US3775549A - Electrically insulating polyproplyene laminate paper and oil-impregnated electric power cable using said laminate paper - Google Patents

Electrically insulating polyproplyene laminate paper and oil-impregnated electric power cable using said laminate paper Download PDF

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US3775549A
US3775549A US3775549DA US3775549A US 3775549 A US3775549 A US 3775549A US 3775549D A US3775549D A US 3775549DA US 3775549 A US3775549 A US 3775549A
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Prior art keywords
paper
electrically insulating
laminate
oil
polypropylene
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S Matsuda
H Kuwabara
H Kubo
Y Sasajima
K Suzuki
T Fukamachi
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Tomoegawa Paper Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Tomoegawa Paper Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP4547871A external-priority patent/JPS5410712B1/ja
Priority claimed from JP5057271A external-priority patent/JPS5133279B1/ja
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/10Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/48Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances fibrous materials
    • H01B3/485Other fibrous materials fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/08Impregnating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/16Drying; Softening; Cleaning
    • B32B38/164Drying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/30Drying; Impregnating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/206Insulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/514Oriented
    • B32B2307/518Oriented bi-axially
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/724Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B32B2307/7242Non-permeable
    • B32B2307/7244Oxygen barrier
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2309/00Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
    • B32B2309/08Dimensions, e.g. volume
    • B32B2309/10Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
    • B32B2309/105Thickness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2317/00Animal or vegetable based
    • B32B2317/12Paper, e.g. cardboard
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2323/00Polyalkenes
    • B32B2323/10Polypropylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00Electrical equipment
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/3188Next to cellulosic
    • Y10T428/31895Paper or wood

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An insulation for electric cables which comprises a biaxially oriented polypropylene film bonded to an oilimpregnated paper by means of a melt-extruded polyolefin adhesive and the resulting insulated cable are disclosed.
  • plastic films having low tan 8 as such an electrically insulating tape, instead ofthe conventional electricallyinsulating paper.
  • the plastic films have very good initial impulse strength dielectric characteristics, but have the defect that they are drastically deteriorated in resistances to repeated application of impulse voltage or to AC voltage for prolonged periods'of time. In addition, they have the temperature dependent characteristics inherent in plastic films or have large polar effects on impulse voltage.
  • the plastic films have poor work ing efficiency, for example in tape winding operations, because of lack of rigidity, and the packing action inherent in the plastic films makes it difficult to dry electric cables or other electric machinery under vacuum which in turn leads to poor flowability of insulating gases-or oils.
  • oil-impregnated paper has inferior dielectric characteristics or electric breakdown strength compared to the plastic films, but is superior in other respects.
  • the tan of oil'- impregnated paper is considered to be 0.1 percent at the lowest, and temperature rise due to tan 8 loss exerts I limitations on the application of electric cables or other equipment to extrahigh voltage and on the reduction in size of such electric equipment.
  • a system has been devised which consists of alternate winding of the above-described plastic film and oilimpregnated paper in an attempt to utilize the merits of these two materials.
  • this system is so arranged that the plastic film faces the conductor, it is weak to positively polar impulses.
  • the electrically insulating paper may be first wound facing the conductor and then the plastic film is wound thereon, in the case of transformers or capacitors. With electric cables, a larger proportion of the plastic film faces the conductor side in an oil layer and the defect of weakness to positively polar impulses is not eliminated.
  • this alternately wound system too,
  • the plastic film of small rigidity needs to be wound alone, and therefore, improvement in working efficiency can hardly be hoped for.
  • the present invention has eliminated the' abovementioned defects, and its first feature is to provide an electrically insulating polypropylene laminate paper comprising an integrated assembly of a biaxially stretched polypropylene film and an electrically insulating paper bonded to each other through the medium of a molten polyolefin such as polypropylene or an ethylene/propylene copolymer.
  • a second feature of this invention is to provide an electric cable wherein a tape of the above-mentioned electrically insulating polypropylene laminate paper is wound on an electric conductor to form insulation layers, and an insulation oil is impregnated therein.
  • a third feature of this invention is to provide an electric cable impregnated with an electrically insulating oil by winding the electrically insulating polypropylene laminate on a conductor while the electrically insulating paper is being rendered wet, and then drying it to remove moisture, which process is based on the utilization of the moisture absorbing characteristics of the electrically insulating paper.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a single-core OF cable of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) show the results of an impulse breakdown test on a sheet impregnated with an alkylbenzene oil.
  • FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are enlarged sectional views of the insulating layer(s) of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows the result of an impulse breakdown test on an OF paper-polypropylene sheet impregnated with an alkylbenzene oil.
  • FIG. 5 shows the variation in the amount of oil which is impregnated into different types of cables with immersion time in the oil.
  • the polypropylene used is an unoriented polypropylene which has inferior properties to biaxially oriented polypropylene.
  • polystyrene resin examples of the polyolefin as an adum 121.6 3 3.0 10 hesive are polypropylene and an ethylene/propylene V copolymer.
  • the experimental results will be described l rifi b le l", the x'c t'retkaawa"Stran ers "a time below.
  • the pea s trength is a v alue of ilf'stfrengtlfof a 15 of OF oil, insulation thickness and conductor diameter. mm wide sample measured by a tensile tester. The oil Larger values show that the inherent oil flow resistancev resistance is evaluated by observing the shape of the of the material is large. It is seen from the results shown sample after it has been immersed for 5 days at 80 C in Table 1 that the sample (B) consisting of the electriin an alkylbenzene.
  • the tan 8 is a value measured at cal insulation paper and the biaxially oriented polypro- Hz at C while the sample contains the alkylbenzene pylene film is superior in AC breakdown strength and impregnated therein.
  • the impulse strength is a value oil resistance. A greater difference is the oil flow resis- 60 measured with respect 'to a flat plate sample impregtance.
  • Experience of the inventors of this invention innated with the alkylbenzene same as in the case of the dicates that if a cable has a coefficient of inherent oil impulse strength, with the insulating paper being diflow resistance of about 6.2 X 10 cm or less, it can rected to the side of the positive pole.
  • samples (A) and (P), which fluctuations in oil pressure which are inherent to ca- 6 were produced by melting polypropylene or an bles: FI'OmIhIS VIeWPOmI, the Sample COHSlStlHg 0f ethylene/propylene copolymer by the extrusion process the lnsulatlng paper nd the unorlented p lypr py to make them filmy, and bonding a biaxially oriented poses a problem 111 P acti efilm of polypropylene to an electrical insulating paper using said molten polypropyleneor ethylene/propylene copolymer as an adhesive, were best balanced in respect of bondystrength, oil resistance, tan and impulse strength.
  • the biaxially oriented polypropylene film had "been Stretched Ito 48X" (longitudinal stretch x 3 transverse stretch).
  • the biaxially ori- ,insu'lating paper faces the conductor, the polypropylene film surface does not face the conductor in an oil layer. Therefore, such an insulated cable does not produce'a polar effect which isseen in the conventional plastic tape-wound cable which hasweak resistance to positively polar impulses, and moreover proves far superior to oil-impregnated paper in respect of electric breakdown strength and dielectricloss.
  • the thickness of the polypropylene film adhesive should preferably be as thin as possible. This swelling can be reduced by the compression characteristics of the biaxially oriented polypropylene film and electrically insulating paper.
  • a thin electrically insulating paper having low strength is l j,;,. i 3,775,549
  • the thickness of the polypropylene film adhesive should be as thin as possible.
  • the sample was then heated at C, and then taken out after a lapse of 30 days.
  • The-sample was unwound and it was found that the sample in which the thickness of the polypropylene film adhesive was 70 p. m torn off partially at the part of the insulating paper. This shows that owing to the swelling of the polypropylene, the paperwas cut.
  • the results of this experiment showed that the thickness of the polypropylene film adhesive should be about three-fourths or less of the thickness of the insulating paper to be used. In order to prevent the tear of the paper by the swelling of polypropylene,
  • the insulating paper to be used should also be as thin as possible.
  • the biaxially oriented polypropylene film is available in a wide variety of thicknesses. Those having large thickness (about p. m or more) cause a reduction in electric breakdown strength, and therefore, in the laminated paper of this invention, the thickness of the biaxially oriented polypropylene film should preferably be not more than about 100 p. m.
  • Samples were prepared by bonding a 60 p. m biaxially oriented polypropylene film to an insulating paper of various thicknesses using 15 p. m thick polypropylene as adhesive in accordance with the extrusion process. Each of these samples was immersed in a cable oil, and changes of the impulse strength of the sample according to the thickness of the insulating paper were examined. The results are given in Table 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a single-core OF cable in accordance with this invention.
  • the reference numeral 1 represents a copper or aluminum conductor; 3"! er al..ssmircq d s ei stall; an t rna semi-conductor layer; 3, an insulation layer composed of a tape of a polypropylene laminate paper of this invention consisting of a biaxially oriented polypropylene film and an electrically insulating paper and being impregnated with an insulating oil, forexample OF-oil, dedecylbenzen e tridecylbenzene mono-dialkylated naphthalene; 4, a metal sheath; and 5, an anti-corrosive layer.
  • plastic films have good initial voltage resistance characteristics but have the defect of being considerably deteriorated in breakdown characteristics against repeated application of impulse or AC voltage for prolonged periods of time, and also have the disadvantage that they have temperature'dependent characteristics, a property inherent in plastics and exert a large polar effect. Furthermore, creases may occur at the time of manufacture of the cables or building a transmission system using the cables, or because of packing action between the plastic films, there are problems of poor vacuum formation, poor impregnation of oil, and bad oil resistance. These difficulties set limitations on the practical use of the plastic films for cable insulation.
  • oil-impregnated paper has been in wide use as an insulation layer of selfcontained or type-filled oil-incorporated electric cables, of cablesof 60'KV to 500'KV because of its superiority in various properties other than dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent.
  • the dielectric constant of such oil-impregnated'paper is limited to 3.4-3.7, and its dielectric loss tangent is 0.1 percent at the lowest. Therefore, limitations are imposed by temperature increases owing to tan 8 loss, and it has been considered difficult to build cables of l the order of 1,000 KV even if forced cooling is applied.
  • the cable of this invention is so designed that the ratio of e of an oil-impregnated tape layer to that of an insulation oil'(e ,/e, is limitedto 1-1.5, whereby stress on oil has been drastically reduced as compared with the conventional OF cables, and the voltage resistance of the entire cable has been improved.
  • FIGS. 2-(a) and 2-(b) show theresults of an impulse breakdown test on a sheet impregnated with an alkylbenzene oil.
  • FIG. 2-(a) shows that when an electrically insulating paper having high air-impermeability is integrated with a biaxially oriented polypropylene film, an increase in voltage resistance can be obtained. With an air-impermeability of 200 Gurley seconds, the voltage strength is considerably decreased, and for practical purposes, this is a minimum allowable value. Paper having an' air-impermeability lower than this value is unsuitable.
  • FIG. Z-(b) shows that when the insulating paper is provided on an oil layer surface facing the conductor, there is no polar effect. of impulse strength,
  • the insulation layer of a cable may be built by alternately winding a biaxially oriented polypropylene film and an electrically insulating paper, but since the polypropylene surface more frequently faces the conductor side in the oil layer, the voltage strength decreases for the abovementioned reason and the polar effect of the impulse becomes greater. This method is therefore not so preferred.
  • FIG. 3-(a) and '3-(b) are enlarged sectional views of the insulating layer produced according to this invention.
  • the reference numeral 1 represents a' copper or an impulse-breakdown strength test.
  • the results are shown in FIG. 4.
  • a I v It is seen fromthis figure that theimpuls e strength of this cable improved about 50 percent, over the conventional OFmodel cable. It can be concluded-from these results thatthe working. stress near the conductor can be increased to m 30 KV/mm, and there can be produced cables of the order of 1,000KV having a drastically reduced insulation thickness and being capable of being wound up on a drum.
  • the electric cables in which the polypropylene laminate paper of this invention is wound possess the characteristics of boththe plastic and insulating paper, and are free from creases which pose problems at the time of building a transmission system using the cables and have improved oil impregnating properties as well as improved electrical properties.
  • dielectric constant (6) can be easily controlled within 2.2-3.4, and the electric field can be relaxed by the difference in e of the insulation layer.
  • Improvement in voltage strength can be achieved since the ratioof the dielectric constant between the insulation tape layer and the insulationoil (gle approaches l and the voltage can be borne by the polypropylene laminate paper having highvoltage strength. Furthermore, the dielectric loss tangent of the cable can be maintained at 0.05 percent or less, which is considered to be difficult with an oil-impregnated paper,
  • An oil-impregnated electric power cable comprising an electrical conductor and insulation surrounding said conductor, at least a portion of said insulation comprising an electrically insulating polypropylenepaper laminate consisting of an integrated assembly selected from the group consisting of polypropylene and a propylene copolymer containing a major proportion of propylene units, the thickness of said adhesive being less than the thicknesses of each of said paper and said film and being as small as possible without substantially sacrificing the bond strength exhibited between said electrically insulating paper and said polypropylene film, said electrically insulating polypropylene-paper laminate having an electrically insulating oil impregnated therein.
  • propylene is non-hygroscopic.

Abstract

An insulation for electric cables which comprises a biaxially oriented polypropylene film bonded to an oil-impregnated paper by means of a melt-extruded polyolefin adhesive and the resulting insulated cable are disclosed.

Description

, United States Patent 1191 1111 3,775,549 Nov. 27, 1973 Matsuda et, a1,
[ ELECTRICALLY INSULATING ,POLYPROPLYENE LAMINATE PAPER AND OIL-IMPREGNATED ELECTRIC PowER CABLE USING SAID LAMINATE P PER 7'5 lnventorsz 51111 11 Matsuda; Hidemitsu Kuwabara, both of Shizuoka; Hiroshi Kubo, Osaka; Yoichi Sasajima, Osaka; Kensuke Suzuki, all of Osaka; Takashi Fukamachi, Tokyo, all of Japan [73] Assignees: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.,
Osaka; Tomoegawa Paper Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan [22] Filed: June 23, 1972 [2!] Appl. No.: 265,896
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data 174/110 PM, 120 R, 120 FP,120 SR;
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,194,872 7/1965 Garner 174/25 R 3,450,968 6/1969 Cox 174/25 R X 3,560,227 2/1971 Eichom et al. 161/250 X 3,634,546 l/1972 l-lagemayer et a1 161/250 X 7 3,594,489 7/1971 Katz 174/110 PM X 3,370,106 2/1968 Hall, Jr. 161/250 X 3,607,987 9/1971 Walton 161/250 X 3,497,574 2/1970 Press 161/250 X 3,542,717 11/1970 Lipman.... 161/250 3,380,868 4/1968 Oriskany... 161/252 X 3,671,383 6/1972 Sakata eta 161/252 Primary Examiner-Bernard A. Gilheany Assistant Examiner-A. T. Grimley Attorney-Richard C. Sughrue et a1.
[5 7] ABSTRACT An insulation for electric cables which comprises a biaxially oriented polypropylene film bonded to an oilimpregnated paper by means of a melt-extruded polyolefin adhesive and the resulting insulated cable are disclosed.
12 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures no. m
RATENTEURU ETUTT 3775-549 5200- gag OIL PRESSURE. lKg/ 2 gm CABLE MODEL 2 g; [50- LENGTH m m INSULATION E THICKNESS g TAPE WIDTH lgmm c VENTI AL SAMPLE OF ABLE TrODEL CABLE MODELOF INSULATED CELL- OSE PAPER TAPES 'NVENT'ON POLARITYANDY v TEMPERATURE $9 @9 80C H6 4 I ES/El L7 L2 v P ATENTEUuuv 27 m;
BLT/5549 sum 3 OF 3 IOO cm (s095c PRESSURE DIFFERENCE CABLE LENGTH TEMPERATURE OF OIL IMMERSED PERI0D (0AY) FIG. 5
BACKGROUND OF THE INvENTIoN FIELD OF THE INvENTIoN nate paper.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART In recent years, electric machinery such as oilimpregnated electric cables as a typical example which withstand extra high voltages have been developed, and on the other hand, for the purpose of reducing the cost, there is a tendency towards the production of smaller size electric machinery. Therefore, solid insulating material for use in suchelectric machinery, especially, electrically insulating tapes, require superior dielectric characteristics such as dielectric loss tangent (tan 8) or dielectric breakdown. strength against impulse voltage or AC. voltage, and also superior mechanical strength and operability.
Attempts have been made to use plastic films having low tan 8 as such an electrically insulating tape, instead ofthe conventional electricallyinsulating paper. The plastic films have very good initial impulse strength dielectric characteristics, but have the defect that they are drastically deteriorated in resistances to repeated application of impulse voltage or to AC voltage for prolonged periods'of time. In addition, they have the temperature dependent characteristics inherent in plastic films or have large polar effects on impulse voltage. As further disadvantages, the plastic films have poor work ing efficiency, for example in tape winding operations, because of lack of rigidity, and the packing action inherent in the plastic films makes it difficult to dry electric cables or other electric machinery under vacuum which in turn leads to poor flowability of insulating gases-or oils.
On the otherhand, oil-impregnated paper has inferior dielectric characteristics or electric breakdown strength compared to the plastic films, but is superior in other respects. However, the tan of oil'- impregnated paper is considered to be 0.1 percent at the lowest, and temperature rise due to tan 8 loss exerts I limitations on the application of electric cables or other equipment to extrahigh voltage and on the reduction in size of such electric equipment.
A system has been devised which consists of alternate winding of the above-described plastic film and oilimpregnated paper in an attempt to utilize the merits of these two materials. However, when this system is so arranged that the plastic film faces the conductor, it is weak to positively polar impulses. In order to avoid this, the electrically insulating paper may be first wound facing the conductor and then the plastic film is wound thereon, in the case of transformers or capacitors. With electric cables, a larger proportion of the plastic film faces the conductor side in an oil layer and the defect of weakness to positively polar impulses is not eliminated. In this alternately wound system, too,
the plastic film of small rigidity needs to be wound alone, and therefore, improvement in working efficiency can hardly be hoped for.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has eliminated the' abovementioned defects, and its first feature is to provide an electrically insulating polypropylene laminate paper comprising an integrated assembly of a biaxially stretched polypropylene film and an electrically insulating paper bonded to each other through the medium of a molten polyolefin such as polypropylene or an ethylene/propylene copolymer.
A second feature of this invention is to provide an electric cable wherein a tape of the above-mentioned electrically insulating polypropylene laminate paper is wound on an electric conductor to form insulation layers, and an insulation oil is impregnated therein.
A third feature of this invention is to provide an electric cable impregnated with an electrically insulating oil by winding the electrically insulating polypropylene laminate on a conductor while the electrically insulating paper is being rendered wet, and then drying it to remove moisture, which process is based on the utilization of the moisture absorbing characteristics of the electrically insulating paper.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a single-core OF cable of the present invention.
FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) show the results of an impulse breakdown test on a sheet impregnated with an alkylbenzene oil.
FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are enlarged sectional views of the insulating layer(s) of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the result of an impulse breakdown test on an OF paper-polypropylene sheet impregnated with an alkylbenzene oil.
FIG. 5 shows the variation in the amount of oil which is impregnated into different types of cables with immersion time in the oil.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS film. We have made an extensive research and develop-.
ment work on the production of an insulating material by combining a polypropylene film with an electrically insulating paper, and found that a polypropylene laminate paper comprising an assembly of a biaxially oriented polypropylene film and an electrically insulating paper bonded to each other by a molten polyolefin proves excellent.
It has previously been attempted to use an insulating material produced by laminating polypropylene on an electrically insulating paper by the extrusion process. According to this process, the polypropylene used is an unoriented polypropylene which has inferior properties to biaxially oriented polypropylene.
This was experimentally confirmed as follows: Polypropylene was extruded in the molten state in a thickness of p. on the extrusion process onto a 12511. m thick insulation paper for electric cables (to be abbreviated to OF hereinafter). The resultant laminate paper was designated as (A). A 60y. m thick biaxially I Biaxially oriented polypropylene films are relatively oriented polypropylene film was superposed on OF 125 low in cost, and are superior to polyethylene films in while melt-extruding polypropylene in a thickness of heat resistance, oil resistance and electric breakdown 30p. m onto OF 125 by the extrusion process. The restrength. Therefore, they are preferred materials for suiting laminate paper was designated as (B). The A.C. 5 laminate insulations based on an insulating paper. The breakdown strength, oil resistance and oil flow resisinventors of the present invention studied an insulation F i 9 s P (A) and (B) were measured. material comprising an integrated assembly of an insu- The results are given in Table 1. lating p p and 3 biaXially oriented polypropylene film on the basis of the overall consideration of the above- TABLE 1 mentioned results.
Coefficient We then studied a method of incorporating an elec- AC Oil of inherent Breakdown Resistance on How trlcal insulating paper with a biaxially oriented polypro- Strength (Swelling Resistance pylene film. As a result, we have experimentally found (a) ffig sz Ram I that an insulation material consisting of an electrically poi'ypm'pylgne 113-0 Insulating paper/an unorlented polyolefin/a biaxially u 108-7 1 113x1013 oriented polypropylene film which was obtained by g bonding the first and third components with the second nm/biaxially component in the molten state by the extrusion process ggf gl g g 6O w 7 v V M H is by far superior. Examples of the polyolefin as an adum 121.6 3 3.0 10 hesive are polypropylene and an ethylene/propylene V copolymer. The experimental results will be described l rifi b le l", the x'c t'retkaawa"Stran ers "a time below.
measured at 60 Hz with reference to OF oil- It is known that a biaxially oriented polypropylene impregnated flat plate sample. The oil resistance is a film has poor adhesiveness. On the other hand, it is necratio (swelling ratio) of the thickness of the sample beessary to use an adhesive which does not adversely affore impregnation of OF oil to that of the sample which feet the dielectric characteristics of the insulation. In has been immersed for days at 80 C in OF oil and the experiments, laminate papers prepared by various completely swollen with OF oil. FIG. 5 shows that the known methods, and integrated assemblies of an elecquantity of oil exhausted from cable model for 30 mintrically insulating paper anda biaxially oriented polyutes under constant pressure difference is plotted 30 propylene film bonded to each otherby an extrusionagainst immersed period at elevated temperature. The molded molten polypropylene or ethylene/propylene coefficient of inherent oil flow resistance in Table l copolymer adhesive were compared with each other in means the value calculated from the value at the staurespect of bond strength, oil resistance; tan 8 and imrated point in FIG. 5. The coefficient of inherent oil pulse strength. The results are shownin Table 2. As flow resistance is the oil resistance value at complete samples, a 60 mp thick biaxially stretched polypropylequilibrium of a model cable produced by using sample ene film and a 35 pm thick insulating paper for electric (A) or (B), which value has been corrected with refercables were used.
W. TAELE 2 W A Peeling Impulse strength strenglth (g./l5 Tan, (K Samples mm.) Oil resistance percent mm.)
(A) Integrated using molten polypropylene as an adhesive by the extrusion No part peeled off 0. 030 327 recess. (B Integrated using chlorinated polypropylene as an adhesive 0.5 Completely separated into the 121- 0.775 325 axially stretched polypropylene film and the insulation paper. (C) Integrated using chlorinated rubber 8 .-...d0. 1.013 302 (D) Integrated using polyurethane as an adhesive 4 do O. 142 310 (E) The biaxially oriented polypropylene was heatbonded to the insulating 45 No part. peeled ofi; but the surface 0.035 280 paper. became roughened.
(F) Integrated using a molten ethylene/propylene copolymer as an adhesive 138 No part peeled off 0. 031 318 by the extrusion process.
e'n''io the oil pressurefnieasurement length, viscosity The pea s trength is a v alue of ilf'stfrengtlfof a 15 of OF oil, insulation thickness and conductor diameter. mm wide sample measured by a tensile tester. The oil Larger values show that the inherent oil flow resistancev resistance is evaluated by observing the shape of the of the material is large. It is seen from the results shown sample after it has been immersed for 5 days at 80 C in Table 1 that the sample (B) consisting of the electriin an alkylbenzene. The tan 8 is a value measured at cal insulation paper and the biaxially oriented polypro- Hz at C while the sample contains the alkylbenzene pylene film is superior in AC breakdown strength and impregnated therein. The impulse strength is a value oil resistance. A greater difference is the oil flow resis- 60 measured with respect 'to a flat plate sample impregtance. Experience of the inventors of this invention innated with the alkylbenzene same as in the case of the dicates that if a cable has a coefficient of inherent oil impulse strength, with the insulating paper being diflow resistance of about 6.2 X 10 cm or less, it can rected to the side of the positive pole.
be used without any disadvantage against transient As shown in Table 2, samples (A) and (P), which fluctuations in oil pressure which are inherent to ca- 6 were produced by melting polypropylene or an bles: FI'OmIhIS VIeWPOmI, the Sample COHSlStlHg 0f ethylene/propylene copolymer by the extrusion process the lnsulatlng paper nd the unorlented p lypr py to make them filmy, and bonding a biaxially oriented poses a problem 111 P acti efilm of polypropylene to an electrical insulating paper using said molten polypropyleneor ethylene/propylene copolymer as an adhesive, were best balanced in respect of bondystrength, oil resistance, tan and impulse strength. The biaxially oriented polypropylene film had "been Stretched Ito 48X" (longitudinal stretch x 3 transverse stretch)..- 1 i lna laminate insulatingpaper obtained by bonding a latingpaper by a molten polyolefin in the abovementionedmanner, the low rigidity of the biaxially ori- ,insu'lating paper faces the conductor, the polypropylene film surface does not face the conductor in an oil layer. Therefore, such an insulated cable does not produce'a polar effect which isseen in the conventional plastic tape-wound cable which hasweak resistance to positively polar impulses, and moreover proves far superior to oil-impregnated paper in respect of electric breakdown strength and dielectricloss.
' Changes in electrical-and physical characteristics ac cording to the thickness of the polyolefin asan adhesive were examined with respect to polypropylene (unoriented polypropylene). Generally, an unoriented polypropylene filmhas inferior electric characteristics and oil resistance as compared to a biaxially oriented polypropylenefl film, and therefore, it is expected that the molten polypropylene should better be made into a film which is as thin' as can retain thebond strength of the molten polypropylene. The inventorsof the present invention confirmed this by' basic experiments. Table 3 shows how the impulse strength and oil resis;
tance (swelling property) of a laminate paper obtained by bonding a 40 pm'thickbiaxially oriented polypropylene film to a 70 pm thick insulating paper for electric cables using molten polypropylene adhesive in. accordance'with the extrusion process change with the thickness of the polypropylene film adhesive. The test was conducted by immersing the sample in an alkylbenzene and heating it at 80 C for 20 days.
TABLE 3 Thickness of molten Impulse Strength Swelling Ratio polypropylene (urn) (KV/mm) 270 5.0 250 6.2 30 233 7.2 50 201 8.8 70 177 Y 10.0
* The ratio of the thickness of the sample before kmpregnation to that of the sample which was heated at 80 C for 20 days in the alkylbenzene.
- It is seen therefore that with increasing thickness of the polypropylene film adhesive,the impulse strength decreases, and the swelling of the sample by oil be- 2 comes greater. Hence, the thickness of the polypropylene film adhesive should preferably be as thin as possible. This swelling can be reduced by the compression characteristics of the biaxially oriented polypropylene film and electrically insulating paper. However, if a thin electrically insulating paper having low strength is l j,;,. i 3,775,549
biaxially oriented polypropylene to anelectrically insuused, it may possibly be cut by the swelling force of the polypropylene in the thickness direction, In view of this also, it is preferred that the thickness of the polypropylene film adhesive should be as thin as possible. To confirm this, we have conducted the following experiment.
The samples shown in Table 3 were cut into tapes with a width of 10 mm, with the applicationof a tension of 1 Kg, each of the samples was wound on a glass tube having a diameter of 12.5 mm in a thickness of about 5 mm, followed by immersion in an alkylbenzene. The
sample was then heated at C, and then taken out after a lapse of 30 days. The-sample was unwound and it was found that the sample in which the thickness of the polypropylene film adhesive was 70 p. m torn off partially at the part of the insulating paper. This shows that owing to the swelling of the polypropylene, the paperwas cut. The results of this experiment showed that the thickness of the polypropylene film adhesive should be about three-fourths or less of the thickness of the insulating paper to be used. In order to prevent the tear of the paper by the swelling of polypropylene,
thick paper of high strength may be used. But if the proportion of the insulating paper in anassembly of the insulating paper, molten polypropylene and a bi-axially oriented polypropylene film becomes large, the advantage of using the biaxially oriented polypropylene film having excellent electrical properties is reduced. Accordingly, the insulating paper to be used should also be as thin as possible.
The biaxially oriented polypropylene film is available in a wide variety of thicknesses. Those having large thickness (about p. m or more) cause a reduction in electric breakdown strength, and therefore, in the laminated paper of this invention, the thickness of the biaxially oriented polypropylene film should preferably be not more than about 100 p. m.
Confirmatory experiments relating to the influences of the thickness of the insulation paper to impulse strength will be described below. v
Samples were prepared by bonding a 60 p. m biaxially oriented polypropylene film to an insulating paper of various thicknesses using 15 p. m thick polypropylene as adhesive in accordance with the extrusion process. Each of these samples was immersed in a cable oil, and changes of the impulse strength of the sample according to the thickness of the insulating paper were examined. The results are given in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Thickness of the insulating paper impulse Strength (M (K /mm) 40 330 70 266 222 184 200 x40 strength of this sample were measured. The results are ow in TilPlFi I defect of low impulse strength possessed by apolypropylene fiber-'basedelectrically insulating paper can be eliminated drastically by incorporating it with the biaxiallyoriented polypropylene film described above. Furthermor'e, by using an alkylbenzene which has low dielectric constant (e), the dielectric constant (e) of the entire composite can be further reduced, and the tan 8 also decreases.
In the following, oil-impregnated electric power cables using the polypropylene laminate paper of this invention will be described.
FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a single-core OF cable in accordance with this invention. The reference numeral 1 represents a copper or aluminum conductor; 3"! er al..ssmircq d s ei stall; an t rna semi-conductor layer; 3, an insulation layer composed of a tape of a polypropylene laminate paper of this invention consisting of a biaxially oriented polypropylene film and an electrically insulating paper and being impregnated with an insulating oil, forexample OF-oil, dedecylbenzen e tridecylbenzene mono-dialkylated naphthalene; 4, a metal sheath; and 5, an anti-corrosive layer. t
Of late, superhigh voltage cables have been developed. In order to provide at low cost an extra-high voltage cablehaving a'thin insulation layer and a decreased outer diameter which can be wound ona small-sized drum, the alternate current working stress should be increased to as high as 20 to 30 KV/mm from 7 to KV/mmwhich is in current use. Therefore, the impulse, AC strength and tan 8 (dielectric loss tangent), which pose a problem in setting the working stress, should have excellent stability over prolonged periods of time. A number of attempts have previously been made to employ plastic films, such as polyethylene or polycarbonate films, having low dielectric constant (e) and low tan 8 in extra-high voltage cables, as already mentioned above. These plastic films have good initial voltage resistance characteristics but have the defect of being considerably deteriorated in breakdown characteristics against repeated application of impulse or AC voltage for prolonged periods of time, and also have the disadvantage that they have temperature'dependent characteristics, a property inherent in plastics and exert a large polar effect. Furthermore, creases may occur at the time of manufacture of the cables or building a transmission system using the cables, or because of packing action between the plastic films, there are problems of poor vacuum formation, poor impregnation of oil, and bad oil resistance. These difficulties set limitations on the practical use of the plastic films for cable insulation. On the other hand, oil-impregnated paper has been in wide use as an insulation layer of selfcontained or type-filled oil-incorporated electric cables, of cablesof 60'KV to 500'KV because of its superiority in various properties other than dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent. However, the dielectric constant of such oil-impregnated'paper is limited to 3.4-3.7, and its dielectric loss tangent is 0.1 percent at the lowest. Therefore, limitations are imposed by temperature increases owing to tan 8 loss, and it has been considered difficult to build cables of l the order of 1,000 KV even if forced cooling is applied.
In view of the above, the cable of this invention is so designed that the ratio of e of an oil-impregnated tape layer to that of an insulation oil'(e ,/e, is limitedto 1-1.5, whereby stress on oil has been drastically reduced as compared with the conventional OF cables, and the voltage resistance of the entire cable has been improved.
FIGS. 2-(a) and 2-(b) show theresults of an impulse breakdown test on a sheet impregnated with an alkylbenzene oil. FIG. 2-(a) shows that when an electrically insulating paper having high air-impermeability is integrated with a biaxially oriented polypropylene film, an increase in voltage resistance can be obtained. With an air-impermeability of 200 Gurley seconds, the voltage strength is considerably decreased, and for practical purposes, this is a minimum allowable value. Paper having an' air-impermeability lower than this value is unsuitable. FIG. Z-(b) shows that when the insulating paper is provided on an oil layer surface facing the conductor, there is no polar effect. of impulse strength,
which is inherent in plastics- These facts indicatethat the air-impermeability of the electrically insulating paper should be at least 200 Gurley seconds, and that the winding of the electrically insulating paper to face the conductor side is effective. Since paper with high air-impermeability is expected to have a great effect of trapping ions or electrons generated by a strong electric field, it is considered to contribute to an improvement in voltage strength. When in an OF cable utilizing a plastic film and an oil layer is provided on the side of a conductor, and the plastic surface is in contact with the oil layer, application of impulse of positive polarity to the conductor side causes a decrease in the intensity of the impulse owing to the collision of positive. ions, etc. In other instances (for example, when an impulse of negative polarity is applied, or a cushioning material such as an insulating paper is interposed between the oil layer and the plastic surface), a decrease in voltage strength does not occur even by application of impulses of positive polarity.
For practical purposes, the insulation layer of a cable may be built by alternately winding a biaxially oriented polypropylene film and an electrically insulating paper, but since the polypropylene surface more frequently faces the conductor side in the oil layer, the voltage strength decreases for the abovementioned reason and the polar effect of the impulse becomes greater. This method is therefore not so preferred.
FIG. 3-(a) and '3-(b) are enlarged sectional views of the insulating layer produced according to this invention. The reference numeral 1 represents a' copper or an impulse-breakdown strength test. The resultsare shown in FIG. 4. a I v It is seen fromthis figure that theimpuls e strength of this cable improved about 50 percent, over the conventional OFmodel cable. It can be concluded-from these results thatthe working. stress near the conductor can be increased to m 30 KV/mm, and there can be produced cables of the order of 1,000KV having a drastically reduced insulation thickness and being capable of being wound up on a drum.
The electric cables in which the polypropylene laminate paper of this invention is wound possess the characteristics of boththe plastic and insulating paper, and are free from creases which pose problems at the time of building a transmission system using the cables and have improved oil impregnating properties as well as improved electrical properties. V
In other words, by suitably controlling the thickness of biaxially oriented polypropylene to be bonded to a fiber-based paper,dielectric constant (6) can be easily controlled within 2.2-3.4, and the electric field can be relaxed by the difference in e of the insulation layer.
Improvement in voltage strength can be achieved since the ratioof the dielectric constant between the insulation tape layer and the insulationoil (gle approaches l and the voltage can be borne by the polypropylene laminate paper having highvoltage strength. Furthermore, the dielectric loss tangent of the cable can be maintained at 0.05 percent or less, which is considered to be difficult with an oil-impregnated paper,
owing'to the low'tan '6 characteristic of biaxially oriented polypropylene...
Furthermore, there can be produced electrically stable cables 'or reduced temperature effect or polar effect on impulse. Because of these advantages, the working stress increases, and the insulation thickness can be made smaller, which in turn leads to a drastic curtailment of cost for production of cables of the order of 60 to 500 KV. It is also possible to build cables of the order of 1,000 KV which can be wound on a drum unlike the conventional ones. From the process viewpoint, the drying step can be shortened because polyfilm and being as small as possible without substantially sacrificing the bond strength exhibited between said electrically insulating paper and said polypropylene 4. The laminate of claim 3 wherein the thickness of g i said biaxially oriented polypropylene film is not more than 100 um.
' '5. The laminate of claim 3 wherein thethickness of said polyolefin adhesive is not more than 0.75 times the thickness of said electrically insulating paper.
.6. An oil-impregnated electric power cable comprising an electrical conductor and insulation surrounding said conductor, at least a portion of said insulation comprising an electrically insulating polypropylenepaper laminate consisting of an integrated assembly selected from the group consisting of polypropylene and a propylene copolymer containing a major proportion of propylene units, the thickness of said adhesive being less than the thicknesses of each of said paper and said film and being as small as possible without substantially sacrificing the bond strength exhibited between said electrically insulating paper and said polypropylene film, said electrically insulating polypropylene-paper laminate having an electrically insulating oil impregnated therein.
7. The electric power cable of claim 14 wherein said electrically insulating polypropylene-paper laminate is wound around saidconductor with the paper side of said laminate facing the conductor and wherein said electrically insulating paper has an air-impermeability of at least 200 Gurley seconds.
propylene is non-hygroscopic. The cables of this invenless than the thicknessof each of said paper and said 8. The electric power cable of claim 7 wherein the thicknessof said biaxially oriented polypropylene film is not more than um and wherein the thickness of said polyolefin adhesive is not more than 0.75 times the thickness of said electrically insulating paper.
9. The electric power cable of claim 7 wherein said polyolefin adhesive comprises an unoriented polyolefin.
10. The electric power cable of claim 7 wherein the ratio of the dielectric constant (e) of said electrically insulating polypropylene-paper laminate to the dielectric constant (e) of said electrically insulating oil varies from 1 to 1.5.
11. The electric power cable of claim 7 wherein the dielectric loss tangent thereof is not more than 0.5 percent.
12. The process for producing the electric power cable of claim 15 comprising:
l. contacting said paper with water wherein said polypropylene-paper laminate absorbs moisture;
2. winding the moisture-containing polypropylene paper laminate around said conductor while said laminate is wet; 3. drying to remove the moisture; and 4. impregnating said laminate with said oil.

Claims (14)

  1. 2. The laminate of claim 1 wherein said polyolefin adhesive is an unoriented polyolefin.
  2. 2. winding the moisture-containing polypropylene-paper laminate around said conductor while said laminate is wet;
  3. 3. drying to remove the moisture; and
  4. 3. The laminate of claim 2 wherein the air-impermeability of said electrically insulating paper is at least 200 Gurley seconds.
  5. 4. The laminate of claim 3 wherein the thickness of said biaxially oriented polypropylene film is not more than 100 Mu m.
  6. 4. impregnating said laminate with said oil.
  7. 5. The laminate of claim 3 wherein the thickness of said polyolefin adhesive is not more than 0.75 times the thickness of said electrically insulating paper.
  8. 6. An oil-impregnated electric power cable comprising an electrical conductor and insulation surrounding said conductor, at least a portion of said insulation comprising an electrically insulating polypropylene-paper laminate consisting of an integrated assembly selected from the group consisting of polypropylene and a propylene copolymer containing a major proportion of propylene units, the thickness of said adhesive being less than the thicknesses of each of said paper and said film and being as small as possible without substantially sacrificing the bond strength exhibited between said electrically insulating paper and said polypropylene film, said electrically insulating polypropylene-paper laminate having an electrically insulAting oil impregnated therein.
  9. 7. The electric power cable of claim 14 wherein said electrically insulating polypropylene-paper laminate is wound around said conductor with the paper side of said laminate facing the conductor and wherein said electrically insulating paper has an air-impermeability of at least 200 Gurley seconds.
  10. 8. The electric power cable of claim 7 wherein the thickness of said biaxially oriented polypropylene film is not more than 100 Mu m and wherein the thickness of said polyolefin adhesive is not more than 0.75 times the thickness of said electrically insulating paper.
  11. 9. The electric power cable of claim 7 wherein said polyolefin adhesive comprises an unoriented polyolefin.
  12. 10. The electric power cable of claim 7 wherein the ratio of the dielectric constant ( epsilon ) of said electrically insulating polypropylene-paper laminate to the dielectric constant ( epsilon ) of said electrically insulating oil varies from 1 to 1.5.
  13. 11. The electric power cable of claim 7 wherein the dielectric loss tangent thereof is not more than 0.5 percent.
  14. 12. The process for producing the electric power cable of claim 15 comprising:
US3775549D 1971-06-23 1972-06-23 Electrically insulating polyproplyene laminate paper and oil-impregnated electric power cable using said laminate paper Expired - Lifetime US3775549A (en)

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US4487991A (en) * 1983-07-15 1984-12-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Fully synthetic taped insulation cables
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US3862869A (en) * 1970-02-24 1975-01-28 Phillips Petroleum Co Method of making a reusable, tear-resistant polyolefin-paper laminate
US3996404A (en) * 1974-07-30 1976-12-07 Japan Vilene Company Ltd. Conjugate polycarbonate fibers and fibrous sheets made thereof
US4163080A (en) * 1977-04-13 1979-07-31 Societa' Italiana Resine S.I.R. S.P.A. Flexible double-layer polypropylene laminates for the packaging of food products
US4237334A (en) * 1977-08-06 1980-12-02 Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co., Ltd. Laminated insulating paper and oil-filled cable insulated thereby
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US4481259A (en) * 1981-02-18 1984-11-06 Societa Cavi Pirelli S.P.A. Electric cable with insulation of biaxially oriented, polymeric tape with a coating of grease
US4571357A (en) * 1983-02-11 1986-02-18 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Electrically insulating laminate paper for oil-impregnated electric apparatus
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US4675470A (en) * 1984-06-26 1987-06-23 Sumitomo Electric Industries Electric power cable
US4853490A (en) * 1985-11-08 1989-08-01 Societa' Cavi Pirelli S.P.A. Laminated paper-plastic insulating tape and cable including such tape
US4994632A (en) * 1988-10-21 1991-02-19 Societa' Cavi Pirelli S.P.A. Electric cable with laminated tape insulation
EP0684614A1 (en) 1994-05-24 1995-11-29 PIRELLI CAVI S.p.A. High voltage cable
US5850055A (en) * 1994-05-24 1998-12-15 Pirelli Cavi S.P.A. High voltage cable
US6207261B1 (en) 1996-11-18 2001-03-27 Tomoegawa Paper Co. Electrical insulating laminated paper, process for producing the same oil-impregnated power cable containing the same
US20050083160A1 (en) * 2003-10-15 2005-04-21 General Electric Company Insulation system for oil filled environments
EP2192600A1 (en) * 2007-08-27 2010-06-02 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Process for producing submarine solid cable and submarine solid cable
EP2192600A4 (en) * 2007-08-27 2014-08-06 Sumitomo Electric Industries Process for producing submarine solid cable and submarine solid cable
US20170271046A1 (en) * 2016-03-15 2017-09-21 Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina Multi-member cable with improved mid-span access
US10600533B2 (en) * 2016-03-15 2020-03-24 Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina Multi-member cable with improved mid-span access
US11049631B2 (en) * 2017-02-16 2021-06-29 Ls Cable & System Ltd. Power cable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT958507B (en) 1973-10-30
GB1394893A (en) 1975-05-21
FR2143422A1 (en) 1973-02-02
FR2143422B1 (en) 1977-12-23

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