US3774405A - Magnetically driven cryogen vuilleumier refrigerator - Google Patents

Magnetically driven cryogen vuilleumier refrigerator Download PDF

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US3774405A
US3774405A US00178866A US3774405DA US3774405A US 3774405 A US3774405 A US 3774405A US 00178866 A US00178866 A US 00178866A US 3774405D A US3774405D A US 3774405DA US 3774405 A US3774405 A US 3774405A
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displacers
cylinder
cylinders
gas
magnet
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/044—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
    • F02G1/0445—Engine plants with combined cycles, e.g. Vuilleumier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2250/00—Special cycles or special engines
    • F02G2250/18—Vuilleumier cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/001—Gas cycle refrigeration machines with a linear configuration or a linear motor

Definitions

  • cryogenic refrigerators employ three basic processes to obtain cooling. In general, all of these -refrigeris more complicated. To accomplish this in an efficient manner the heat that is removed from the gas in cooling it to low temperature must be. added to the, gas in heating it to ambient temperature. The process is accomplished either by countercurrent heat exchanger or thermal regenerators.
  • cryogenic refrigeratorsusing the Vuilleumier cycle have been constructed in a manner similar to that of the original conventional commercial refrigerators, that is, to use a piston and connecting rod attached to a rotating crank shaft.
  • the crank shaft is turned with an associated motor and drive mechanism.
  • Provided size, weight and maintenance were of little or no consideration, these refrigerators were adequate.
  • these known refrigerators are limited by the aforementioned factors as well as the vibrations caused by the pistons recripicating in orthoginal planes. 7
  • each gas displacer At the base -of each gas displacer is'a permanentmagnet, while" in the base of each cylinder is mounted an electro magnet. As the polarity of the electro magnets is reversed the gas'displacers are attracted or repelled and caused to move with a recipricating motion.
  • the hot and cold cylinders may be separated 'by a relatively large distance whereby the cold cylinder may be placed in the area to be cooled while the'hot cylindermay be. positioned at a more'convenient location.
  • the invention further uses an intemal-regeneration system thereby eliminating extemal hardward and'the use'of valves to control the motion of'thepistons.
  • 'It is a further object of'the invention toprovide a new and improved magneticallydriven cryogenicrefrigerator that uses the Vuilleumier'cycle- -It is still another object of the invention to'p'rovidea new and improved Vuilleumier refrigerator 'that'ope'rates without motors or'drive assemblies.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a typical prior art Vuilleumier cryogenic refrigerator. 7
  • FIG. 2 is a crossectional view of the invention in compact form.
  • FIG. 3 is a crossectional view of the invention in elongated form.
  • the known prior art type of Vuilleumier refrigerator is a constant volume system wherein the geometrical working volume shown generally at 10 cannot vary because of any motion of the dis- 7 placers 12 and 14. Because of changes in the average The invention overcomes the disadvantages of the temperature of the gas that fills the working volume of the refrigerator, the pressure can and does vary as the displacer moves. Motion of the power displacer 12 toward the center of the crankshaft 16 forces gas to move from the crankcase 18, the temperature of which is approximately that of the radiator, to the hot end 20 of the power cylinder. This movement increases the average temperature ofthe gas in the working volume and hence the pressure in the fixed volume increases.
  • both of the displacers allow the gas to expand and the pressure falls to a low value.
  • the cooling displacer l4 compresses the gas and the power displacer allows it to expand with little change in pressure.
  • the displacers compress the gas,heat is rejected to the ambient and the pressure returns to the high value since heat is being absorbed in the hot cylinder volume 20.
  • the system is completed by providing a heat source 26 to heat the gas in the system.
  • a heat exchanger 28 is connected between the hot regenerator 30 and the cold regenerator 32.
  • the heat exchanger removes excess heat from the system to the ambient.
  • the heat exchanger is used to remove heat from the refrigerator and heat enters the system through this exchanger.
  • the system consists of housing shown generally at 40, having two cylindrically shaped, opposed ends 42 and 44. Within the cylinders are gas displacers 46 and 48. The smaller displacer (46) and cylinder form the cold end of the system. Heat taken from the load on the cold end of the device is given off to the ambient through the fins 50.
  • the cold displacer 46 is provided with a lattice like portion 52 which constitutes the cold regenerator. At the base of the cold displacer is a permanent magnet 54 in which is mounted a seal 56.
  • the hot displacer 48 is provided with a recessed area 58 around the displacer mid-section which acts as a hot regenerator. This displacer is fitted with a permanent magnet 60.
  • the invention has, mesially located, a pair of electro magnets 62 and 64 that are controlled by the altemating current source 65.
  • the gas displacers are moved in a linear motion by the reversing fields of the electromagnets.
  • the gas, moved by the motion of the displacers 46 and 48 passes through the chamber 66 thereby creating the proper expansion and contraction of the gas needed for refrigeration.
  • FIG. 3 concerns an alternative embodiment of the in- ,altemative solutions to the packaging problems inherent in space vehicles.
  • the refrigeration apparatus comprising: a housing, including a first, hot cylinder, and a second, cold cylinder, said cylinders being interconnected to allow the passage of a fluid therebetween; means aflixed to said first cylinder for dissipating heat away from the housing; first and second fluid displacers movably positioned in said first and second cylinders and having recessed areas so shaped as to form regenerative means between said displacers and said cylinders; magnet means positioned at one end of each of the said displacers; magnet means positioned at one end at each of said cylinders; means connected to the housing for causing a magnetic interaction between said cylinders magnet means and said displacers magnet means to cause reciprocating movement of said displacers and thereby causing movement of a fluid from one cylinder to the other cylinder.
  • said magnetic means for causing motion includes a permanent magnet positioned in the base of each of the first and magnets.

Abstract

A magnetically driven cryogenic refrigeration system using the Vuilleumier cycle having hot and cold gas displacer with incorporated regenerators, each displacer positioned in a cylinder and having a permanent magnet in its base, each cylinder having an electro magnet, powered by an alternating power source located at one end and a chamber connecting the hot and cold cylinders for allowing the gas to pass between them.

Description

United States Patent 1191 Leo [ MAGNETICALLY DRIVEN CRYOGEN VUILLEUMIER REFRIGERATOR [75] Inventor: Bruno S. Leo, Santa Monica, Calif.
[73] Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force, Washington, DC. 1
22 Filed: Sept. 9, 1971 21 Appl.No.: 178,866
[ Nov. 27, 1973 3,552,120 1/1971 Beale 62/6 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 185,940 3/1967 U,S.S.R 62/6 Primary Examiner-William J. Wye
' Att0rneyI-larry A. Herbert, Jr. et al.
p 57 ABSTRACT A magnetically driven cryogenic refrigeration system using the Vuilleumier cycle having hot and cold gas displacer with incorporated regenerators, each displacer positioned in a cylinder and having a pennanent magnet in its base, each cylinder having an electro magnet, powered by an alternating power source located at one end and a chamber connecting the hot and cold cylinders for allowing the gas to pass between them.
3 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures 56 63 u 4 m I I 1,,,,,,, ll N/ 21 3,, 3; 2; 21 2/ 54 We NHL 2 Sheets-Sheet ATTORNEYS M'AGNETICALLY DRIVEN CRYOGEN VUILLEUMIERREFRIGERATOR BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to cryogenic refrigerators and more specifically to a magneticallydriven Vuilleumier refrigerator. r I
The'Vuilleumier refrigeration cycle was initially discoveredin the 'earlytwentieth century. Few'practical applications have been made inthe intervening years however, due to the factthat its efficiency is less than other knownrcryogenicrefrigeration cycles at commercial'load size applications.
Recent requirements'for miniature flightweight cryogenicrefrigerators to cool the low heat loads associated with infrared detectors and similar cryoelectronic devices coupled with some potentially inherent advantages of the cyclehave precipitated renewed interest in its evaluation. The cycle can produce cryogenic refrigeration witha source of heat as'the onlyinputrequired.
Thisconcept of utilizing heat energy in lieu of more conventional mechanical energy for'producing refrigeration may seem somewhat paradoxicalyhowever, it is inherent in the Vuilleumier cycle and'offers a number of advantages. For example, in space applications, the required heat source might beobtained via solar collector orthrough use of isotope capsule, thus-obviating the requirement for large amounts of electrical power.
All cryogenic refrigerators employ three basic processes to obtain cooling. In general, all of these -refrigeris more complicated. To accomplish this in an efficient manner the heat that is removed from the gas in cooling it to low temperature must be. added to the, gas in heating it to ambient temperature. The process is accomplished either by countercurrent heat exchanger or thermal regenerators.
In the past cryogenic refrigeratorsusing the Vuilleumier cycle have been constructed in a manner similar to that of the original conventional commercial refrigerators, that is, to use a piston and connecting rod attached to a rotating crank shaft. The crank shaft is turned with an associated motor and drive mechanism. Provided size, weight and maintenance were of little or no consideration, these refrigerators were adequate. However, in space applications these known refrigerators are limited by the aforementioned factors as well as the vibrations caused by the pistons recripicating in orthoginal planes. 7
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION which have no mechanical interconnection. At the base -of each gas displacer is'a permanentmagnet, while" in the base of each cylinder is mounted an electro magnet. As the polarity of the electro magnets is reversed the gas'displacers are attracted or repelled and caused to move with a recipricating motion.
Since there is no connecting rod between the two displacers the hot and cold cylinders may be separated 'by a relatively large distance whereby the cold cylinder may be placed in the area to be cooled while the'hot cylindermay be. positioned at a more'convenient location.
The invention further uses an intemal-regeneration system thereby eliminating extemal hardward and'the use'of valves to control the motion of'thepistons.
It is 'thereofre an object of the invention -toprovide a 'new and improved cryogenic refrigerator.
It is another object of theinvention tojprovide anew and improved magnetically 'driven cryogenic'refrigerator.
'It is a further object of'the invention toprovide a new and improved magneticallydriven cryogenicrefrigerator that uses the Vuilleumier'cycle- -It is still another object of the invention to'p'rovidea new and improved Vuilleumier refrigerator 'that'ope'rates without motors or'drive assemblies. g
It is still a further object of theinvention to provide a new and improved cryogenic refrigerator thatgprovides motion in only one plane.
It is another object of the invention to provide'anew and improved Vuilleumier refrigerator that ontrols DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a typical prior art Vuilleumier cryogenic refrigerator. 7
FIG. 2 is a crossectional view of the invention in compact form. FIG. 3 is a crossectional view of the invention in elongated form.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to FIG. 1, the known prior art type of Vuilleumier refrigerator is a constant volume system wherein the geometrical working volume shown generally at 10 cannot vary because of any motion of the dis- 7 placers 12 and 14. Because of changes in the average The invention overcomes the disadvantages of the temperature of the gas that fills the working volume of the refrigerator, the pressure can and does vary as the displacer moves. Motion of the power displacer 12 toward the center of the crankshaft 16 forces gas to move from the crankcase 18, the temperature of which is approximately that of the radiator, to the hot end 20 of the power cylinder. This movement increases the average temperature ofthe gas in the working volume and hence the pressure in the fixed volume increases.
Similarly, motion of the cool displacer 14 forces some gas to leave the crankcase and flow to the cold ends 22 of the cooling cylinder. In this way the working gas is cooled and its pressure decreases.
When the crankshaft is in the position shown at 24 the pressure in the working volume assumes a high value. As the crank shaft moves in the counterclockwise direction the power displacer 12 compresses the gas since most of it is flowing into the hot cylinder volume and is absorbing heat. The cold cylinder volume is expanding and producing refrigeration because the rest of the gas is pushing the cooling displacer l4 and performing work. The result is that an amount of the working gas, is transferred to the cold end of the cooling cylinder with little change in pressure.
As the crank shaft continues to rotate and the point 24 reaches the lowest point of its travel, both of the displacers allow the gas to expand and the pressure falls to a low value. With further motion the cooling displacer l4 compresses the gas and the power displacer allows it to expand with little change in pressure. As the motion continues to point 24 and beyond, the displacers compress the gas,heat is rejected to the ambient and the pressure returns to the high value since heat is being absorbed in the hot cylinder volume 20.
The system is completed by providing a heat source 26 to heat the gas in the system. A heat exchanger 28 is connected between the hot regenerator 30 and the cold regenerator 32. The heat exchanger removes excess heat from the system to the ambient. The heat exchanger is used to remove heat from the refrigerator and heat enters the system through this exchanger.
Using the same concept of refrigeration discussed with regard to FIG. 1, the invention is shown in FIG. 2. The system consists of housing shown generally at 40, having two cylindrically shaped, opposed ends 42 and 44. Within the cylinders are gas displacers 46 and 48. The smaller displacer (46) and cylinder form the cold end of the system. Heat taken from the load on the cold end of the device is given off to the ambient through the fins 50. The cold displacer 46 is provided with a lattice like portion 52 which constitutes the cold regenerator. At the base of the cold displacer is a permanent magnet 54 in which is mounted a seal 56. The hot displacer 48 is provided with a recessed area 58 around the displacer mid-section which acts as a hot regenerator. This displacer is fitted with a permanent magnet 60.
The invention has, mesially located, a pair of electro magnets 62 and 64 that are controlled by the altemating current source 65.
' In operation the gas displacers are moved in a linear motion by the reversing fields of the electromagnets. The gas, moved by the motion of the displacers 46 and 48 passes through the chamber 66 thereby creating the proper expansion and contraction of the gas needed for refrigeration.
FIG. 3 concerns an alternative embodiment of the in- ,altemative solutions to the packaging problems inherent in space vehicles.
Having thus described my invention in detail, [present the following claims to that which I consider my invention:
l. The refrigeration apparatus comprising: a housing, including a first, hot cylinder, and a second, cold cylinder, said cylinders being interconnected to allow the passage of a fluid therebetween; means aflixed to said first cylinder for dissipating heat away from the housing; first and second fluid displacers movably positioned in said first and second cylinders and having recessed areas so shaped as to form regenerative means between said displacers and said cylinders; magnet means positioned at one end of each of the said displacers; magnet means positioned at one end at each of said cylinders; means connected to the housing for causing a magnetic interaction between said cylinders magnet means and said displacers magnet means to cause reciprocating movement of said displacers and thereby causing movement of a fluid from one cylinder to the other cylinder.
2. A system according to claim 1 wherein said magnetic means for causing motion includes a permanent magnet positioned in the base of each of the first and magnets.

Claims (3)

1. The refrigeration apparatus comprising: a housing, including a first, hot cylinder, and a second, cold cylinder, said cylinders being interconnected to allow the passage of a fluid therebetween; means affixed to said first cylinder for dissipating heat away from the housing; first and second fluid displacers movably positioned in said first and second cylinders and having recessed areas so shaped as to form regenerative means between said displacers and said cylinders; magnet means positioned at one end of each of the said displacers; magnet means positioned at one end at each of said cylinders; means connected to the housing for causing a magnetic interaction between said cylinders magnet means and said displacers magnet means to cause reciprocating movement of said displacers and thereby causing movement of a fluid from one cylinder to the other cyLinder.
2. A system according to claim 1 wherein said magnetic means for causing motion includes a permanent magnet positioned in the base of each of the first and second gas displacers and a pair of electro magnets mounted in the housing.
3. A system according to claim 2 wherein the means for controlling the motion of the gas displacers is a source of alternating current coupled to the electro magnets.
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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3892102A (en) * 1974-03-07 1975-07-01 Hughes Aircraft Co Vuilleumier refrigerator hot cylinder burner head
US4090859A (en) * 1977-03-23 1978-05-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Dual-displacer two-stage split cycle cooler
US4306419A (en) * 1980-10-14 1981-12-22 Aeroflex Laboratories Incorporated Brushless DC motor driven cryogenic refrigeration system
EP0043249A2 (en) * 1980-06-25 1982-01-06 National Research Development Corporation Improvements in or relating to Stirling cycle machines
EP0076726A2 (en) * 1981-10-02 1983-04-13 National Aeronautics And Space Administration Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler
EP0086622A1 (en) * 1982-02-12 1983-08-24 National Research Development Corporation Free piston hot gas engine
WO1984002388A1 (en) * 1982-12-06 1984-06-21 Helix Tech Corp Refrigeration system with clearance seals
US4514987A (en) * 1982-05-25 1985-05-07 Ricor Ltd. Passive automatic phase delay control of the displacer motion in pneumatically driven split cycle type cryocoolers
US4543793A (en) * 1983-08-31 1985-10-01 Helix Technology Corporation Electronic control of cryogenic refrigerators
FR2611031A1 (en) * 1987-02-16 1988-08-19 Commissariat Energie Atomique REFRIGERATOR, IN PARTICULAR A CYCLE OF VUILLEUMIER, COMPRISING PISTONS SUSPENDED BY GAS BEARINGS
US4872313A (en) * 1987-09-04 1989-10-10 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Gas cycle machine
DE4206958A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-16 Viessmann Werke Kg Refrigerator-heat=pump using Vuilleumier cycle - has two pistons inside pressure-tight cylinder with movement of piston rods controlled by electromagnets and springs
DE4206957A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-16 Viessmann Werke Kg EXTERNALLY HEATED, REGENERATIVE, HEATING AND REFRIGERATING MACHINE WORKING AFTER THE VUILLEUMIER CIRCUIT
US5483802A (en) * 1993-06-08 1996-01-16 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Vuilleumier heat pump
US6141971A (en) * 1998-10-20 2000-11-07 Superconductor Technologies, Inc. Cryocooler motor with split return iron
US20040182077A1 (en) * 2002-05-30 2004-09-23 Superconductor Technologies, Inc. Stirling cycle cryocooler with improved magnet ring assembly and gas bearings
US20050056036A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-03-17 Superconductor Technologies, Inc. Integrated cryogenic receiver front-end
US20110126554A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2011-06-02 Brooks Automation Inc. Linear Drive Cryogenic Refrigerator
CN104100410A (en) * 2013-04-10 2014-10-15 广东工业大学 Low-temperature-difference free piston Stirling engine
CN105986924A (en) * 2015-02-04 2016-10-05 华北电力大学（保定） VM circulating heat pump power generation device
US9677794B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2017-06-13 Thermolift, Inc. Heat pump with electromechanically-actuated displacers

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU185940A1 (en) * Бвкл Оте MICROOKER
US1275507A (en) * 1917-01-29 1918-08-13 Rudolph Vuilleumier Method and apparatus for inducing heat changes.
US3220201A (en) * 1965-01-25 1965-11-30 Little Inc A Cryogenic refrigerator operating on the stirling cycle
US3552120A (en) * 1969-03-05 1971-01-05 Research Corp Stirling cycle type thermal device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU185940A1 (en) * Бвкл Оте MICROOKER
US1275507A (en) * 1917-01-29 1918-08-13 Rudolph Vuilleumier Method and apparatus for inducing heat changes.
US3220201A (en) * 1965-01-25 1965-11-30 Little Inc A Cryogenic refrigerator operating on the stirling cycle
US3552120A (en) * 1969-03-05 1971-01-05 Research Corp Stirling cycle type thermal device

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3892102A (en) * 1974-03-07 1975-07-01 Hughes Aircraft Co Vuilleumier refrigerator hot cylinder burner head
US4090859A (en) * 1977-03-23 1978-05-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Dual-displacer two-stage split cycle cooler
EP0043249A2 (en) * 1980-06-25 1982-01-06 National Research Development Corporation Improvements in or relating to Stirling cycle machines
EP0043249A3 (en) * 1980-06-25 1982-07-14 National Research Development Corporation Improvements in or relating to stirling cycle machines
US4397155A (en) * 1980-06-25 1983-08-09 National Research Development Corporation Stirling cycle machines
US4306419A (en) * 1980-10-14 1981-12-22 Aeroflex Laboratories Incorporated Brushless DC motor driven cryogenic refrigeration system
EP0076726A2 (en) * 1981-10-02 1983-04-13 National Aeronautics And Space Administration Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler
EP0076726A3 (en) * 1981-10-02 1984-08-01 National Aeronautics And Space Administration Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler
EP0086622A1 (en) * 1982-02-12 1983-08-24 National Research Development Corporation Free piston hot gas engine
US4514987A (en) * 1982-05-25 1985-05-07 Ricor Ltd. Passive automatic phase delay control of the displacer motion in pneumatically driven split cycle type cryocoolers
WO1984002388A1 (en) * 1982-12-06 1984-06-21 Helix Tech Corp Refrigeration system with clearance seals
US4543793A (en) * 1983-08-31 1985-10-01 Helix Technology Corporation Electronic control of cryogenic refrigerators
US4840032A (en) * 1987-02-16 1989-06-20 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Refrigerator, more particularly with Vuilleumier cycle, comprising pistons suspended by gas bearings
EP0279739A1 (en) * 1987-02-16 1988-08-24 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Refrigerator, particularly one using a Vuilleumier cycle, having pistons suspended by gas bearings
FR2611031A1 (en) * 1987-02-16 1988-08-19 Commissariat Energie Atomique REFRIGERATOR, IN PARTICULAR A CYCLE OF VUILLEUMIER, COMPRISING PISTONS SUSPENDED BY GAS BEARINGS
US4872313A (en) * 1987-09-04 1989-10-10 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Gas cycle machine
DE4206958A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-16 Viessmann Werke Kg Refrigerator-heat=pump using Vuilleumier cycle - has two pistons inside pressure-tight cylinder with movement of piston rods controlled by electromagnets and springs
DE4206957A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-16 Viessmann Werke Kg EXTERNALLY HEATED, REGENERATIVE, HEATING AND REFRIGERATING MACHINE WORKING AFTER THE VUILLEUMIER CIRCUIT
US5483802A (en) * 1993-06-08 1996-01-16 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Vuilleumier heat pump
US6141971A (en) * 1998-10-20 2000-11-07 Superconductor Technologies, Inc. Cryocooler motor with split return iron
US6427450B1 (en) 1998-10-20 2002-08-06 Superconductor Technologies, Inc. Cryocooler motor with split return iron
US20040182077A1 (en) * 2002-05-30 2004-09-23 Superconductor Technologies, Inc. Stirling cycle cryocooler with improved magnet ring assembly and gas bearings
US6880335B2 (en) 2002-05-30 2005-04-19 Superconductor Technologies, Inc. Stirling cycle cryocooler with improved magnet ring assembly and gas bearings
US20050056036A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-03-17 Superconductor Technologies, Inc. Integrated cryogenic receiver front-end
US20110126554A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2011-06-02 Brooks Automation Inc. Linear Drive Cryogenic Refrigerator
US8413452B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2013-04-09 Brooks Automation, Inc. Linear drive cryogenic refrigerator
US9677794B2 (en) 2012-04-11 2017-06-13 Thermolift, Inc. Heat pump with electromechanically-actuated displacers
EP2836772B1 (en) * 2012-04-11 2021-05-05 Thermolift Inc. Heat pump with electomechanically-actuated displacers
CN104100410A (en) * 2013-04-10 2014-10-15 广东工业大学 Low-temperature-difference free piston Stirling engine
CN105986924A (en) * 2015-02-04 2016-10-05 华北电力大学（保定） VM circulating heat pump power generation device

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