US3784370A - Process of manufacturing pig iron - Google Patents

Process of manufacturing pig iron Download PDF

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US3784370A
US3784370A US3784370DA US3784370A US 3784370 A US3784370 A US 3784370A US 3784370D A US3784370D A US 3784370DA US 3784370 A US3784370 A US 3784370A
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blast furnace
gas
furnace gas
stripped
hot air
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E Stephenson
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STEPHENSON PAPESCH PROCESSES I
STEPHENSON PAPESCH PROCESSES INC US
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STEPHENSON PAPESCH PROCESSES I
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/40—Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
    • C21B2100/44—Removing particles, e.g. by scrubbing, dedusting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • a blast furnace is operated by feeding iron ore, metallurgical coke and flux such as lime-stone into the top of the furnace while a preheated air blast is fed into the bottom to react with the coke forming the hot carbon monoxide.
  • the carbon monoxide reduces the ore and releases the iron which accumulates at the bottom of the furnace.
  • a vast amount of blast furnace gas having a large proportion of carbon monoxide and an even larger portion of nitrogen is proucked as a result of this reaction.
  • One object of this invention is to strip the nitrogen from the blast furnace gas and recycle or inject the stripped gas back into the blast furnace.
  • the gas is recycled to make use of the carbon monoxide in the gas in the reduction process, and the nitrogen is stripped before recycling because it represents a large volume of material which performs no function in the reduction process.
  • Another object of the invention is to reduce the amount of metallurgical coke necessary to operate the blast furnace. Since a substantial amount of carbon monoxide required in the reduction process is recovered and recycled, the amount of metallurgical coke required is proportionately reduced.
  • the single FIGURE is a semi-diagrammatic view of a blast furnace and supporting apparatus which may be used with the blast furnace to strip and recycle the blast furnace gas, in accordance with my invention.
  • a blast furnace which may be employed to carry out the method of my invention is generally designated 1.
  • the blast furnace 1 is a tall vertical shaft adapted to have a charge of iron ore, metallurgical coke and flux such as limestone fed into the top. Air preheated to about 2,000 F. and under a pressure of around 40 psi is fed into the bottom of the furnace through abustle pipe 2 around the bottom of thefurnace by way of tuyeres 3. The air blast reacts with the coke forming hot carbon monoxide which reducesthe ore toiron. The molten iron gradually accumulates at the bottom of the furnace. The blast furnace gas produced as a resultof the reaction is withdrawn from the top of the furnace through a downcomer pipe 4. The analysis of this raw blast furnace gas by volume averages:
  • this blast furnace gas is stripped of the nitrogen and recycled to utilize its carbon monoxide in the continuing reduction process.
  • the nitrogen is stripped from the gas because it has no function in the reduction process. Rather, it represents a large volume of material that would have to be heated, and would therefore reduce the efficiency of the operation.
  • Raw blast furnace gas is delivered by the downcomer pipe 4 to a dust collector 5 which may be a coarse or preliminary cleaner.
  • the dust collector 5 may be of a type which causes the gas on passing thercthrough to expand in volume and decrease in velocity, so that the larger particles of dirt fall out.
  • the gas may next be conveyed to an electronic or static filter 6 by means of a conduit 7 which is provided to take out the finer particles of dirt.
  • the filtered or cleaned blast furnace gas is conveyed from the electronic filter by pipe 8 to a molecular sieve 9 which strips the nitrogen from the gas and carries it away through pipe 9a.
  • the molecular sieve is a well known device and may for example be of the type disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 2,603,553 and 2,842,219.
  • the stripped gas is next conveyed by pipe 10 to the compressor 11 which raises the pressure of the gas to substantially that of the pressure of the air entering the blast furnace from bustle pipe 2 or slightly higher.
  • the compressor may be placed before rather than after the molecular sieve.
  • the stripped blast furnace gas is thus recycled through the furnace making available its large amount of carbon monoxide to assist in the process of reducing the ore to iron.
  • the proportion of carbon monoxide in the gas recycled' is more than doubled, increasing from about 25 percent by volume in the raw blast furnace gas to about 57 percent in the stripped gas.
  • the amount of coke required in the operation of the furnace is substantially reduced.
  • the improvement comprising withdrawing the blast furnace gas resulting from the reduction process from the blast furnace, stripping nitrogen from at least a portion of the blast furnace gas by the use of a molecular sieve,
  • the blast furnace gas contains dust particles, including cleaning the portion of the blast furnace gas to be stripped prior to stripping in order to remove the dust particles therefrom, compressing the stripped portion of the blast furnace gas to about the pressure of the hot air and heating it to about 2,000 F. and injecting the same back into the blast furnace at the same point as the hot air.

Abstract

A method of operating a blast furnace in which the blast furnace gas is stripped of nitrogen by the use of a molecular sieve and recycled.

Description

United States Patent [191 Stephenson, Jr.
[ PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING PIG IRON [75] Inventor: Edward Stephenson, Jr., Lathrup [21] Appl. No.: 183,999
[451 Jan. 8, 1974 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Allied Property Custodian, SenNo. 360,935. 5-1943. Schweir.
A method of operating a blast furnace in which the blast furnace gas is stripped of nitrogen by the use of 4 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure [52] US. Cl. 75/42, 55/75 [51] Int. Cl C2lb 5/06 Primary Examiner-L. Dewayne Rutledge [58] Field of Search 75/35, 41, 42; Assistant Examiner--M. J. Andrews 55/75, 389 Att0rney-Wi1liam 1-1. Griffith et a1.
[56] References Cited 57 ABSTRACT UNlTED STATES PATENTS 2,843,219 7/1958 Habgood 55/75 X 1,591,470 7/1926 Constant et al 75/35 a molecular sieve and recycled 2,057,554 10/1936 Bradley 75/35 X 1 2,068,842 1/1937 Bradley 75/35 PATENTEDJAH a mu $784,370
HHHIIHHIHHTII Q I U INVENTOR.
ATTORNEYS EDWARD STEPHENSON,JR.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In ordinary practice, a blast furnace is operated by feeding iron ore, metallurgical coke and flux such as lime-stone into the top of the furnace while a preheated air blast is fed into the bottom to react with the coke forming the hot carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide reduces the ore and releases the iron which accumulates at the bottom of the furnace. A vast amount of blast furnace gas having a large proportion of carbon monoxide and an even larger portion of nitrogen is pro duced as a result of this reaction.
One object of this invention is to strip the nitrogen from the blast furnace gas and recycle or inject the stripped gas back into the blast furnace. The gas is recycled to make use of the carbon monoxide in the gas in the reduction process, and the nitrogen is stripped before recycling because it represents a large volume of material which performs no function in the reduction process.
Another object of the invention is to reduce the amount of metallurgical coke necessary to operate the blast furnace. Since a substantial amount of carbon monoxide required in the reduction process is recovered and recycled, the amount of metallurgical coke required is proportionately reduced.
Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, wherein:
The single FIGURE is a semi-diagrammatic view of a blast furnace and supporting apparatus which may be used with the blast furnace to strip and recycle the blast furnace gas, in accordance with my invention.
Referring now more particularly to the drawing, a blast furnace which may be employed to carry out the method of my invention is generally designated 1. The blast furnace 1 is a tall vertical shaft adapted to have a charge of iron ore, metallurgical coke and flux such as limestone fed into the top. Air preheated to about 2,000 F. and under a pressure of around 40 psi is fed into the bottom of the furnace through abustle pipe 2 around the bottom of thefurnace by way of tuyeres 3. The air blast reacts with the coke forming hot carbon monoxide which reducesthe ore toiron. The molten iron gradually accumulates at the bottom of the furnace. The blast furnace gas produced as a resultof the reaction is withdrawn from the top of the furnace through a downcomer pipe 4. The analysis of this raw blast furnace gas by volume averages:
In accordance with my invention, this blast furnace gas is stripped of the nitrogen and recycled to utilize its carbon monoxide in the continuing reduction process. The nitrogen is stripped from the gas because it has no function in the reduction process. Rather, it represents a large volume of material that would have to be heated, and would therefore reduce the efficiency of the operation.
Raw blast furnace gas is delivered by the downcomer pipe 4 to a dust collector 5 which may be a coarse or preliminary cleaner. The dust collector 5 may be of a type which causes the gas on passing thercthrough to expand in volume and decrease in velocity, so that the larger particles of dirt fall out.
The gas may next be conveyed to an electronic or static filter 6 by means of a conduit 7 which is provided to take out the finer particles of dirt.
The filtered or cleaned blast furnace gas is conveyed from the electronic filter by pipe 8 to a molecular sieve 9 which strips the nitrogen from the gas and carries it away through pipe 9a. The molecular sieve is a well known device and may for example be of the type disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 2,603,553 and 2,842,219.
The stripped gas is next conveyed by pipe 10 to the compressor 11 which raises the pressure of the gas to substantially that of the pressure of the air entering the blast furnace from bustle pipe 2 or slightly higher. Optionally, the compressor may be placed before rather than after the molecular sieve.
From the compressor 11 the gas is conveyed by pipe 12 to the stove or heater 13 where its temperature is raised to approximately 2,000 F., the temperature of the hot air, and then conveyed by pipe 14 to hustle pipe 15 which has tubes 16 leading to tuyeres 3 for the introduction of the stripped blast furnace gas back into the furnace at the point where the air enters.
The stripped blast furnace gas is thus recycled through the furnace making available its large amount of carbon monoxide to assist in the process of reducing the ore to iron. As a result of the stripping of the nitrogen, the proportion of carbon monoxide in the gas recycled'is more than doubled, increasing from about 25 percent by volume in the raw blast furnace gas to about 57 percent in the stripped gas. Moreover, the amount of coke required in the operation of the furnace is substantially reduced.
What I claim as my invention is:
1. In the operation of a blast furnace in which iron ore is reduced by the combustion of coke and hot air to produce iron and blast furnace gas and in which the hot air is admitted to the blast furnace continuously, the improvement comprising withdrawing the blast furnace gas resulting from the reduction process from the blast furnace, stripping nitrogen from at least a portion of the blast furnace gas by the use of a molecular sieve,
and injecting the stripped portion of the blast furnace gas back into the blast furnace while continuing to admit the. hot air to assist in the reduction process.
2 The method defined in claim 1, including heating the stripped portion of the blast furnace gas to about 2,000 F. prior to injecting it back into the blast furnace.
"3. The method defined in claim 1 including compressing the stripping portion of the blast furnace gas and heating it to about 2,000 F. and injecting the same back into the blast furnace at the same point as the hot air.
4. The method defined in claim 1, wherein the blast furnace gas contains dust particles, including cleaning the portion of the blast furnace gas to be stripped prior to stripping in order to remove the dust particles therefrom, compressing the stripped portion of the blast furnace gas to about the pressure of the hot air and heating it to about 2,000 F. and injecting the same back into the blast furnace at the same point as the hot air. a a

Claims (3)

  1. 2. The method defined in claim 1, including heating the stripped portion of the blast furnace gas to about 2,000* F. prior to injecting it back into the blast furnace.
  2. 3. The method defined in claim 1, including compressing the stripping portion of the blast furnace gas and heating it to about 2,000* F. and injecting the same back into the blast furnace at the same point as the hot air.
  3. 4. The method defined in claim 1, wherein the blast furnace gas contains dust particles, including cleaning the portion of the blast furnace gas to be stripped prior to stripping in order to remove the dust particles therefrom, compressing the stripped portion of the blast furnace gas to about the pressure of the hot air and heating it to about 2,000* F. and injecting the same back into the blast furnace at the same point as the hot air.
US3784370D 1971-09-27 1971-09-27 Process of manufacturing pig iron Expired - Lifetime US3784370A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0032523A2 (en) * 1979-12-22 1981-07-29 Mannesmann Demag AG Process and device for recovering and reutilizing heat from hot gases, especially from the exhaust gases of metallurgical processes and the use of this process
US4345939A (en) * 1979-03-26 1982-08-24 Mannesmann Demag A.G. Method for providing oxygen enhanced air for use in metallurgical processes
US5413625A (en) * 1989-10-06 1995-05-09 Praxair, Inc. Mixed ion-exchanged zeolites and processes for the use thereof in gas separations
FR2848123A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-11 Air Liquide Recuperation of blast furnace gas with carbon dioxide and nitrogen purification to produce an enriched gas for recycling to the blast furnace or for export to other gas users
US20100282078A1 (en) * 2009-05-07 2010-11-11 Sam David Draper Use of oxygen concentrators for separating n2 from blast furnace gas
WO2013110969A2 (en) 2011-12-27 2013-08-01 Hyl Technologies, S.A. De C.V. Blast furnace with top-gas recycle
WO2014006511A2 (en) 2012-07-03 2014-01-09 Hyl Technologies, S.A De C.V. Method and system for operating a blast furnace with top-gas recycle and a fired tubular heater

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1591470A (en) * 1922-08-22 1926-07-06 Constant Georges Reduction of ores with continuous regeneration and transformation of the residual gas produced during reduction into fresh reducing gas
US2057554A (en) * 1932-08-03 1936-10-13 James D Bradley Method of and apparatus for the reduction of oxide ores
US2068842A (en) * 1934-10-01 1937-01-26 James A Bradley Method and apparatus for the treatment of ores and the generation of gas
US2837419A (en) * 1957-02-15 1958-06-03 Texaco Development Corp Reduction of metal oxides
US2843219A (en) * 1957-01-22 1958-07-15 Canadian Patents Dev Removal of nitrogen from natural gas
US3140933A (en) * 1960-12-02 1964-07-14 Union Carbide Corp Separation of an oxygen-nitrogen mixture
US3140931A (en) * 1960-12-01 1964-07-14 Union Carbide Corp Separation of an oxygen-nitrogen mixture
US3458307A (en) * 1967-03-07 1969-07-29 Armco Steel Corp Method of blast furnace reduction of iron ores
US3460934A (en) * 1966-12-19 1969-08-12 John J Kelmar Blast furnace method
US3564816A (en) * 1968-12-30 1971-02-23 Union Carbide Corp Selective adsorption process
US3607225A (en) * 1965-06-22 1971-09-21 Inst Cercetari Metalurgice Process and apparatus for the direct reduction of iron ores

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1591470A (en) * 1922-08-22 1926-07-06 Constant Georges Reduction of ores with continuous regeneration and transformation of the residual gas produced during reduction into fresh reducing gas
US2057554A (en) * 1932-08-03 1936-10-13 James D Bradley Method of and apparatus for the reduction of oxide ores
US2068842A (en) * 1934-10-01 1937-01-26 James A Bradley Method and apparatus for the treatment of ores and the generation of gas
US2843219A (en) * 1957-01-22 1958-07-15 Canadian Patents Dev Removal of nitrogen from natural gas
US2837419A (en) * 1957-02-15 1958-06-03 Texaco Development Corp Reduction of metal oxides
US3140931A (en) * 1960-12-01 1964-07-14 Union Carbide Corp Separation of an oxygen-nitrogen mixture
US3140933A (en) * 1960-12-02 1964-07-14 Union Carbide Corp Separation of an oxygen-nitrogen mixture
US3607225A (en) * 1965-06-22 1971-09-21 Inst Cercetari Metalurgice Process and apparatus for the direct reduction of iron ores
US3460934A (en) * 1966-12-19 1969-08-12 John J Kelmar Blast furnace method
US3458307A (en) * 1967-03-07 1969-07-29 Armco Steel Corp Method of blast furnace reduction of iron ores
US3564816A (en) * 1968-12-30 1971-02-23 Union Carbide Corp Selective adsorption process

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Allied Property Custodian, Ser. No. 360,935. 5 1943. Schweir. *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4345939A (en) * 1979-03-26 1982-08-24 Mannesmann Demag A.G. Method for providing oxygen enhanced air for use in metallurgical processes
US4354669A (en) * 1979-03-26 1982-10-19 Mannesmann Demag A.G. Apparatus for regulating the quantities and percentages of the gaseous constituents of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water in reaction processes in metallurgical applications
EP0032523A2 (en) * 1979-12-22 1981-07-29 Mannesmann Demag AG Process and device for recovering and reutilizing heat from hot gases, especially from the exhaust gases of metallurgical processes and the use of this process
EP0032523A3 (en) * 1979-12-22 1982-04-07 Mannesmann Demag Ag Process and device for recovering and reutilizing heat from hot gases, especially from the exhaust gases of metallurgical processes and the use of this process
US4434004A (en) 1979-12-22 1984-02-28 Mannesmann Demag Ag Method for recovery and recycling of heat from hot gases in metallurigical processing
US5413625A (en) * 1989-10-06 1995-05-09 Praxair, Inc. Mixed ion-exchanged zeolites and processes for the use thereof in gas separations
FR2848123A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-11 Air Liquide Recuperation of blast furnace gas with carbon dioxide and nitrogen purification to produce an enriched gas for recycling to the blast furnace or for export to other gas users
WO2004052510A2 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-24 L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for recovering blast-furnace gas and use thereof for making cast iron
WO2004052510A3 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-08-12 Air Liquide Method for recovering blast-furnace gas and use thereof for making cast iron
US20100282078A1 (en) * 2009-05-07 2010-11-11 Sam David Draper Use of oxygen concentrators for separating n2 from blast furnace gas
US8177886B2 (en) * 2009-05-07 2012-05-15 General Electric Company Use of oxygen concentrators for separating N2 from blast furnace gas
WO2013110969A2 (en) 2011-12-27 2013-08-01 Hyl Technologies, S.A. De C.V. Blast furnace with top-gas recycle
WO2014006511A2 (en) 2012-07-03 2014-01-09 Hyl Technologies, S.A De C.V. Method and system for operating a blast furnace with top-gas recycle and a fired tubular heater
US9605326B2 (en) 2012-07-03 2017-03-28 Hyl Technologies, S.A. De C.V. Method and system for operating a blast furnace with top-gas recycle and a fired tubular heater

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