US3804098A - Body implantable lead - Google Patents

Body implantable lead Download PDF

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Publication number
US3804098A
US3804098A US00244841A US24484172A US3804098A US 3804098 A US3804098 A US 3804098A US 00244841 A US00244841 A US 00244841A US 24484172 A US24484172 A US 24484172A US 3804098 A US3804098 A US 3804098A
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body member
electrical conductor
insulating
central portion
conductor means
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00244841A
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H Friedman
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Medtronic Inc
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Medtronic Inc
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Priority to US00244841A priority Critical patent/US3804098A/en
Priority to CA168,739A priority patent/CA995763A/en
Priority to GB1829673A priority patent/GB1423261A/en
Priority to JP48043546A priority patent/JPS4920985A/ja
Priority to NL7305359A priority patent/NL7305359A/xx
Priority to FR7313959A priority patent/FR2180907B1/fr
Priority to DE2319499A priority patent/DE2319499A1/en
Priority to AR247610A priority patent/AR200997A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3804098A publication Critical patent/US3804098A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/056—Transvascular endocardial electrode systems

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A body-implantable, bipolar lead for insertion in and guidance through a body vessel to a desired location inside the body.
  • the lead comprises a pair of electrical conductors adapted to be connected at their proximal end to a source of electrical energy.
  • the conductors are substantially covered with a material substantially inert to body fluids and tissue.
  • Tip and proximal electrodes spaced from one another are formed as an integral part of the corresponding conductor by at least a portion of the conductor projecting radially through the outer surface of the covering material and being at least partially exposed.
  • endocardial leads One problem which has existed with endocardial leads is the relationship of the electrical conductors and the electrodes.
  • the tip and proximal electrodes have been metal rings which are located on the outside of the inert material covering the conductors and bonded to the rings by soldering, welding, adhesive bonding or other bonding techniques.
  • the difficulty with this is that with the contraction of the heart the bond between the conductors and electrodes is subjected to continual stress and thus apt to break.
  • the covering material is apt to be broken by the edges of the rings thereby permitting body fluids to find their way inside the lead.
  • the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by eliminating the use of metal rings for the tip and proximal electrodes. Also, the need for a bond between the conductor and the electrode is eliminated. The problem of leakage of body fluids into the lead over time is also substantially eliminated. The overall construction of the lead of the present invention is much more durable and reliable than those of the prior art.
  • a body-implantable, bipolar, endocardial lead comprising a pair of electrical conductors, means adapted to connect the proximal ends of the conductors to a source of electrical energy, means for permitting the lead to be insertedin and guided through a body vessel to a desired location inside the body, means for substantially covering the conductors with a material substantially inert to body fluids and tissue.
  • the improvement being the formation ofthe tip and proximal electrodes as an integral part of the corresponding conductor by at least a portion of the conductor projecting through the outer surface of the covering means and being at least partially exposed to thereby form the tip and proximal electrodes respectively.
  • the exposed portion of each conductor is wrapped at least one turn around the covering means.
  • FIGURE shows a lead in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGURE shows a body-implantable, bipolar, endocardial lead 10.
  • Lead 10 comprises a pair of electri- O cal conductors l2 and 14 embedded in a covering 16.
  • Conductors 12 and 14 may, for example, be of the configuration and construction of the lead described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,572,344. However, it should be understood that any conductor configuration and construction compatible with body fluids and tissue may be used in the present invention.
  • Covering 16 is made of a material which is substantially inert to body fluids and tissue, such as, for example, silicone rubber. Covering 16 is split into two legs 18 and 20 near the proximal end of lead 10.
  • Conductors l2 and 14 are connected to metal connectors 22 and 24 respectively which connectors are adapted to be connected to a source of electrical energy such as a pulse. generator of a cardiac pacemaker.
  • Conductors 12 and 14 and connectors 22 and 24 are made of materials which are substantially inert to body fluids and tissue and may, for example, be platinum or a platinum iridium alloy.
  • a'closely wound helical coil spring 26 which is open at its proximal end 28 and crimped at its distal end 30.
  • Spring 26 defines a lumen into which a stylet (not shown) may be inserted. Insertion of a stylet makes lead 10 sufficiently rigid so that it may be inserted in and guided through a body vessel to a desired location inside the body. Once lead 10 is in its desired location inside the body, the stylet may be withdrawn.
  • Electrode 36 is the proximal electrode and is formed as an integral part of conductor 14. Proximal electrode 36 is formed by conductor 14 projecting through the outer surface of covering 16 at point 40 and being closely wrapped in a helical configuration toward electrode 34 for several'turns about covering 16. The turns of electrode 36 are terminated with the distal end of conductor 14 being embedded in covering 16. The turns of electrode 36 are partially embedded in covering 16 so as to help maintain the turns in fixed position and prevent them from moving.
  • lead 10 When lead 10 is used as an enclocardial lead for a pacemaker system, lead 10 is inserted transvenously and electrode 34 is wedged in the apex of the right ventricle. Although lead 10 has been described for use in conjunction with a cardiac pacemaker system, it should be understood that lead 10 may be used in other intravascular applications, such as, for example, as a lead for a cardioversion or defibrillation system.
  • lead has been shown and described as a bipolar lead, it could also have only one electrode for use with a monopolar system.
  • tip and proximal electrodes 34 and 36 have been shown in a wrapped configuration around covering material 16, they could assume other configurations.
  • An example of another configuration would be to have the electrodes just sections of conductors 12 and 14 partially embedded in and partially exposed along a section of covering material 16.
  • a body implantable lead which comprises:
  • At least one electrical conductor means is provided
  • insulating means encapsulating and electrically insulating said conductor means, said insulating means being of a material which is substantially inert to body fluids and tissues;
  • At least one electrode means partially embedded within the surface of said insulating means and helically wrapped and electrically exposed for at least one entire turn around the periphery of said insulating means for providing an electrical contact at all situs of said electrode means at the periphery of said insulating means, said electrode means being unitary with said conductor means, the terminus of said electrode means being totally embedded within said insulating means.
  • a body implantable lead which comprises:
  • a body member having an elongated central portion of substantially uniform cross section, a connector portion on the proximal end of said central protion and a tip portion on the distal end of said central portion.
  • said body member being formed of an electrically insulating material which is substantially inert to body fluids and tissues;
  • first electrical conducting means embedded within said body member and originating at said body member connector portion for connection to an external device, said first electrical conductor means extending from said body member connector portion through said body member central portion to a point adjacent said body member tip portion whereat said first electrical conductor means projects through the surface of the body member central portion and is wrapped at least once around the periphery of said body member central portion while being partially embedded within its surface such that said first electrical conductor means is electrically exposed only at the location of said wrapping and is so exposed around the entire periphery of said body member central portion, the terminus of said first electrical conductor means being totally embedded within said body member; and
  • second electrical conductor means embedded within said body member and electrically insulated from said first electrical conductor means, said second electrical conductor means originating at said body member connector portion for connection to an external electrical device and extending from said body member connector portion through said body member central portion to a point spaced from the point at which said first electrical conductor means projects through the surface of said body member central portion whereat said second electrical conductor means projects through the surface of said body member central portion and is wrapped at least once around the periphery of said body member central portion while being partially embedded within its surface such that said second electrical conductor means is electrically exposed only at the location of said wrapping and is so exposed around the entire periphery of said body member central portion, the terminus of said second electrical conductor means being totally embedded within said body member.
  • a body implantable lead which comprises:
  • insulating means encapsulating said first and second electrical conductor means and electrically insulating them from each other, said insulating means being of a material which is substantially inert to body fluids and tissues;
  • first electrode means unitary with said first electrical conductor means partially embedded within the surface of said insulating means and helically wrapped and electrically exposed for at least one entire turn around the periphery of said insulating means for providing an electrical contact at all situs of said electrode means at the periphery of said insulating means, the terminus of said first electrode means being totally embedded within said insulating means;
  • second electrode means unitary with said second electrical conductor means spaced from said first electrode means and partially embedded within the surface of said insulating means, said second electrode means being helically wrapped and electrically exposed for at least one entire turn around the periphery of said insulating means for providing an electrical contact at all situs of said second electrode means at the periphery of said insulating means, the terminus of said second electrode means being totally embedded within said insulating means.
  • said guiding means including means encapsulated in said insulating means and defining a lumin therethrough.

Abstract

A body-implantable, bipolar lead for insertion in and guidance through a body vessel to a desired location inside the body. The lead comprises a pair of electrical conductors adapted to be connected at their proximal end to a source of electrical energy. The conductors are substantially covered with a material substantially inert to body fluids and tissue. Tip and proximal electrodes spaced from one another are formed as an integral part of the corresponding conductor by at least a portion of the conductor projecting radially through the outer surface of the covering material and being at least partially exposed.

Description

United States Patent Friedman Apr. 16, 1974 BODY IMPLANTABLE LEAD Prima ExaminerRichard A. Gaudet 75 l t 1 n G. F ed N B ht 1 men or ix n ew mg on Assistant Examiner-Lee S. Cohen Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Irving S. 'Rappaport; Wayne [73] Assignee: Medronic, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. A, Siv rt n [22] Filed: Apr. 17, 1972 App]. No.2 244,841
[52] US. Cl 128/404, 128/419 P [51] Int. Cl A61n l/04 [58] Field of Search 128/418, 404, 419 P, 2.1 E,
[5 6] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,729,008 4/1973 Berkovits 128/418 3,348,548 10/1967 3,416,533 12/1968 3,472,234 10/1969 3,485,247 12/1969 3,664,347 5/1972 Harmjanz ..128/404 [5 7] ABSTRACT A body-implantable, bipolar lead for insertion in and guidance through a body vessel to a desired location inside the body. The lead comprises a pair of electrical conductors adapted to be connected at their proximal end to a source of electrical energy. The conductors are substantially covered with a material substantially inert to body fluids and tissue. Tip and proximal electrodes spaced from one another are formed as an integral part of the corresponding conductor by at least a portion of the conductor projecting radially through the outer surface of the covering material and being at least partially exposed.
9 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure PATENTEUAPR 16 1974 BODY IMPLANTABLE LEAD BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION smyocardial or endocardialfor delivering the stimulating pulses from the pulse generator to the patients heart. Myocardial leads have electrodes which are secured directly into cardiac tissue. Endocardial leads are passed intravenously to the heart and the electrodes are positioned so that the tip electrode is lodged in the apex of the right ventricle of the heart.
One problem which has existed with endocardial leads is the relationship of the electrical conductors and the electrodes. In prior art endocardial leads, the tip and proximal electrodes have been metal rings which are located on the outside of the inert material covering the conductors and bonded to the rings by soldering, welding, adhesive bonding or other bonding techniques. The difficulty with this is that with the contraction of the heart the bond between the conductors and electrodes is subjected to continual stress and thus apt to break. Also the covering material is apt to be broken by the edges of the rings thereby permitting body fluids to find their way inside the lead.
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by eliminating the use of metal rings for the tip and proximal electrodes. Also, the need for a bond between the conductor and the electrode is eliminated. The problem of leakage of body fluids into the lead over time is also substantially eliminated. The overall construction of the lead of the present invention is much more durable and reliable than those of the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Theabove advantages, features and objects of the present invention, as well as others, are accomplished by providing in a body-implantable, bipolar, endocardial lead comprising a pair of electrical conductors, means adapted to connect the proximal ends of the conductors to a source of electrical energy, means for permitting the lead to be insertedin and guided through a body vessel to a desired location inside the body, means for substantially covering the conductors with a material substantially inert to body fluids and tissue. and tip and proximal electrodes spaced from one another and connected to the distal ends of the corresponding conductors, the improvement being the formation ofthe tip and proximal electrodes as an integral part of the corresponding conductor by at least a portion of the conductor projecting through the outer surface of the covering means and being at least partially exposed to thereby form the tip and proximal electrodes respectively. In the preferred embodiment the exposed portion of each conductor is wrapped at least one turn around the covering means.
Other advantages. features and objects of the present invention will hereinafter become more fully apparent from the following description of the drawing, which illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The FIGURE shows a lead in accordance with the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The FIGURE shows a body-implantable, bipolar, endocardial lead 10. Lead 10 comprises a pair of electri- O cal conductors l2 and 14 embedded in a covering 16.
Conductors 12 and 14 may, for example, be of the configuration and construction of the lead described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,572,344. However, it should be understood that any conductor configuration and construction compatible with body fluids and tissue may be used in the present invention. Covering 16 is made of a material which is substantially inert to body fluids and tissue, such as, for example, silicone rubber. Covering 16 is split into two legs 18 and 20 near the proximal end of lead 10. Conductors l2 and 14 are connected to metal connectors 22 and 24 respectively which connectors are adapted to be connected to a source of electrical energy such as a pulse. generator of a cardiac pacemaker. Conductors 12 and 14 and connectors 22 and 24 are made of materials which are substantially inert to body fluids and tissue and may, for example, be platinum or a platinum iridium alloy.
Also embedded in the covering 16 and extending from the juncture oflegs l8 and 20 to close to the distal end of lead 10 is a'closely wound helical coil spring 26 which is open at its proximal end 28 and crimped at its distal end 30. Spring 26 defines a lumen into which a stylet (not shown) may be inserted. Insertion of a stylet makes lead 10 sufficiently rigid so that it may be inserted in and guided through a body vessel to a desired location inside the body. Once lead 10 is in its desired location inside the body, the stylet may be withdrawn.
covering 16. The turns of electrode 34 are partially embedded in covering 16 so as to help maintain the turns in fixed position and prevent them from moving. Electrode 36 is the proximal electrode and is formed as an integral part of conductor 14. Proximal electrode 36 is formed by conductor 14 projecting through the outer surface of covering 16 at point 40 and being closely wrapped in a helical configuration toward electrode 34 for several'turns about covering 16. The turns of electrode 36 are terminated with the distal end of conductor 14 being embedded in covering 16. The turns of electrode 36 are partially embedded in covering 16 so as to help maintain the turns in fixed position and prevent them from moving.
When lead 10 is used as an enclocardial lead for a pacemaker system, lead 10 is inserted transvenously and electrode 34 is wedged in the apex of the right ventricle. Although lead 10 has been described for use in conjunction with a cardiac pacemaker system, it should be understood that lead 10 may be used in other intravascular applications, such as, for example, as a lead for a cardioversion or defibrillation system.
Although lead has been shown and described as a bipolar lead, it could also have only one electrode for use with a monopolar system. Also, although the tip and proximal electrodes 34 and 36 have been shown in a wrapped configuration around covering material 16, they could assume other configurations. An example of another configuration would be to have the electrodes just sections of conductors 12 and 14 partially embedded in and partially exposed along a section of covering material 16.
It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing disclosure relates to only a preferred embodiment of the invention and that numerous modifications or alterations may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A body implantable lead which comprises:
at least one electrical conductor means:
means for connecting said electrical conductor means to a source of electrical energy;
insulating means encapsulating and electrically insulating said conductor means, said insulating means being of a material which is substantially inert to body fluids and tissues; and
at least one electrode means partially embedded within the surface of said insulating means and helically wrapped and electrically exposed for at least one entire turn around the periphery of said insulating means for providing an electrical contact at all situs of said electrode means at the periphery of said insulating means, said electrode means being unitary with said conductor means, the terminus of said electrode means being totally embedded within said insulating means.
2. A body implantable lead which comprises:
a body member having an elongated central portion of substantially uniform cross section, a connector portion on the proximal end of said central protion and a tip portion on the distal end of said central portion. said body member being formed of an electrically insulating material which is substantially inert to body fluids and tissues;
first electrical conducting means embedded within said body member and originating at said body member connector portion for connection to an external device, said first electrical conductor means extending from said body member connector portion through said body member central portion to a point adjacent said body member tip portion whereat said first electrical conductor means projects through the surface of the body member central portion and is wrapped at least once around the periphery of said body member central portion while being partially embedded within its surface such that said first electrical conductor means is electrically exposed only at the location of said wrapping and is so exposed around the entire periphery of said body member central portion, the terminus of said first electrical conductor means being totally embedded within said body member; and
second electrical conductor means embedded within said body member and electrically insulated from said first electrical conductor means, said second electrical conductor means originating at said body member connector portion for connection to an external electrical device and extending from said body member connector portion through said body member central portion to a point spaced from the point at which said first electrical conductor means projects through the surface of said body member central portion whereat said second electrical conductor means projects through the surface of said body member central portion and is wrapped at least once around the periphery of said body member central portion while being partially embedded within its surface such that said second electrical conductor means is electrically exposed only at the location of said wrapping and is so exposed around the entire periphery of said body member central portion, the terminus of said second electrical conductor means being totally embedded within said body member.
3. The body implantable lead of claim 2 wherein the terminus of each of said first and second electrical conductor means are embedded within said body member at a point distal to the point at which the respective lead projects through the surface of said body member central portion.
4. The body implantable lead of claim 2 wherein said first and second electrical conductor means are helically wrapped around the periphery of said body member central portion in a direction away from said body member connector portion.
5. A body implantable lead which comprises:
first electrical conductor means;
second electrical conductor means;
means for connecting said first and second conductor means to a source of electrical energy;
insulating means encapsulating said first and second electrical conductor means and electrically insulating them from each other, said insulating means being of a material which is substantially inert to body fluids and tissues;
first electrode means unitary with said first electrical conductor means partially embedded within the surface of said insulating means and helically wrapped and electrically exposed for at least one entire turn around the periphery of said insulating means for providing an electrical contact at all situs of said electrode means at the periphery of said insulating means, the terminus of said first electrode means being totally embedded within said insulating means; and
second electrode means unitary with said second electrical conductor means spaced from said first electrode means and partially embedded within the surface of said insulating means, said second electrode means being helically wrapped and electrically exposed for at least one entire turn around the periphery of said insulating means for providing an electrical contact at all situs of said second electrode means at the periphery of said insulating means, the terminus of said second electrode means being totally embedded within said insulating means. I
6. The body implantable lead of claim 5 wherein said I insulating means covering said first and second electrical conductor means has a substantially uniform cross section in the region at which said first and second electrode means are partially embedded therein.
said guiding means including means encapsulated in said insulating means and defining a lumin therethrough.
9. The body implantable lead of claim 5 wherein the helix formed by said first and second electrode means extend away from the respective unitary electrical conductor means.

Claims (9)

1. A body implantable lead which comprises: at least one electrical conductor means: means for connecting said electrical conductor means to a source of electrical energy; insulating means encapsulating and electrically insulating said conductor means, said insulating means being of a material which is substantially inert to body fluids and tissues; and at least one electrode means partially embedded within the surface of said insulating means and helically wrapped and electrically exposed for at least one entire turn around the periphery of said insulating means for providing an electrical contact at all situs of said electrode means at the periphery of said insulating means, said electrode means being unitary with said conductor means, the terminus of said electrode means being totally embedded within said insulating means.
2. A body implantable lead which comprises: a body member having an elongated central portion of substantially uniform cross section, a connector portion on the proximal end of said central protion and a tip portion on the distal end of said central portion, said body member being formed of an electrically insulating material which is substantially inert to body fluids and tissues; first electrical conducting means embedded within said body member and originating at said body member connector portion for connection to an external device, said first electrical conductor means extending from said body member connector portion through said body member central portion to a point adjacent said body member tip portion whereat said first electrical conductor means projects through the surface of the body member central portion and is wrapped at least once around the periphery of said body member central portion while being partially embedded within its surface such that said first electrical conductor means is electrically exposed only at the location of said wrapping and is so exposed around the entire periphery of said body member central portion, the terminus of said first electrical conductor means being totally embedded within said body member; and second electrical conductor means embedded within said body member and electrically insulated from said first electrical conductor means, said second electrical conductor means originating at said body member connector portion for connection to an external electrical device and extending from said body member connector portion through said body member central portion to a point spaced from the point at which said first electrical conductor means projects through the surface of said body member central portion whereat said second electrical conductor means projects through the surface of said body member central portion and is wrapped at least once around the periphery of said body member central portion while being partially embedded within its surface such that said second electrical conductor means is electrically exposed only at the location of said wrapping and is so exposed around the entire periphery of said body member central portion, the terminus of said second electrical conductor means being totally embedded within said body member.
3. The body implantable lead of claim 2 wherein the terminus of each of said first and second electrical conductor means are embedded within said body member at a point distal to the point at which the respective lead projects through the surface of said Body member central portion.
4. The body implantable lead of claim 2 wherein said first and second electrical conductor means are helically wrapped around the periphery of said body member central portion in a direction away from said body member connector portion.
5. A body implantable lead which comprises: first electrical conductor means; second electrical conductor means; means for connecting said first and second conductor means to a source of electrical energy; insulating means encapsulating said first and second electrical conductor means and electrically insulating them from each other, said insulating means being of a material which is substantially inert to body fluids and tissues; first electrode means unitary with said first electrical conductor means partially embedded within the surface of said insulating means and helically wrapped and electrically exposed for at least one entire turn around the periphery of said insulating means for providing an electrical contact at all situs of said electrode means at the periphery of said insulating means, the terminus of said first electrode means being totally embedded within said insulating means; and second electrode means unitary with said second electrical conductor means spaced from said first electrode means and partially embedded within the surface of said insulating means, said second electrode means being helically wrapped and electrically exposed for at least one entire turn around the periphery of said insulating means for providing an electrical contact at all situs of said second electrode means at the periphery of said insulating means, the terminus of said second electrode means being totally embedded within said insulating means.
6. The body implantable lead of claim 5 wherein said insulating means covering said first and second electrical conductor means has a substantially uniform cross section in the region at which said first and second electrode means are partially embedded therein.
7. The body implantable lead of claim 6 wherein the helix formed by said first and second electrode means extend away from their respective unitary electrical conductor means.
8. The body implantable lead of claim 7 further comprising means extending substantially the entire length of said insulating means for guiding the lead through a body vessel and into a desired location inside the body, said guiding means including means encapsulated in said insulating means and defining a lumin therethrough.
9. The body implantable lead of claim 5 wherein the helix formed by said first and second electrode means extend away from the respective unitary electrical conductor means.
US00244841A 1972-04-17 1972-04-17 Body implantable lead Expired - Lifetime US3804098A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00244841A US3804098A (en) 1972-04-17 1972-04-17 Body implantable lead
CA168,739A CA995763A (en) 1972-04-17 1973-04-13 Body implantable lead
GB1829673A GB1423261A (en) 1972-04-17 1973-04-16 Body implantable lead
NL7305359A NL7305359A (en) 1972-04-17 1973-04-17
JP48043546A JPS4920985A (en) 1972-04-17 1973-04-17
FR7313959A FR2180907B1 (en) 1972-04-17 1973-04-17
DE2319499A DE2319499A1 (en) 1972-04-17 1973-04-17 IMPLANTABLE LEAD ARRANGEMENT
AR247610A AR200997A1 (en) 1972-04-17 1973-04-17 FLEXIBLE PROBE IMPLANTABLE IN THE BODY

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US3804098A true US3804098A (en) 1974-04-16

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JP (1) JPS4920985A (en)
AR (1) AR200997A1 (en)
CA (1) CA995763A (en)
DE (1) DE2319499A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2180907B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1423261A (en)
NL (1) NL7305359A (en)

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US3981309A (en) * 1974-12-23 1976-09-21 American Optical Corporation Patient stimulating pacer electrode
US4144891A (en) * 1977-04-20 1979-03-20 Medtronic, Inc. Heart stimulator lead set
US4161952A (en) * 1977-11-01 1979-07-24 Mieczyslaw Mirowski Wound wire catheter cardioverting electrode
US4172451A (en) * 1978-04-06 1979-10-30 Medical Evaluation Devices And Instruments Corp. Intracardial electrode and a method of manufacture thereof
DE3043189A1 (en) * 1980-11-15 1982-06-03 Peter Dr.-Ing. 7889 Grenzach-Wyhlen Osypka Compact heart pacemaker electrode - has coaxial windings for separate electrode pole conductors
EP0109178A2 (en) * 1982-10-14 1984-05-23 Baxter International Inc. Flexible tip cardiac pacing catheter
US4458695A (en) * 1982-07-16 1984-07-10 Cordis Corporation Multipolar electrode assembly for pacing lead
US4574807A (en) * 1984-03-02 1986-03-11 Carl Hewson Method and apparatus for pacing the heart employing external and internal electrodes
US4603705A (en) * 1984-05-04 1986-08-05 Mieczyslaw Mirowski Intravascular multiple electrode unitary catheter
US4614192A (en) * 1982-04-21 1986-09-30 Mieczyslaw Mirowski Implantable cardiac defibrillator employing bipolar sensing and telemetry means
US4683890A (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-08-04 Brunswick Manufacturing Co., Inc. Method and apparatus for controlled breathing employing internal and external electrodes
US4930521A (en) * 1989-03-17 1990-06-05 Metzger William T Variable stiffness esophageal catheter
US5376109A (en) * 1992-06-16 1994-12-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Medical electrode device
US5417208A (en) * 1993-10-12 1995-05-23 Arrow International Investment Corp. Electrode-carrying catheter and method of making same
US5476497A (en) * 1991-01-09 1995-12-19 Ann Mirowski Oval electrode lead body
US5554178A (en) * 1993-02-22 1996-09-10 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Metalized implantable cardiac electrode
US5755757A (en) * 1996-05-01 1998-05-26 Teague; Thomas Wade Apparatus for localized neutralization of poison
US5843148A (en) * 1996-09-27 1998-12-01 Medtronic, Inc. High resolution brain stimulation lead and method of use
US5871529A (en) * 1997-01-16 1999-02-16 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Electrode for high impedance heart stimulation
US5913887A (en) * 1996-03-01 1999-06-22 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Device for the transvenous cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter including three coil electrodes
US5916243A (en) * 1992-11-24 1999-06-29 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Implantable conformal coil patch electrode with multiple conductive elements for cardioversion and defibrillation
US6085119A (en) * 1998-07-22 2000-07-04 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Single pass endocardial lead for multi-site atrial pacing
US6152954A (en) * 1998-07-22 2000-11-28 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Single pass lead having retractable, actively attached electrode for pacing and sensing
US6212434B1 (en) 1998-07-22 2001-04-03 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Single pass lead system
US6253111B1 (en) 1998-03-30 2001-06-26 Pacesetter, Inc. Multi-conductor lead
US6321122B1 (en) 1998-07-22 2001-11-20 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Single pass defibrillation/pacing lead with passively attached electrode for pacing and sensing
US6363286B1 (en) * 1999-09-24 2002-03-26 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. High impedance electrode assembly
US6463334B1 (en) 1998-11-02 2002-10-08 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Extendable and retractable lead
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA995763A (en) 1976-08-24
FR2180907A1 (en) 1973-11-30
DE2319499A1 (en) 1974-01-03
GB1423261A (en) 1976-02-04
FR2180907B1 (en) 1977-02-04
AR200997A1 (en) 1975-02-06
JPS4920985A (en) 1974-02-23
NL7305359A (en) 1973-10-19

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