US3862907A - Method for rapidly mixing different kinds of gas - Google Patents
Method for rapidly mixing different kinds of gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3862907A US3862907A US316012A US31601272A US3862907A US 3862907 A US3862907 A US 3862907A US 316012 A US316012 A US 316012A US 31601272 A US31601272 A US 31601272A US 3862907 A US3862907 A US 3862907A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- mixing chamber
- inlet pipe
- gas inlet
- mixing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J12/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/2405—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside provoking a turbulent flow of the reactants, such as in cyclones, or having a high Reynolds-number
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S423/00—Chemistry of inorganic compounds
- Y10S423/07—Isotope separation
Definitions
- Frishaul' [571 ABSTRAT A method for rapidly mixing two kinds of gas which comprises introducing one kind of gas having a higher density than the other kind of gas into the upper part of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber through an upper gas inlet pipe communicating with a hole bored in the mixing chamber in a tangential direction, and simultaneously introducing the other kind 01 gas into the lower part of said gas mixing chamber through another gas inlet pipe communicating with a hole formed in the mixing chamber and disposed in the opposite tangential direction to that in which said upper gas is swirled in the gas mixing chamber, wherein the vertical distance between the two gas inlet pipes is 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of the upper gas inlet pipe, the lower gas enters the mixing chamber at a linear velocity 1.15 to 20.0 times that of the upper gas, and the upper gas has a vortical flow at a swirling linear velocity 1.0 to 3.5 times the vertical velocity at which said gas is gradually brought downward while spirally flowmg.
- FIG. 3 Ciaims, 8 Drawing Figures PATENTEDJANZ 81975 SHEET 1 BF 2 F IG. (PRIOR ART) FIG. 3
- This invention relates to a method for mixing different kinds of gas, and more particularly to a method for rapidly mixing different kinds of gas to promote reaction therebetween.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 in order to carry out mixing with higher efficiency.
- one kind of gas 3 into a cylindrical mixing chamber 1 through a vertical gas inlet pipe 2 communicating with a hole bored at the top center of said chamber 1 to be dispersed therein, whereas the other kind of gas is brought into the chamber 1 through a tangential gas inlet pipe 4 communicating with a hole formed in the upper periphery of the cylindrical mixing chamber 1 for a vortical flow.
- the gas mixture 8 in the chamber 1 is drawn off through a vertical gas outlet pipe 7 communicating with the bottom opening of a funnel section 6 integrally fitted to the underside of the mixing chamber 1.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method for attaining the rapid homogeneous mixing of different kinds of gas widely varying in temperature or density.
- the method of this invention for rapidly mixing different kinds of gas which comprises introducing one kind of gas having a higher density than another kind of gas into the upper part of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber through an upper gas inlet pipe communicating with a hole bored in said chamber in a tangential direction; and simultaneously conducting another kind of gas into the lower part of said chamber through another lower gas inlet pipe communicating with a hole formed in said mixing chamber and disposed in a tangential and opposite gas swirling direction to that of the gas introduced in the chamber through the upper gas inlet pipe,.
- the vertical distance between the two gas inlet pipes is from 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of the upper gas inlet pipe;
- the lighter gas is conducted through the lower gas inlet pipe at a linear velocity 1.15 to 20.0 times that at which the denser gas is brought into the mixing chamber through the upper'gas inlet pipe; and the densergas supplied to the mixing chamber through the upper inlet pipe makes a vortical flow at a swirling linear velocity 1.0 to 3.5 times the vertical
- FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber of the prior art
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is an elevational viewof a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is an elevational view of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber according to another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG. 5:
- FIG. 7 is an elevational view of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber according to still another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view of FIG. 7..
- the prior art cyclone-type gas mixing chamber illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 presents difficulties in effecting the easy homogeneous mixing of two kinds of gas.
- the gas mixing chamber according to the method of this invention is characterized in that two gas inlet pipes are fitted to the upper and lower parts of the periphery of a gas mixing chamber in opposite tangential directions so as to cause the two kinds of gas brought into the mixing chamber to flow vortically in opposite directions.
- the vertical distance between both gas inlet pipes be 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of the upper inlet pipe, and that the denser gas be carried through the upper pipe.
- the lighter gas should be carried through the lower gas inlet pipe at a velocity 1.15 to 20.0 times that at which the denser gas is conducted through the upper gas inlet pipe, and further said denser gas should make a vortical flow in the mixing chamber at a swirling linear velocity 1 .0 to 3.5 times the vertical linear velocity at which said gas is gradually brought downward while spirally flowing.
- the ratio of the vortical linear velocity of the denser gas to its descending velocity is generally referred to as the swirl ratio.
- Both sides of a cylindrical gas mixing chamber 11 are fitted with an upper gas inlet pipe 12 and a lower gas inlet pipe 14 disposed in parallel and in opposite tangential directions, with the vertical distance between both pipes 12 and I4 chosen to be 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of the upper gas inlet pipe 12.
- the denser gas 13 is gradually brought downward while making a vortical flow along the inner wall of the mixing chamber 11.
- the lighter gas 15 conducted into the gas mixing chamber 11 through the lower inlet pipe 14 makes an opposite vortical flow to the denser gas 13 and vigorously strikes against said denser gas 13 descending from above while spirally flowing, thus effecting rapid mixing.
- the two gas inlet pipes 12 and 14 are fitted to the mixing chamber III in opposite tangential directions.
- the two horizontal gas inlet pipes may define any desired angle. This condition is exemplified in FIGS. 5 and 6. Namely, the two horizontal gas inlet pipes 22 and24 are fitted to the same side of the gas mixing chamber in the same vertical plane and in opposite tangential directions, defining an angle of 180.
- the densest kind of gas is introduced into the mixing chamber through the upper inlet pipe, and the remaining lighter kinds of gas may be conducted into the mixing chamber through a lower inlet pipe system consisting of a plurality of component pipes which are fitted to the mixing chamber in the same level and in such tangential direction as causes the lighter kinds of gas carried therethrough to make an opposite vortical'flow to the descent kinds of gas.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show a gas mixing chamber for mixing five kinds of gas.
- the densest kind of gas is carried into the mixing chamber through an upper gas inlet pipe 32.
- the other four lighter kinds of gas are brought into the mixing chamber through lower gas-inlet pipes 34a, 34b, 34c and34d respectively so as to make an opposite vortical flow to the densest kind of gas taken into the mixing chamber through the upper inlet pipe 32.
- the gas mixing chamber of FIGS. 7 and 8 provided with a plurality of gas inlet pipes is not only adapted to mix several kinds of gas, but also has the advantage of facilitating the quick mixing of two kinds of gas widely varying in density which has heretofore been considered appreciably difficult, by introducing the lighter gas into the mixing chamber uniformly through a plurality of lower gas inlet pipes.
- the method of the invention not only attains the rapid mixing of two or more kinds of gas independently of their temperature, but also quickly completes the chemical reactions which would accompany said mixing in a mixing chamber having even a small capacity.
- both kinds of gas quickly react with each other, decreasing the content of free carbon and increasing that of CO in the produced gas. lmperfect mixing of both kinds of gas would cause unreacted CH and CO to remain in the gas mixture, probably giving rise to larger carbon loss in attaining the reducing effect for blast furnace operation.
- the denser blast furnace gas was taken into a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber through the upper gas inlet pipe 22 and the lighter coke oven gas into said mixing chamber through the lower inlet 5 pipe 24.
- the blast furnace gas had a density 2.75 times that of the coke oven gas.
- the value ofswirl ratio of the introduced denser gas was 1.8.
- Table 1 below presents the compositions of gas mixtures obtained from the mixing chamber by varying the ratio of the velocity Vc at which the coke oven gas was ejected from the lower inlet pipe 24 to the velocity Vb at which the blast furnace gas was supplied from the upper inlet pipe 22.
- Table 1 Composition of gas mixture obtained from the gas mixing chamber by volume) Value of Vc/Vb
- Vc/Vb Composition of gas mixture obtained from the gas mixing chamber by volume
- Value of Vc/Vb As clearly seen from Table 1 above, where the value of Vc/Vb was 1.0, mixing was carried out insufficiently, leaving a large amount of CH, and CO and where said value was larger than 12, content of CH,and CO prominently decreased.
- the value of Vc/Vb reached 2.0, mixing and reaction were fully effected, substantially eliminating CH and CO
- the blast furnace gas and the coke oven gas were mixed in the present mixing apparatus by varying the swirl ratio in the range of from 0.8 to 3.8 with the value of the aforesaid Vc to Vb ratio kept at 1.5, the compositions of the resulting gas mixtures are presented in Table 2 below.
- a method for rapidly mixing at least two different kinds of gases which comprises introducing a first gas into the upper part of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber having a longitudinal axis through an upper gas inlet pipe disposed in a tangential direction to the periphery of said chamber; and simultaneously introducing a second gas having a lower density than said first gas into the lower part of said mixing chamber through a lower gas inlet pipe disposed in a tangential direction to said periphery and in an opposite gas swirling direction to that of said first gas, both gases swirling vortically about said longitudinal axis, the vertical distance between said gas inlets being from 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of said upper gas inlet pipe; said second gas entering said mixing chamber at a linear velocity 1.15 to 20.0 times that at which said first gas enters said mixing chamber; said first gas supplied to the mixing chamber through the upper gas inlet pipe having a vortical flow at a swirling linear velocity 1.0 to 3.5 times the vertical velocity at which said gas is gradually brought downward while spirally flowing; whereby said
- a method for rapidly mixing and reacting blast furnace gas with coke oven gas which comprises introducing blast furnace gas into the upper part of a cyclonetype gas mixing chamber having a longitudinal axis through an upper gas inlet pipe in a tangential direction to the periphery of said chamber; and simultaneously introducing coke oven gas into the lower part of said mixing chamber through a lower gas inlet pipe disposed in a tangential direction to said periphery and in an opposite gas swirling direction to that of said blast furnace gas; both gases swirling vortically about said longitudinal axis; the vertical distance between both gas inlet pipes being from 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of said upper gas inlet pipe; the coke oven gas entering said mixing chamber at a linear veloctiy l.l5 to 20.0 times that at which said blast furnace gas enters said mixing chamber; said blast furnace gas entering said mixing chamber to cause vortical flow at a swirling linear velocity 1.0 to 3.5 times the vertical velocity at which said gas is gradually brought downward while spirally flowing, whereby said gases are mixed.
Abstract
A method for rapidly mixing two kinds of gas which comprises introducing one kind of gas having a higher density than the other kind of gas into the upper part of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber through an upper gas inlet pipe communicating with a hole bored in the mixing chamber in a tangential direction, and simultaneously introducing the other kind of gas into the lower part of said gas mixing chamber through another gas inlet pipe communicating with a hole formed in the mixing chamber and disposed in the opposite tangential direction to that in which said upper gas is swirled in the gas mixing chamber, wherein the vertical distance between the two gas inlet pipes is 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of the upper gas inlet pipe, the lower gas enters the mixing chamber at a linear velocity 1.15 to 20.0 times that of the upper gas, and the upper gas has a vortical flow at a swirling linear velocity 1.0 to 3.5 times the vertical velocity at which said gas is gradually brought downward while spirally flowing.
Description
ilaited States Patent Shimotsuma' et a1.
1 1 Jan. 2a, 1975 METHOD FOR RAlPlDLY MlXlNG DlFlFERENT KINDS OF GAS [75] lnventors: Teruo Shimotsuma; Kazuo Sano;
Yutaka Fukuda, all of Yokohama, Japan Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokyo, Japan [22] Filed: Dec. 18, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 316,012
[73] Assignee:
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Dec. 22, 1971 Japan 46-104297 [52] 1U.S. C1. 252/188, 48/180 M, 261/79 A [51] int. Cl 1501f 3/02 [58] Field of Search 48/197 FM, 180 M, 180 R; 261/79 A; 137/3, 604; 252/372, 373
3.238.021 3/1966 Webher et a1. 261/79 A X Primary Examiner-S. Leon Bashorc Assistant Examiner-Alfred DAndrea. Jr.
Attorney, Agent, or FirmFlynn d1. Frishaul' [571 ABSTRAT A method for rapidly mixing two kinds of gas which comprises introducing one kind of gas having a higher density than the other kind of gas into the upper part of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber through an upper gas inlet pipe communicating with a hole bored in the mixing chamber in a tangential direction, and simultaneously introducing the other kind 01 gas into the lower part of said gas mixing chamber through another gas inlet pipe communicating with a hole formed in the mixing chamber and disposed in the opposite tangential direction to that in which said upper gas is swirled in the gas mixing chamber, wherein the vertical distance between the two gas inlet pipes is 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of the upper gas inlet pipe, the lower gas enters the mixing chamber at a linear velocity 1.15 to 20.0 times that of the upper gas, and the upper gas has a vortical flow at a swirling linear velocity 1.0 to 3.5 times the vertical velocity at which said gas is gradually brought downward while spirally flowmg.
2 Ciaims, 8 Drawing Figures PATENTEDJANZ 81975 SHEET 1 BF 2 F IG. (PRIOR ART) FIG. 3
FIG. 4
F I G. 2 (PRIOR ART) PATE JAN28|9 5 3,862,907
SHEET EM 2 FIG. 5- FIG. 7
RAPIDLY MIXING DIFFERENT KINDS OF GAS This invention relates to a method for mixing different kinds of gas, and more particularly to a method for rapidly mixing different kinds of gas to promote reaction therebetween.
Where two kinds of gas are mixed, there has heretofore been used a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 in order to carry out mixing with higher efficiency. As apparent from these figures, there is introduced one kind of gas 3 into a cylindrical mixing chamber 1 through a vertical gas inlet pipe 2 communicating with a hole bored at the top center of said chamber 1 to be dispersed therein, whereas the other kind of gas is brought into the chamber 1 through a tangential gas inlet pipe 4 communicating with a hole formed in the upper periphery of the cylindrical mixing chamber 1 for a vortical flow. The gas mixture 8 in the chamber 1 is drawn off through a vertical gas outlet pipe 7 communicating with the bottom opening of a funnel section 6 integrally fitted to the underside of the mixing chamber 1.
Even a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber of the above-mentioned construction fails to effect the rapid mixing of two kinds of gas. For uniform mixing, the mixing chamber 1 would have to be considerably elongated. Further, if the two kinds of gas widely vary in temperature or density, then there will generally be presented greater difficultiesin attaining homogeneous mixing.
It is accordingly an object of this invention to provide a method for rapidly mixing different kinds of gas by improving the prior art cyclone method, using a mixing chamber having even a small capacity.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method for attaining the rapid homogeneous mixing of different kinds of gas widely varying in temperature or density.
These objects can be attained by the method of this invention for rapidly mixing different kinds of gas, which comprises introducing one kind of gas having a higher density than another kind of gas into the upper part of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber through an upper gas inlet pipe communicating with a hole bored in said chamber in a tangential direction; and simultaneously conducting another kind of gas into the lower part of said chamber through another lower gas inlet pipe communicating with a hole formed in said mixing chamber and disposed in a tangential and opposite gas swirling direction to that of the gas introduced in the chamber through the upper gas inlet pipe,.wherein the vertical distance between the two gas inlet pipes is from 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of the upper gas inlet pipe; the lighter gas is conducted through the lower gas inlet pipe at a linear velocity 1.15 to 20.0 times that at which the denser gas is brought into the mixing chamber through the upper'gas inlet pipe; and the densergas supplied to the mixing chamber through the upper inlet pipe makes a vortical flow at a swirling linear velocity 1.0 to 3.5 times the vertical velocity at which said gas is gradually brought downward while spirally flowing.
Other important objects and advantageous features of this invention will be apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings, wherein, for the present purpose of illustration only, specific embodiments of this invention are set forth in detail.
In the drawings:
METHOD FOR FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an elevational viewof a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an elevational view of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber according to another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG. 5:
FIG. 7 is an elevational view of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber according to still another embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 8 is a plan view of FIG. 7..
As previously described, the prior art cyclone-type gas mixing chamber illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 presents difficulties in effecting the easy homogeneous mixing of two kinds of gas. Unlike FllGS. I and 2, the gas mixing chamber according to the method of this invention is characterized in that two gas inlet pipes are fitted to the upper and lower parts of the periphery of a gas mixing chamber in opposite tangential directions so as to cause the two kinds of gas brought into the mixing chamber to flow vortically in opposite directions. In this case, it is required that the vertical distance between both gas inlet pipes be 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of the upper inlet pipe, and that the denser gas be carried through the upper pipe. If the distance between both inlet pipes departs from the above-mentioned range or the lighter gas is ejected into the chamber through the upper inlet pipe, then the desired object will not be obtained. Further, it has been experimentally found that thefollowing two conditions should be fully met. Namely, the lighter gas should be carried through the lower gas inlet pipe at a velocity 1.15 to 20.0 times that at which the denser gas is conducted through the upper gas inlet pipe, and further said denser gas should make a vortical flow in the mixing chamber at a swirling linear velocity 1 .0 to 3.5 times the vertical linear velocity at which said gas is gradually brought downward while spirally flowing. (The ratio of the vortical linear velocity of the denser gas to its descending velocity is generally referred to as the swirl ratio.) Unless these two conditions are fully satisfied, the two kinds of gas could not be homogeneously mixed.
There will now be described the operation of the cyclone-type mixing chamber of this invention shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 with all the aforesaid conditions fully met. Both sides of a cylindrical gas mixing chamber 11 are fitted with an upper gas inlet pipe 12 and a lower gas inlet pipe 14 disposed in parallel and in opposite tangential directions, with the vertical distance between both pipes 12 and I4 chosen to be 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of the upper gas inlet pipe 12. when introduced into the gas mixing chamber 11 through the upper inlet pipe 12, the denser gas 13 is gradually brought downward while making a vortical flow along the inner wall of the mixing chamber 11. On the other hand, the lighter gas 15 conducted into the gas mixing chamber 11 through the lower inlet pipe 14 makes an opposite vortical flow to the denser gas 13 and vigorously strikes against said denser gas 13 descending from above while spirally flowing, thus effecting rapid mixing.
In FIGS. 3 and 4, the two gas inlet pipes 12 and 14 are fitted to the mixing chamber III in opposite tangential directions. However, provided the two kinds of gas broughti'nto the mixing chamber 11 flow vortically in opposite directions, the two horizontal gas inlet pipes may define any desired angle. This condition is exemplified in FIGS. 5 and 6. Namely, the two horizontal gas inlet pipes 22 and24 are fitted to the same side of the gas mixing chamber in the same vertical plane and in opposite tangential directions, defining an angle of 180. Where there are rapidly mixed three or more kinds of gas, the densest kind of gas is introduced into the mixing chamber through the upper inlet pipe, and the remaining lighter kinds of gas may be conducted into the mixing chamber through a lower inlet pipe system consisting of a plurality of component pipes which are fitted to the mixing chamber in the same level and in such tangential direction as causes the lighter kinds of gas carried therethrough to make an opposite vortical'flow to the descent kinds of gas.
FIGS. 7 and 8 show a gas mixing chamber for mixing five kinds of gas. The densest kind of gas is carried into the mixing chamber through an upper gas inlet pipe 32. The other four lighter kinds of gas are brought into the mixing chamber through lower gas- inlet pipes 34a, 34b, 34c and34d respectively so as to make an opposite vortical flow to the densest kind of gas taken into the mixing chamber through the upper inlet pipe 32. In this case, too, the previously mentioned conditions should be followed, excepting that said four lighter kinds of gas introduced into the mixing chamber through the lowerinlet pipes 34a, 34b, 34c and 34d should make a vortical flow at a mean velocity 1.15 to 20.0 times that at which the densest kind of gas brought into the mixing chamber through the upper inlet pipe 32 makes an opposite vortical flow. This modified process attains the rapid mixing of several kinds of gas.
The gas mixing chamber of FIGS. 7 and 8 provided with a plurality of gas inlet pipes is not only adapted to mix several kinds of gas, but also has the advantage of facilitating the quick mixing of two kinds of gas widely varying in density which has heretofore been considered appreciably difficult, by introducing the lighter gas into the mixing chamber uniformly through a plurality of lower gas inlet pipes.
The method of the invention not only attains the rapid mixing of two or more kinds of gas independently of their temperature, but also quickly completes the chemical reactions which would accompany said mixing in a mixing chamber having even a small capacity.
There will now be described, for example, the case where there is prepared reducing gas used in the operation of'a blast furnace by mixing blast furnace gas at a temperature of 1250C with coke oven gas at 700C.
Mixing of both kinds of gas gives rise to the following reactions:
When mixed by the method of this invention, both kinds of gas quickly react with each other, decreasing the content of free carbon and increasing that of CO in the produced gas. lmperfect mixing of both kinds of gas would cause unreacted CH and CO to remain in the gas mixture, probably giving rise to larger carbon loss in attaining the reducing effect for blast furnace operation.
The above-mentioned two kinds of gas were mixed in a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber shown in FIGS. 5
and 6. ln this case, the denser blast furnace gas was taken into a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber through the upper gas inlet pipe 22 and the lighter coke oven gas into said mixing chamber through the lower inlet 5 pipe 24. The blast furnace gas had a density 2.75 times that of the coke oven gas. The value ofswirl ratio of the introduced denser gas was 1.8. Table 1 below presents the compositions of gas mixtures obtained from the mixing chamber by varying the ratio of the velocity Vc at which the coke oven gas was ejected from the lower inlet pipe 24 to the velocity Vb at which the blast furnace gas was supplied from the upper inlet pipe 22.
Table 1 Composition of gas mixture obtained from the gas mixing chamber by volume) Value of Vc/Vb As clearly seen from Table 1 above, where the value of Vc/Vb was 1.0, mixing was carried out insufficiently, leaving a large amount of CH, and CO and where said value was larger than 12, content of CH,and CO prominently decreased. When the value of Vc/Vb reached 2.0, mixing and reaction were fully effected, substantially eliminating CH and CO Further, the blast furnace gas and the coke oven gas were mixed in the present mixing apparatus by varying the swirl ratio in the range of from 0.8 to 3.8 with the value of the aforesaid Vc to Vb ratio kept at 1.5, the compositions of the resulting gas mixtures are presented in Table 2 below.
Table 2 Composition of gas mixture obtained from the mixing chamber by volume) Value of swirl ratio As apparent from Table 2 above, where the value of swirl ratio was smaller than 1.0, the content of CH, and CO in the gas mixture noticeably increased. Where the value of swirl ratio was in the range of from 1.0 to 3.5, there was almost no CH. and CO and when the value exceeding 3.5, the content ofCl-l, rather tended to rise.
What we claim is:
1. A method for rapidly mixing at least two different kinds of gases which comprises introducing a first gas into the upper part of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber having a longitudinal axis through an upper gas inlet pipe disposed in a tangential direction to the periphery of said chamber; and simultaneously introducing a second gas having a lower density than said first gas into the lower part of said mixing chamber through a lower gas inlet pipe disposed in a tangential direction to said periphery and in an opposite gas swirling direction to that of said first gas, both gases swirling vortically about said longitudinal axis, the vertical distance between said gas inlets being from 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of said upper gas inlet pipe; said second gas entering said mixing chamber at a linear velocity 1.15 to 20.0 times that at which said first gas enters said mixing chamber; said first gas supplied to the mixing chamber through the upper gas inlet pipe having a vortical flow at a swirling linear velocity 1.0 to 3.5 times the vertical velocity at which said gas is gradually brought downward while spirally flowing; whereby said gases are mixed, and withdrawing said mixed gas through an outlet positioned in said mixing chamber below said lower gas inlet pipe.
2. A method for rapidly mixing and reacting blast furnace gas with coke oven gas which comprises introducing blast furnace gas into the upper part of a cyclonetype gas mixing chamber having a longitudinal axis through an upper gas inlet pipe in a tangential direction to the periphery of said chamber; and simultaneously introducing coke oven gas into the lower part of said mixing chamber through a lower gas inlet pipe disposed in a tangential direction to said periphery and in an opposite gas swirling direction to that of said blast furnace gas; both gases swirling vortically about said longitudinal axis; the vertical distance between both gas inlet pipes being from 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of said upper gas inlet pipe; the coke oven gas entering said mixing chamber at a linear veloctiy l.l5 to 20.0 times that at which said blast furnace gas enters said mixing chamber; said blast furnace gas entering said mixing chamber to cause vortical flow at a swirling linear velocity 1.0 to 3.5 times the vertical velocity at which said gas is gradually brought downward while spirally flowing, whereby said gases are mixed. and withdrawing said mixed gas through an outlet positioned in said mixing chamber below said lower gas inlet pipe.
Claims (2)
1. A METHOD FOR RAPIDLY MIXING AT LEAST TWO DIFFERENT KINDS OF GASES WHICH COMPRISES INTRODUCING A FIRST GAS INTO THE UPPER PART OF A CYCLONE-TYPE GAS MIXING CHAMBER HAVING A LONGITUDINAL AXIS THROUGH AN UPPER GAS INLET PIPE DISPOSED IN A TANGENTIAL DIRECTION TO THE PERIPHERY OF SAID CHAMBER; AND SIMULTANEOUSLY INTRODUCING A SECOND GAS HAVING A LOWER DENSITY THAN SAID FIRST GAS INTO THE LOWER PART OF SAID MIXING CHAMBER THROUGH A LOWER GAS INLET PIPE DISPOSED IN A TANGENTIAL DIRECTION TO SAID PERIPHERY AND IN AN OPPOSITE GAS SWIRLING DIRECTION TO THAT OF SAID FIRST GAS, BOTH GASES SWIRLING VORTICALLY ABOUT SAID LONGITUDINAL AXIS, THE VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN SAID GAS INLETS BEING FROM 1.5 TO 3.0 TIMES THE DIAMETER OF SAID UPPER GAS INLET PIPE; SAID SECOND GAS ENTERING SAID MIXING CHAMBER AT A LINEAR VELOCITY 1.15 TO 20.0 TIMES THAT AT WHICH SAID FIRST GAS ENTERS SAID MIXING CHAMBER; SAID FIRST GAS SUPPLIED TO THE MIXING CHAMBER THROUGH THE UPPER GAS INLET PIPE HAVING A VORTICAL FLOW AT A SWIRLING LINEAR VELOCITY 1.0 TO 3.5 TIMES THE VERTICAL VELOCITY AT WHICH SAID GAS IS GRADUALLY BROUGHT DOWNWARD WHILE SPIRALLY FLOWING; WHEREBY SAID GASES ARE MIXED, AND WITHDRAWING SAID MIXED GAS THROUGH AN OUTLET POSITIONED IN SAID MIXING CHAMBER BELOW SAID LOWER GAS INLET PIPE.
2. A method for rapidly mixing and reacting blast furnace gas with coke oven gas which comprises introducing blast furnace gas into the upper part of a cyclone-type gas mixing chamber having a longitudinal axis through an upper gas inlet pipe in a tangential direction to the periphery of said chamber; and simultaneously introducing coke oven gas into the lower part of said mixing chamber through a lower gas inlet pipe disposed in a tangential direction to said periphery and in an opposite gas swirling direction to that of said blast furnace gas; both gases swirling vortically about said longitudinal axis; the vertical distance between both gas inlet pipes being from 1.5 to 3.0 times the diameter of said upper gas inlet pipe; the coke oven gas entering said mixing chamber at a linear veloctiy 1.15 to 20.0 times that at which said blast furnace gas enters said mixing chamber; said blast furnace gas entering said mixing chamber to cause vortical flow at a swirling linear velocity 1.0 to 3.5 times the vertical velocity at which said gas is gradually brought downward while spirally flowing, whereby said gases are mixed, and withdrawing said mixed gas through an outlet positioned in said mixing chamber below said lower gas inlet pipe.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP46104297A JPS4869158A (en) | 1971-12-22 | 1971-12-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3862907A true US3862907A (en) | 1975-01-28 |
Family
ID=14376974
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US316012A Expired - Lifetime US3862907A (en) | 1971-12-22 | 1972-12-18 | Method for rapidly mixing different kinds of gas |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3862907A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS4869158A (en) |
AU (1) | AU464476B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA962663A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2164903B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1381368A (en) |
IT (1) | IT974193B (en) |
Cited By (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4086099A (en) * | 1974-06-28 | 1978-04-25 | Rhone-Poulenc Industries | Method of preparing plaster |
US4302550A (en) * | 1977-10-14 | 1981-11-24 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for the mixing and application of reactive materials |
US4325716A (en) * | 1980-05-28 | 1982-04-20 | Livemore Gerald S V | Mixing chamber in combination with a dust cyclone separator |
US4415275A (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1983-11-15 | Dietrich David E | Swirl mixing device |
US4614596A (en) * | 1985-01-10 | 1986-09-30 | Wyness David K | Apparatus and method for dissolving a gas in an aqueous stream |
US4830665A (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1989-05-16 | Cockerill S.A. | Process and unit for preparing alloyed and non-alloyed reactive metals by reduction |
WO1992014540A1 (en) * | 1991-02-25 | 1992-09-03 | Osaka Sanso Kogyo Ltd. | Method for homogenization treatment of mixed gases |
US5458136A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1995-10-17 | Paul Ritzau Pari-Werk Gmbh | Assembly for producing aerosol pulses |
US5624609A (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1997-04-29 | E & M Lamort | Enhancements to the air injection devices in a paper pulp flow for de-inking thereof |
US6231334B1 (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2001-05-15 | John Zink Company | Biogas flaring unit |
EP1112773A1 (en) * | 1999-05-15 | 2001-07-04 | Hirofumi Ohnari | Swing type fine air bubble generating device |
US6382601B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2002-05-07 | Hirofumi Ohnari | Swirling fine-bubble generator |
EP1473076A2 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-11-03 | DAL TIO Srl | Mixing device, and relative method, for mixing a substance with a pressurized fluid |
US20050010164A1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2005-01-13 | Mantell Robert R. | Mixed-gas insufflation system |
US20050125002A1 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-06-09 | George Baran | System and method for manipulating a catheter for delivering a substance to a body cavity |
US20050137529A1 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-06-23 | Mantell Robert R. | System and method for delivering a substance to a body cavity |
WO2007099288A2 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-09-07 | Peter Stein | Gas retention vessel |
US20080033344A1 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Mantell Robert R | In-Dwelling Port For Access Into A Body |
US20080093392A1 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2008-04-24 | Incro Limited | Nozzle Arrangement Comprising a Swirl Chamber |
US20080127954A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | Coates George J | In line mixing chamber for internal combustion engine |
US20100139599A1 (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2010-06-10 | Zemission Ab | heating device including catalytic burning of liquid fuel |
CN103537210A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-29 | 彭伟明 | Vortex emulsion method and device |
CN103537211A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-29 | 彭伟明 | Emulsifying method and device by double-vortex-body vortex |
CN103537209A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-29 | 彭伟明 | Emulsifying method and apparatus of combining magnetic field with vortex |
CN103611453A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-03-05 | 中国大唐集团环境技术有限公司 | Slurry stirring device |
CN103920403A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-07-16 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Apparatus for uniformly mixing titanium acid solution and on-line graying point judging device in titanium white production |
US8950383B2 (en) | 2012-08-27 | 2015-02-10 | Cummins Intellectual Property, Inc. | Gaseous fuel mixer for internal combustion engine |
US9572595B1 (en) | 2014-03-05 | 2017-02-21 | Northgate Technologies Inc. | In-dwelling port for access into a body |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS50124666U (en) * | 1974-03-26 | 1975-10-13 | ||
GB2031748B (en) * | 1978-10-09 | 1983-04-27 | British Res Agricult Eng | Continuous mixing |
NL170923C (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1983-01-17 | Estel Hoogovens Bv | GAS MIXER. |
GB2056748B (en) * | 1979-08-22 | 1983-05-05 | Jahn H | Method for eliminating local gas concentrations in stratified atmospheres |
SE8304273D0 (en) * | 1983-08-04 | 1983-08-04 | Skf Steel Eng Ab | SET AND DEVICE FOR HEATING A GAS WITH ANOTHER GAS |
GB2149679A (en) * | 1983-11-14 | 1985-06-19 | Conoco Inc | Vortex eductor |
JP2006272150A (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-12 | Jfe Steel Kk | Gas mixer and gas mixing method |
JP4505367B2 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2010-07-21 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Hydrogen fuel supply system |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US12293A (en) * | 1855-01-23 | Geobge copeland | ||
US1879582A (en) * | 1930-06-27 | 1932-09-27 | Minor W Stout | Fluid mixing device |
US2763699A (en) * | 1953-10-29 | 1956-09-18 | Shell Dev | Homogeneous steady state conversions in turbulence chambers and apparatus therefor |
US2847083A (en) * | 1956-06-18 | 1958-08-12 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Fractionator design |
US2935840A (en) * | 1953-02-26 | 1960-05-10 | Metallbau Semler Gmbh | Fluid mixing chamber |
US3105778A (en) * | 1959-06-12 | 1963-10-01 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Heating and mixing methods |
US3238021A (en) * | 1963-01-21 | 1966-03-01 | Monsanto Co | Mixing equipment |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1140837A (en) * | 1966-02-22 | 1969-01-22 | Ashbrook Corp | Method and apparatus for mixing streams of gas |
-
1971
- 1971-12-22 JP JP46104297A patent/JPS4869158A/ja active Pending
-
1972
- 1972-12-18 CA CA159,261A patent/CA962663A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-18 US US316012A patent/US3862907A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-12-19 GB GB5864672A patent/GB1381368A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-19 AU AU50252/72A patent/AU464476B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-20 IT IT54876/72A patent/IT974193B/en active
- 1972-12-22 FR FR7245996A patent/FR2164903B1/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US12293A (en) * | 1855-01-23 | Geobge copeland | ||
US1879582A (en) * | 1930-06-27 | 1932-09-27 | Minor W Stout | Fluid mixing device |
US2935840A (en) * | 1953-02-26 | 1960-05-10 | Metallbau Semler Gmbh | Fluid mixing chamber |
US2763699A (en) * | 1953-10-29 | 1956-09-18 | Shell Dev | Homogeneous steady state conversions in turbulence chambers and apparatus therefor |
US2847083A (en) * | 1956-06-18 | 1958-08-12 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Fractionator design |
US3105778A (en) * | 1959-06-12 | 1963-10-01 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Heating and mixing methods |
US3238021A (en) * | 1963-01-21 | 1966-03-01 | Monsanto Co | Mixing equipment |
Cited By (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4086099A (en) * | 1974-06-28 | 1978-04-25 | Rhone-Poulenc Industries | Method of preparing plaster |
US4302550A (en) * | 1977-10-14 | 1981-11-24 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for the mixing and application of reactive materials |
US4310493A (en) * | 1977-10-14 | 1982-01-12 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for the mixing and application of reactive materials |
US4830665A (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1989-05-16 | Cockerill S.A. | Process and unit for preparing alloyed and non-alloyed reactive metals by reduction |
US4325716A (en) * | 1980-05-28 | 1982-04-20 | Livemore Gerald S V | Mixing chamber in combination with a dust cyclone separator |
US4415275A (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1983-11-15 | Dietrich David E | Swirl mixing device |
US4614596A (en) * | 1985-01-10 | 1986-09-30 | Wyness David K | Apparatus and method for dissolving a gas in an aqueous stream |
WO1992014540A1 (en) * | 1991-02-25 | 1992-09-03 | Osaka Sanso Kogyo Ltd. | Method for homogenization treatment of mixed gases |
US5458136A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1995-10-17 | Paul Ritzau Pari-Werk Gmbh | Assembly for producing aerosol pulses |
US5624609A (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1997-04-29 | E & M Lamort | Enhancements to the air injection devices in a paper pulp flow for de-inking thereof |
US6382601B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2002-05-07 | Hirofumi Ohnari | Swirling fine-bubble generator |
US6231334B1 (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2001-05-15 | John Zink Company | Biogas flaring unit |
EP1112773A4 (en) * | 1999-05-15 | 2004-08-25 | Hirofumi Ohnari | Swing type fine air bubble generating device |
EP1112773A1 (en) * | 1999-05-15 | 2001-07-04 | Hirofumi Ohnari | Swing type fine air bubble generating device |
US7654975B2 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2010-02-02 | Northgate Technologies, Inc. | Mixed-gas insufflation system |
US20050010164A1 (en) * | 2003-04-24 | 2005-01-13 | Mantell Robert R. | Mixed-gas insufflation system |
EP1473076A3 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2005-10-12 | DAL TIO Srl | Mixing device, and relative method, for mixing a substance with a pressurized fluid |
EP1473076A2 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-11-03 | DAL TIO Srl | Mixing device, and relative method, for mixing a substance with a pressurized fluid |
US20050137529A1 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-06-23 | Mantell Robert R. | System and method for delivering a substance to a body cavity |
US8105267B2 (en) | 2003-10-07 | 2012-01-31 | Northgate Technologies Inc. | System and method for delivering a substance to a body cavity |
US20100268153A1 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2010-10-21 | Northgate Technologies Inc. | System and method for delivering a substance to a body cavity |
US7704223B2 (en) | 2003-10-07 | 2010-04-27 | Northgate Technologies Inc. | System and method for delivering a substance to a body cavity |
US7914517B2 (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2011-03-29 | Trudell Medical International | System and method for manipulating a catheter for delivering a substance to a body cavity |
US20050125002A1 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-06-09 | George Baran | System and method for manipulating a catheter for delivering a substance to a body cavity |
US20080093392A1 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2008-04-24 | Incro Limited | Nozzle Arrangement Comprising a Swirl Chamber |
WO2007099288A3 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-11-08 | Peter Stein | Gas retention vessel |
WO2007099288A2 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-09-07 | Peter Stein | Gas retention vessel |
US20080033344A1 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Mantell Robert R | In-Dwelling Port For Access Into A Body |
US9345870B2 (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2016-05-24 | Northgate Technologies Inc. | In-dwelling port for access into a body |
US8663271B2 (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2014-03-04 | Northgate Technologies, Inc. | In-dwelling port for access into a body |
US20080127954A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | Coates George J | In line mixing chamber for internal combustion engine |
US20100139599A1 (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2010-06-10 | Zemission Ab | heating device including catalytic burning of liquid fuel |
US9494316B2 (en) * | 2007-01-05 | 2016-11-15 | Zemission Ab | Heating device including catalytic burning of liquid fuel |
US8950383B2 (en) | 2012-08-27 | 2015-02-10 | Cummins Intellectual Property, Inc. | Gaseous fuel mixer for internal combustion engine |
CN103611453A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-03-05 | 中国大唐集团环境技术有限公司 | Slurry stirring device |
CN103611453B (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2016-01-13 | 大唐环境产业集团股份有限公司 | A kind of slurry agitating device |
CN103537210A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-29 | 彭伟明 | Vortex emulsion method and device |
CN103537210B (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2015-07-15 | 彭伟明 | Vortex emulsion method and device |
CN103537211B (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2015-07-15 | 彭伟明 | Emulsifying method and device by double-vortex-body vortex |
CN103537209B (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2016-02-17 | 彭伟明 | The emulsification method that a kind of magnetic field combines with vortex and device |
CN103537209A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-29 | 彭伟明 | Emulsifying method and apparatus of combining magnetic field with vortex |
CN103537211A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-29 | 彭伟明 | Emulsifying method and device by double-vortex-body vortex |
US9572595B1 (en) | 2014-03-05 | 2017-02-21 | Northgate Technologies Inc. | In-dwelling port for access into a body |
CN103920403B (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-11-04 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Metatitanic acid liquid evenly mixing device and method and Producing Titanium Dioxide become ash point decision maker with online |
CN103920403A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-07-16 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Apparatus for uniformly mixing titanium acid solution and on-line graying point judging device in titanium white production |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2164903A1 (en) | 1973-08-03 |
DE2262739A1 (en) | 1973-07-05 |
AU5025272A (en) | 1974-06-20 |
CA962663A (en) | 1975-02-11 |
FR2164903B1 (en) | 1976-01-30 |
JPS4869158A (en) | 1973-09-20 |
GB1381368A (en) | 1975-01-22 |
DE2262739B2 (en) | 1977-01-20 |
AU464476B2 (en) | 1975-08-13 |
IT974193B (en) | 1974-06-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3862907A (en) | Method for rapidly mixing different kinds of gas | |
CA1070485A (en) | Process for contacting substances which occur in different phases | |
US4370308A (en) | Production of carbon black | |
US2851337A (en) | Carbon black process | |
EP0411160A1 (en) | Method of manufacturing carbon black | |
GB1585489A (en) | Process for reacting nongaseous material with a gaseous reactant | |
EP0703950B1 (en) | Process for producing carbon blacks | |
Zheng et al. | A model for desulphurisation with limestone in a fluidised coal combustor | |
US2934410A (en) | Two-stage burner apparatus | |
US3076695A (en) | Process and apparatus for the production of carbon black | |
US3867513A (en) | Method for producing carbon black | |
US3923465A (en) | Apparatus for producing carbon black | |
US4339422A (en) | Carbon black manufacture | |
JPH03115365A (en) | Reactor and method for manufacturing carbon black having wide particle size distribution range | |
JPS6438131A (en) | Mixing nozzle for mixing two gas streams | |
US2779664A (en) | Carbon black production | |
US2920945A (en) | Processes for the production of combustible gases | |
US3523759A (en) | Apparatus for producing carbon black | |
US3333928A (en) | Process for manufacturing carbon black | |
GB2161593A (en) | Method and apparatus for cooling a hot product gas | |
US3989804A (en) | Carbon black method | |
US3460915A (en) | Apparatus for the production of gases containing acetylene | |
US4051135A (en) | Carbon black reactor | |
EP0412265B1 (en) | Process and apparatus for producing carbon black | |
US4263264A (en) | Method of abating nitrogen oxides in combustion waste gases |