US3870072A - Insufflation apparatus for introducing limited quantities of carbon dioxide into the human body for operative purposes - Google Patents

Insufflation apparatus for introducing limited quantities of carbon dioxide into the human body for operative purposes Download PDF

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US3870072A
US3870072A US37496773A US3870072A US 3870072 A US3870072 A US 3870072A US 37496773 A US37496773 A US 37496773A US 3870072 A US3870072 A US 3870072A
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valve
shut
carbon dioxide
human body
measured value
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Hans-Joachim Lindemann
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LINDEMANN HANS#JOACHIM
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Lindemann Hans Joachim
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M13/00Insufflators for therapeutic or disinfectant purposes, i.e. devices for blowing a gas, powder or vapour into the body
    • A61M13/003Blowing gases other than for carrying powders, e.g. for inflating, dilating or rinsing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/02Gases
    • A61M2202/0225Carbon oxides, e.g. Carbon dioxide
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/33Controlling, regulating or measuring
    • A61M2205/3331Pressure; Flow
    • A61M2205/3344Measuring or controlling pressure at the body treatment site
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8158With indicator, register, recorder, alarm or inspection means
    • Y10T137/8326Fluid pressure responsive indicator, recorder or alarm

Definitions

  • the insufflation apparatus serves for introducing limited quantities of carbon dioxide into the human body for operative purposes and consists of a C0 container disposed in a housing and comprising a manometer and a shut-off valve and of an optical and/0r acoustic signal device which is connected to a flow meter via a control device comprising a measured value comparator and a time switch, and the shut-off valve of the flow meter is connected to a device which reopens the closed shut-off valve after passage of a variable regeneration time and is controllable via the time switch.
  • the invention relates to an insufflation apparatus for introducing limited quantities of carbon dioxide into the human body for operative purposes.
  • an insufflation apparatus for introducing limited quantities of carbon dioxide into the human body for operative purposes.
  • the amount of CO which may be introduced into the body within a certain time is limited because CO is absorbed by the blood and increases the natural carbonic acid present in venous blood due to muscular work. If under normal conditions more than about 200 mg CO per minute is artificially introduced the dissolving power of the blood may be exceeded and gas bubbles may form in the main coronary vein, endangering the life of the patient.
  • the problem underlying the invention is to avoid the danger of a gas emboly when carrying out CO insufflation into the human body.
  • the problem is solved according to the invention in that an insufflation apparatus for introducing a limited amount of carbon dioxide into the human body is proposed which is characterized by the combination of the following features:
  • a replaceable CO container provided with a manometer and a shut-off valve and an optical and/or acoustic signal device are disposed in a housing.
  • the signal device is connected to a flow meter via a control device comprising a measured value comparator and a time switch.
  • the shut-off valve connected to the flow meter is connected to a device, such as a drive motor, which reopens the closed shut-off valve after passage of a variable regeneration time and is controllable via the time switch.
  • FIG. 1 shows the gas insufflation apparatus in perspective
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the gas insufflation apparatus.
  • the gas insufflation housing is provided with a grip 101 and an adapter connection 21 for the hysteroscope (FIG. 1). Disposed on one side wall are the operating means for the shut-off valve 112, the setting device 121, the manual desired value setting device 142 and the adjusting means or control element 173 with the associated optical indicating means 111, 122, 154 and 172. Arranged to be clearly visible on the top of the apparatus housing 10 are the optical or acoustic warning indicating means 182, 192 and the visible portion 161 of the optical flow indicator 16 which may consist for example of a small gas turbine.
  • the replaceable CO container 11 Disposed in the housing 10 is the replaceable CO container 11 followed in the flow direction by the shut-off valve 112, the adjustable initial pressure regulator 12, the safety valve 13, the shut-off valve 19, the flow control valve 14, the flow meter 15, the optical flow indicating device 16, the pressure limiter 17, the safety relief valve 18 and the adapter connection 21 inserted into the wall of the housing 10.
  • the PTC resistors 151 of the flow meter 15 are connected via a primary control element or pickup 152 to a controller 191 which contains a time switch and which comprises adjusting means or control element 153 for the desired value input and is connected by means of cable 193a to the warning indicator 192 and the positioning device of the shut-off valve 19.
  • the pickup 171 of the pressure limiter is connected by means of the cable 174 to the controller 141 which contains a manual desired value setting device 142 and by which the flow regulating valve 14 may be actuated via the adjusting means 143.
  • Disposed at the relief safety valve 18 is a pickup 181 which is connected via the lines 183 to the warning indicating means 182.
  • the flexible hose 22 of the hysteroscope 20 is connected by means of an adapter to the connection 21 of the housing 10.
  • lnsufflation apparatus for introducing limited quantities of carbon dioxide to the human body for surgical purposes comprising, in combination, a housing, a replaceable carbon dioxide container (11), a manometer and a shut-off valve (19) for said container, said shut-off valve (19) being operable between an open and closed position, flow measuring means (15) comprising measured value pickup means (151) consisting of PTC conductor feelers, said measured value pickup means (151) being constructed as a cold conductor, a warning signal generating device (192), a control device (191) including a measured value comparator (152) and a time switch (193) connecting said signal generating device (192) to said flow meter (15), drive motor means, and means connecting said shut-off valve (19) to said flow measuring means (15) and to said drive motor means, said drive motor means being operable to reopen said shut-off valve (19) after closure thereof upon passage of a variable regeneration time under control of said time switch (193).

Abstract

The insufflation apparatus serves for introducing limited quantities of carbon dioxide into the human body for operative purposes and consists of a CO2 container disposed in a housing and comprising a manometer and a shut-off valve and of an optical and/or acoustic signal device which is connected to a flow meter via a control device comprising a measured value comparator and a time switch, and the shut-off valve of the flow meter is connected to a device which reopens the closed shut-off valve after passage of a variable regeneration time and is controllable via the time switch.

Description

States Patent 1191 1111 amen Lindemann Mar. 11, 1975 INSUFIFLATION APPARATUS FOR 3,674,010 7/1972 Falenks 128/2 R INTRODUCING LIMITED QUANTITIES OF 3,712,298 1/1973 Snowdon et a1. 128/184 X 3,782,363 1/1974 Davis 128/2 R CARBON DIOXIDE INTO THE HUMAN BODY FOR OPERATllVE PURPOSES Inventor: Hans-Joachim Lindemann, Kleiner Schaferkamp 43, 2000 Hamburg 6, Germany Filed: June 29, 1973 Appl. No.: 374,967
Foreign Application Priority Data May 10, 1973 Germany .1 2323682 US. Cl 137/557, 128/2 R, 128/3, 128/184 Int. Cl A611) 5/10 Field of Search 131/551; 128/2 A, 2 R, 128/184, 3
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 7/1956 Moller 128/184 Primary E.raminerHenry T. Klinksiek Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Toren, McGeady and Stanger [57] ABSTRACT The insufflation apparatus serves for introducing limited quantities of carbon dioxide into the human body for operative purposes and consists of a C0 container disposed in a housing and comprising a manometer and a shut-off valve and of an optical and/0r acoustic signal device which is connected to a flow meter via a control device comprising a measured value comparator and a time switch, and the shut-off valve of the flow meter is connected to a device which reopens the closed shut-off valve after passage of a variable regeneration time and is controllable via the time switch.
1 Claim, 2 Drawing Figures INSUFFLATION APPARATUS FOR INTRODUCING LIMITED QUANTITIES OF CARBON DIOXIDE INTO THE HUMAN BODY FOR OPERATIVE PURPOSES The invention relates to an insufflation apparatus for introducing limited quantities of carbon dioxide into the human body for operative purposes. To enlarge body cavities, in particular in laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, it is usual to insufflate carbon dioxide gas under low pressure into the human body, the cavum uteri being carefully expanded using a hysteroscope adapter.
The amount of CO which may be introduced into the body within a certain time is limited because CO is absorbed by the blood and increases the natural carbonic acid present in venous blood due to muscular work. If under normal conditions more than about 200 mg CO per minute is artificially introduced the dissolving power of the blood may be exceeded and gas bubbles may form in the main coronary vein, endangering the life of the patient.
The problem underlying the invention is to avoid the danger of a gas emboly when carrying out CO insufflation into the human body. The problem is solved according to the invention in that an insufflation apparatus for introducing a limited amount of carbon dioxide into the human body is proposed which is characterized by the combination of the following features:
a. A replaceable CO container provided with a manometer and a shut-off valve and an optical and/or acoustic signal device are disposed in a housing.
b. The signal device is connected to a flow meter via a control device comprising a measured value comparator and a time switch.
c. The shut-off valve connected to the flow meter is connected to a device, such as a drive motor, which reopens the closed shut-off valve after passage of a variable regeneration time and is controllable via the time switch.
Since when carrying out insufflation the CO passes into the body at definite temperatures, such as the room temperature of the operating theater, and the pressure and flowing gas volume are set, the amount of gas and number of gas molecules flowing to the body in unit time are also known.
An example of embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawings, wherein HO. 1 shows the gas insufflation apparatus in perspective and FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the gas insufflation apparatus.
The gas insufflation housing is provided with a grip 101 and an adapter connection 21 for the hysteroscope (FIG. 1). Disposed on one side wall are the operating means for the shut-off valve 112, the setting device 121, the manual desired value setting device 142 and the adjusting means or control element 173 with the associated optical indicating means 111, 122, 154 and 172. Arranged to be clearly visible on the top of the apparatus housing 10 are the optical or acoustic warning indicating means 182, 192 and the visible portion 161 of the optical flow indicator 16 which may consist for example of a small gas turbine. Disposed in the housing 10 is the replaceable CO container 11 followed in the flow direction by the shut-off valve 112, the adjustable initial pressure regulator 12, the safety valve 13, the shut-off valve 19, the flow control valve 14, the flow meter 15, the optical flow indicating device 16, the pressure limiter 17, the safety relief valve 18 and the adapter connection 21 inserted into the wall of the housing 10. The PTC resistors 151 of the flow meter 15 are connected via a primary control element or pickup 152 to a controller 191 which contains a time switch and which comprises adjusting means or control element 153 for the desired value input and is connected by means of cable 193a to the warning indicator 192 and the positioning device of the shut-off valve 19. The pickup 171 of the pressure limiter is connected by means of the cable 174 to the controller 141 which contains a manual desired value setting device 142 and by which the flow regulating valve 14 may be actuated via the adjusting means 143. Disposed at the relief safety valve 18 is a pickup 181 which is connected via the lines 183 to the warning indicating means 182. The flexible hose 22 of the hysteroscope 20 is connected by means of an adapter to the connection 21 of the housing 10.
I claim:
1. lnsufflation apparatus for introducing limited quantities of carbon dioxide to the human body for surgical purposes comprising, in combination, a housing, a replaceable carbon dioxide container (11), a manometer and a shut-off valve (19) for said container, said shut-off valve (19) being operable between an open and closed position, flow measuring means (15) comprising measured value pickup means (151) consisting of PTC conductor feelers, said measured value pickup means (151) being constructed as a cold conductor, a warning signal generating device (192), a control device (191) including a measured value comparator (152) and a time switch (193) connecting said signal generating device (192) to said flow meter (15), drive motor means, and means connecting said shut-off valve (19) to said flow measuring means (15) and to said drive motor means, said drive motor means being operable to reopen said shut-off valve (19) after closure thereof upon passage of a variable regeneration time under control of said time switch (193).
* l l l

Claims (1)

1. Insufflation apparatus for introducing limited quantities of carbon dioxide to the human body for surgical purposes comprising, in combination, a housing, a replaceable carbon dioxide container (11), a manometer and a shut-off valve (19) for said container, said shut-off valve (19) being operable between an open and a closed position, flow measuring means (15) comprising measured value pickup means (151) consisting of PTC conductor feelers, said measured value pickup means (151) being constructed as a cold conductor, a warning signal generating device (192), a control device (191) including a measured value comparator (152) and a time switch (193) connecting said signal generating device (192) to said flow meter (15), drive motor means, and means connecting said shut-off valve (19) to said flow measuring means (15) and to said drive motor means, said drive motor means being operable to reopen said shut-off valve (19) after closure thereof upon passage of a variable regeneration time under control of said time switch (193).
US37496773 1973-05-10 1973-06-29 Insufflation apparatus for introducing limited quantities of carbon dioxide into the human body for operative purposes Expired - Lifetime US3870072A (en)

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DE19732323682 DE2323682C3 (en) 1973-05-10 Insufflation device for introducing limited amounts of carbonic acid gas into the human body for surgical purposes

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Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3974830A (en) * 1975-01-27 1976-08-17 Laverne Albert A Method and apparatus for carbon dioxide therapy (CDT) of addictons
US3982533A (en) * 1975-03-14 1976-09-28 F. M. Wiest Kg Insufflation apparatus
US4048992A (en) * 1974-10-26 1977-09-20 Lindemann Hans Joachim Insufflator
US4063548A (en) * 1975-04-07 1977-12-20 American Medical Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for micturition analysis
US4207887A (en) * 1975-10-04 1980-06-17 Richard Wolf Gmbh Gas insufflation apparatus
US4245623A (en) * 1978-06-06 1981-01-20 Erb Robert A Method and apparatus for the hysteroscopic non-surgical sterilization of females
US4464169A (en) * 1981-10-15 1984-08-07 Kurt Semm Apparatus and method for insufflating fluid media into a cavity
US4676774A (en) * 1984-04-11 1987-06-30 Kurt Semm Apparatus for the insufflation of gas
EP0320256A2 (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-06-14 Edwin L. Adair System for controllably embolyzing blood vessels
US4874362A (en) * 1986-03-27 1989-10-17 Wiest Peter P Method and device for insufflating gas
US4921009A (en) * 1988-12-07 1990-05-01 Adam Gunter H Torque control system
US5006109A (en) * 1989-09-12 1991-04-09 Donald D. Douglas Method and device for controlling pressure, volumetric flow rate and temperature during gas insuffication procedures
US5013294A (en) * 1987-11-17 1991-05-07 Richard Wolf Gmbh Insufflation device for endoscopic intervention
US5056558A (en) * 1990-08-30 1991-10-15 Rodgers Charles A Dunnage airbag pressure controller
US5152745A (en) * 1990-06-15 1992-10-06 Rolf Steiner Insufflator
US5249579A (en) * 1990-03-09 1993-10-05 E-Z-Em, Inc. Contrast media injector
US5322070A (en) * 1992-08-21 1994-06-21 E-Z-Em, Inc. Barium enema insufflation system
US5346470A (en) * 1990-12-20 1994-09-13 E-Z-Em, Inc. Contrast media injector
US5360396A (en) * 1992-07-07 1994-11-01 Andronic Devices Ltd. Apparatus and method for improved insufflation
US20020072700A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-06-13 Mantell Robert R. Method and apparatus for humidification and warming of air
US6581467B1 (en) * 1993-01-25 2003-06-24 Raytheon Company Portable gas purge and fill system for night vision equipment
US20030181857A1 (en) * 2002-03-22 2003-09-25 James Blake Insufflation device with integral heater control
US20050279350A1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2005-12-22 Capnia Incorporated Methods and apparatus for relieving headaches, rhinitis and other common ailments
US20060076011A1 (en) * 1999-11-08 2006-04-13 Capnia, Incorporated Methods and apparatus for the enhanced delivery of physiologic agents to tissue surfaces
US20060100579A1 (en) * 2004-07-23 2006-05-11 Usgi Medical Inc. Apparatus and methods for controlling pressurization of a body cavity
US20070039615A1 (en) * 1999-11-08 2007-02-22 Capnia, Incorporated Methods and apparatus for treating rhinitis
US20090018552A1 (en) * 2002-12-11 2009-01-15 Usgi Medical, Inc. Apparatus and methods for forming and securing gastrointestinal tissue folds
US20110034862A1 (en) * 2005-10-24 2011-02-10 Bracco Diagnostics Inc. Insufflating system, method, and computer program product for controlling the supply of a distending media to an endoscopic device
US8096968B2 (en) 1999-11-08 2012-01-17 Capnia, Inc. Methods and apparatus for the enhanced delivery of physiologic agents to tissue surfaces
US20120138053A1 (en) * 2010-06-01 2012-06-07 Capnia, Inc. Gas dispenser for dispensing accurate doses of therapeutic gas from a reservoir containing highly compressed therapeutic gas
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US10092234B2 (en) 2007-10-15 2018-10-09 University Of Maryland, Baltimore Apparatus and method for use in analyzing a patient'S bowel
US10485409B2 (en) 2013-01-17 2019-11-26 Vanderbilt University Real-time pose and magnetic force detection for wireless magnetic capsule
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US3674010A (en) * 1970-07-15 1972-07-04 Diversified Medical Corp Apparatus for automatic inflation of cavities of the body
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Cited By (74)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4048992A (en) * 1974-10-26 1977-09-20 Lindemann Hans Joachim Insufflator
US3974830A (en) * 1975-01-27 1976-08-17 Laverne Albert A Method and apparatus for carbon dioxide therapy (CDT) of addictons
US3982533A (en) * 1975-03-14 1976-09-28 F. M. Wiest Kg Insufflation apparatus
US4063548A (en) * 1975-04-07 1977-12-20 American Medical Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for micturition analysis
US4207887A (en) * 1975-10-04 1980-06-17 Richard Wolf Gmbh Gas insufflation apparatus
US4245623A (en) * 1978-06-06 1981-01-20 Erb Robert A Method and apparatus for the hysteroscopic non-surgical sterilization of females
US4464169A (en) * 1981-10-15 1984-08-07 Kurt Semm Apparatus and method for insufflating fluid media into a cavity
US4676774A (en) * 1984-04-11 1987-06-30 Kurt Semm Apparatus for the insufflation of gas
US4874362A (en) * 1986-03-27 1989-10-17 Wiest Peter P Method and device for insufflating gas
US5013294A (en) * 1987-11-17 1991-05-07 Richard Wolf Gmbh Insufflation device for endoscopic intervention
EP0320256A2 (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-06-14 Edwin L. Adair System for controllably embolyzing blood vessels
EP0320256A3 (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-10-04 Edwin L. Adair System for controllably embolyzing blood vessels
US4869246A (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-09-26 Adair Edwin Lloyd Method for controllably embolyzing blood vessels
US4921009A (en) * 1988-12-07 1990-05-01 Adam Gunter H Torque control system
US5006109A (en) * 1989-09-12 1991-04-09 Donald D. Douglas Method and device for controlling pressure, volumetric flow rate and temperature during gas insuffication procedures
US5249579A (en) * 1990-03-09 1993-10-05 E-Z-Em, Inc. Contrast media injector
US5152745A (en) * 1990-06-15 1992-10-06 Rolf Steiner Insufflator
US5056558A (en) * 1990-08-30 1991-10-15 Rodgers Charles A Dunnage airbag pressure controller
US5346470A (en) * 1990-12-20 1994-09-13 E-Z-Em, Inc. Contrast media injector
US5360396A (en) * 1992-07-07 1994-11-01 Andronic Devices Ltd. Apparatus and method for improved insufflation
US5322070A (en) * 1992-08-21 1994-06-21 E-Z-Em, Inc. Barium enema insufflation system
US6581467B1 (en) * 1993-01-25 2003-06-24 Raytheon Company Portable gas purge and fill system for night vision equipment
US20060237004A1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2006-10-26 Capnia, Incorporated Methods for treating trigeminal neuralgia
US20110046546A1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2011-02-24 Capnia, Inc. Methods for treating headaches
US7836883B2 (en) 1999-07-12 2010-11-23 Capnia, Inc. Methods for treating rhinitis and conjunctivitis
US20050279350A1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2005-12-22 Capnia Incorporated Methods and apparatus for relieving headaches, rhinitis and other common ailments
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US7017573B1 (en) 1999-07-12 2006-03-28 Capnia, Incorporated Methods and apparatus for relieving headaches, rhinitis and other common ailments
US8464711B2 (en) 1999-07-12 2013-06-18 Capnia, Inc. Methods for treating headaches
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US20060237003A1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2006-10-26 Capnia, Incorporated Methods for treating headaches
US20060243276A1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2006-11-02 Capnia, Incorporated Methods for treating rhinitis and conjunctivitis
US20070017508A1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2007-01-25 Capnia, Incorporated Methods for treating jaw pain
US7845347B2 (en) 1999-07-12 2010-12-07 Capnia, Inc. Methods for treating headaches
US20110040240A1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2011-02-17 Capnia, Inc. Methods for treating rhinitis and conjunctivitis
US7845348B2 (en) 1999-07-12 2010-12-07 Capnia, Inc. Methods for treating trigeminal neuralgia
US20060076011A1 (en) * 1999-11-08 2006-04-13 Capnia, Incorporated Methods and apparatus for the enhanced delivery of physiologic agents to tissue surfaces
US20100104665A1 (en) * 1999-11-08 2010-04-29 Capnia, Inc. Methods and Apparatus for Treating Rhinitis
US20070039615A1 (en) * 1999-11-08 2007-02-22 Capnia, Incorporated Methods and apparatus for treating rhinitis
US8096968B2 (en) 1999-11-08 2012-01-17 Capnia, Inc. Methods and apparatus for the enhanced delivery of physiologic agents to tissue surfaces
US8398580B2 (en) 1999-11-08 2013-03-19 Capnia, Inc. Methods and apparatus for treating rhinitis
US20100210565A1 (en) * 1999-11-08 2010-08-19 Rasor Julia S Methods and apparatus for the enhanced delivery of physiologic agents to tissue surfaces
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US10052444B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2018-08-21 Northgate Technologies Inc. Method and apparatus for humidification and warming of air
US20070107726A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2007-05-17 Northgate Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for humidification and warming of air
US8955511B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2015-02-17 Northgate Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for humidification and warming of air
US8091546B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2012-01-10 Northgate Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for humidification and warming of air
US20060033223A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2006-02-16 Northgate Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for humidification and warming of air
US20020072700A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-06-13 Mantell Robert R. Method and apparatus for humidification and warming of air
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DE2323682B2 (en) 1975-09-11
DE2323682A1 (en) 1974-11-21

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