US3782081A - Packing or body for moisture exchanger - Google Patents
Packing or body for moisture exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3782081A US3782081A US00010610A US3782081DA US3782081A US 3782081 A US3782081 A US 3782081A US 00010610 A US00010610 A US 00010610A US 3782081D A US3782081D A US 3782081DA US 3782081 A US3782081 A US 3782081A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- packing
- sheets
- moisture
- asbestos
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32206—Flat sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/3221—Corrugated sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32224—Sheets characterised by the orientation of the sheet
- B01J2219/32227—Vertical orientation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
- B01J2219/32425—Ceramic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F2003/1458—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A packing element for heat and moisture exchange assembled of thin corrugated sheets of asbestos fiber, the corrugations serving to form cells and separate the cells one from the next, whereby air can be passed from one side of the packing to the other for modification of either its heat or moisture content, the asbestos fibers of the packing being first treated with an organic binder for temporary stability in assembling the thin corrugated sheets into a green packing element. further impregnated with inorganic binder and moisture absorptive substance to provide structural stability and moisture absorbency after the organic binder has been burned out, so that the packing assembly is composed entirely of inorganic fiber and binder substance which may be a hygroscopic salt to enhance the moisture absorbency.
- This invention relates to a packing or bodyfor the transfer of moisture and heat.
- the invention relates to improvements in a packing or body for the transfer of heat and- /or moisture which packing is composed of sheets or layers made of asbestos or other equivalent, nonmetallic, inorganic fibrous material and directly or possibly indirectly bearing against one another at mutually spaced points and therebetween forming open channels or passageways extending throughout the packing or body.
- packing is composed of sheets or layers made of asbestos or other equivalent, nonmetallic, inorganic fibrous material and directly or possibly indirectly bearing against one another at mutually spaced points and therebetween forming open channels or passageways extending throughout the packing or body.
- at least every second sheet or layer is undulated or corrugated, the spaced points of contact of adjacent sheets being constituted by the ridges of the undulations or corrugations.
- the transfer packing or body may in this connection be formed as a rotor moving in a closed path between two passages traversed by one and the other of the air flows, respectively.
- the sheets or layers of asbestos shall, in order to be capable of fulfilling their moisture and heat transferring function in the most effective manner, have a thickness not exceeding about one-tenth or some few tenths of a millimeter. Such thin sheets cannot be given the required mechanical strength unless a bonding agent of organic nature such as starch or cellulose fibers contained in the stock is used to cement the asbestos fibers together.
- a packing composed of thin asbestos sheets with small channels is excellent heat insulation and consequently constitutes an effective bar to emission of heat remaining in the interior of the packing.
- the temperature rises to the ignition point when the cooling effect produced by the circulation of air or gas through the packing is terminated. In this way an oxidation is produced in the hot body of sheets and due to the fact that the air within the channels of the body is almost stationary, the temperature rises gradually until the critical point is reached.
- the asbestos fibers contain water of crystallization which escapes when the fibers are heated to a sufficiently high temperature and which causes the fibers to decompose into a powder.
- the temperature at which the crystal water is expelled is approximately about 500C. in the case of relatively long heating periods, but may be higher if the time of combustion is reduced to seconds or still less. As soon as the critical temperature has been reached, the curve indicating the reduction of weight takes a steep descent which implies that the water of crystallization escapes rapidly.
- the principal object of the present invention is to produce a packing or body for the transfer of moisture and heat which eliminates the inconveniences which may result from an unintentional ignition of the packing or body.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a packing or body for the purpose above mentioned, and which shall be composed of the material herein described and which insures that organic constituents in the material of which the sheets are made, are rendered innocuous with respect to ignition or combustion or neutralized prior to the employment of the packing or body for its purpose.
- the sheets of the body or packing before their use are subjected to heat treatment by which the organic constituents contained in the sheet material are oxidized.
- the neutralization of the organic constituents may be effected by combustion inasmuch as adjusting of the conditions for this combustion renders it possible to control the oxidation to thus avoid reaching a dangerous temperature.
- One possibility of attaining this object is to blow air through the channels of the transferrer packing with such velocity as to prevent the heat developed in the packing during the combustion from surpassing a critical value.
- the oxidation may even be conducted so as to heat the transferred packing slowly to a temperature such as between 400 and 550C. Under this heating various products of distillation will be formed in succession to one another or escape from the packing so that any direct ignition will never occur.
- the oxidation can in this manner be advanced until the packing becomes noncombustible without any visible combustion in the specific meaning of this term which means combustion producing a flame or temper coloring of the packing.
- a pyrolysis can be carried out until a carbonized residue of organic constituents remains in the asbestos. This residue is of such kind as not to involve any danger of subsequent combustion.
- a transferrer packing or body of asbestos paper treated according to the invention has the remarkable and surprising effect that it allows the drying of air to a lower moisture content than has hitherto been attainable with transferrer packings of the general type under consideration.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of an apparatus constructed for the production of a packing according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partial top view of a transferrer packing shown in a larger scale than that used in FIG. 1.
- a kiln having walls of a heat insulating material. Formed in one of said walls is an inlet opening 12 and an outlet opening 14, said openings being provided with a damper indicated at 16 and 18 respectively, or a similar throttling device.
- the kiln encloses an internal casing 20 made of sheet metal or similar material defining a chamber 22. Positioned within said chamber is a screen or lattice 24 intended to carry a transferrer packing 26 placed thereon for the purpose of being treated. The portion of the lattice 24 not covered by the packing can be screened off by means of shields 28 so as to force all air passing through the lattice to pass through the transferrer packing 26.
- a perforated plate 30 or similar member may be located below the lattice 24 and has for its purpose to bring about a uniform distribution of the air over the cross-section of the chamber 22.
- a gaseous medium in most cases air, is caused to circulate upwardly through the chamber 22 and downwardly past the heater 32 by means of a fan 34 driven by a motor 36 through a shaft 38.
- the transferrer packing 26 is composed of thin sheets of asbestos formed by undulation or in any other suitable way so as to bear against one another at mutually spaced points so as to form flow passages extending throughout the packing between the sheets.
- the packing is composed of alternately plane sheets 40 and corrugated sheets 42.
- the spacing between the plane sheets is suitably less than 3 millimeters such as between 1 and 2 millimeters, when a packing for a transferrer intended for dehydrating or influencing the temperature of one air flow by means of another flow of air or a gas is under consideration.
- the sheets at their points of mutual contact are rigidly secured to one another by means of a bonding agent, preferably of inorganic nature, preferably a soluble silicate such as water glass.
- the asbestos sheets are made of asbestos fibers which usually are composed of filaments having an extremely small diameter.
- organic bonding agents such as starch, are added and in addition a minor quantity of cellulose fibers is usuallyadmixed with the asbestos fiber stock, since cellulose fibers possess a higher felting capacity than the asbestos fibers.
- the gaseous medium circulating within the kiln 10 is heated by means of the heater 32 to a temperature of between about 200 to 300 and about 500 to 600C, in other words so high a temperature that the organic constituents in the transferrerpacking 26 located on the lattice 24 can be oxidized under predetermined and controllable conditions.
- the gaseous medium contains oxygen in a quantity which can be adjusted by supply of combustion air into the closed circuit circulating within the kiln through the inlet opening 12, a corresponding quantity of medium being allowed to escape through the outlet opening 14.
- the velocity of circulation within the channels or passageways of the packing is adjusted so as to keep the combustion at a temperature below the temperature at which the asbestos is attacked in a detrimental way.
- a combustion zone is produced which in a controllable manner migrates through the transferrer packing which is in this way relieved of its content of combustible substance.
- the treatment of oxidation or pyrolysis is effected by gradually heating the flow of gas while it passes through the channels or passageways in the packing, the neutralization or removal of the combustible constituents may be carried out without any visible combustion. More volatile products gasified by the heating will escape at a lower temperature than less volatile products until finally an oxidation of non-volatile residues such as carbon can take place at the highest temperature.
- the mechanical strength of the sheets of which the packing is composed is reduced in a corresponding degree. Due to the fact that the sheets are united with one another the entire structure possesses satisfactory strength.
- the strength reduced by removal of organic binder is desirably replaced by restrengthening the sheets after removal by impregnating the packing with a stabilizing inorganic substance.
- Such inorganic substance is per se a binder material such as water glass, but which preferably is hardened by precipitation of the water glass with an insolubilizing compound such as a soluble calcium or other alkali earth metal salt.
- an insolubilizing compound such as a soluble calcium or other alkali earth metal salt.
- useful solubilizing salts such as calcium chloride, barium chloride, magnesium chloride or the like may be used.
- Such soluble salts react with the water glass in situ as impregnated in packing body to form an insoluble silicate of calcium, barium or magnesium which greatly strengthened the packing body as well as preserved its heat and moisture transfer effectiveness.
- Such impregnation may be effected before or after removal of the organic binder.
- the inorganic strengthened substance is preferably and usually applied after the packing body has been built up, and usually before the combustion treatment, but it may be added to the packing body after combustion.
- the packing is used in moisture exchange to enhance its moisture absorbency by adding an additional hygroscopic substance such as calcium chloride, lithium chloride or the like.
- hygroscopic substance as lithium chloride may be added together with the solution of water glass, but usually the hygroscopic substance is added after treatment of water glass and its percipitation to an insoluble inorganic binder.
- silicate precipitation it is useful after silicate precipitation to then treat the packing in a final dip with'a hygroscopic solution with one of these salts and finally drying in a warm air oven.
- a packing for a moisture exchanger for air conditioning systems comprising a series of thin partition walls formed of corrugated sheet members spaced by intermediate spacing sheets, each of said sheets being composed of natural asbestos fiber, said packing being free of organic binder, said corrugated members and spacing sheets defining a plurality of channels for passing air to be dried from side to side, the asbestos fiber of said sheets being stabilized and stiffened by being impregnated with an insoluble silicate precipitated in situ thereon by reaction of water glass with an insolubilizing agent.
- a packing according to claim 1 said body having a hygroscopic substance added to its sheets after it was heat treated to remove organic binder substances so that the moisture-absorbing capacity of the body was increased.
- a packing for a moisture exchanger for air conditioning systems comprising a series of thin partition walls formed of a series of corrugated sheet members spaced by intermediate spacing sheets, each of said sheets being composed of natural asbestos fiber, said packing being free of organic binder, said corrugated members and spacing sheets defining a plurality of channels for passing air to be dried from side to side, the asbestos fiber of said sheets being stabilized and stiffened by being impregnated with an insoluble calcium silicate formed by being precipitated in situ upon the packing fibers from water glass and a soluble cal cium salt.
Abstract
A packing element for heat and moisture exchange assembled of thin corrugated sheets of asbestos fiber, the corrugations serving to form cells and separate the cells one from the next, whereby air can be passed from one side of the packing to the other for modification of either its heat or moisture content, the asbestos fibers of the packing being first treated with an organic binder for temporary stability in assembling the thin corrugated sheets into a green packing element, further impregnated with inorganic binder and moisture absorptive substance to provide structural stability and moisture absorbency after the organic binder has been burned out, so that the packing assembly is composed entirely of inorganic fiber and binder substance which may be a hygroscopic salt to enhance the moisture absorbency.
Description
United States Patent [191 Munters Jan. 1,1974
[76] Inventor: Carl George Munters,
Danderydsvagen 3, Stocksund, Sweden [22] Filed: Feb. 11, 1970 [21] Appl. No.: 10,610
Related US. Application Data [60] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 505,501, Oct. 28, 1965, abandoned, which is a division of Ser. No. 164,880, Jan. 8, 1962, Pat. No. 3,231,409.
[56] References Cited UNlTED STATES PATENTS 1,972,500 9/1934 Toohey et a1 161/156 2,986,379 5/1961 Kramig 2,702,068 2/1955 Spooner 161/205 3.232.865 2/1966 Quinn et a1 117/126 AF 3,231,409 l/1966 Munters 156/82 3,377,225 4/1968 Munters 161/205 Primary Examiner-George F. Lesmes Assistant Examiner-Wi1liam R. Dixon, Jr. Attorney-Sol B. Wiczer [57] ABSTRACT A packing element for heat and moisture exchange assembled of thin corrugated sheets of asbestos fiber, the corrugations serving to form cells and separate the cells one from the next, whereby air can be passed from one side of the packing to the other for modification of either its heat or moisture content, the asbestos fibers of the packing being first treated with an organic binder for temporary stability in assembling the thin corrugated sheets into a green packing element. further impregnated with inorganic binder and moisture absorptive substance to provide structural stability and moisture absorbency after the organic binder has been burned out, so that the packing assembly is composed entirely of inorganic fiber and binder substance which may be a hygroscopic salt to enhance the moisture absorbency.
5 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures PACKING OR BODY FOR MOISTURE EXCHANGER This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application, Ser. No. 505,501, filed Oct. 28, 1965, now abandoned, in turn a division of my copending application Ser. No. 164,880, filed Jan. 8, 1962, now issued as US. Pat. No. 3,231,409. The method of producing the improved coating is fully set forth in said patent.
This invention relates to a packing or bodyfor the transfer of moisture and heat.
More particularly the invention relates to improvements in a packing or body for the transfer of heat and- /or moisture which packing is composed of sheets or layers made of asbestos or other equivalent, nonmetallic, inorganic fibrous material and directly or possibly indirectly bearing against one another at mutually spaced points and therebetween forming open channels or passageways extending throughout the packing or body. Usually, at least every second sheet or layer is undulated or corrugated, the spaced points of contact of adjacent sheets being constituted by the ridges of the undulations or corrugations.
An important field of application of the invention is the transfer of moisture and heat between two air flows. The transfer packing or body may in this connection be formed as a rotor moving in a closed path between two passages traversed by one and the other of the air flows, respectively.
The sheets or layers of asbestos shall, in order to be capable of fulfilling their moisture and heat transferring function in the most effective manner, have a thickness not exceeding about one-tenth or some few tenths of a millimeter. Such thin sheets cannot be given the required mechanical strength unless a bonding agent of organic nature such as starch or cellulose fibers contained in the stock is used to cement the asbestos fibers together.
It has been observed that the constituents of material of organic nature in the asbestos sheets in spite of their small proportion relative to the total sheet material are capable of burning as a fuel for a fire in the packing and releasing enough heat to destroy the asbestos. Asbestos has a relatively high fusing point, but the combustion may be so intensive as to convert the asbestos fibers into a powder causing the sheets to disintegrate into dust. A fire may even be started on a moderate heating of the sheets, for example when the packing or body employed for the transfer of moisture is regenerated by means of a heated gaseous medium such as air. The combustion may be started some time after the regenerating flow has been stopped and while the mass of sheets in the packing is still hot. A packing composed of thin asbestos sheets with small channels is excellent heat insulation and consequently constitutes an effective bar to emission of heat remaining in the interior of the packing. The temperature rises to the ignition point when the cooling effect produced by the circulation of air or gas through the packing is terminated. In this way an oxidation is produced in the hot body of sheets and due to the fact that the air within the channels of the body is almost stationary, the temperature rises gradually until the critical point is reached.
The asbestos fibers contain water of crystallization which escapes when the fibers are heated to a sufficiently high temperature and which causes the fibers to decompose into a powder. The temperature at which the crystal water is expelled is approximately about 500C. in the case of relatively long heating periods, but may be higher if the time of combustion is reduced to seconds or still less. As soon as the critical temperature has been reached, the curve indicating the reduction of weight takes a steep descent which implies that the water of crystallization escapes rapidly.
The principal object of the present invention is to produce a packing or body for the transfer of moisture and heat which eliminates the inconveniences which may result from an unintentional ignition of the packing or body. Another object of the present invention is to provide a packing or body for the purpose above mentioned, and which shall be composed of the material herein described and which insures that organic constituents in the material of which the sheets are made, are rendered innocuous with respect to ignition or combustion or neutralized prior to the employment of the packing or body for its purpose.
The sheets of the body or packing before their use, such as in the moisture or heat transferrer, are subjected to heat treatment by which the organic constituents contained in the sheet material are oxidized. The neutralization of the organic constituents may be effected by combustion inasmuch as adjusting of the conditions for this combustion renders it possible to control the oxidation to thus avoid reaching a dangerous temperature. One possibility of attaining this object is to blow air through the channels of the transferrer packing with such velocity as to prevent the heat developed in the packing during the combustion from surpassing a critical value.
The oxidation may even be conducted so as to heat the transferred packing slowly to a temperature such as between 400 and 550C. Under this heating various products of distillation will be formed in succession to one another or escape from the packing so that any direct ignition will never occur. The oxidation can in this manner be advanced until the packing becomes noncombustible without any visible combustion in the specific meaning of this term which means combustion producing a flame or temper coloring of the packing. Experiments have revealed that a packing if directly exposed to temperature reaching as high as about 500C. was immediately subjected to a combustion creating smoke and incandescence.
In some cases a pyrolysis can be carried out until a carbonized residue of organic constituents remains in the asbestos. This residue is of such kind as not to involve any danger of subsequent combustion.
In the production of the improved packing it is essential that the oxidation or combustion is controlled so as to insure that the water of crystallization present in the asbestos is not expelled. A transferrer packing or body of asbestos paper treated according to the invention has the remarkable and surprising effect that it allows the drying of air to a lower moisture content than has hitherto been attainable with transferrer packings of the general type under consideration.
It is known per se in the manufacture of transferrer bodies of ceramic material to apply a ceramic paste onto a strip-formed carrier of a combustible material. This carrier is wound in layers positioned one upon another and causes the transferrer body to retain its form during the firing of the paste to take its solidified state. In connection therewith the carrier is eliminated by combustion which may be conducted at a high temperature without any danger of the ceramic material becoming destroyed or damaged. In this case, the initial carrier is thus replaced by ceramic material which withstands a temperature far exceeding the temperature developed by forced combustion.
The method of producing the improved packing is fully set forth in my co-pending application, Ser. No. 164,880, filed Jan. 8, 1962, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 3,231,409.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description considered in connection with the accompanying drawing which forms part of this specification and which, in a diagrammatic manner illustrates an apparatus for carrying out the production of the improved packing, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of an apparatus constructed for the production of a packing according to the present invention, and
FIG. 2 is a partial top view of a transferrer packing shown in a larger scale than that used in FIG. 1.
Referring to the drawing, denotes a kiln having walls of a heat insulating material. Formed in one of said walls is an inlet opening 12 and an outlet opening 14, said openings being provided with a damper indicated at 16 and 18 respectively, or a similar throttling device. The kiln encloses an internal casing 20 made of sheet metal or similar material defining a chamber 22. Positioned within said chamber is a screen or lattice 24 intended to carry a transferrer packing 26 placed thereon for the purpose of being treated. The portion of the lattice 24 not covered by the packing can be screened off by means of shields 28 so as to force all air passing through the lattice to pass through the transferrer packing 26. A perforated plate 30 or similar member may be located below the lattice 24 and has for its purpose to bring about a uniform distribution of the air over the cross-section of the chamber 22. A gaseous medium, in most cases air, is caused to circulate upwardly through the chamber 22 and downwardly past the heater 32 by means of a fan 34 driven by a motor 36 through a shaft 38.
The transferrer packing 26 is composed of thin sheets of asbestos formed by undulation or in any other suitable way so as to bear against one another at mutually spaced points so as to form flow passages extending throughout the packing between the sheets. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 the packing is composed of alternately plane sheets 40 and corrugated sheets 42. The spacing between the plane sheets is suitably less than 3 millimeters such as between 1 and 2 millimeters, when a packing for a transferrer intended for dehydrating or influencing the temperature of one air flow by means of another flow of air or a gas is under consideration. The sheets at their points of mutual contact are rigidly secured to one another by means of a bonding agent, preferably of inorganic nature, preferably a soluble silicate such as water glass.
The asbestos sheets are made of asbestos fibers which usually are composed of filaments having an extremely small diameter. In order to impart to the sheets required mechanical strength, organic bonding agents such as starch, are added and in addition a minor quantity of cellulose fibers is usuallyadmixed with the asbestos fiber stock, since cellulose fibers possess a higher felting capacity than the asbestos fibers.
The gaseous medium circulating within the kiln 10 is heated by means of the heater 32 to a temperature of between about 200 to 300 and about 500 to 600C, in other words so high a temperature that the organic constituents in the transferrerpacking 26 located on the lattice 24 can be oxidized under predetermined and controllable conditions. During this processing the gaseous medium contains oxygen in a quantity which can be adjusted by supply of combustion air into the closed circuit circulating within the kiln through the inlet opening 12, a corresponding quantity of medium being allowed to escape through the outlet opening 14. Further, the velocity of circulation within the channels or passageways of the packing is adjusted so as to keep the combustion at a temperature below the temperature at which the asbestos is attacked in a detrimental way. A combustion zone is produced which in a controllable manner migrates through the transferrer packing which is in this way relieved of its content of combustible substance.
If the treatment of oxidation or pyrolysis is effected by gradually heating the flow of gas while it passes through the channels or passageways in the packing, the neutralization or removal of the combustible constituents may be carried out without any visible combustion. More volatile products gasified by the heating will escape at a lower temperature than less volatile products until finally an oxidation of non-volatile residues such as carbon can take place at the highest temperature.
By the removal of the organic bonding agent from the packing, the mechanical strength of the sheets of which the packing is composed, is reduced in a corresponding degree. Due to the fact that the sheets are united with one another the entire structure possesses satisfactory strength. However, the strength reduced by removal of organic binder is desirably replaced by restrengthening the sheets after removal by impregnating the packing with a stabilizing inorganic substance. Such inorganic substance is per se a binder material such as water glass, but which preferably is hardened by precipitation of the water glass with an insolubilizing compound such as a soluble calcium or other alkali earth metal salt. Typically useful solubilizing salts such as calcium chloride, barium chloride, magnesium chloride or the like may be used. Such soluble salts react with the water glass in situ as impregnated in packing body to form an insoluble silicate of calcium, barium or magnesium which greatly strengthened the packing body as well as preserved its heat and moisture transfer effectiveness. Such impregnation may be effected before or after removal of the organic binder. The inorganic strengthened substance is preferably and usually applied after the packing body has been built up, and usually before the combustion treatment, but it may be added to the packing body after combustion.
It is particularly desirable where the packing is used in moisture exchange to enhance its moisture absorbency by adding an additional hygroscopic substance such as calcium chloride, lithium chloride or the like. Such hygroscopic substance as lithium chloride may be added together with the solution of water glass, but usually the hygroscopic substance is added after treatment of water glass and its percipitation to an insoluble inorganic binder. Thus, it is useful after silicate precipitation to then treat the packing in a final dip with'a hygroscopic solution with one of these salts and finally drying in a warm air oven.
What is claimed is:
l. A packing for a moisture exchanger for air conditioning systems comprising a series of thin partition walls formed of corrugated sheet members spaced by intermediate spacing sheets, each of said sheets being composed of natural asbestos fiber, said packing being free of organic binder, said corrugated members and spacing sheets defining a plurality of channels for passing air to be dried from side to side, the asbestos fiber of said sheets being stabilized and stiffened by being impregnated with an insoluble silicate precipitated in situ thereon by reaction of water glass with an insolubilizing agent.
2. The packing according to claim 1 in which the packing is stabilized and stiffened by being impregnated with both a hygroscopic substance and an inorganic stiffening material comprising an insoluble silicate precipitated in situ thereon from water glass.
3. The packing as defined in claim 2 wherein the hygroscopic substance is a member of the group consisting of lithium chloride and calcium chloride.
4. A packing according to claim 1, said body having a hygroscopic substance added to its sheets after it was heat treated to remove organic binder substances so that the moisture-absorbing capacity of the body was increased.
5. A packing for a moisture exchanger for air conditioning systems comprising a series of thin partition walls formed of a series of corrugated sheet members spaced by intermediate spacing sheets, each of said sheets being composed of natural asbestos fiber, said packing being free of organic binder, said corrugated members and spacing sheets defining a plurality of channels for passing air to be dried from side to side, the asbestos fiber of said sheets being stabilized and stiffened by being impregnated with an insoluble calcium silicate formed by being precipitated in situ upon the packing fibers from water glass and a soluble cal cium salt.
Claims (4)
- 2. The packing according to claim 1 in which the packing is stabilized and stiffened by being impregnated with both a hygroscopic substance and an inorganic stiffening material comprising an insoluble silicate precipitated in situ thereon from water glass.
- 3. The packing as defined in claim 2 wherein the hygroscopic substance is a member of the group consisting of lithium chloride and calcium chloride.
- 4. A packing according to claim 1, said body having a hygroscopic substance added to its sheets after it was heat treated to remove organic binder substances so that the moisture-absorbing capacity of the body was increased.
- 5. A packing for a moisture exchanger for air conditioning systems comprising a series of thin partition walls formed of a series of corrugated sheet members spaced by intermediate spacing sheets, each of said sheets being composed of natural asbestos fiber, said packing being free of organic binder, said corrugated members and spacing sheets defining a plurality of channels for passing air to be dried from side to side, the asbestos fiber of said sheets being stabilized and stiffened by being impregnated with an insoluble calcium silicate formed by being precipitated in situ upon the packing fibers from water glass and a soluble calcium salt.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US164880A US3231409A (en) | 1961-01-09 | 1962-01-08 | Method of heat treating an inorganic fibrous body for moisture transfer and/or heat |
US50550165A | 1965-10-28 | 1965-10-28 | |
US1061070A | 1970-02-11 | 1970-02-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3782081A true US3782081A (en) | 1974-01-01 |
Family
ID=27359270
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00010610A Expired - Lifetime US3782081A (en) | 1962-01-08 | 1970-02-11 | Packing or body for moisture exchanger |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3782081A (en) |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4035172A (en) * | 1975-01-30 | 1977-07-12 | Aktiebolaget Svenska Flaktfabriken | Regenerative humidity and heat exchange apparatus |
US4049404A (en) * | 1975-07-31 | 1977-09-20 | Combustion Research Corporation | Ventilation system with thermal energy recovery |
US4139584A (en) * | 1976-09-29 | 1979-02-13 | Aktiebolaget Svenska Flaktfabriken | Contact body for liquid and gas |
USRE32722E (en) * | 1975-07-31 | 1988-08-02 | Combustion Research Corp. | Ventilation system with thermal energy recovery |
US4822533A (en) * | 1986-12-11 | 1989-04-18 | Emerson Electric Co. | Humidifier with floating wick assembly and replaceable wick elements |
US4871607A (en) * | 1986-03-10 | 1989-10-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Seibu Giken | Humidity exchanger element |
US4992319A (en) * | 1988-05-18 | 1991-02-12 | Nichias Corporation | Activated carbon supporting honeycomb structure and process for fabricating the same |
US5374381A (en) * | 1992-11-10 | 1994-12-20 | Rps Products, Inc. | Evaporative element for a humidifier and method of making the same |
US5435958A (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1995-07-25 | Munters Corporation | Method for making a humidity exchanger medium |
US5466504A (en) * | 1994-05-02 | 1995-11-14 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Fibrous glass insulation assembly |
US5505769A (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1996-04-09 | Munters Corporation | Titanium silicate aerogel element and humidity exchanger using matrix of aerogel element |
US5792244A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1998-08-11 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Packing block with high adsorption capacity for gaseous effluent purification device |
US5987833A (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 1999-11-23 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Vacuum packaged batt |
US5992413A (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 1999-11-30 | Enternet Medical, Inc. | Heat and moisture exchanger and generator |
US6095135A (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-08-01 | Enternet Medical, Inc. | Apparatus for providing benefits to respiratory gases |
US6105576A (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-08-22 | Enternet Medical, Inc. | Apparatus for treating respiratory gases including liquid trap |
US6363930B1 (en) | 1998-07-10 | 2002-04-02 | Enternet Medical, Inc. | Apparatus for providing heat/moisture to respiratory gases |
US6415788B1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2002-07-09 | Enternet Medical, Inc. | Apparatus for treating respiratory gases including liquid trap |
EP1052458A3 (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2002-12-11 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat exchanger and method for preparing it |
US20080101856A1 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2008-05-01 | Clawson Burrell E | Assemblies for coupling two elements and coupled assemblies |
USD896943S1 (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2020-09-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Three dimensional filter frame |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1972500A (en) * | 1934-09-04 | Insulating material | ||
US2702068A (en) * | 1953-02-13 | 1955-02-15 | Gen Electric | Aluminum phosphate bonded asbestos insulating material |
US2986379A (en) * | 1957-06-04 | 1961-05-30 | Kramig Anna Louise | Heat exchanger |
US3231409A (en) * | 1961-01-09 | 1966-01-25 | Munters Carl Georg | Method of heat treating an inorganic fibrous body for moisture transfer and/or heat |
US3232865A (en) * | 1962-06-11 | 1966-02-01 | Johns Manville | Method of purifying waste water |
US3377225A (en) * | 1966-04-25 | 1968-04-09 | Munters Carl Georg | Method for the manufacture of gas conditioning packing |
-
1970
- 1970-02-11 US US00010610A patent/US3782081A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1972500A (en) * | 1934-09-04 | Insulating material | ||
US2702068A (en) * | 1953-02-13 | 1955-02-15 | Gen Electric | Aluminum phosphate bonded asbestos insulating material |
US2986379A (en) * | 1957-06-04 | 1961-05-30 | Kramig Anna Louise | Heat exchanger |
US3231409A (en) * | 1961-01-09 | 1966-01-25 | Munters Carl Georg | Method of heat treating an inorganic fibrous body for moisture transfer and/or heat |
US3232865A (en) * | 1962-06-11 | 1966-02-01 | Johns Manville | Method of purifying waste water |
US3377225A (en) * | 1966-04-25 | 1968-04-09 | Munters Carl Georg | Method for the manufacture of gas conditioning packing |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4035172A (en) * | 1975-01-30 | 1977-07-12 | Aktiebolaget Svenska Flaktfabriken | Regenerative humidity and heat exchange apparatus |
US4049404A (en) * | 1975-07-31 | 1977-09-20 | Combustion Research Corporation | Ventilation system with thermal energy recovery |
USRE32722E (en) * | 1975-07-31 | 1988-08-02 | Combustion Research Corp. | Ventilation system with thermal energy recovery |
US4139584A (en) * | 1976-09-29 | 1979-02-13 | Aktiebolaget Svenska Flaktfabriken | Contact body for liquid and gas |
US4871607A (en) * | 1986-03-10 | 1989-10-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Seibu Giken | Humidity exchanger element |
US4822533A (en) * | 1986-12-11 | 1989-04-18 | Emerson Electric Co. | Humidifier with floating wick assembly and replaceable wick elements |
US4865775A (en) * | 1986-12-11 | 1989-09-12 | Emerson Electric Co. | Humidifier with floating wick assembly |
US4992319A (en) * | 1988-05-18 | 1991-02-12 | Nichias Corporation | Activated carbon supporting honeycomb structure and process for fabricating the same |
US5374381A (en) * | 1992-11-10 | 1994-12-20 | Rps Products, Inc. | Evaporative element for a humidifier and method of making the same |
US5505769A (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1996-04-09 | Munters Corporation | Titanium silicate aerogel element and humidity exchanger using matrix of aerogel element |
US5435958A (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 1995-07-25 | Munters Corporation | Method for making a humidity exchanger medium |
US5556682A (en) * | 1994-05-02 | 1996-09-17 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Fibrous glass insulation assembly |
US5466504A (en) * | 1994-05-02 | 1995-11-14 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Fibrous glass insulation assembly |
US5792244A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1998-08-11 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Packing block with high adsorption capacity for gaseous effluent purification device |
US5987833A (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 1999-11-23 | Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Vacuum packaged batt |
US5992413A (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 1999-11-30 | Enternet Medical, Inc. | Heat and moisture exchanger and generator |
US6363930B1 (en) | 1998-07-10 | 2002-04-02 | Enternet Medical, Inc. | Apparatus for providing heat/moisture to respiratory gases |
US6095135A (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-08-01 | Enternet Medical, Inc. | Apparatus for providing benefits to respiratory gases |
US6105576A (en) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-08-22 | Enternet Medical, Inc. | Apparatus for treating respiratory gases including liquid trap |
EP1052458A3 (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2002-12-11 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat exchanger and method for preparing it |
US6536514B1 (en) | 1999-05-10 | 2003-03-25 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat exchanger and method for preparing it |
US6415788B1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2002-07-09 | Enternet Medical, Inc. | Apparatus for treating respiratory gases including liquid trap |
US20080101856A1 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2008-05-01 | Clawson Burrell E | Assemblies for coupling two elements and coupled assemblies |
US7993071B2 (en) | 2006-10-25 | 2011-08-09 | Burrell E. Clawson | Assemblies for coupling two elements and coupled assemblies |
USD896943S1 (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2020-09-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Three dimensional filter frame |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3782081A (en) | Packing or body for moisture exchanger | |
US3231409A (en) | Method of heat treating an inorganic fibrous body for moisture transfer and/or heat | |
JPH0454015B2 (en) | ||
DK160267B (en) | SCREEN FOR PROTECTION AGAINST HEAT | |
FI85424C (en) | Method for drying solids | |
US3364097A (en) | Fire-resistant panel systems | |
US3248099A (en) | Infra-red industrial oven | |
US4025668A (en) | Method of manufacturing contact bodies | |
US3377225A (en) | Method for the manufacture of gas conditioning packing | |
JPS5643423A (en) | Device for making carbon fiber | |
Takahashi | Experiments and Theory in the Extinction of a Wood Crib | |
JPH0159520B2 (en) | ||
PL49098B1 (en) | ||
JPS5854853B2 (en) | Gas Hatsuseiki | |
US4461159A (en) | Apparatus for the stabilization of fibers | |
CN219839477U (en) | Low-rank coal high-efficiency activation furnace | |
JP2012131687A (en) | Thermal reaction of carbon compound and microwave | |
JPS58180594A (en) | Solid fuel exhausting clean gas on combustion | |
GB1006714A (en) | Method for manufacture of a transferrer body for two media | |
SU1139946A2 (en) | Device for drying loose materials | |
US2268115A (en) | Heating method and means | |
SU1362903A1 (en) | Heater for loose materials | |
JPS6148513A (en) | Material preheating method and regenerator for preheating material | |
JPS54137162A (en) | Low-temperature dryer device | |
JPH01114686A (en) | Method of drying wood |