US3833787A - Plasma jet cutting torch having reduced noise generating characteristics - Google Patents
Plasma jet cutting torch having reduced noise generating characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- US3833787A US3833787A US00406333A US40633373A US3833787A US 3833787 A US3833787 A US 3833787A US 00406333 A US00406333 A US 00406333A US 40633373 A US40633373 A US 40633373A US 3833787 A US3833787 A US 3833787A
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- torch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
Definitions
- a low velocity annular water sheath is provided around the plasma jet to absorb and dampen acoustic energy generated by the jet. This sheath forms an essentially continuous shield around the jet between the torch and the workpiece.
- This invention relates to plasma jet cutting torches and more particularly to means for reducing the noise generated by such torches.
- a high energy noise field is generated in the cutting region by mixing of the high velocity plasma jet with the surrounding atmosphere.
- the generation of noise by jet mixing occurs both above and below the workpiece being cut.
- the noise generated in the region beneath the workpiece can be substantially reduced by providing a body of water directly under or in contact with the plate.
- the high velocity mixing of the exiting plasma jet with this body of water both reduces the level of noise generated and tends to scrub particulate pollutants from the exhuast gases.
- the present invention relates to aplasma arc torch of the type which projects a high velocity plasma jet against a workpiece, thereby to cut the workpiece.
- a collar member is provided around the torch itself so as to form an annular,'downwardly directed nozzle.
- a liquid flow is coupled to the nozzle thereby to provide, around the plasma jet, a thick liquid sheath which extends essentially continuously between the torch and the workpiece. This sheath operates to absorb and dampen acoustic energy generated by the plasma jet.
- FIG. 1 is a side view, with parts broken away, of'a plasma jet plate cutting system constructed in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a similar side view of a modification.
- torch 11 a plasma are cutting torc'h having a generally cylindrical body shell 13.
- torch 11 is generally of the type disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,641,308 issued to myself and Robert C. Dean, Jr., on Feb. 8, 1972, for a Plasma Arc Torch Having Liquid Laminar Flow Jet For Arc Constriction.
- the torch 11 employs an electrode which is connected to an electric power source so as to generate an are between the torch electrodes and the workpiece being cut.
- Such a workpiece is indicated at 17 in FIG. 1.
- a flow of an ionizable inert gas is directed around the electrode, so that a plasma is formed by the arc, which plasma is then projected as a jet to cut the workpiece.
- the plasma jet is constricted by a flow of liquid which is directed radially inwardly against the plasma thereby to reduce its crosssection and concentrate the application of heat on the workpiece.
- the present invention also employs a liquid flow in the general vi- 7 cinity of the plasma jet, this latter flow is a relatively low velocity or stagnant flow as compared with the inwardly directed constricting jet which is impinged upon the plasma and thus should be clearly distinguished therefrom.
- the torch 11 is provided with an annular collar member 21 which, together with the torch body 13, forms an annular plenum chamber 23 and a downwardly-directed, annular nozzle 25 having a constricted entrance 26 followed by a section 27 with a flaring or increasing crosssectional area.
- a pairvof inlets 28 and 29 are provided for coupling a flow of a liquid, such as water, to the plenum chamber 23. This water flow leaves the plenum chamber 23 through the nozzle portion 25, the constricted entrance 26 providing a pressure drop causing distribution of the flow around the plenum with the flaring cross-section of the nozzle operating to slow the liquid flow as much as possible prior to itsdeparture from the nozzle.
- the removable cap 35 which permits replacement of various torch components is constructed so as to be essentially flush with the torch body 13 at the mouth of the nozzle 25. Accordingly, the water leaving the nozzle will continue to follow the side of the torch and is led by the side of the torch to the gap between the torch and the workpiece. Thus, a slow moving, almost stagnant sheath of falling liquid is provided around the plasma jet between the torch and the workpiece.
- the proportioning of the various components is selected so that the liquid sheath is as thick as possible for a given water flow while maintaining the continuity of the sheath around the are.
- this sheath operates to absorb and dampen acoustic energy generated by the plasma jet in the region betweenthe torch and the workpiece.
- the A; inch thick water sheath was produced by a flow of I8 gallons per minute, the flow ve locity at the mouth of nozzle 25 being about 8.7 feet per second.
- the relationship between the thickness of the water sheath and the efficiency of noise attenuation is illustrated by an experiment conducted when the flow rate was reduced to gallons per minute. The sound intensity then rose to a level of 93 db.
- the water sheath is formed by a nozzle construction which is located well above the lowermost point of the torch, with the water sheath being then allowed to flow downwardly along the torch body, the nozzle itself is effectively protected from flying material ejected from the cut. Further, the nozzle is located well above the retaining cap 35 so that the cap can be removed to permit the replacement of internal torch components without removing the collar member 21.
- the nozzle 41 employs a cylindrical sleeve 43 which is uniformly spaced from the torch body.
- the upper portion of the sleeve extends into the plenum 23 and includes a multiplicity of holes 45.
- the screen thereby formed generates a pressure drop providing for distribution of the flow around the plenum chamber so that a nozzle of uniform cross-section may be used.
- a further advantage of using the liquid sheath of the present invention is that the intensity of light radiated from the plasma is substantially reduced. This attenuation can be further increased by adding dye to the water used in the annular sheath.
Abstract
In the plasma jet cutting torch construction disclosed herein, a low velocity annular water sheath is provided around the plasma jet to absorb and dampen acoustic energy generated by the jet. This sheath forms an essentially continuous shield around the jet between the torch and the workpiece.
Description
tmited States Patent [191 Couch, Jr.
[451 Sept. 3, 1974 PLASMA JET CUTTING TORCH HAVING REDUCED NOISE GENERATING CHARACTERISTICS [75] Inventor: Richard W. Couch, Jr., Hanover,
NH. [73] Assignee: Hypotherm, Incorporated, Hanover, NH.
[22]- Filed: Oct. 15, 1973 21 Appl. No.: 406,333
Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation of Ser. No. 262,091, June 12, 1972,
Correy et al.....
3,131,288 4/1964, Browning 219/75 X 3,534,388 10/1970 Takakiyoito et al. 219/121 P 3,619,549 11/1971 Hogan 219/121? 3,641,308 2/1972 Couch, Jr. et al... 219/121 P 3,649,805 3/1972 Rohrberg 219/121 P 3,692,973 9/1972 Oku et al 2 19/121 P Primary Examiner J. V. Truhe Assistant Examiner- G; R. Peterson Attorney, Agent, or Firml(enway & Jenney [5 7 7 ABSTRACT In the plasma jet Cutting torch construction disclosed herein, a low velocity annular water sheath is provided around the plasma jet to absorb and dampen acoustic energy generated by the jet. This sheath forms an essentially continuous shield around the jet between the torch and the workpiece. 1
3 Claiins, 2 Drawing Figures \iii'x s PATENIED 3 I974 FIG. 2
RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 262,091
filed June 12, 1972, now abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to plasma jet cutting torches and more particularly to means for reducing the noise generated by such torches.
In the cutting of metal plate with a plasma arc torch, a high energy noise field is generated in the cutting region by mixing of the high velocity plasma jet with the surrounding atmosphere. The generation of noise by jet mixing occurs both above and below the workpiece being cut.
As the plasma jet expends some of its energy in melting the material of the workpiece and ejecting the molten metal from the kerf, thesound levels produced in the region below the workpiece are typically not as intense as those produced above the workpiece. Further, as describedin my copending application for a Water- Scrubber Cutting Table, filed Apr. 6, 1972, now US. Pat. No. 3,787,247 issued Jan. 22, 1974, the noise generated in the region beneath the workpiece can be substantially reduced by providing a body of water directly under or in contact with the plate. The high velocity mixing of the exiting plasma jet with this body of water both reduces the level of noise generated and tends to scrub particulate pollutants from the exhuast gases.
Among the several objects of the present invention may be noted the provision of means for reducing the noise generated by a plasma jet cutting torch, particularly the noise generated in the region between the torch and the workpiece; a further object is to reduce the light generated from that same region; a still further object is to provide an improved torch which can be constructed relatively simply 'andeconomically and is reliable and efficient in operation. Other objects and features will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Briefly, the present invention relates to aplasma arc torch of the type which projects a high velocity plasma jet against a workpiece, thereby to cut the workpiece. A collar member is provided around the torch itself so as to form an annular,'downwardly directed nozzle. A liquid flow is coupled to the nozzle thereby to provide, around the plasma jet, a thick liquid sheath which extends essentially continuously between the torch and the workpiece. This sheath operates to absorb and dampen acoustic energy generated by the plasma jet.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side view, with parts broken away, of'a plasma jet plate cutting system constructed in accordance with the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a similar side view of a modification.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of. the drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now to FIG. 1, there is indicated at 11 a plasma are cutting torc'h having a generally cylindrical body shell 13. Preferably, torch 11 is generally of the type disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,641,308 issued to myself and Robert C. Dean, Jr., on Feb. 8, 1972, for a Plasma Arc Torch Having Liquid Laminar Flow Jet For Arc Constriction. As is described in greater detail in the specification of that patent, the torch 11 employs an electrode which is connected to an electric power source so as to generate an are between the torch electrodes and the workpiece being cut. Such a workpiece is indicated at 17 in FIG. 1. As is further described in the patent, a flow of an ionizable inert gas is directed around the electrode, so that a plasma is formed by the arc, which plasma is then projected as a jet to cut the workpiece.
In accordance with the invention disclosed and claimed in the aforesaid patent, the plasma jet is constricted by a flow of liquid which is directed radially inwardly against the plasma thereby to reduce its crosssection and concentrate the application of heat on the workpiece. While, as described hereinafter, the present invention also employs a liquid flow in the general vi- 7 cinity of the plasma jet, this latter flow is a relatively low velocity or stagnant flow as compared with the inwardly directed constricting jet which is impinged upon the plasma and thus should be clearly distinguished therefrom.
In accordance with the present invention, the torch 11 is provided with an annular collar member 21 which, together with the torch body 13, forms an annular plenum chamber 23 and a downwardly-directed, annular nozzle 25 having a constricted entrance 26 followed by a section 27 with a flaring or increasing crosssectional area. A pairvof inlets 28 and 29 are provided for coupling a flow of a liquid, such as water, to the plenum chamber 23. This water flow leaves the plenum chamber 23 through the nozzle portion 25, the constricted entrance 26 providing a pressure drop causing distribution of the flow around the plenum with the flaring cross-section of the nozzle operating to slow the liquid flow as much as possible prior to itsdeparture from the nozzle. In the embodiment illustrated, the removable cap 35 which permits replacement of various torch components is constructed so as to be essentially flush with the torch body 13 at the mouth of the nozzle 25. Accordingly, the water leaving the nozzle will continue to follow the side of the torch and is led by the side of the torch to the gap between the torch and the workpiece. Thus, a slow moving, almost stagnant sheath of falling liquid is provided around the plasma jet between the torch and the workpiece.
As noted previously, the proportioning of the various components is selected so that the liquid sheath is as thick as possible for a given water flow while maintaining the continuity of the sheath around the are. In accordance with the invention, this sheath operates to absorb and dampen acoustic energy generated by the plasma jet in the region betweenthe torch and the workpiece.
Various tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the annular liquid sheath in the present invention in attenuating noise, together with the water- 'scrubber cutting table described in my previously mentioned copending application. In cutting /2 inch stainless steel at a power level of 65 kw, the sound intensity 6 feet from the torch was l08 db. without water in the cutting table and without the annular water sheath of the present invention. With the cutting table filled with water so as to minimize the noise emitted from the region on the underside of the workpiece, the noise level was reduced to 101 db. With the addition of an annular water sheath of approximately /s inch thickness, the sound intensity was reduced to 86 db., a further reduction of 15 db. The A; inch thick water sheath was produced by a flow of I8 gallons per minute, the flow ve locity at the mouth of nozzle 25 being about 8.7 feet per second. The relationship between the thickness of the water sheath and the efficiency of noise attenuation is illustrated by an experiment conducted when the flow rate was reduced to gallons per minute. The sound intensity then rose to a level of 93 db.
Since the water sheath is formed by a nozzle construction which is located well above the lowermost point of the torch, with the water sheath being then allowed to flow downwardly along the torch body, the nozzle itself is effectively protected from flying material ejected from the cut. Further, the nozzle is located well above the retaining cap 35 so that the cap can be removed to permit the replacement of internal torch components without removing the collar member 21.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the nozzle 41 employs a cylindrical sleeve 43 which is uniformly spaced from the torch body. The upper portion of the sleeve extends into the plenum 23 and includes a multiplicity of holes 45. The screen thereby formed generates a pressure drop providing for distribution of the flow around the plenum chamber so that a nozzle of uniform cross-section may be used.
A further advantage of using the liquid sheath of the present invention is that the intensity of light radiated from the plasma is substantially reduced. This attenuation can be further increased by adding dye to the water used in the annular sheath.
In view of the foregoing, it may be seen that several objects of the present invention are achieved and other advantageous results have been attained.
As various changes could be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it should be understood that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
What is claimed is:
1. In a plasma are cutting torch of the type having a generally cylindrical body enclosing an electrode, provided with means for generating an are between said electrode and a workpiece and means for producing a high velocity flow of an inert gas around said electrode to generate a plasma, the plasma being projected as a high velocity jet from the torch to cut the workpiece, the method of reducing the noise generated by the torch which comprises:
providing, entirely around said cylindrical body, an
annular downward flow of water which falls at an essentially minimal, relatively low velocity from said body to said workpiece as an essentially continuous and unbroken water curtain surrounding but not contacting said jet, said water curtain being in the order of one-eighth inch thick.
2. The method of claim 1 in which said flow is provided by a collar surrounding said torch body, said collar including a circumferential plenum opening downwardly into an annular nozzle having a relatively restricted entrance followed by a section of flaring crosssection for slowing the downward annular flow.
3. The method of claim 1 in which said flow is provided by a collar surrounding said torch body, said collar including a circumferential plenum opening into a downwardly directed annular channel, a screen being interposed between said plenum and said channel for restricting said flow and providing a uniform flow around said channel.
Claims (3)
1. In a plasma arc cutting torch of the type having a generally cylindrical body enclosing an electrode, provided with means for generating an arc between said electrode and a workpiece and means for producing a high velocity flow of an inert gas around said electrode to generate a plasma, the plasma being projected as a high velocity jet from the torch to cut the workpiece, the method of reducing the noise generated by the torch which comprises: providing, entirely around said cylindrical body, an annular downward flow of water which falls at an essentially minimal, relatively low velocity from said body to said workpiece as an essentially continuous and unbroken water curtain surrounding but not contacting said jet, said water curtain being in the order of one-eighth inch thick.
2. The method of claim 1 in which said flow is provided by a collar surrounding said torch body, said collar including a circumferential plenum opening downwardly into an annular nozzle having a relatively restricted entrance followed by a section of flaring cross-section for slowing the downward annular flow.
3. The method of claim 1 in which said flow is provided by a collar surrounding said torch body, said collar including a circumferential plenum opening into a downwardly directed annular channel, a screen being interposed between said plenum and said channel for restricting said flow and providing a uniform flow around said channel.
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US00406333A US3833787A (en) | 1972-06-12 | 1973-10-15 | Plasma jet cutting torch having reduced noise generating characteristics |
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US26209172A | 1972-06-12 | 1972-06-12 | |
US00406333A US3833787A (en) | 1972-06-12 | 1973-10-15 | Plasma jet cutting torch having reduced noise generating characteristics |
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Cited By (47)
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US4052632A (en) * | 1972-09-04 | 1977-10-04 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of underwater welding |
US4087670A (en) * | 1973-06-26 | 1978-05-02 | Lukens Steel Corp. | Process for suppression of noise and fumes generated by plasma-arc cutting operation |
US4300033A (en) * | 1979-06-14 | 1981-11-10 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Reduced operating noise nozzle for electric arc cutting device |
US4382170A (en) * | 1980-08-30 | 1983-05-03 | Trumpf Gmbh & Co. | Thermal cutting jet device with suction apparatus |
US4554431A (en) * | 1984-06-04 | 1985-11-19 | Deere & Company | Water shield ring for plasma arc cutting torch |
US4791268A (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1988-12-13 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Arc plasma torch and method using contact starting |
US4816637A (en) * | 1985-11-25 | 1989-03-28 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Underwater and above-water plasma arc cutting torch and method |
US4902871A (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1990-02-20 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Apparatus and process for cooling a plasma arc electrode |
US5164568A (en) * | 1989-10-20 | 1992-11-17 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Nozzle for a plasma arc torch having an angled inner surface to facilitate and control arc ignition |
US5164569A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-11-17 | Trafimet Sas | Plasma-operated cutting torch with contact starting |
US5166494A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1992-11-24 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Process and apparatus for reducing electrode wear in a plasma arc torch |
US5170033A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1992-12-08 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Swirl ring and flow control process for a plasma arc torch |
US5208441A (en) * | 1991-04-29 | 1993-05-04 | Century Manufacturing Co. | Plasma arc ignition system |
US5396043A (en) * | 1988-06-07 | 1995-03-07 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Plasma arc cutting process and apparatus using an oxygen-rich gas shield |
US5660743A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1997-08-26 | The Esab Group, Inc. | Plasma arc torch having water injection nozzle assembly |
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US6054669A (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 2000-04-25 | The Esab Group, Inc. | Plasma marking torch and method of operating same |
US6163009A (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-12-19 | Innerlogic, Inc. | Process for operating a plasma arc torch |
US6326583B1 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2001-12-04 | Innerlogic, Inc. | Gas control system for a plasma arc torch |
US6498317B2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2002-12-24 | Innerlogic, Inc. | Process for operating a plasma arc torch |
US6677551B2 (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2004-01-13 | Innerlogic, Inc. | Process for operating a plasma arc torch |
US6841754B2 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2005-01-11 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Composite electrode for a plasma arc torch |
US20050258151A1 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2005-11-24 | The Esab Group, Inc. | Plasma arc torch |
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US9662747B2 (en) | 2006-09-13 | 2017-05-30 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Composite consumables for a plasma arc torch |
US9699879B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2017-07-04 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | Apparatus and method for sintering proppants |
US9761413B2 (en) | 2007-10-16 | 2017-09-12 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | High temperature electrolysis glow discharge device |
US9949356B2 (en) | 2012-07-11 | 2018-04-17 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Electrode for a plasma arc cutting torch |
US10098217B2 (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2018-10-09 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Composite consumables for a plasma arc torch |
US10194516B2 (en) | 2006-09-13 | 2019-01-29 | Hypertherm, Inc. | High access consumables for a plasma arc cutting system |
US10244614B2 (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2019-03-26 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | System, method and apparatus for plasma arc welding ceramics and sapphire |
US10267106B2 (en) | 2007-10-16 | 2019-04-23 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | System, method and apparatus for treating mining byproducts |
US10368557B2 (en) | 2001-07-16 | 2019-08-06 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | Apparatus for treating a substance with wave energy from an electrical arc and a second source |
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Cited By (75)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4052632A (en) * | 1972-09-04 | 1977-10-04 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of underwater welding |
US4087670A (en) * | 1973-06-26 | 1978-05-02 | Lukens Steel Corp. | Process for suppression of noise and fumes generated by plasma-arc cutting operation |
US4300033A (en) * | 1979-06-14 | 1981-11-10 | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute | Reduced operating noise nozzle for electric arc cutting device |
US4382170A (en) * | 1980-08-30 | 1983-05-03 | Trumpf Gmbh & Co. | Thermal cutting jet device with suction apparatus |
US4554431A (en) * | 1984-06-04 | 1985-11-19 | Deere & Company | Water shield ring for plasma arc cutting torch |
US4816637A (en) * | 1985-11-25 | 1989-03-28 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Underwater and above-water plasma arc cutting torch and method |
US4791268A (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1988-12-13 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Arc plasma torch and method using contact starting |
US4902871A (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1990-02-20 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Apparatus and process for cooling a plasma arc electrode |
US5396043A (en) * | 1988-06-07 | 1995-03-07 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Plasma arc cutting process and apparatus using an oxygen-rich gas shield |
US5164568A (en) * | 1989-10-20 | 1992-11-17 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Nozzle for a plasma arc torch having an angled inner surface to facilitate and control arc ignition |
US5166494A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1992-11-24 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Process and apparatus for reducing electrode wear in a plasma arc torch |
US5170033A (en) * | 1990-04-24 | 1992-12-08 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Swirl ring and flow control process for a plasma arc torch |
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