US3876968A - Glass heating fabric - Google Patents
Glass heating fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3876968A US3876968A US441817A US44181774A US3876968A US 3876968 A US3876968 A US 3876968A US 441817 A US441817 A US 441817A US 44181774 A US44181774 A US 44181774A US 3876968 A US3876968 A US 3876968A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- heater
- vapor barrier
- vinylidene chloride
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
Definitions
- a heater fabric and method of fabrication are provided, wherein the fabric heater comprises a woven glass fabric having a layer in contact with electrodes of a conductive mixture comprising a vinylidene chloride polymer and carbon to provide the desired watt density and an outer coating of a vapor barrier of a vinylidene chloride polymer.
- a fabric softener layer may also be provided between the glass fabric and the conductive coating to impart greater flexibility to the heater fabric.
- the present invention relates to a heater fabric and method of making the same.
- heater cable For many years the only satisfactory source of a semiflexible heater material was a product known as a heater cable. By arranging these heater cables in equally spaced configurations it was possible to provide a large flat area of radiantheat source. These heater cables were all made by insulating an alloy resistance wire, such as Chromel (Trademark of Haskins Mfg. Co.
- U.S. Pat. No. 2,473,183 teaches coating a woven fabric with a vinyl resin containing conducting carbon black, plus an over coating of a non-conductive material, such as plasticized vinyl resin to protect a person from getting electrical shock when touching the surface.
- the insulating coating of this patent being a plasticized vinyl resin will not sufficiently protect the conducting coating since a 3 mil vinyl coating would have a moisture vapor transmission of from 0.5 to 1.0 perms.
- U.S.Pat. No. 3,112,985 teaches the bonding of a film of polyvinylidene chloride to paper for the purpose of making it greaseproof and resistant to the passage therethrough of water vapor.
- US. Pat. No. 3,359,525 teaches coating glass fabric with a conductive coating of polyimide resin and conducting carbon black followed by an insulating coating of a polyimide resin. This provides an insulating coating over the conductive coating, but not a good vapor varrier. This product is designed to operate at 600F.
- the heater cable is still the only recognized and approved source of radiant heat for installation in homes, driveways, etc.
- a heater fabric, and a method of fabrication are provided wherein the heater fabric comprises a woven glass fabric coated with a layer of a conductive mixture comprising a vinylidene chloride polymer and carbon to provide the desired watt density and an over coating of a vapor barrier of a vinylidene chloride polymer.
- a fabric softener layer may be provided between the glass fabric and the conductive coating to impart greater flexibility to the heater fabric.
- the vapor barrier of the vinylidene chloride polymer protects the conducting layer from moisture and accidental contact with the live circuit.
- the vapor barrier coating serves further to bond the conducting particles in the base coat more compactly together giving the product a more uniform resistance.
- the vapor barrier coating also improves the flex properties of the heater fabric.
- Another unexpected feature of the glass heater fabric of the present invention is that cutouts, such as needed for a lamp fixture, can be made without affecting its ability to continue to operate as a heat source.
- An advantage of the present invention is the ease with which the heater fabric can be incorporated in an article of manufacture, as for example, a plaster board.
- Plaster boards with a heater cable as an integral part of the board for radiant ceiling heating are known. This product is made for example by routing out a trench in the plaster board, inserting an insulated heater cable, filling the trench with plaster. and facing the board with paper.
- the glass heater fabric which will be used according to the present invention for incorporation into such articles as plaster board, ceiling tile, etc. is an open weave construction having openings approximately 1/16 inch square. Because each individual yarn in the fabric is surrounded by the vapor barrier coating and is insulated and protected from moisture, the glass heater fabric can be molded in the wet plaster slurry in a simple operation. The wet plaster slurry will key through the openings in the heater fabric and the heater fabric will become an integral part of the structure. Not only will the glass heater fabric serve as a heat source, but it will also reinforce the plaster board. In contrast, with a conventional heater fabric enclosed in a plastic film, the plaster will not stick to the film, and subsequent delamination will occur.
- FIG. 1 is a semi-log graph of the resistance of a heater fabric versus the carbon/PVDC ratio of the conducting layer in the heater fabric;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross section of a heater fabric according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross section of a ceiling tile incorporating a heater fabric of the present invention
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are plan views of a heater fabric showing the indicated temperature testing positions and removed portions
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of a plaster board incorporating a heater fabric and a light fixture with the indicated temperature testing positions;
- FIG. 7 is a cross section of the removed portion for the light fixture in FIG. 6;
- FIG. 8 is a plan view similar to FIG. 5 for a laminate with a heater fabric.
- the heater fabric of the present invention comprises a woven glass fabric treated with a conductive mixture of carbon and vinylidene chloride polymer to provide the desired watt density and then coated with a vinylidene chloride polymer vapor barrier having a moisture vapor transmission of 0.02 perms or less. This vapor barrier serves to protect the conducting mixture from attack by moisture and at the same time eliminates the hazard of contact with the live electric circuit.
- FIG. 2 One type of heater fabric according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 where the various layers are shown schematically rather than in their relative proportions.
- the glass fabric is coated in sequence with a conductive layer 14 of carbon and a polymer of vinylidene chloride, such as polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and then an outer vapor barrier layer 16 of PVDC.
- PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
- Copper or other suitable metal electrodes are provided to connect the voltage source to the conductive layer 14 by weaving the glass fabric with the electrodes as shown by 18 or by attaching the electrodes 20 to the coated fabric before the vapor barrier 16 is added.
- a fabric softener 12 may be applied to the glass fabric 10 to impart more flexibility to the heater fabric.
- the form of the carbon suitable for the conductive layer is not important for the heater fabric operation so long as the carbon particles are of a sufficient size to be embedded in a continuous coating when mixed with the vinylidene chloride polymer. Carbon black is one preferred from.
- Vulcan XC-72 which is specifically made for use as a conducting medium and has excellent conductivity characteristics. Vulcan XC-72 has an ASTM D2516 classification of N472, an average particle size of 35 millimicrons, N surface areas of 254 square meters per gram and its DBP absorption is 200 cc/l00g.
- the amount of carbon in the conductive coating varies over a wide range of concentrations depending on the desired watt density of the heater fabric and coating thickness.
- the weight ratio of carbon to vinylidene chloride polymer is in the range of 20:80 to 80:20. Carbon is calculated as 100 percent solids and vinylidene chloride polymer is calculated as 62 percent solids present in the emulsion. 1
- the vapor barrier has a moisture vapor transmission of 0.02 perms or less and is formed from polymers of vinylidene chloride.
- polymers of vinylidene chloride or vinylidene chloride polymers it is meant to'include not only the homopolymer but also various high vinylidene chloride content copolymers, terpolymers, etc.
- the usefulness of polymers of vinylidene chloride depends on the permeability of the polymer which in turn depends on the density and crystallinity of the polymer.
- the homopolymer of vinylidene chloride has a lower impermeability than most other copolymers of vinylidene chloride and is therefore best suited for the vapor barrier.
- availability and fabrication problems arise in the use of PVDC and therefore various copolymers of vinylidene chloride may also be employed.
- Polar comonomers and plasticizers increase the permeability of the polymer film as compared to PVDC and therefore use of such films depends on the requirements of the vapor barrier.
- the preferred copolymers are those which comprise at least 50 molar percent of vinylidene chloride with the balance comprising another vinyl monomer such as styrene, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate and vinyl acetate.
- styrene vinyl chloride
- acrylonitrile vinyl monomer
- methyl acrylate methyl methacrylate
- ethyl acrylate vinyl acetate
- graft copolymers of vinylidene chloride are also suitable for the present invention.
- vinylidene chloride polymers are Saran A (homopolymer), Saran B (vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer), Saran C (vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer) and Saran F (vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer), all available from Dow Chemical.
- the polymer type in the conductive coating is not as important as the vapor barrier polymer since only the high thermal stability of vinylidene chloride polymers is involved whereas the vapor barrier requires a coating.
- the same type of polymers suitable for the vapor barrier are also suitable for the conductive coating with the homopolymer of vinylidene chloride being preferred for both the conductive coating and the vapor barrier.
- the conductive coating thickness varies over a wide range depending on the desired use of the heater fabric and the required watt density.
- a lower limit of 0.01 OZ/Sq. yd. is maintained with an upper limit being determined by economics, overall thickness requirements and required watt densities. Therefore, a preferred range if 0.01 to 3 oz/sq. yd. and a more preferred range is 0.20 to 0.60 oz/sq. yd. It is obvious that various coating weights can be varied depending on the carbon/PVDC ratio for a given resistance.
- the electrical resistance can be varied over a wide range; i.e., from 5 ohms per square foot to 5,000 ohms per square foot.
- the manufacture of the heater fabric of the present invention is a multi-step process which may be carried out as follows: I
- Thefollowing table is a list of the materials used in the examples with their corresponding composition.
- the resistance can be controlled by the coating weight when the ratio of carbon and polyvinylidene chloride is constant.
- Example 2 Glass fabric style 7628 was heat cleaned to remove the starch and oil binder and treated as follows:
- Solution A Solution B Water 900 grams Solution A 100 grams Tamol SN 45 grams Polidene M3-l20 24.0 grams TSPP l5 grams Vulcan XC-72 180 grams TABLE 1
- the glass fabric was given three applications of Solu- 75 tion B and dried at 350F for 1 minute between each Material Composition m application.
- he abritc had in electrical resistance of 316 ohms ((i. l.. Cabot Inc.) carbon black per W
- One-half inch wide copper electrodes were sewn on Tamol SN anionic. polymeric tanning (Rohm & Haas Co.)
- Polidenc M3-12l Polidenc M3-12l and dispersing agents anhydrous tetrasodium pyro hosphatc polyvinylidene chloride copolymer emulsions 0 opposite sides ofa 10 X 10 inches fabric sample and the fabric sample was then given two coats ofthe polyvinylidene chloride vapor barrier. This sample was connected to 110 volts A.C.
- a beaker containing 100 grams of water was placed on top of the heater fabric and the temperature of the water rose from 65to Polycryl 7-F-l acrylic polymcrs and [30F copolymers polymerized in a solvent medium and supplied in -50% solutions in toulcne. MEK and other solvents 40 Glass fabric woven glass lahric style 762% Example 3 Glass fabric style 7628 was heat cleaned to remove L the starch and oil binder and treated as follows:
- Solution A Water 500 grams Solution A 100 grams Tamol SN 15 grams Polidene M3-l20 23,6 grams TSPP 5 grams Vuncan XC-72 60 grams
- the following examples will serve to further illustrate the present invention:
- Example 1 Glass fabric style 7628 was heat cleaned to remove the oil and starch binder and then treated as follows: The followmg elecmcal reslstance was Obtamed- The fabric was treated 3 and 4 times with solution B and dried at 350F for 1 minute between each treatment. Following this the polyvinylidene chloride vapor barrier treatment was applied.
- Example 2 120 parts Vulcan XC-72 102 parts Polidene M3420 316 ohms/sq. ft
- Example 3 80 parts Vulcan XC-72 102 parts Polidene M3-l20 425 ohms/sq. ft.
- the minimum and maximum ratios for a given resistance For example, for a resistance of 2.500 ohms per square foot and a coating weight of 1.0 oz./sql yd. the minimum ratio of carbon to polyvinylidene solution is 40 to 60, and the maximum ratio is 58 to 42 for a fabric heater ration of 10 to 60 watts per square foot.
- Example 4 Glass fabric style 7,628 was heat cleaned to remove the starch and oil binder and knife coated on. one side only with the following formula:
- the electrical resistance of the one-side coated fabric was 700 ohms per square foot.
- the uncoated side of the above sample was then knife coated with the same solution, dried at 300F for 1. minute.
- Theelectrical resistance was now 360 ohms per square foot.
- Example 5 A sample of heat cleaned style 7628 glass fabric was 20 treated with a 20 percent aqueous solution of Polycryl 7-F-1 and dried 1 minute at 300F. This sample was then coated as in Example number 4 with the following results:
- Other types of fabric softeners could also be used to impart flexibility to the glass heater fabric.
- Example 6 A plant trial was run on two styles of glass fabric, 1562/38 and 7628/50.
- the test schedule was operated as follows:
- Vulcan XC-72 was added and mixed until dispersed.
- Polidene M-3-120 was added and mixed until a uniform mixture was obtained.
- Run A Coronize 50 yards of 7628/50 greige at 1250F and 20 yards per minute. Apply above formula in three dips, using submerged rolls, at 10 lbs. pad pressure. and dry between each dip at 300F. 7
- Example 7 A representative sample of Run B from Example 6 was made with glass fabric style I562. The resulting resistance of the fabric with electrodes spaced 12 inches apart was 700 ohms per square foot.
- the center of the fabric was immersed in salt water and the resistance measured between the salt water and the electrodes.
- the resistance was found to be in excess of million ohms (5 megohms).
- the same sample prior to application of the vapor barrier coating had a resistance of 200 ohms.
- the sample without the vapor barrier showed a much larger change in resistance upon flexing than the sample with the vapor barrier coating. It is also important to note that the sample with the vapor barrier coating showed no further change in resistance after 75 flexes.
- Example 8 The glass heater fabric described in this invention can be used to make a heated ceiling tile in a relatively simple manner as described in this example.
- a sample of style 1562 open weave glass fabric was gether with a thickness of approximately /1 inch, having excellent acoustical properties and appearance.
- Example 9 TABLE II Location Temperature F Next the same sample, as shown in Fig. 4, was cut to remove a 3 inches diameter hole in the center to produce the sample shown in Fig. 5. A voltage of l 10 volts A.C. was again connected to the sample and the surface temperature measured, as shown in Fig. 5 according to the following table. The resistance of the sample with the cutout was 260 ohms per square foot which gave a watt density of 50.8 watts per square foot.
- Example 10 Again using heater fabric made according to the process of Example 6, a plaster board was constructed with the heater fabric being incorporated into the wet plaster slurry. After drying, a cutout was made and a lamp fixture mounted on the board. The following table gives the temperature profile of the plaster board according to the plaster board of FIGS. 6 and 7.
- Example 1 I Another temperature profile study was conducted on a polyester-glass laminate with the heater fabric made R 770 OHMS E I VOLTS WATTS 17.13
- a flexible heater fabric comprising a woven glass cloth having a layer of a conductive mixture to provide a desired watt density comprising carbon and a vinylidene chloride polymer, means in contact with the conductive mixture for applying an electrical potential and a vapor barrier ofa vinylidene chloride polymer to protect the conductive mixture from moisture and accidental electrical contact.
- a flexible heater fabric as claimed in claim 1 wherein the means for applying an electrical potential comprise at least two electrodes.
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US441817A US3876968A (en) | 1974-02-12 | 1974-02-12 | Glass heating fabric |
US05/533,176 US3935422A (en) | 1974-02-12 | 1974-12-16 | Electrically heated laminate with a glass heating fabric |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US441817A US3876968A (en) | 1974-02-12 | 1974-02-12 | Glass heating fabric |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US05/533,176 Division US3935422A (en) | 1974-02-12 | 1974-12-16 | Electrically heated laminate with a glass heating fabric |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3876968A true US3876968A (en) | 1975-04-08 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US441817A Expired - Lifetime US3876968A (en) | 1974-02-12 | 1974-02-12 | Glass heating fabric |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4115917A (en) * | 1975-06-23 | 1978-09-26 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Method for making an electrically conductive paper |
US4398462A (en) * | 1979-05-30 | 1983-08-16 | Tdk Electronics Co., Ltd. | Hot melt screen printing machine |
US4442139A (en) * | 1979-12-11 | 1984-04-10 | Raychem Corporation | Elements comprising fibrous materials |
WO2001037612A1 (en) * | 1999-11-15 | 2001-05-25 | Vladimir Ivanovich Bezukladov | Electric heating fabric (variants), electric conducting filament for this fabric and method for production of filament |
US20030203191A1 (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2003-10-30 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Corporation | Mat-faced gypsum board |
US20090208714A1 (en) * | 2008-02-18 | 2009-08-20 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Pre-coated non-woven mat-faced gypsum panel |
US7745357B2 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2010-06-29 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Use of pre-coated mat for preparing gypsum board |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2473183A (en) * | 1947-07-16 | 1949-06-14 | Bates Mfg Co | Electrically conductive fabric |
US2559077A (en) * | 1946-07-01 | 1951-07-03 | Carl G Westerberg | Resistance element and method of preparing same |
US2991257A (en) * | 1957-01-18 | 1961-07-04 | Chemelex Inc | Electrically conductive compositions and the process of making the same |
US3056750A (en) * | 1961-01-23 | 1962-10-02 | Air Reduction | Resin bonded electrical resistors and methods of producing the same |
US3287684A (en) * | 1964-02-27 | 1966-11-22 | Motson Services Inc | Electrical heating device |
US3385959A (en) * | 1964-05-29 | 1968-05-28 | Ici Ltd | Flexible heating elements |
US3387248A (en) * | 1964-05-04 | 1968-06-04 | Midland Silicones Ltd | Flexible electrical heating devices |
US3400254A (en) * | 1966-07-18 | 1968-09-03 | Takemori Hiroshi | Electric heating device for mounting inside a fabric covering |
US3808403A (en) * | 1971-07-20 | 1974-04-30 | Kohkoku Chemical Ind Co | Waterproof electrical heating unit sheet |
-
1974
- 1974-02-12 US US441817A patent/US3876968A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2559077A (en) * | 1946-07-01 | 1951-07-03 | Carl G Westerberg | Resistance element and method of preparing same |
US2473183A (en) * | 1947-07-16 | 1949-06-14 | Bates Mfg Co | Electrically conductive fabric |
US2991257A (en) * | 1957-01-18 | 1961-07-04 | Chemelex Inc | Electrically conductive compositions and the process of making the same |
US3056750A (en) * | 1961-01-23 | 1962-10-02 | Air Reduction | Resin bonded electrical resistors and methods of producing the same |
US3287684A (en) * | 1964-02-27 | 1966-11-22 | Motson Services Inc | Electrical heating device |
US3387248A (en) * | 1964-05-04 | 1968-06-04 | Midland Silicones Ltd | Flexible electrical heating devices |
US3385959A (en) * | 1964-05-29 | 1968-05-28 | Ici Ltd | Flexible heating elements |
US3400254A (en) * | 1966-07-18 | 1968-09-03 | Takemori Hiroshi | Electric heating device for mounting inside a fabric covering |
US3808403A (en) * | 1971-07-20 | 1974-04-30 | Kohkoku Chemical Ind Co | Waterproof electrical heating unit sheet |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4115917A (en) * | 1975-06-23 | 1978-09-26 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Method for making an electrically conductive paper |
US4398462A (en) * | 1979-05-30 | 1983-08-16 | Tdk Electronics Co., Ltd. | Hot melt screen printing machine |
US4442139A (en) * | 1979-12-11 | 1984-04-10 | Raychem Corporation | Elements comprising fibrous materials |
WO2001037612A1 (en) * | 1999-11-15 | 2001-05-25 | Vladimir Ivanovich Bezukladov | Electric heating fabric (variants), electric conducting filament for this fabric and method for production of filament |
US20030203191A1 (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2003-10-30 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Corporation | Mat-faced gypsum board |
US6808793B2 (en) * | 2001-04-19 | 2004-10-26 | G-P Gypsum Corporation | Pre-coated mat-faced gypsum board |
US20100221524A1 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2010-09-02 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Use of pre-coated mat for preparing gypsum board |
US7745357B2 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2010-06-29 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Use of pre-coated mat for preparing gypsum board |
US7749928B2 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2010-07-06 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Use of pre-coated mat for preparing gypsum board |
US20100227137A1 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2010-09-09 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Use of Pre-Coated Mat for Preparing Gypsum Board |
US7932195B2 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2011-04-26 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Use of pre-coated mat for preparing gypsum board |
US20110206918A1 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2011-08-25 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Use of pre-coated mat for preparing gypsum board |
US8461067B2 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2013-06-11 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Use of pre-coated mat for preparing gypsum board |
US20090208714A1 (en) * | 2008-02-18 | 2009-08-20 | Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc | Pre-coated non-woven mat-faced gypsum panel |
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