponding components used in previously known connectors, in this way additionally minimizing costs of manufacture.
- Still another object is to provide a miniature connector of the foregoing character in which the modules are in the form of inserts which hold the pin contacts and socket contacts and in which the connector includes novel construction for locating the modules in proper position, and accurately aligning them so that the pin contacts and socket contacts in the two main parts of the connector are properly aligned.
- Still another object is to provide a miniature connector of the foregoing character having physical construction providing novel interlocking arrangement between the parts making up the connector, and including means for preventing distortion of the components confining the modules and thereby preventing displacementor misalignment of the modules which might otherwise be occasioned because of their modular and hence small dimensions.
- FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a connector incorporating the features of the present invention, with the main parts fitted together;
- FIG. 2 is an end view of the connector of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the connector but with the main parts separated;
- FIG. 4 is a view from the right of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a view taken at line 55 of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of modules or module in serts
- FIG. 7 is a fragmentary face view, on a large scale, oriented according to FIG. 5;
- FIG. 8 is a large scale view taken at line 8-8 of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a large scale sectional view taken at line 9--9 of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the parts shown in FIG. 9 but with the parts interconnected.
- the socket connector assembly 12 includes a front shell 16 and a back plate 18, these two components forming a shell envelope confined within which is dielectric insert means 20 made up of a plurality of modules 20a.
- the front shell 16 and back plate 18 have mating flanges 22, 24 respectively, provided with apertures 26 (FIG. 5) through which suitable securing means such as rivets, bolts, etc. are inserted for securing the two components 16, 18 together, this securing means being indicated diagrammatically by the dotdash line 26a.
- the connector assembly 14 includes a front shell 28 and a back plate 30 between which is confined insert means 32 made up of a plurality of modules 32a.
- the components 28, 30 are provided with flanges 34, 36 respectively, having apertures for securing means similarly being diagrammatically indicated by the dot-dash line 38.
- the front shells 16, 28 are generally tubular in form although elongated and narrow (FIG. 5) and the front shell 16 fits into the front shell 28 with a friction fit, aiding in securing the two main parts or assemblies 12, 14 together.
- the shells are preferably nonrectangular in plan, to orient them in predetermined position.
- Each module 20, 32 is in the form of a block (FIG. 6) square or nearly square in cross section and each having which for convenience are termed end surfaces 40, and side surfaces 42, as well as an upper or inner end surface 41 and a lower or outer end surface 43.
- the modules are placed in the shell envelopes in such a manner that the upper or inner end surfaces 41 interface when the connector parts are fitted together (FIGS. 9 and 10) and the low or outer end surfaces 43 extend outwardly from each other.
- On the side surfaces are locking elements or cleats 44 each having an upturned rib 46 defining a groove 48 with the corresponding sidesurface 42.
- Locating and holding fins 50, 52 extend downwardly from the cleats to the bottom edge of the block.
- One fin is shown in FIG. 6 and both fins are shown well in FIG. 8 and also included in FIGS. 9 and 10. These two fins 50, 52, are of different width for use in positioning the modules as referred to again hereinbelow.
- the modules 20, 32 are provided with apertures 54 for fitting therein of socket contacts 56 and pin contacts 58 (FIGS. 9 and 10). This placement of apertures and contacts therein is known. These contacts are shown semi-diagrammatically, it being understood of course that conductors lead therefrom. Reference may be made to Yopp, US Pat. No. 3,101,229, dated Aug. 20, 1963 for further details of contacts and conductors, as well as other details that do not enter into the modular concept of the present invention.
- the desired number of modules or module inserts (in accordance with requirements as referred to hereinbelow) are fitted together in end-to-end relation with the end surfaces 40 in mutually abutting relation. These are fitted in the assembly in the desired order, such for example as fitting them in the back plate 18.
- This back plate includes parallel longitudinal members 60 having flanges 62 extending in the direction of the axis of the aperture 54 and inturned flanges 64 having notches therein 66, 68 on opposite sides and of different sizes for receiving the fins 50, 52 in the modules.
- the contacts and the conductors connected thereto are put in place in the modules in a known manner, and the connector assemblies are interconnected according to their ultimate use, also in a known manner. It is also practical to provide blanks or spaces for use when a lesser number of apertured modules are desired, for a given size of shell envelope is utilized, and even to use an apertured module without contacts as such spacers.
- FIG. 7 shows a slightly modified form of modules, in this case having tongue and groove interconnections 72 on their end surfaces 40.
- the modules 20, 32 are provided with the desired individual patterns of apertures 54 according to the size and capacity of the socket contacts and pin contacts desired, as represented in FIG. 5.
- the range of characteristics of such contacts is great, and the modular inserts, as indicated above are all of the same exterior conformation and therefore they can be selected according to any desired combination of contacts necessary for any given connection. Even with a small number of modules illustrated, in the present case, five, a combination can be achieved. Tooling need be made for each of the modules independently and it is not necessary to tool up for'any combination of modules. Therefore a large number of each of the individual modules may be stocked with a minimum of tooling, and only those modules required in any particular connector, are selected, and they, are arranged in the particular order combination according to the characteristics of the intended connector.
- a miniature connector comprising,
- each connector assembly having a shell envelope including a back plate and a front shell with longitudinally extending end flanges for securing them together, and with a space between the back plate and front shell at a position between the end flanges, of significant dimension in said connecting direction,
- the front shell having a tubular portion extending in connecting direction
- insert means in the shell envelope including a plurality of modules disposed in end-to-end relation together extending at least nearly the longitudinal extent of the tubular portion
- the modules having base portions disposed in said space between the back plate and front shell and extending laterally beyond the tubular portion, and having body portions extending into the tubular portion,
- the modules having aligned grooves in the base portions receiving the adjacent edges of the tubular portion and the latter serving to confine the modules against transverse displacement, said edges of the tubular portion and the back plate clamping the modules therebetween, and
- the modules in the two connector assemblies being adapted for mounting therein of pin contacts and socket contacts respectively, and being of such pattern of distribution of the contacts that the contacts in the mating modules are respectively aligned in the position of the connector assemblies when interfitted.
- the modules in the connector assembly having the inner front shell extend to adjacent the front end of that front shell, and the modules in the other connector assembly extend thereinto but to a substantially lesser extent whereby to effect substantial interengagement of the modules in the two connector assemblies in the telescoping interfitting of the connector assemblies.
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12760971A | 1971-03-24 | 1971-03-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3760336A true US3760336A (en) | 1973-09-18 |
Family
ID=22430984
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00127609A Expired - Lifetime US3760336A (en) | 1971-03-24 | 1971-03-24 | Miniature connector-modular |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3760336A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5640951B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT336114B (en) |
AU (1) | AU469121B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE779093A (en) |
CA (1) | CA962363A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2204860A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2131341A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1368684A (en) |
IT (1) | IT946893B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA7283B (en) |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3883210A (en) * | 1972-08-18 | 1975-05-13 | Idec Izumi Corp | Socket assembly |
US4158473A (en) * | 1976-03-04 | 1979-06-19 | Akzona Incorporated | Convertible cylindrical electrical connector |
US4239317A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1980-12-16 | Bunker Ramo Corporation | Electrical connector |
FR2480512A1 (en) * | 1980-04-15 | 1981-10-16 | Connei Spa | MULTIPLE PLUG CONNECTOR DEVICE, COMPOSED OF INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS, PARTICULARLY FOR ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS |
US4464006A (en) * | 1982-09-03 | 1984-08-07 | Paccar Inc. | Wiring system for trucks with improved firewall connection system |
US4508416A (en) * | 1982-04-02 | 1985-04-02 | Pneumo Corporation | Multiple thermocouple connector panel |
FR2563647A1 (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1985-10-31 | Electro Pjp Sa | Modular device making it possible to produce electroluminescent display units adapted to specific needs |
US4552426A (en) * | 1983-09-15 | 1985-11-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Multiple connector hood for interconnections to printed circuit boards |
US4558916A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1985-12-17 | Karl Hehl | Multi-pin plug connection system for electronic control unit |
US4577919A (en) * | 1985-02-19 | 1986-03-25 | Amp Incorporated | Boot and shielded cable connector |
US4596436A (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1986-06-24 | Amp Incorporated | Electrical connector housing assembly comprising housing frame containing housing modules |
US4699593A (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1987-10-13 | Amp Incorporated | Connector having contact modules for a substrate such as an IC chip carrier |
GB2193390A (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1988-02-03 | Allied Corp | Screened electrical connector assemblies |
WO1989002166A1 (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-09 | Amp Incorporated | Modular plug-in connection means for flexible power supply of electronic apparatus |
US6171153B1 (en) | 1996-02-29 | 2001-01-09 | Berg Technology, Inc. | Modular jack assembly and universal housing for use therein |
US6881100B2 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2005-04-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporation | Modular socket |
US7549897B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2009-06-23 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Electrical connector having improved terminal configuration |
US7591655B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2009-09-22 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Electrical connector having improved electrical characteristics |
US7670196B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2010-03-02 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Electrical terminal having tactile feedback tip and electrical connector for use therewith |
US7753742B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2010-07-13 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Electrical terminal having improved insertion characteristics and electrical connector for use therewith |
US8142236B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2012-03-27 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Electrical connector having improved density and routing characteristics and related methods |
US9533387B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2017-01-03 | Specialty Technologies L.L.C. | Apparatus and control for modular manufacturing system |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2920399C2 (en) * | 1979-05-19 | 1983-05-26 | Carl Kurt Walther Gmbh & Co Kg, 5600 Wuppertal | Multi-coupling, especially for liquids |
DE3012174C2 (en) * | 1980-03-28 | 1984-11-29 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Multiple connectors |
DE3241121A1 (en) * | 1982-11-06 | 1984-05-10 | Stocko Metallwarenfabriken Henkels Und Sohn Gmbh & Co, 5600 Wuppertal | CONNECTOR, ESPECIALLY FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES |
DE3300643A1 (en) * | 1983-01-11 | 1984-07-12 | Harting Elektronik Gmbh, 4992 Espelkamp | Contact strip for multi-pin electrical plug connections |
BE900692A (en) * | 1984-09-27 | 1985-03-27 | Burndy Electra Nv | CONNECTOR FOR INDIVIDUAL CONDUCTORS AND METHOD FOR WIRING SUCH CONNECTOR. |
FR2719707B1 (en) * | 1994-05-03 | 1996-06-07 | Amphenol Tuchel Elect | Male or female socket for a multi-pin connector. |
EP2083485B1 (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2020-01-08 | TE Connectivity Germany GmbH | Electrical connector |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2790153A (en) * | 1953-03-05 | 1957-04-23 | Cannon Electric Co | Polarized electrical plug and socket connector having a plurality of contacts |
US3042894A (en) * | 1958-07-17 | 1962-07-03 | Fox Benjamin | Electrical coupling device for miniature terminals |
US3090027A (en) * | 1959-06-22 | 1963-05-14 | Delbert L Phillips | Modular electrical connector |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1101637A (en) * | 1965-12-17 | 1968-01-31 | Amp Inc | Electrical connector housing assembly for connection through partitions |
-
1971
- 1971-03-24 US US00127609A patent/US3760336A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-01-05 GB GB52072A patent/GB1368684A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-01-06 AU AU37675/72A patent/AU469121B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-01-06 ZA ZA720083A patent/ZA7283B/en unknown
- 1972-01-25 IT IT19774/72A patent/IT946893B/en active
- 1972-02-02 JP JP1144172A patent/JPS5640951B1/ja active Pending
- 1972-02-02 DE DE19722204860 patent/DE2204860A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1972-02-07 AT AT94772A patent/AT336114B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-02-07 CA CA134,122A patent/CA962363A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-02-08 BE BE779093A patent/BE779093A/en unknown
- 1972-02-08 FR FR7204212A patent/FR2131341A5/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2790153A (en) * | 1953-03-05 | 1957-04-23 | Cannon Electric Co | Polarized electrical plug and socket connector having a plurality of contacts |
US3042894A (en) * | 1958-07-17 | 1962-07-03 | Fox Benjamin | Electrical coupling device for miniature terminals |
US3090027A (en) * | 1959-06-22 | 1963-05-14 | Delbert L Phillips | Modular electrical connector |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Aviation Week, Existing Connection Methods, August, 1966. * |
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3883210A (en) * | 1972-08-18 | 1975-05-13 | Idec Izumi Corp | Socket assembly |
US4158473A (en) * | 1976-03-04 | 1979-06-19 | Akzona Incorporated | Convertible cylindrical electrical connector |
US4239317A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1980-12-16 | Bunker Ramo Corporation | Electrical connector |
FR2480512A1 (en) * | 1980-04-15 | 1981-10-16 | Connei Spa | MULTIPLE PLUG CONNECTOR DEVICE, COMPOSED OF INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS, PARTICULARLY FOR ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS |
US4508416A (en) * | 1982-04-02 | 1985-04-02 | Pneumo Corporation | Multiple thermocouple connector panel |
US4464006A (en) * | 1982-09-03 | 1984-08-07 | Paccar Inc. | Wiring system for trucks with improved firewall connection system |
US4558916A (en) * | 1982-09-29 | 1985-12-17 | Karl Hehl | Multi-pin plug connection system for electronic control unit |
US4552426A (en) * | 1983-09-15 | 1985-11-12 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Multiple connector hood for interconnections to printed circuit boards |
FR2563647A1 (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1985-10-31 | Electro Pjp Sa | Modular device making it possible to produce electroluminescent display units adapted to specific needs |
US4577919A (en) * | 1985-02-19 | 1986-03-25 | Amp Incorporated | Boot and shielded cable connector |
US4596436A (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1986-06-24 | Amp Incorporated | Electrical connector housing assembly comprising housing frame containing housing modules |
US4699593A (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1987-10-13 | Amp Incorporated | Connector having contact modules for a substrate such as an IC chip carrier |
GB2193390A (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1988-02-03 | Allied Corp | Screened electrical connector assemblies |
GB2193390B (en) * | 1986-07-29 | 1990-05-30 | Allied Corp | Screened electrical connector assemblies |
WO1989002166A1 (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-09 | Amp Incorporated | Modular plug-in connection means for flexible power supply of electronic apparatus |
US4818237A (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-04-04 | Amp Incorporated | Modular plug-in connection means for flexible power supply of electronic apparatus |
US6171153B1 (en) | 1996-02-29 | 2001-01-09 | Berg Technology, Inc. | Modular jack assembly and universal housing for use therein |
SG90018A1 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 2002-07-23 | Connector Systems Tech Nv | Modular jack assembly and universal housing for use therein |
US6881100B2 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2005-04-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporation | Modular socket |
US7549897B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2009-06-23 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Electrical connector having improved terminal configuration |
US7591655B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2009-09-22 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Electrical connector having improved electrical characteristics |
US7670196B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2010-03-02 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Electrical terminal having tactile feedback tip and electrical connector for use therewith |
US7753742B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2010-07-13 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Electrical terminal having improved insertion characteristics and electrical connector for use therewith |
US7789716B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2010-09-07 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Electrical connector having improved terminal configuration |
US8142236B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2012-03-27 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Electrical connector having improved density and routing characteristics and related methods |
US9533387B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2017-01-03 | Specialty Technologies L.L.C. | Apparatus and control for modular manufacturing system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATA94772A (en) | 1976-08-15 |
AU469121B2 (en) | 1976-02-05 |
AU3767572A (en) | 1973-07-12 |
FR2131341A5 (en) | 1972-11-10 |
BE779093A (en) | 1972-05-30 |
GB1368684A (en) | 1974-10-02 |
JPS5640951B1 (en) | 1981-09-24 |
AT336114B (en) | 1977-04-25 |
ZA7283B (en) | 1972-09-27 |
IT946893B (en) | 1973-05-21 |
CA962363A (en) | 1975-02-04 |
DE2204860A1 (en) | 1972-09-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3760336A (en) | Miniature connector-modular | |
US4368939A (en) | Modular connector housing | |
JP3043360B2 (en) | Connector structure having encoding means | |
US3671921A (en) | Multi-contact electrical connector | |
US3601760A (en) | Electrical connector | |
EP0170455B1 (en) | Modular block and electrical interface assemblies employing same | |
DE60205364T2 (en) | MOVABLE CONNECTOR WITH PLACED OVERLAPPING CONTACT ARRANGEMENTS | |
US5370556A (en) | Keying system for electrical connectors | |
US5123859A (en) | Back-to-back stackable connector for interface bus, and cable clamping system usable therewith | |
US5545070A (en) | Construction toy set of planar blocks with apertures and hinged connectors | |
US3537061A (en) | Telephone jack connector | |
US20020013101A1 (en) | Connector assembly with stabilized modules | |
US4789346A (en) | Solder post alignment and retention system | |
US5535513A (en) | Method for making surface mountable connectors | |
US5387132A (en) | Keyed card edge connector | |
US4171862A (en) | Terminal board for electrical equipment | |
KR100347242B1 (en) | Electrical connector with integrated support structure | |
US3905673A (en) | Header block | |
US7234951B2 (en) | Electrical connector with protective cover for post header | |
US3523273A (en) | Electrical connectors | |
US3622950A (en) | Electrical connector assemblies | |
US3486159A (en) | Connectors for use with flexible printed circuits | |
US3568134A (en) | Packaging and actuating system for printed circuit boards and electrical connector assemblies | |
US3233209A (en) | Electrical terminal block assembly | |
US5194018A (en) | Electrical connector assembly and method of fabricating same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ALLIED CORPORATION COLUMBIA ROAD AND PARK AVENUE, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BUNKER RAMO CORPORATION A CORP. OF DE;REEL/FRAME:004149/0365 Effective date: 19820922 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CANADIAN IMPERIAL BANK OF COMMERCE, NEW YORK AGENC Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AMPHENOL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004879/0030 Effective date: 19870515 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AMPHENOL CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE, ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALLIED CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NY;REEL/FRAME:004844/0850 Effective date: 19870602 Owner name: AMPHENOL CORPORATION, LISLE, ILLINOIS A CORP. OF D Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ALLIED CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NY;REEL/FRAME:004844/0850 Effective date: 19870602 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AMPHENOL CORPORATION A CORP. OF DELAWARE Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CANADIAN IMPERIAL BANK OF COMMERCE;REEL/FRAME:006147/0887 Effective date: 19911114 |