US3881828A - Pens and nibs therefor - Google Patents
Pens and nibs therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3881828A US3881828A US378619A US37861973A US3881828A US 3881828 A US3881828 A US 3881828A US 378619 A US378619 A US 378619A US 37861973 A US37861973 A US 37861973A US 3881828 A US3881828 A US 3881828A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- foam material
- pen nib
- ink
- foam
- nibs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K8/00—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls
- B43K8/02—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls with writing-points comprising fibres, felt, or similar porous or capillary material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K8/00—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls
- B43K8/02—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls with writing-points comprising fibres, felt, or similar porous or capillary material
- B43K8/026—Pens with writing-points other than nibs or balls with writing-points comprising fibres, felt, or similar porous or capillary material with writing-points comprising capillary material
Definitions
- Fibre-tipped pens whilst convenient to use and relatively inexpensive to produce, are disadvantageous in that their fibre nibs tend to wear rapidly in use.
- the nibs of fibre-tipped pens are conventionally formed from bonded fibres, the strength of the nib increasing as the proportion of the periphery of each fibre bonded to adjacent fibres is increased.
- ink flows through such a nib via voids between the fibres and consequently the effective porosity of the nib decreases as the degree of bonding between the fibres is increased; for this reason the degree of bonding between the fibres in the nib is necessarily a compromise so as to provide reasonable strength without occupying sufficient space to impede the flow of ink.
- a pen nib of ink-permeable metal foam or inkpermeable plastics foam is provided.
- the invention further provides a pen having an ink reservoir and a pen nib of ink-permeable metal foam or ink-permeable plastics foam.
- the foam material used for the pen nibs should be of open-cell structure with the apertures between the cells constituting the pores of the structure.
- the pen has a barrel 10 containing a porous filler 10a, for example a cellulosebased material, which constitutes the ink reservoir.
- a porous filler 10a for example a cellulosebased material
- One end of the barrel 10 is formed with an opening 10b to receive a nib 11 which may be ofa force fit in the opening 10b or may be staked by a pin (not shown) or secured in any other suitable manner.
- a plug 12 After the reservoir 100 has been filled the end of the barrel l remote from the nib It is closed by a plug 12.
- the foam may, for example, be of nickel, or a nickel/- chromium alloy, or of an iron/chromium alloy, nickel/- chromium alloys being particularly suitable.
- the cell spaces in the foam amount to from 30 to 80 percent of the total volume of the foam and the mean pore size is preferably from 10 to 10 metres with a cell size not greater than 3 X 10 metres.
- the larger mean pore sizes are required for relatively viscous inks and a mean pore size of from 1 to 5 X metres is usually suitable for water-based inks.
- the thickness of the metal between the pores is preferably at least one tenth of the mean pore size.
- the nib is of an ink permeable plastics foam it may, for example, be of a polyalkylene, particularly polyethylene or polypropylene, a polyurethane or a polyamide. particularly a nylon.
- the pore sizes are preferably similar to those for the metal foams referred to above. Since plastics materials generally have a relatively low Youngs Modulus (approximately 100,000 p.s.i. in contrast to approximately 20,000,000 p.s.i. for metals), nibs formed from a foam of plastics material can be more readily deformed under pressure so that the width of a line produced thereby can be varied.
- the nib has a thin surface coating of a metal or alloy to improve the wear characteristics of the nib without substantially reducing its overall resilience.
- the surface of the nib is electroplated with a strong wear-resistant metal such as, for example, nickel or chromium.
- Pen nibs in accordance with the present invention and having tip dimensions similar to those of conventional fibre nibs can be produced having lower wear rates than such fibre nibs. This means that a nib in accordance with the invention can have an ultimate tip of smaller dimensions than that of conventional fibre nibs but with commensurate useful life.
- Increased ink flows can be obtained with nibs in accordance with the invention compared with fibre nibs to permit faster writing speeds to be used. Furthermore, such increased ink flows can be obtained with nibs having at least as good, and frequently better, wear properties and mechanical strengths than fibre nibs.
- the ink reservoir formed separately from the nib
- the reservoir may be formed integral with the nib
- Nibs can be formed from ink-permeable metal foam material by deformation, for example, by rolling, drawing or swaging, to reduce the cross-section of the pores of the foam and to elongate the cells in the direction of the ink flow. Nibs with square or hexagonal cross section may be produced. Furthermore, an integral nib/reservoir assembly can be produced by likewise deforming one end of a length of a foam metal to form the nib, the remaining portion of the length of material forming a reservoir having larger cells with a higher ink-carrying capacity per unit volume than the nib.
- a pen nib composed of a relatively rigid, inkpermeable metal foam material, said foam material having an open-cell structure, said structure having apertures between the cells, said apertures constituting the pores of the structure.
- a pen nib according to claim 1, wherein the foam material has from 30 to percent of its total volume as cell space.
- a pen nib according to claim 1, wherein the foam material is of an iron/chromium alloy.
- a pen nib composed of a relatively rigid, inkpermeable metal foam material, said foam material having a structure of open-cells with from 30 to 80 percent of its total volume as cell space and with the size of the cells less than 3 X 10" metres, said structure having apertures between the cells, said apertures having a mean pore size of from 10 to 10 metres.
- a pen nib according to claim 8 wherein the cells are elongated in the direction of ink flow.
Landscapes
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a pen nib of ink-permeable metal foam or ink-permeable plastics foam. The foam material used for the pen nibs should be of open-cell structure with the apertures between the cells constituting the pores of the structure.
Description
United States Patent 1191 Jones 1 May 6, 1975 [54] PENS AND NIBS THEREFOR 2,684,052 7/1954 Rickmeyer 401/199 X 3,111,702 11/1963 Berger 401/199 [75] lnvemor' F'edemk Bracknen 3,628,876 12/1971 Casey et a1. 401/198 England [73] Assignee: Wilkinson Sword Limited, High FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS wycombe, Buckinghamhire, 1,561,844 14/1970 Germany 401/198 England 1,160,331 2/1958 France 401/198 1,948,778 12/1970 Germany 131/261 [22] Filed: July 12, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 378,619 Primary Examiner-Lawrence Charles Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Brooks Haidt Haffner & [30 Foreign Application Priority Data DeLaHum July 18, 1972 United Kingdom 33436/72 [57] ABSTRACT 'i ml/199; 75/20 The invention provides a' pen nib of ink-permeable [58] Fieid 199 metal foam or ink-permeable plastics foam. The foam 75/20 f 29/108 material used for the pen nibs should be of open-cell structure with the apertures between the cells consti- [56] References Cited tuting the pores of the structure.
UNITED STATES PATENTS 9 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure 2,434,775 1/1948 Sosnick 75/20 FD PENS AND NIBS THEREFOR The present invention relates to pens and to nibs therefor.
Fibre-tipped pens, whilst convenient to use and relatively inexpensive to produce, are disadvantageous in that their fibre nibs tend to wear rapidly in use. The nibs of fibre-tipped pens are conventionally formed from bonded fibres, the strength of the nib increasing as the proportion of the periphery of each fibre bonded to adjacent fibres is increased. However, ink flows through such a nib via voids between the fibres and consequently the effective porosity of the nib decreases as the degree of bonding between the fibres is increased; for this reason the degree of bonding between the fibres in the nib is necessarily a compromise so as to provide reasonable strength without occupying sufficient space to impede the flow of ink.
According to the present invention there is provided a pen nib of ink-permeable metal foam or inkpermeable plastics foam.
The invention further provides a pen having an ink reservoir and a pen nib of ink-permeable metal foam or ink-permeable plastics foam.
The foam material used for the pen nibs should be of open-cell structure with the apertures between the cells constituting the pores of the structure.
One construction of pen and pen nib in accordance with the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing which is a sectional side view of the pen and pen nib.
In this construction the pen has a barrel 10 containing a porous filler 10a, for example a cellulosebased material, which constitutes the ink reservoir. One end of the barrel 10 is formed with an opening 10b to receive a nib 11 which may be ofa force fit in the opening 10b or may be staked by a pin (not shown) or secured in any other suitable manner. After the reservoir 100 has been filled the end of the barrel l remote from the nib It is closed by a plug 12.
Where the nib is of an ink-permeable metal foam, the foam may, for example, be of nickel, or a nickel/- chromium alloy, or of an iron/chromium alloy, nickel/- chromium alloys being particularly suitable.
Preferably the cell spaces in the foam amount to from 30 to 80 percent of the total volume of the foam and the mean pore size is preferably from 10 to 10 metres with a cell size not greater than 3 X 10 metres. The larger mean pore sizes are required for relatively viscous inks and a mean pore size of from 1 to 5 X metres is usually suitable for water-based inks. The thickness of the metal between the pores is preferably at least one tenth of the mean pore size.
Where the nib is of an ink permeable plastics foam it may, for example, be of a polyalkylene, particularly polyethylene or polypropylene, a polyurethane or a polyamide. particularly a nylon. The pore sizes are preferably similar to those for the metal foams referred to above. Since plastics materials generally have a relatively low Youngs Modulus (approximately 100,000 p.s.i. in contrast to approximately 20,000,000 p.s.i. for metals), nibs formed from a foam of plastics material can be more readily deformed under pressure so that the width of a line produced thereby can be varied. Ad-
vantageously the nib has a thin surface coating of a metal or alloy to improve the wear characteristics of the nib without substantially reducing its overall resilience. Suitably the surface of the nib is electroplated with a strong wear-resistant metal such as, for example, nickel or chromium.
Pen nibs in accordance with the present invention and having tip dimensions similar to those of conventional fibre nibs can be produced having lower wear rates than such fibre nibs. This means that a nib in accordance with the invention can have an ultimate tip of smaller dimensions than that of conventional fibre nibs but with commensurate useful life.
Increased ink flows can be obtained with nibs in accordance with the invention compared with fibre nibs to permit faster writing speeds to be used. Furthermore, such increased ink flows can be obtained with nibs having at least as good, and frequently better, wear properties and mechanical strengths than fibre nibs.
Although the construction described above has the ink reservoir formed separately from the nib, the reservoir may be formed integral with the nib.
Nibs can be formed from ink-permeable metal foam material by deformation, for example, by rolling, drawing or swaging, to reduce the cross-section of the pores of the foam and to elongate the cells in the direction of the ink flow. Nibs with square or hexagonal cross section may be produced. Furthermore, an integral nib/reservoir assembly can be produced by likewise deforming one end of a length of a foam metal to form the nib, the remaining portion of the length of material forming a reservoir having larger cells with a higher ink-carrying capacity per unit volume than the nib.
I claim:
1. A pen nib composed of a relatively rigid, inkpermeable metal foam material, said foam material having an open-cell structure, said structure having apertures between the cells, said apertures constituting the pores of the structure.
2. A pen nib according to claim 1, wherein the foam material has from 30 to percent of its total volume as cell space.
3. A pen nib according to claim 1, wherein the foam material has a mean pore size of from 10 to l0 metres with a cell size less than 3 X 10 metres.
4. A pen nib according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of material between the pores of the foam is at least one tenth of said mean pore size.
5. A pen nib according to claim 1, wherein the foam material is of nickel.
6. A pen nib according to claim 1, wherein the foam material is of a nickel/chromium alloy.
7. A pen nib according to claim 1, wherein the foam material is of an iron/chromium alloy.
8. A pen nib composed of a relatively rigid, inkpermeable metal foam material, said foam material having a structure of open-cells with from 30 to 80 percent of its total volume as cell space and with the size of the cells less than 3 X 10" metres, said structure having apertures between the cells, said apertures having a mean pore size of from 10 to 10 metres.
9. A pen nib according to claim 8, wherein the cells are elongated in the direction of ink flow.
Claims (9)
1. A pen nib composed of a relatively rigid, ink-permeable metal foam material, said foam material having an open-cell structure, said structure having apertures between the cells, said apertures constituting the pores of the structure.
2. A pen nib according to claim 1, wherein the foam material has from 30 to 80 percent of its total volume as cell space.
3. A pen nib according to claim 1, wherein the foam material has a mean pore size of from 10 6 to 10 4 metres with a cell size less than 3 X 10 4 metres.
4. A pen nib according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of material between the pores of the foam is at least one tenth of said mean pore size.
5. A pen nib according to claim 1, wherein the foam material is of nickel.
6. A pen nib according to claim 1, wherein the foam material is of a nickel/chromium alloy.
7. A pen nib according to claim 1, wherein the foam material is of an iron/chromium alloy.
8. A pen nib composed of a relatively rigid, ink-permeable metal foam material, said foam material having a structure of open-cells with from 30 to 80 percent of its total volume as cell space and with the size of the cells less than 3 X 10 4 metres, said structure having apertures between the cells, said apertures having a mean pore size of from 10 6 to 10 4 metres.
9. A pen nib according to claim 8, wherein the cells are elongated in the direction of ink flow.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB3343672A GB1428972A (en) | 1972-07-18 | 1972-07-18 | Pens and nibs therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3881828A true US3881828A (en) | 1975-05-06 |
Family
ID=10352939
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US378619A Expired - Lifetime US3881828A (en) | 1972-07-18 | 1973-07-12 | Pens and nibs therefor |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3881828A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS4952025A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU468697B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA989775A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2335245A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2192918A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1428972A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT992196B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA734731B (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4086312A (en) * | 1976-04-08 | 1978-04-25 | Glasrock Products, Inc. | Writing pen core having an integral nib and ink reservoir and method of manufacture |
| US4093769A (en) * | 1976-02-18 | 1978-06-06 | Glasrock Products, Inc. | Capillary body and method of producing the same |
| US4104781A (en) * | 1976-06-10 | 1978-08-08 | Glasrock Products, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a marking pen having a nib and an ink reservoir integral therewith |
| US4119756A (en) * | 1976-06-10 | 1978-10-10 | Glasrock Products, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a marking pen having a nib and an ink reservoir integral therewith |
| US4221493A (en) * | 1977-08-31 | 1980-09-09 | Scripto, Inc. | Pen nibs |
| US4238162A (en) * | 1978-04-17 | 1980-12-09 | Sanford Research Company | Nib retaining assembly for a writing instrument |
| US4524365A (en) * | 1982-09-03 | 1985-06-18 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Receptacle for waste ink collection in ink jet recording apparatus |
| US4923317A (en) * | 1987-03-04 | 1990-05-08 | Avery International Corporation | Brushless white-out correcting fluid applicator |
| US5480250A (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 1996-01-02 | Birden; Donald | Dispenser with rigid open pore nib |
| US5851079A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-12-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Simplified undirectional twist-up dispensing device with incremental dosing |
| EP1340624A1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2003-09-03 | Mitsubishi Pencil Kabushiki Kaisha | Writing utensil excellent in cap-off characteristics |
| US6887504B2 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2005-05-03 | Stephen L. Palmer | Marking pen for decorating food |
| US20080028802A1 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-02-07 | Glenn Thomas Jordan | Receiving apparatus |
| US9682886B1 (en) | 2014-06-17 | 2017-06-20 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Ink coating application system and method |
| US20230086315A1 (en) * | 2020-02-06 | 2023-03-23 | Mitsubishi Pencil Company, Limited | Marking pen |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52143118A (en) * | 1976-05-21 | 1977-11-29 | Yoshito Kiriyuu | Writing pen tip |
| DE3045040A1 (en) * | 1980-11-27 | 1982-09-09 | Kurex - Maschinenreparatur- und -handelsgesellschaft mbH, 1000 Berlin | APPLICATOR FOR COLOR TRANSFER, ESPECIALLY FROM CORRECTIONAL LIQUID, FROM THE LIQUID CONTAINER TO WRITING PAPER, PHOTOS AND PHOTOCOPIES |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2434775A (en) * | 1943-05-08 | 1948-01-20 | Sosnick Benjamin | Process for making foamlike mass of metal |
| US2684052A (en) * | 1948-09-11 | 1954-07-20 | Parker Pen Co | Writing instrument |
| US3111702A (en) * | 1963-06-24 | 1963-11-26 | United States Filter Corp | Products formed from continuous filamentary tows |
| US3628876A (en) * | 1962-12-12 | 1971-12-21 | Textron Inc | Writing implement |
-
1972
- 1972-07-18 GB GB3343672A patent/GB1428972A/en not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-07-11 DE DE19732335245 patent/DE2335245A1/en active Pending
- 1973-07-11 AU AU57957/73A patent/AU468697B2/en not_active Expired
- 1973-07-12 US US378619A patent/US3881828A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-07-12 ZA ZA00734731A patent/ZA734731B/en unknown
- 1973-07-16 IT IT9552/73A patent/IT992196B/en active
- 1973-07-17 CA CA176,649A patent/CA989775A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-07-17 FR FR7326214A patent/FR2192918A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1973-07-18 JP JP48082403A patent/JPS4952025A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2434775A (en) * | 1943-05-08 | 1948-01-20 | Sosnick Benjamin | Process for making foamlike mass of metal |
| US2684052A (en) * | 1948-09-11 | 1954-07-20 | Parker Pen Co | Writing instrument |
| US3628876A (en) * | 1962-12-12 | 1971-12-21 | Textron Inc | Writing implement |
| US3111702A (en) * | 1963-06-24 | 1963-11-26 | United States Filter Corp | Products formed from continuous filamentary tows |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4093769A (en) * | 1976-02-18 | 1978-06-06 | Glasrock Products, Inc. | Capillary body and method of producing the same |
| US4086312A (en) * | 1976-04-08 | 1978-04-25 | Glasrock Products, Inc. | Writing pen core having an integral nib and ink reservoir and method of manufacture |
| US4104781A (en) * | 1976-06-10 | 1978-08-08 | Glasrock Products, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a marking pen having a nib and an ink reservoir integral therewith |
| US4119756A (en) * | 1976-06-10 | 1978-10-10 | Glasrock Products, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a marking pen having a nib and an ink reservoir integral therewith |
| US4221493A (en) * | 1977-08-31 | 1980-09-09 | Scripto, Inc. | Pen nibs |
| US4238162A (en) * | 1978-04-17 | 1980-12-09 | Sanford Research Company | Nib retaining assembly for a writing instrument |
| US4524365A (en) * | 1982-09-03 | 1985-06-18 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Receptacle for waste ink collection in ink jet recording apparatus |
| US4923317A (en) * | 1987-03-04 | 1990-05-08 | Avery International Corporation | Brushless white-out correcting fluid applicator |
| US5480250A (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 1996-01-02 | Birden; Donald | Dispenser with rigid open pore nib |
| US5851079A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-12-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Simplified undirectional twist-up dispensing device with incremental dosing |
| US6887504B2 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2005-05-03 | Stephen L. Palmer | Marking pen for decorating food |
| EP1340624A1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2003-09-03 | Mitsubishi Pencil Kabushiki Kaisha | Writing utensil excellent in cap-off characteristics |
| US20040028462A1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2004-02-12 | Kazuhiro Ami | Writing utensil excellent in cap-off characteristics |
| EP1340624A4 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2004-12-01 | Mitsubishi Pencil Co | Writing utensil excellent in cap-off characteristics |
| US7001094B2 (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2006-02-21 | Mitsubishi Pencil Kabushiki Kaisha | Writing utensil having excellent cap-off performance |
| US20080028802A1 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-02-07 | Glenn Thomas Jordan | Receiving apparatus |
| US9682886B1 (en) | 2014-06-17 | 2017-06-20 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Ink coating application system and method |
| US20230086315A1 (en) * | 2020-02-06 | 2023-03-23 | Mitsubishi Pencil Company, Limited | Marking pen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA734731B (en) | 1975-02-26 |
| AU5795773A (en) | 1975-01-16 |
| JPS4952025A (en) | 1974-05-21 |
| CA989775A (en) | 1976-05-25 |
| AU468697B2 (en) | 1976-01-22 |
| GB1428972A (en) | 1976-03-24 |
| DE2335245A1 (en) | 1974-02-07 |
| FR2192918A1 (en) | 1974-02-15 |
| IT992196B (en) | 1975-09-10 |
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