US3862847A

US3862847A - Method for Drawing

Info

Publication number: US3862847A
Application number: US342505A
Authority: US
Inventors: Judah Newberger
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1971-06-04
Filing date: 1973-03-19
Publication date: 1975-01-28
Anticipated expiration: 1992-01-28

Abstract

A method of drawing an original image by the selective controllable removal of a removable coating capable of producing intermediate half-tones of a starting shade for the coating by such controllable removal. The coating has a starting shade which contrasts with the shade of the underlying layer, which may be the sheet itself, and is partially removable, such as by partial erasure such as for ink coating or controlled application of a solvent such as for an oil paint coating to produce intermediate shades of the starting shade. More than one contrasting erasable or dissolvable coating layer may be provided in which instance selective erasing or dissolving of one or more of the coating layers, either wholly or partially, may be utilized to draw the original image.

Description

United States Patent [191 Newberger METHOD FOR DRAWING [76] Inventor: Judah Newberger, 149 S. Broadway,

White Plains, N.Y. 10605 [22] Filed: Mar. 19, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 342,505

Related U.S. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 149,899, June 4,

1971, Pat. NO. 3,730,751.

[52] U.S. Cl 117/8, 35/66, 117/11, 117/37, 117/45, 117/63, 117/76 P, 156/3,

156/7 [51] Int. Cl. B44c 1/22, 844d l/54 [58] Field of Search 156/2, 3, 7, ll, 8; 35/66; 161/413; 117/37, 45, 76, 8, 63, 76 F, 76 P, 11; 96/36 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,884,068 10/1932 Mendel 161/413 X 2,051,603 8/1936 Hruska 156/2 U X 1 Jan. 28, 1975 Primary Examiner-William A. Powell Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Hubbell, Cohen & Stiefel [57] ABSTRACT A method of drawing an original image by the selective controllable removal of a removable coating capable of producing intermediate half-tones of a starting shade for the coating by such controllable removal. The coating has a starting shade which contrasts with the shade of the underlying layer, which may be the sheet itself, and is partially removable, such as by partial erasure such as for ink coating or controlled appli cation of a solvent such as for an oil paint coating to produce intermediate shades of the starting shade. More than one contrasting erasable or dissolvable coating layer may be provided in which instance selective erasing or dissolving of one or more of the coating layers, either wholly or partially, may be utilized to draw the original image.

7 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures ,V/////A fl 1 METHOD FOR DRAWING CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of drawing an original image by the selective controllable removal of a removal coating capable of producing intermediate half-tones of a starting shade.

2. Description of the Prior Art Traditionally, drawing has been basically a process of putting dark lines on a light or white background. The surface to be drawn upon is usually white, or lighter than the drawing medium, and one, in effect, darkens this light surface with various media such as charcoal, graphite, ink, etc. Other prior art techniques have involved the use of a negative made by applying printers ink to a backing member and then the selective removal of portions of the ink to form letters or the like by mechanically cutting openings through a waxy coating which has been treated so as to be opaque and which is carried by a transparent backing. However, in such a selective removal technique, there is no provision for partial removal of the printers ink so as obtain intermediate shades, or half tones, of the starting shade of the printers ink. This does not permit varying effects but rather only permits a black or white composition of the image to be created.

Still other prior art techniques have utilized a multilayer sheet containing a concealed picture which is exposed by rubbing away the concealing layer, or the use of a coating layer which is totally dissolvable to reveal the underlying concealed picture. However, in these prior art techniques, an original image is not drawn but rather only a concealed previously created picture is ultimately revealed.

Still another prior art technique utilizes a stiff white cardboard which is coated with India ink and a metal stylus which is employed to make a drawing by removing portions of the ink with the stylus so as to reveal corresponding portions of white therebeneath. However, this technique is essentially an' engraving technique and, once again, is not capable of producing intermediate shades of the starting shade of the ink.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An original image is drawn on a multilayer sheet of drawing material having a removable coating substantially over the entire drawing area, by the selective controllable removal of the coating, such as by selective erasing of the coating, such as ink, or selective dissolving of the coating, such as oil paint. The coating has a starting shade which contrasts with the shade of the underlying layer and which is partially removable to produce intermediate shades of the starting shade either by applying a partial pressure to the coating with an eraser in the case of an erasable coating or by progressively partially dissolving the coating by controlled application of a controllable quantity of its correspond ing solvent in the case of a dissolvable coating. Such partial pressure is less than the total pressure required to erase substantially the entire coating at the place of pressure application. Similarly, such partial dissolving quantity is less than the total amount of solvent required to remove substantially the entire coating at the place of solvent application. More than one contrasting erasable or dissolvable coating layer may be provided in which instance selective erasing or dissolving of one or more of the coating layers, either wholly or partially, may be accomplished so as to draw the original image. By partially erasing or partially dissolving the various coatings, shading may be introduced into the original image. A comprehensive range of varying effects may thereby be produced by varying the pressure applied by the eraser to the coated drawing :sheet or the quantity of solvent applied thereto, such as by a brush, as well as by utilizing drawing sheets having a plurality of contrasting erasable or dissolvable coating layers. When utilizing multilayer drawing sheets, if the image to be drawn is essentially light in color, then the outermost coating is preferably chosen to be light, and if the image to be drawn is essentially dark in color, then the outermost contrasting layer is preferably chosen to be dark.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of an exemplary drawing sheet utilized in performing the preferred method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of another exemplary drawing sheet which can be utilized in performing the preferred method of the present invention; and

FIG. 3 is an illustrative example of a drawing made in accordance with the preferred method of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to the drawings in detail and especially to FIG. 1 thereof. In drawing an original image in accordance with the preferred method of the present invention, preferably a sheet of drawing material having one or more layers of a removable coating is utilized. Such a sheet of drawing material is shown illustratively in FIG. 1 where the sheet, generally referred to by the reference numeral 10, has an underlying surface area 12 and a removable coating 14 which preferably overlies the entire surface area 12 upon which the original image is to be drawn. By way of example and not limitation, the surface area 12 portion of the sheet 10 may preferably be a smooth surfaced paper and the removable coating 14 may be an erasable coating consisting of a predetermined concentration of a darkening agent such as India Ink. If desired, various other grades and types of paper and various other removable coatings such as other erasable coating or, as will be described in greater detail hereinafter, dissolvable coatings, may

be utilized in practicing the method of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. However, for purposes of explanation, we shall initially describe the method of the present invention with reference to a smooth paper surface area 12 and the use of an erasable coating such as India Ink as the removable coating 14.

Preferably, the erasable coating 14, in this instance the ink, should be of a consistency that will allow an eraser to rub into it without resisting the eraser. In addition, the surface area 12, which is preferably paper, should generally not be soft enough to permit the eraser to rub deeply into the paper as this will reduce control over the various intermediate shades of the erasable coating that are producible in accordance with the preferred method of the present invention, as will be described in greater detail hereinafter. Preferably, the erasable coating, which in this instance is a predetermined concentration of India Ink, is uniformly distributed over the smooth paper surface 12. The smooth paper may be such as-smooth surface Aquabee Bristol paper. By way of illustration, if India Ink is utilized as the erasable coating, it may be utilized full strength, diluted 50 percent with distilled water and aqua ammonia, that is, .distilled water being one-half the volume of the ink being added to the volume of the ink; diluted at the rate of 100 percent; diluted at the rate of 150 percent, or any other desired concentration which still provides an erasable coating of a consistency which allows the eraser to rub into it.

In practicing the preferred method of the present invention, an eraser is utilized with the sheet of drawing material having an erasable coating, such as the material illustrated in FIG. 1. By the use of the term eraser it is meant to include any abrasion means such as, by way of example, rubber, steel wool or sandpaper, and is not meant to refer to only rubber. However, preferably rubber erasers are utilized in practicing the preferred method of the present invention, such as commercially available ink eraser sticks.

In practicing the preferred method of the present invention, the artist places a sheet of drawing material having an erasable coating thereon, such as the drawing material illustrated in FIG. 1, on a writing surface. The sheet preferably contains no predesigned hidden image thereon and is to be utilized for purposes of drawing an original image. The artist then takes an eraser and selectively erases the erasable coating so as to produce an original image in accordance with whatever pattern or design he wishes to draw. The original image is preferably drawn solely by use of this selective erasing. Various degreesof shading can be introduced into the original image by the artist by varying the amount of pressure applied by the eraser to the erasable coating 14. By applying a partial pressure, that is a pressure which is less than the total amount of pressure required to erase substantially the entire coating, at. a given point on the erasable coating as he is drawing the original image, an intermediate shade of the starting shade of the erasable coating 14 is' produced. As previously mentioned, the surface area 12 is preferably a contrasting shade with that of the erasable coating 14. By rubbing the eraser on the erasable coating 14 with varying degrees of pressure, various intermediate shades are produced. By starting shade, it is meant the unerased shade of the erasable coating.

By way of illustration in FIG. 1, the results of the application of varying degrees of partial pressure are shown. Assuming the starting shade of the erasable coating 14 to be darker than that of the surface area 12, the lower the degree of partial pressure applied in rubbing the eraser on the erasable coating 14, the darker that poriton of the original image so that illustrated area 16 would be darker in appearance than illustrated area 18 in FIG. 1. Similarly, if the erasablecoating 14 were lighter in starting shade than the surface area 12, then the lesser the degree of partial pressure applied by the eraser to the erasable coating 14, the lighter that portion of the original image. Therefore, by varying the amount of pressure applied by the eraser, various degrees of intermediate shading may be introduced into the original image. By way of illustration, FIG. 3 shows an original image drawn in accordance with the preferred method of the present invention. Assuming the erasable coating to be black and the surface area 12 to be white, the shaded area of FIG. 3 represents the black background area, the unshaded area represents substantially white portions or light grey portions of the image, and the cross-hatched area represent an intermediate shade of grey between the white and black areas.

In practicing the preferred method of the present invention, as was previously mentioned, a drawing sheet having any number of erasable coatings thereon may be utilized. Such a drawing sheet is shown by way of example in FIG. 2. Preferably, each of the erasable'coatings is of a contrasting starting shade and is a substantially uniform coating over the surface area 12. By way of example, the multilayer drawing sheet 10a shown in FIG. 2 has two

erasable coatings

14a and 20 thereon. In the example shown in FIG. 2, two portions of the original image have been reproduced by applying varying degrees of partial pressure; a small amount of partial pressure having been applied to point 22 so as to only partially erase a portion of the uppermost erasable coating 20, and a greater degree of partial pressure having been applied to point 24 so as to totally erase the uppermost erasable coating 20 and partially erase the underlying erasable coating 14a of portion 24 of the original image. By utilizing such a multilayer drawing sheet a greater variety of shading for various portions of the original image may be introduced.

Now describing the method of the present invention, for purposes of explanation, with reference to the use of a surface area, such as artists white canvas board or Gesso painting panel for surface area 12 and the use of a dissolvable coating, such as black oil paint, such as Permanent Pigments ivory black artists oil color, as the removable coating 14.

Preferably, the surface area 12 should generally be resistant to the solvent utilized so as to prevent any partial dissolving thereof when the solvent is applied to partially dissolve at least a portion of the dissolvable coating 14. The dissolvable coating 14, to which the solvent utilized corresponds, is preferably uniformly. distributed over the canvas board surface 12. By way of example, if black oil paint is utilized as the dissolvable coating 14, it may consist of charred animal bone in a vehicle of pure refined linseed oil, and the solvent utilized therefor in the selective controllable partial dissolving of this coating 14 may be, by way of example, artists quality gum spirits turpentine. Preferably, the dissolvable coating 14, such as the oil paint, is applied to the canvas board surface 12 in a thin layer, the desired range of half tones through partial dissolving thereof may be utilized, and permitted to dry before selectively applying the solvent therefor so as to partially remove at least a portion of the dissolvable coating 14 and produce an intermediate half-tone of the starting shade for the coating 14. By starting shades it is meant the undissolved shade of the dissolvable coating 34.

In practicing the preferred method of the present invention wherein the removable coating 14 is a dissolvable coating, the artist places a sheet of drawing material having a dissolvable coating thereon on a writing surface. The sheet preferably contains no predesigned hidden image thereon and is to be utilized for purposes of drawing an original image. The artist then takes a solvent for the particular dissolvable coating 14- being utilized and successively applies it to the dissolvable coating 14, such as with a-brush, to progressively reduce the dissolvable coating 1 at given points of application by the solvency thereof in the selected solvent so as to provide an original image in accordance with whatever pattern or design he wishes to draw by the controlled application of the solvent. The original image is preferably drawn solely by the use of this selective controllable application of a solvent although, if desired, if the coating 14 is also erasable as well as dissolvable, it may be drawn by a combination of both selective erasure, as described above, and selective controlled application of a solvent. Various degrees of shading can be introduced into the original image by the artist by varying the quantity or concentration of solvent selectively applied by the applicator therefor, such as a brush, to the dissolvable coating 14. By progressively partially dissolving the dissolvable coating 14 by selectively controllably applying less than the total quantity of solvent required to dissolve substantially the entire coating, at a given point on the dissolvable coating as he is drawing the original image, an intermediate shade of the starting shade of the dissolvable coating 14 is produced. Thus, the intermediate shades or half-tones are produced in accordance with the progressive reduction of the dissolvable coating by its solvency in relation to the corresponding solvent therefor which is being selectively applied thereto.

Preferably the surface area 12, as was previously mentioned, is a contrasting shade with that of the dissolvable coating 14. Assuming the starting shade of the dissolvable coating 14 tobe darker than that of the surface area 12, the greater the quantity or concentration of solvent progressively applied to the coating 14 layer the lighter that portion of the original image and vice versus. The reverse is true if the starting shade of the coating 14 were lighter than that of the surface area 12. The illustration of FIG. 3 previously referred to in describing the use of an erasable coating is equally applicable for drawing an original image with the use of a dissolvable coating in the manner described above.

In practicing the preferred method of the present invention, a drawing sheet having any number of dissolvable coatings thereon may be utilized, each of the coatings preferably being of a contrasting starting shade and being a substantially uniform coating over the surface area 12. In such an instance, the solvent utilized is preferably a solvent for each of the coatings.

I should be noted that any dissolvable coating may be utilized which may be progressively dissolved by the selective application of a corresponding solvent therefor, and any corresponding solvent may be utilized depending on the chemical composition of the coating 14, such as organic solvents, such as aromatics, such as benzene, toluene, napthalene and the like; carbon tetrachloride; alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol; keytones such as acetone, etc., as well as solvent mixtures, such as turpentine.

In addition, if desired, after the original image has been drawn by either the selective erasing of the erasable coating or coatings or the selective dissolving of the dissolvable coating or coatings, the drawing may be colored with a transparent media such as transparent drawing inlt. Furthermore, the method of the present invention is equally applicable to drawing sheets which have erasable or dissolvable coatings thereon which are other shades or colors than black or white, such as a given starting shade of red or blue or some other color in the spectrum, as long as the dissolvable or erasable coating or coatings are contrasting shades with respect to each other and the surface area of the drawing sheet. In such an instance, more varied effects than are obtainable with mere black and white dissolvable or erasable coatings can be obtained.

Preferably, when practicing the method of the present invention, if the original image to be drawn will contain mostly white areas, then the artist should use a sheet of material having an uppermost dissolvable or erasable coating layer which is light in color, such as white. On the other hand, if the original image to be drawn will contain mostly dark areas, such as shadows, then the artist should use a sheet of drawing material having an uppermost dissolvable or erasable coating.

layer which is dark.

In summarizing the method of the present invention, an original image is drawn on a sheet of drawing material having at least one dissolvable or erasable coating covering the surface area of the sheet by the selective erasing of the erasable coating from the sheet or by the selective dissolving of the dissolvable coating. The coating may be partially erased or dissolved to produce intermediate shades of the starting shade of the coating either by varying the amount of pressure applied by the eraser on the erasable coating or by varying the quantity or intensity of solvent applied to the dissolvable coating. As used throughout the specification and claims the term solvent is meant to include solvent mixtures such as turpentine.

It is to be understood that the above described embodiments of the invention are merely illustrative of the principles thereof and that numerous modifications and embodiments of the invention may be derived within the spirit and scope thereof, such as combining the method of selective erasing of the coating or selective dissolving thereof with engraving techniques for a portion of the image in which a stylus is employed to remove portions of the coating by scratching, so as to provide additional effects in the drawing, such drawing being substantially made by the method of selective erasing of the erasable coating or selective dissolving of the dissolvable coating.

What is claimed is:

1. A method of drawing an original image comprising the steps of:

providing a sheet having a surface area upon which said original image is to be drawn, said surface area having a dissolvable coating covering substantially all of said surface area, said :surface area having a given shade, said coating having a starting shade which contrasts with the shade of said surface area; and selectively dissolving said coating with a corresponding solvent therefor to produce said original image, said original image being drawn substantially by said selective dissolving, at least a portion of said original image being produced by partially dissolving at least a portion of said coating in a given area by progressively increasing the solvency thereof in said solvent to produce true half-tones of said starting shade in said given area, whereby an original image capable of having a full range of true half-tones of said starting shade can be produced.

2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said dissolving step includes the further step of progressively applying a predetermined quantity of said solvent having a predetermined solubility with respect to said coating to progressively reduce said coating by its solvency in relation to said solvent for producing said true half-tones of said starting shade.

3. A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein said applying step includes the further step of successively brushing said solvent on said coating to progressively reduce said coating for producing said true half-tones of said starting shade.

4. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said providing step comprises providing a sheet with said surface area having at least a first uppermost coating layer and a second coating layer underlying said first layer, at least said uppermost coating layer being a dissolvable coating, said first and second layers having contrasting starting shades, said sheet being a backing layer for said coating layers.

5. A method in accordance with claim 4 wherein said providing step comprises providing said surface area wherein said first and second coating layers are dissolvable, and said selective dissolving step comprises producing at least a portion of said original image by substantially dissolving at least a portion of said uppermost coating layer and partially dissolving at least a portion of said underlying coating layer starting shade.

6. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said providing step comprises providing a dissolvable oil paint coating for said surface area and said selective dissolving step comprises selectively dissolving said oil paint coating by progressively increasing the solvency thereof in turpentine.

7. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said dissolving step includes the further step of progressively applying a predetermined concentration of said solvent having a predetermined solubility with respect to said coating to progressively reduce said coating by its solvency in relation to said solvent for producing said true half-tones of said starting shade.

Claims

1. A METHOD OF DRAWING AN ORIGINAL IMAGE COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: PROVIDING A SHEET HAVING A SURFACE AREA UPON WHICH SAID ORIGINAL IMAGE IS TO BE DRAWN, SAID SURFACE AREA HAVING A DISSOLVABLE COATING COVERING SUBSTANTIALLY ALL OF SAID SURFACE AREA, SAID SURFACE AREA HAVING A GIVEN SHADE, SAID COATING HAVING A STARTING SHADE WHICH CONTRASTS WITH THE SHADE OF SAID SURFACE AREA; AND SELECTIVELY DISSOLVING SAID COATING WITH A CORRESPONDING SOLVENT THEREFOR TO PRODUCE SAID ORIGINAL, SAID ORIGINAL, IMAGE BEING DRAWN, SUBSTANTIALLY BY SAID SELECTIVE DISSOLVING, AT LEAST A PORTION OF SAID ORIGINAL IMAGE BEING PRODUCED BY PARTIALLY DISSOLVING AT LEAST A PORTION OF SAID COATING IN A GIVEN AREA BY PROGRESSIVELY INCREASING THE SOLVENCY THEREOF IN SAID SOLVENT TO PRODUCE TRUE HALF-TONES OF SAID STARTING SHADE IN SAID GIVEN AREA, WHEREBY AN ORIGINAL IMAGE CAPABLE OF HAVING A FULL RANGE OF TRUE HALF-TONES OF SAID STARTING SHADE CAN BE PRODUCED.